Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Railroad stations Design and construction'

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002.
Typescript. Leaf v does not exist therefore pre-paging is misnumbered. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-262). Also available on the Internet.

The development of the large corporate railroad systems in the Midwest, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, produced many high quality, architecturally significant railroad stations. Among these, Richmond's Pennsylvania Railroad Station, built to the designs of the D.H. Burnham & Co., of Chicago in 1902-1903, is a fine example of the Beaux-Arts and Neo-Classical Revival Styles of architecture popular after the Columbian World Exposition of 1893. The Richmond station remains as the last example of the Burnham Co.'s railroad station work in Indiana. This thesis will review the history and current status of the station, review and summarize the field of railroad station reuse, and present an adaptive reuse plan for the station.
Department of Architecture

Low powered transmitters and noisy environmentsmake it difficult to establish stable communication betweensatellites and Earth. The key is to be well prepared and studyevery possible source of error. This paper shows how a groundstation can be designed and optimized to overcome most of theobstacles in satellite communication. By calculating a link budget,performing noise measurements and modifying old mobile phonebase stations, a working formula was found that potentially couldbe a template for other similar projects.

This paper presents a Lagrangian formulation for studying the dynamics and control of the proposed Space Station based Mobile Servicing System (MSS) for a particular case of in plane libration and maneuvers. The simplified case is purposely considered to help focus on the effects of structural and joint flexibility parameters of the MSS on the complex interactions between the station and manipulator dynamics during slewing and translational maneuvers. The response results suggest that under critical combinations of parameters, the system can become unstable. During maneuvers, the deflection of the MSS can become excessive, leading to positioning error of the payload. At the same time the libration error can also be significant. A linear quadratic regulator is designed to control the deflection of the manipulator and maintain the station at its operating configuration.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate

Dans cette étude, une méthode de conception probabiliste pour la conception d'usines de traitement des eaux usées (STEP) qui permet la quantification du degré de conformité aux normes de rejet en termes de probabilité a été proposée. La méthode de conception développée est une approche basée sur un modèle dans lequel les sources pertinentes d'incertitude sont exprimées en termes de fonctions de distribution de probabilité et leur effet combiné sur la distribution de la qualité de l'effluent sont quantifiés par simulation Monte Carlo. Pour ce faire, une série de conceptions en régime permanent avec différents niveaux de sécurité ont été générés en utilisant des règles de conception et la probabilité correspondante de non-conformité aux normes de rejet ont été calculés en utilisant des simulations dynamiques avec différentes réalisations de séries temporelles d'affluent et différentes valeurs pour les paramètres du modèle de station d'épuration. Pour générer différentes réalisations de séries temporelles d'affluent, un logiciel a été développé pour la génération de séries temporelles d'affluent tenant compte des conditions climatiques locales ainsi que les caractéristiques de base des réseaux d'égout connectés. En outre, différentes réalisations des paramètres du modèle de STEP ont été générés par l'échantillonnage des fonctions de distribution de probabilité et l'effet combiné de la variabilité de l'affluent et l'incertitude du modèle sur la distribution de la qualité des effluents a été calculé en exécutant un certain nombre de simulations Monte Carlo jusqu'à ce que la convergence de la distribution de la qualité des effluents a été atteinte. Une fois la convergence atteinte, la probabilité de non-respect d'une alternative de conception peut être calculée pour un certain niveau de qualité de l'effluent. La méthode de conception probabiliste peut aider les concepteurs à éviter l'application de facteurs de sécurité conservateurs qui pourraient entraîner un dimensionnement trop petit ou trop grand de stations d'épuration. En outre, le calcul de la probabilité de non-conformité comme un critère quantitatif peut aider les concepteurs et les décideurs à prendre une décision informée des risques en vue de la meilleure configuration de traitement, son dimensionnement, ainsi que le fonctionnement de l'usine pour la conception ou la mise à niveau des stations d'épuration. Mots-clés: usine de traitement des eaux usées, de conception dans l'incertitude, de la conception en fonction du risque, analyse de l'incertitude, probabilité de non-conformité.
In this study, a probabilistic design method for the design of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that enables the quantification of the degree of compliance to the effluent standards in terms of probability has been proposed. The developed design method is a model-based approach in which relevant sources of uncertainty are expressed in terms of probability distribution functions and their combined effect on the distribution of the effluent quality is quantified by Monte Carlo simulation. To do so, a set of steady-state designs with different levels of safety is first generated using a design guideline and then the corresponding probability of non-compliance (PONC) to the effluent standards is calculated using dynamic simulations under different realizations of influent time series and different values for the WWTP model parameters. To generate different realizations of the influent time series, a software tool was developed for synthetic generation of influent time series data considering the local climate conditions as well as basic characteristics of the connected sewershed. Moreover, different realizations of WWTP model parameters are generated by sampling from the probability distribution functions that are assigned to uncertain model parameters. The combined effect of influent variability and model uncertainty on the effluent distributions is calculated by running a certain number of Monte Carlo simulation runs until convergence of the effluent distribution is achieved. Once convergence is reached for the effluent distribution, the PONC for a design alternative can be calculated for a certain effluent standard. The probabilistic design method can help designers avoid the application of conservative safety factors that could result in over-or under-sizing of WWTPs. Moreover, calculating the probability of non-compliance as a quantitative criterion can help designers and decision makers make risk-informed decisions on the best treatment configuration, sizing, and plant operation during the design or upgrading of WWTPs. Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant, design under uncertainty, risk-informed design, uncertainty analysis, probability of non-compliance.

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the capacity of a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) station in Cape Town. A bus rapid transit system is a high-capacity public transportation system that carries passengers from one point to another, providing a service that is faster and more efficient than an ordinary bus line. The implementation of these systems is increasing rapidly worldwide, serving as a solution to decrease traffic congestion. The capacity of the proposed bus station, known as the Thibault Station, is investigated in the study by developing a simulation model. The aim is to develop a stochastic simulation model, which represents the flow of passengers throughout the station so that the station capacity can be investigated. By developing a stochastic model as opposed to a deterministic model, elements of uncertainty can be included into the model, thereby representing a system that is closer to the real-life situation under investigation. The majority of BRT systems, as well as past studies undertaken on the Thibault Station, are designed using deterministic calculations. The study commences by researching literature on BRT systems and focuses on the current methods used to calculate station capacity requirements. Thereafter, the concept of simulation is introduced. Simulation is the method chosen to model and evaluate the passenger and bus operations at the Thibault Station. The study presents the methods used to build and verify the simulation model. This is done to familiarise the user with a number of aspects of the model. The model can then be used as a tool to investigate capacity parameters and alternative designs or scenarios. Using the results of these investigations, decisions can ultimately be made regarding the planning and design components of any bus rapid transit station given that the model is adapted. Scenario results, as well as interpretations of performance measurements, are presented at the end of the study. The results can be used for more realistic design of BRT stations using stochastic modelling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die kapasiteit van „n hoëspoed bus vervoer stelsel (BRT). Die ondersoek is gebaseer op „n voorgestelde bus stelsel vir Kaapstad. „n BRT-stelsel is „n hoë-kapasiteit publieke vervoerstelsel wat passasiers van een punt na „n ander vervoer, deur „n diens te verskaf wat vinniger en meer doeltreffend is as „n gewone bus stelsel. Die implementering van hierdie tipe stelsels neem wêreldwyd toe en dien as „n oplossing om verkeersopeenhopings te verminder. Die spesifieke busstasie wat ondersoek word staan bekend as die Thibault Stasie van Kaapstad se BRT-stelsel. Die kapasiteit van die stasie word ondersoek deur middel van simulasiemodellering. Die doel is om „n stogastiese simulasiemodel wat die vloei van passasiers modelleer te ontwikkel ten einde die kapasiteit van die stasie te ondersoek. Deur „n stogastiese model in plaas van „n deterministiese model te gebruik, kan elemente van onsekerheid ingesluit word. Dit verteenwoordig dus „n stelsel wat nader aan die werklikheid is. Tans word meeste BRT-stelsels ontwerpe gebaseer op deterministiese berekeninge, asook historiese studies wat onderneem is oor die Thibault Stasie. Die studie begin deur literatuur oor BRT-stelsels te bestudeer en fokus daarna op die huidige metodes wat gebruik word om die vereiste kapasiteit van „n busstasie te bepaal. Die konsep van simulasie word daarna voorgestel. Simulasie is die metode wat in die studie gebruik word om die passasier- en busaktiwiteite van die Thibault Stasie te modelleer en te evalueer. Die studie verskaf die metodes wat gebruik word vir die ontwikkeling en geldigmaak van die simulasiemodel. Gebruikers word op dié manier blootgestel aan die verskillende aspekte van die model. Nadat die gebruikers vertroud is met sekere aspekte van die model, word die model verder uiteengesit en word daar verduidelik hoe dit as „n instrument om kapasiteit parameters en alternatiewe ontwerpe van busstasies te ondersoek kan dien. Die resultate van die model kan gebruik word om beplannings- en ontwerpbesluite van enige busstasie te neem. Aan die einde van die studie word scenarioresultate bekendgestel, asook die interpretasie daarvan. Die resultate kan gebruik word vir meer realistiese ontwerp van BRT-stasies met behulp van stogastiese simulasie modellering.

Orientador: Cassio Eduardo Lima de Paiva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: As ferrovias de carga pesada (heavy haul) têm como objetivo, trabalhar com grandes volumes de carga, mantendo uma velocidade que possibilite um tempo de percurso cada vez menor, mas esse deslocamento deve ser feito com segurança e para isso é necessário que a via permanente esteja sempre em condições aceitáveis de circulação. No Brasil, a estrutura atual desse tipo de via férrea atualmente está dimensionada para suportar aproximadamente até 32 toneladas por eixo, mas para favorecer o maior escoamento e tornar a ferrovia mais eficiente intenciona-se chegar a 40 toneladas por eixo. Baseado nessas informações, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar uma solução técnica de via férrea adequada para uma carga de 40 toneladas por eixo. Foram avaliadas duas situações: na primeira utilizou-se uma camada de lastro apoiada diretamente sobre a plataforma; e na segunda foi adotada uma placa de concreto de cimento Portland entre a camada de lastro e a plataforma da via. Para a primeira situação foram calculadas as tensões no trilho e na plataforma através dos modelos numéricos propostos por Eisenmann e Zimmermann, e na situação da placa de concreto, dimensionou-se uma estrutura baseada no método de dimensionamento de pisos industriais da Associação Brasileira de Cimento Portland. Para os dois casos, as tensões atuantes na via permanente foram verificadas através do programa computacional FERROVIA. As conclusões foram obtidas através de comparações entre os valores das tensões calculados pelos métodos teóricos e pelo método computacional
Abstract: The heavy haul lines objective is to carry elevated freight, maintaining speeds that assure a shorter travel time. It must be done safely and, for this, it is required good conditions for the track. This Brazilian railway structure is designed to support 32 tonnes per axle, however to promote a better flow and to become more efficient there is an intention of change this freight to 40 tonnes per axle. Based on that, the aim of this study was to analyze a suitable technical solution t for 40 t/ axle load. Two situations have been evaluated: in one of them it was used a ballast layer over the formation; and in the other one it was adopted a concrete slab between the ballast layer and the formation. For the first situation stresses on rail and formation were calculated based on the theoretical models (Zimmermann and Eisenmann methods), and for the second one, a structure similar to a concrete pavement has been designed (ABCP industrial floor method). For both cases, the tresses on the track have been verified by the computational program FERROVIA. The conclusions were based on comparisons between the stresses values calculated by the theoretical and computational methods
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestra em Engenharia Civil

In power distribution system planning, it is essential to understand the impacts that electric vehicles (EVs), and the non-linear, time-variant loading profiles associated with their charging units, may have on power distribution networks. This research presents a design methodology for the creation of both analytical and behavioral models for EV charging units within a VHDL-AMS simulation environment. Voltage and current data collected from Electric Avenue, located on the Portland State University campus, were used to create harmonic profiles of the EV charging units at the site. From these profiles, generalized models for both single-phase (Level 2) and three-phase (Level 3) EV chargers were created. Further, these models were validated within a larger system context utilizing the IEEE 13-bus distribution test feeder system. Results from the model's validation are presented for various charger and power system configurations. Finally, an online tool that was created for use by distribution system designers is presented. This tool can aid designers in assessing the impacts that EV chargers have on electrical assets, and assist with the appropriate selection of transformers, conductor ampacities, and protection equipment & settings.

Orientador: Fernando Teixeira da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta dissertação trata da história social dos trabalhadores da construção da estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil. O estudo aborda o sistema de trabalho adotado durante a realização das obras de construção da ferrovia e as experiências dos trabalhadores em São Paulo e Mato Grosso entre 1905 e 1914. Apesar de atravessar terrenos difíceis e insalubres em sua maior parte, a estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil foi construída em tempo recorde devido à mobilização de milhares de trabalhadores recrutados em diversas regiões do país e do exterior. A dissertação considera a construção da ferrovia como um empreendimento em si mesmo. Neste sentido, analisa o processo de recrutamento dos trabalhadores, as condições de vida de trabalho, a luta da imprensa operária contra a ferrovia, a criminalidade e aspectos do cotidiano e do mundo do trabalho da construção da estrada de ferro Noroeste do Brasil
Abstract: This dissertation is a social history laborers in the construction of Noroeste do Brasil railroad system. The study deals with the labor system adopted during the realization of the railroad tracks and worker's experiences in São Paulo and Mato Grosso between 1905 and 1914. Although the majority Noroeste do Brasil railroad spans very difficult and unhealthy terrain, it was constructed in record time due to the mobilization of thousands of workers recruited from diverse regions of the country, within and outside the boundaries of the nation. The dissertation considers the construction of the railroad as an undertaking in itself. In this sense, it analyzes the process of recruitment, worker's living conditions, and the fight by the working class press against the construction of the railroad, criminality, and other aspects of quotidian life in the construction of Noroeste do Brasil railroad system
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

Computer based simulation models have often been used to study the multimodal freight transportation system. But these studies have not been able to dynamically couple the various modes into one model; therefore, they are limited in their ability to inform on dynamic system level interactions. This research thesis is motivated by the need to dynamically couple the multimodal freight transportation system to operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. It is part of a larger research program to develop a systems modeling framework applicable to freight transportation. This larger research program attempts to dynamically couple railroad, seaport, and highway freight transportation models. The focus of this thesis is the development of the coupled railroad and seaport models. A separate volume (Wall 2010) on the development of the highway model has been completed. The model railroad and seaport was developed using Arena® simulation software and it comprises of the Ports of Savannah, GA, Charleston, NC, Jacksonville, FL, their adjacent CSX rail terminal, and connecting CSX railroads in the southeastern U.S. However, only the simulation outputs for the Port of Savannah are discussed in this paper. It should be mentioned that the modeled port layout is only conceptual; therefore, any inferences drawn from the model's outputs do not represent actual port performance. The model was run for 26 continuous simulation days, generating 141 containership calls, 147 highway truck deliveries of containers, 900 trains, and a throughput of 28,738 containers at the Port of Savannah, GA. An analysis of each train's trajectory from origin to destination shows that trains spend between 24 - 67 percent of their travel time idle on the tracks waiting for permission to move. Train parking demand analysis on the adjacent shunting area at the multimodal terminal seems to indicate that there aren't enough containers coming from the port because the demand is due to only trains waiting to load. The simulation also shows that on average it takes containerships calling at the Port of Savannah about 3.2 days to find an available dock to berth and unload containers. The observed mean turnaround time for containerships was 4.5 days. This experiment also shows that container residence time within the port and adjacent multimodal rail terminal varies widely. Residence times within the port range from about 0.2 hours to 9 hours with a mean of 1 hour. The average residence time inside the rail terminal is about 20 minutes but observations varied from as little as 2 minutes to a high of 2.5 hours. In addition, about 85 percent of container residence time in the port is spent idle. This research thesis demonstrates that it is possible to dynamically couple the different sub-models of the multimodal freight transportation system. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed by future research. The principal challenge is the development of a more efficient train movement algorithm that can incorporate the actual Direct Traffic Control (DTC) and / or Automatic Block Signal (ABS) track segmentation. Such an algorithm would likely improve the capacity estimates of the railroad network. In addition, future research should seek to reduce the high computational cost imposed by a discrete process modeling methodology and the adoption of single container resolution level for terminal operations. A methodology combining both discrete and continuous process modeling as proposed in this study could lessen computational costs and lower computer system requirements at a cost of some of the feedback capabilities of the model This tradeoff must be carefully examined.

Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Public participation has already been a point of discussion from as early as 1960, with Arnstein's presentation of eight levels of participation. Various advantages and disadvantages have been published, but theorists agree that the advantages still overshadow the disadvantages. The United States have started much earlier than South Africa with the studies on public participation. It has been realised that public participation forms an integral part of the formal environmental impact assessment which succeeded the formal legislation of 1996. It is generally accepted that public participation is inseparable from the planning process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of public participation on the planning of the Gautrain project, which is the intended rapid rail link between Johanesburg and Pretoria. It will be investigated whether the consult firm Bohlweki Environmental, that has been appointed to implement the environmental impact assessment of the Gautrain project, complied with the criteria to ensure public participation, and whether the public process made a difference to the planning of the project. It has been apparent that Bohlweki Environmental used various methods of involving the public - inter alia numerous public meetings that have been advertised in the press and elsewhere. From the public inputs changes have been made to the route of the train. These changes however, have made other people discontented. The research concludes with the finding that the public participation process of the environmental impact assessment had a positive influence on the planning of the project, even though everyone, due to the extend and the nature of the project, could not be satisfied, and that the study has been expensive and time consuming.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Publieke deelname was reeds 'n besprekingspunt van so vroeg as 1960 met Arnstein se voorstelling van agt deelnemingsvlakke. Oor die jare van navorsing is verskeie voordele en nadele van publieke deelname gepubliseer, maar teoretici is dit eens dat die voordele steeds die nadele oorskadu. In Suid-Afrika is daar veel later as in die Verenigde State studies oor publieke deelname begin. Ook hier is daar uiteindelik besef dat publieke deelname 'n onlosmaakbare deel van die formele omgewingsimpakstudie vorm en het die formele wetgewing in 1996 gevolg. Vandag word algemeen aanvaar dat publieke deelname en die beplanningsproses onafskeidbaar is. Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is om die impak van publieke deelname op die beplanning van die Gautrein projek te ondersoek - dit is die beoogde sneltrein tussen Johannesburg en Pretoria. Die vraag is of die konsultant firma Bohlweki Environmental, wat aangestel is om die omgewingsimpakstudie van die Gautreinprojek te loods, voldoen het aan die kriteria om publieke deelname te verseker, en of die publieke proses 'n verskil gemaak het aan die beplanning van die projek? Uit die analise het dit geblyk dat Bohlweki Environmental van verskeie metodes gebruik gemaak het om die publiek te betrek, onder andere talle publieke vergaderings wat goed geadverteer is in die pers en elders. As gevolg van die groot publieke inset is veranderinge aan die roete van die trein aangebring. Hierdie veranderinge het egter weer ander mense ontevrede gemaak. Die slotsom van die navorsing van hierdie werkstuk is dat die publieke deelname proses van die omgewingsimpakstudie wel 'n betekenisvolle positiewe uitwerking op die beplanning van die projek gehad het, alhoewel almal, uit die aard van die omvang van die projek, nie tevrede gestel kon word nie, en dat die studie duur en tydrowend was.

Mini-Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree Master of Science (Environmental Sciences) School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Witwatersrand School: Mining Engineering (Centre For Sustainability In Mining And Industry) 26 January 2017
The Gautrain Rapid Rail Link project is one of the biggest transport projects undertaken in South Africa. One of the unique features of this project was the manner in which public participation was conducted. There were two stages of public participation, one for the EIA process and the other for the EMP process. The research undertaken sought to study the influence of public participation on the development of mitigation measures in an EMP following EIA. The aim of the research project was to assess how the mitigation of environmental impacts, developed for an EMP during the construction phase, were affected by public participation, using the Gautrain Rail Link as a case study. When the comments were classified according to how they related to the different mitigation management plans it was found that the issues most commented on were those pertaining to public consultation and disclosure, noise vibration, visual/aesthetics, working hours, surface water, traffic as well as construction sites. Approximately 7% of the comments made by IAPs could be linked to specific changes to DFEMPs. Approximately 4% of the changes suggested by IAPs were rejected by Bombela. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 238 targets; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of targets was 217 which reflected an 8.8% reduction. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 789 method statements; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of method statements was 845 which reflected a 7.1% increase. These changes were mostly due to some of the targets being replaced by a “No complaints from the public” target and then the shifting of the previous targets into method statements. There was a change in the overall approach of mitigation targets to what could be viewed as more ‘people-orientated’ as opposed to mitigation that aimed to prevent adverse impacts to the environment. This was evident in the change of targets focusing on having no complaints from the public as opposed to setting targets that related to standards and specific environmental conditions. It was also found that the public input at the EMP stage could not have altered the mitigation strategy significantly but could have likely assisted in improving and refining the mitigation measures that had been selected. Public preference on the mitigation strategies applied was observed in the research as was the “Not In My Back Yard” phenomenon where the IAPs were more concerned with the impacts that directly affected their everyday lives and not the natural environment as a whole. It was noted that the input from the public resulted in valuable information being added and improved decision-making. It was found that the Independent Auditor’s comments resulted in the most evident changes in the DFEMPs. The public input process was able to highlight the feasibility and practicality of the targets set in the DFEMPs. It also gave IAPs an opportunity to voice their opinion on socioeconomic issues that they would otherwise not have been able to raise. A drawback from the public participation process was that the comments made by the IAPs were often repetitive which led to generic responses being given and also increased the likelihood of both IAP and developer participation fatigue. There was an agreement by all the interview participants for the need to EMP to be developed as continuous documents through the different phases of the project. Overall, the case study could add valuable input to the environmental management body of knowledge in South Africa.
MT2017

M.Tech. (Architectural Technology)
Alexandra's Far East Bank, formerly an apartheid buffer zone, is caught up in a reactive process by government to provide both housing and public transport. This process has resulted in a segregated relationship between the Marlboro Gautrain Station and the adjacent Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing scheme. The station is completely cut off from the immediate community by a perimeter fence with 24-hour security. This further entrenches the division between the Gautrain commuters and surrounding community. This forced physical relationship sets up an opportunity to design and create a space that aims to straddle the current socioeconomic gap. After on-site investigation and research, a This project would be the first catalytic response to the City of Johannesburg’s Regional Spatial Development Framework (RSDF) for Region E (CoJ 2009/10: 149). The

碩士
東海大學
建築研究所
85
By re-creating, re-using, and re-inventing, people wish to experience and embrace themselves with "the past" through the mechanism of historical remains and heritage; for instance, museums. The objective of this thesis is to investigate those remaining constructs that were developed along the time horizon and yet are observable nowadays, with the attempt to draw inferences from those observations, within the observers'' mental spaces, to construct a model of the past in the context of the current time frame. 　　This thesis design draws on a case study, ArLi Mountain Railroad, to substantiate that research goal. The case study is conducted in the manner of "museum browsing." Stopovers (e.g, stations and reservations) and key scenic spots (e.g, remains and natures) are traversed with the assistance of satellite stations and touring facilities. Selected landscapes, land lines, and pathways along the traversal course are re-constructed based upon their distinct features. These elements are re-produced and linked into becoming a coherent instrumental device that serves the purposes of revealing, demonstrating, and explaining the past, Observers are accordingly endowed with an opportunity to witness the development of ArLi Mountain''s Railroad culture and its evolution process, and hopefully come to appreciate and gain more insights to the values and meanings of ArLi Mountain Railroad.

M. Tech. Architecture (Professional)
This dissertation deals with the exploration of turning a distant memory into a functional reality. The project focuses on architecture's potential to connect. The aim of the design proposal is to re-establish the programmatic exchange and confluence of commuters between South Africa and Mozambique on the so-called Eastern Railway Line. The proposed site (Mbombela Train Station) forms a comprehensive construct of history and decay. Currently, the site hosts an almost forgotten domestic train station, numerous unused office buildings and sheds. Established in 1895 as a railhead, it occasioned the development of Nelspruit (now known as Mbombela). The project investigates the typology of the train station: the spatiality and materiality of the current Eastern railway line prompts the architectural response. As a result, heritage incorporates and complements the vernacular (universal) language of the coalesced commuter. The proposed programme explores the threshold between the commuter and the city. The perceived spatial permanence of the platform mediates arrival and departure. An international railway station to act as a gateway between Mbombela and Maputo is thus proposed.

空間站探索是世界熱點研究問題，空間站巨大因此往往在外太空在軌建造和組裝，因此需要由宇航員和機器人開展大量的艙外工作（ Extra-Vehicular Activities，EVAs）。目前，宇航員的艙外工作存在以下三個方面的問題：（1）宇航員在移動攀爬和任務操作相互衝突的問題， 宇航員在艙外工作時不能一邊沿著扶手攀爬，一邊搬運載荷；（2）當前的空間機器人工作空間有限，在空間站表面有許多地方無法達到開展艙體檢查等在軌服務；（3）當前的空間機器人在狹窄空間裡操作效率不高，不能很好地避開障礙物和做精細化靈巧操作。
本論文針對以上問題提出了2 個機器人系統，四腿行走機器人（ Four-legged Robot Walker, FLRW ） 和圓弧軌道機器人（Circular Rail Robot System , CRRS）。四腿行走機器人擅長多退的扶手攀爬和操作，攀爬和操作可同時開展。四腿行走機器人還有一個可旋轉頭部（可旋轉的視覺系統）來增強攀爬過程中的視覺範圍。圓弧軌道機器人通過移動機器人在圓弧軌道的運動能完全覆蓋空間站的所有工作空間，該系統是在太空應用的第一個弧形軌道系統，同時也有最小的轉彎半徑。
本論文對提出的2 個機器人系統的移動性進行了深入的研究，四腿機器人側重在雙臂攀爬的策略、攀爬步態，並開展了全艙攀爬的在軌任務模擬驗證。圓弧軌道機器人開展了艙體軌道系統、多艙體軌道切換器、移動基座平臺、移動平臺驅動和轉彎半徑的深入設計與分析，並且完成了移動軌道平臺的原型樣機試製驗證。
本論文對提出的2 個機器人系統的操作臂開展了非球形腕部掛接、冗餘操作臂奇異點辨識研究，提出了一種雅克比初等變換（MJET）演算法進行操作臂奇異分析，該演算法可以將冗餘機械臂的6x7 奇異矩陣轉化到3x4 的子矩陣，大大提高了運算效率。論文還開展了在多移動物體環境下的避障研究，提出了一種即時的多移動物體障礙回避（MMOA）演算法，該演算法採用超曲面函數描述障礙物的包絡，採用偽距離即時計算與移動障礙物距離，取得了控制精度和即時性的平衡。
本論文對提出的2 個機器人系統的操作臂開展了動力學建模和在軌裝配研究，採用拉格朗日建模方法對操作臂建模，並與商務軟體ADAMS 對比驗證建模準確度。同時，並運用阻抗控制演算法針對ORU 的在軌抓取、安裝和轉移等在軌任務的實現驗證。
最後論文進行了總結和後續工作展望。
Space station exploration is a global hot research topic. The space stations are usually large in scale so that they have to be fabricated and assembled in space, which involves a large number of Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs) by astronauts and robots. There are three main problems of EVA mission. (1) Astronauts experience a conflict between climbing and manipulation during EVA missions, as they cannot carry payloads while handrail climbing. (2) Current space robots have workspace limitations and cannot reach the whole exterior of a space station, making it challenging to carry out inspection and servicing. (3) It is also difficult for robots to avoid obstacles and perform fine manipulation tasks in a compact workspace.
Two robotics systems, the Four-Legged Robot Walker (FLRW) and the Circular-Rail Robot System (CRRS), are proposed to address the above problems. The FLRW is good at handrail climbing as it has multiple, identical legs. It also has a rotatable vision system to enhance its field of view during climbing. The CRRS provides full coverage of the space station workspace, as it is a mobile robot that drives on a circular rail system around the space station. This system is the first design of robotic system with circular-rail in space and also has the smallest turning radius.
The mobility of both robots is addressed. The FLRW analysis focuses on the climbing strategy and climbing gait analysis. The circular rail system, rail switch, mobile platform, driving force and turning radius of CRRS are carefully designed and analyzed. A prototype of the CRRS mobile platform is implemented for verification.
The proposed manipulator is designed with redundant joint and non-spherical-wrists. A Modified Jacobian Elementary Transformation (MJET) approach is proposed to determine all of the singularity conditions. This approach has a singularity isolation feature to reduce the computational workload. A Multiple Moving Obstacle Avoidance (MMOA) approach is proposed for manipulator path planning in a compact workspace. A super-quadric surface function is used to describe the shape of an obstacle, and the pseudo-distance from the manipulator to the obstacle is measured and controlled in real time. This approach achieves a good balance between computational complexity and accuracy.
The proposed manipulator is modeled using the Lagrangian dynamics formulation and the dynamics of the proposed manipulator is verified with the commercial software ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems). The mathematics model has similar output in ADAMS under a constant torque input and a sine torque input. The Orbital Replacement Unit (ORU) assembly task is implemented using impedance control. Both simulation and hardware tests are completed for verification, and the experimental results show that the controller is good for on-orbit servicing tasks.
The contributions of the thesis are summarized and future work is proposed.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Chen, Yongquan.
Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-148).
Abstracts also in Chinese.

In a world of increased daily travel, more efficient means of transporting people become all the more relevant as citizens constantly try to bridge time and distance in an effort to get to work and other meeting places. The ability to transport large numbers of people at the same time, establishes the rail transport as one such mode viable for this task. As a result, cities throughout the world constantly revive existing rail networks and introduce new ones to cater for this growing traveling demand of the 21 st century. The most popular forms of transportation in the city of Durban, namely the bus, taxi and private car are the main contributors to the traffic congestion and air pollution problems in the city, hence the need to reconsider the importance of the train. Following international precedent, South Africa is planning to revive its railway services by changing its image and ensuring passenger safety in order to establish it as a major public transport system (Ministry of transport, 2006). In creating the building form of railway station buildings, it is necessary to understand passenger movement and activity within the station as well as the spaces required for such activities. This is vital if the designer has to make a meaningful contribution to society though his building intervention. Railway stations do not function in isolation to other modes of transportation in the city, hence the need for this study to consider the station in a node or interchange context to enforce its role within the city's transportation system as a whole.
Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

Lam Pui Wing Caspar.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110).
Introduction
Preface --- p.2
Table of Content --- p.4
Research
Mobility Definition --- p.8
Mobility & City --- p.10
Mobility: Issues & Concerns --- p.13
Methodological Research --- p.14
Case Study 1 - Urban Design of Philadelphia --- p.16
Case Study 2 - The McCormickTribune Campus Centre --- p.22
Macau Lightrail: Background Research
Abstracted Renderings --- p.26
Lightrail Scheme Development Process --- p.28
Newspaper Cuttings --- p.30
Mapping of Macau LRT: at PRD Scale --- p.34
Mapping of Macau LRT: at City Scale --- p.36
Zooming into the 23 Stations --- p.38
Design Preliminary Stage
Site Study --- p.42
Methodology Experiments --- p.52
Schemetic Models --- p.54
Proposed Circulation Pattern --- p.56
Proposed Network of Open Spaces --- p.58
Development Models --- p.60
Presentation
Connection at Regional Scale --- p.64
Connection at Local Scale --- p.72
Connection at Architectural Scale --- p.88
Appendix
Bibliography --- p.110
Tickets --- p.112
Panels --- p.114

Thesis (MTech. degree in Architecture: Professional)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.
This design dissertation will deal with the making of a gateway or portal in order to improve the imageability of the campus. It is thus based on the upgrading and integration of the existing Metro Rail Station and the design of a student centre on the Pretoria Campus in order to become a social interactive arrival space serving the people of the institution. The architectural intervention is based on the principle of a gateway, that illustrates a notable transition when entering the campus. The concept of a horizontal timeline is adapted that is symbolic of the advancement of technological development of the knowledge and skills generated by the university.

Lui Ho Yin.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report."
Content --- p.1
Acknowledgement --- p.3
Project Synopsis --- p.4
Chapter i/ --- Introduction --- p.6
Preface --- p.7
Conservation of Cultural Heritage --- p.8
Reason for conservation --- p.9
Conservation and Urban Renewal --- p.11
Conservation Modes Comparison --- p.13
Chapter ii/ --- Initiation of Project --- p.15
Magistrates' Court in Hong Kong --- p.16
Type of Courts --- p.17
Social Concern toward Legal System in Hong Kong --- p.20
Comparison between Hong Kong and China Legal System --- p.22
Chapter iii/ --- Exploring on Site / Urban --- p.26
Methodology --- p.27
District I: Sheung Wan / Central
District II: Tsim Sha Tsui
District III: Causeway Bay
My Choice
Site Location --- p.32
Examine the characteristic of Site --- p.33
Historical Background --- p.35
Architectural Merits --- p.39
Adjacent Special Areas --- p.40
Chapter iv/ --- Site Analysis --- p.42
Context Analysis --- p.43
Characteristics of Central Police Station Buildings --- p.48
Court of Final Appeal (Former French Mission Building) --- p.62
Chapter vi/ --- Design Guideline --- p.64
Building Users --- p.65
Planning the layout of the magistrates' court --- p.67
Schedule of Accommodation --- p.70
Design Concept --- p.72
Model Photo --- p.76
Chapter vii/ --- Special Study --- p.79
Block A --- p.80
Block B and the other --- p.84

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
In the 1830s, Indiana undertook an ambitious internal improvements program, building the state’s first railroad and multiple canals. To complete the projects, Indiana used Irish immigrant laborers. The Irish laborers developed a reputation for brawling amongst themselves, highlighted by a riot involving 600 laborers working on the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1835. Multiple volumes of Indiana history identify the Wabash and Erie riot as a one-time event inspired by Protestant and Catholic animosity imported from Ireland. A review of the historical record, however, contradicts these long-held assumptions. Inspired by Irish traditions of faction fighting and peasant secret societies, Irish immigrant laborers formed secret societies that used violence against competitors in hopes of securing access to internal improvement jobs for their own membership. The rival secret societies, the Corkonians and the Fardowns, organized based on their provincial origins in Ireland. Examples of Corkonian and Fardown violence occurred throughout the country. In Indiana, a pattern of Corkonian and Fardown conflict resulted in skirmishes on at least three different construction sites between 1835 and 1837. In contrast to the traditional narrative, the Corkonians and Fardowns were both pioneers of the first wave of large-scale Irish Catholic immigration whose rivalry centered on job protection and economic grievances.