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1
Allen, John G. "Rediscovering the Urban Railroad." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, no. 1 (January 1997): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-21.
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The urban railroad represents a long-established but little-understood range of rail transit in several older North American industrial cities. In most instances urban railroads are officially classified as commuter rail, but the genre also includes a couple of lines in the rapid transit category. Several urban railroads incorporate elements of both modes. The urban railroad uses conventional railroad technology and rights of way to provide high-quality service within the central city. Examples of the urban railroad include Metra Electric in Chicago, Cleveland’s Red Line, and the urban portions of Philadelphia’s Regional Rail and New York’s Long Island Rail Road. Neglected and overlooked for decades, the urban railroad has untapped potential to attract amenity-conscious customers and relieve ridership pressure on nearby bus routes.
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Pengelly, Sean P., and C. Tyler Dick. "Economics and Planning of Short-Haul and Short-Line Railway Intermodal Service." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2608, no. 1 (January 2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2608-12.
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To develop a more competitive and efficient transportation system, railroads have engaged in intermodal freight transportation of both containers and trailers. Though intermodal rail operations have increased dramatically since the 1950s, traffic trends have also evolved with shipper demands, improved rail infrastructure, and enhanced operational strategy. Many former main railroad lines are now operated by short-line and regional carriers. Industrial centers that were once home to intermodal terminals, both large and small, have lost their intermodal connectivity since short-line and regional railroads typically do not handle intermodal traffic. With local terminals lost, shippers have been forced to increase drayage distances to centralized Class I railroad intermodal terminals. With the economies of scale afforded by recent record levels of intermodal rail traffic, opportunities have arisen to revitalize short-haul intermodal service. In many instances, short-line and regional railroads have taken this opportunity to increase traffic and revenue on their own lines as well as increase traffic on existing intermodal lanes and bring relief to over-capacity centralized inter-modal terminals. In most instances, Class I railroads remain involved through operations and marketing of the short-haul service as part of their larger national network. This report summarizes ongoing research that, through examination of current and discontinued short-haul intermodal operations and communication with rail carriers of all sizes, identifies how the strengths of short-line and regional railroads can be leveraged to improve the efficiency of the Class I railroad intermodal network.
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Link, Alessandra. "Editing for Expansion: Railroad Photography, Native Peoples, and the American West, 1860–1880." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 3 (2019): 281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz043.
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Abstract In the nineteenth century, both railroad expansion and photography influenced relations between the United States and Native peoples in powerful ways. Scholars have often dealt with these two technological developments separately, but photographs and railroads have a shared history. Throughout the mid-to-late nineteenth century railroad companies engaged with photographs and photographers to promote travel on their lines. This article evaluates the production and circulation of transcontinental railroad photographs, and it concludes that the so-called golden age of landscape photography was built on the suppression of peopled scenes in the West. Images of Indians and trains that reached broad audiences placed Indigenous peoples in opposition to the modern forces cast in steel and running on steam. Picturing an unpeopled West and anti-modern Indians brightened business prospects for those investing in the promise of U.S. expansion beyond the 100th meridian.
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Ahmed, Rekib, and Anup Saikia. "Pandora’s Box: A spatiotemporal assessment of elephant-train casualties in Assam, India." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): e0271416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271416.
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Railways are an indispensable component of sustainable transportation systems, but also exact a toll on wildlife. Wild Asian elephants are often killed by trains in Assam, India, where we assess temporal variations in the occurrences of elephant-train collisions (ETCs) and casualties during 1990–2018. This study also assesses spatially varying relationships between elephant-train collision (ETC) rates and elephant and train densities in the adjoining 10 km2 grid cells of 11 prioritized railroad segments using ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The temporal analysis indicated that ETCs spiked at certain hours and months. The adult and calf elephant casualties on the railroads were found to be two to fivefold high during the post monsoon season compared to other seasons. During the operation period of meter gauge railroads (1990–1997), the proportions of ETCs and casualties were only 15.6% and 8.7% respectively. However, these increased substantially to 84.4% and 91.3% respectively during the operation of broad gauge railroads (1998–2018). The OLS model indicated that both elephant and train densities explained 37% of the variance of ETC rate, while GWR model showed 83% of the variance of ETC rate. The local coefficient values of GWR indicated that both the predictor variables interplayed significantly and positively to determine ETC rates in the Mariani-Nakachari and Khatkhati-Dimapur railroad segments. However, the relationship between ETC rate and elephant density is significantly negative in the Habaipur-Diphu railroad, implying that the elephant population along this railroad stretch is significantly affected by railways through large scale ETCs. Hence, there is an urgent need to address long-term mitigation strategies so that elephants can be conserved by providing safe passages and survival resources along railway lines.
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Chiu, Chen-Yuan, Yi-Chia Lin, Fei Shen, Yujie Liu, Xilin Chen, and Yuyan Lin. "Automated Monitoring and Emergency Response System for Sensitive Areas Along High-Speed Railway Lines." E3S Web of Conferences 512 (2024): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451203003.
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The safety of high-speed railroads is an important indicator of travelers’ trust, and it is also an important factor in determining whether or not the operation volume can reach the expected goal. Therefore, high-speed railroad companies in Europe, the United States, and Japan have invested heavily in establishing safety monitoring systems in order to avoid the occurrence of disasters and to strengthen the mechanism of crisis response and emergency treatment. High-speed railroad operation may occur in a variety of accidents, different disaster warning, emergency response and rescue, need to have different equipment, contingency measures, and well-trained personnel to deal with. Therefore, the safety standards for high-speed rail systems in advanced countries around the world are much higher than those for traditional train systems. The theories and technologies of disaster prevention and relief have matured both at home and abroad. This study combines the theories and technologies of disaster prevention with GIS, such as monitoring instruments, satellite positioning, remote sensing detection, radio transmission, the Internet, database management, and information management, to provide effective support for decision-making and analysis of commanders, to rapidly assist in crisis management, and to strengthen the mechanism of emergency response.
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Kharisma, Ivana Lucia, Kamdan, Asep Rizki Firdaus, Rizki Haddi Prayoga, Fakhriyal Riyandi Yasin, and Mutiara Annisa Tresna Ati. "Construction Of Railway Door Automation Prototypes Using Arduino, Servo Motors and Ultrasonic Sensors." Digital Zone: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 14, no. 1 (May 27, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/digitalzone.v14i1.13584.
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The Indonesian railway system is currently experiencing a lot of developments in terms of technology. The Indonesian railway system has been integrated with technology 4.0, where all transaction processes, whether payment, ordering tickets or monitoring trains, can be monitored via electronic media. Of course, this technology must be supported by adequate infrastructure, one of which is the railroad crossing. In Indonesia, several railroad lines have been constructed, and many portal or crossbar railroads have also been constructed. The railroad gate is part of the railway system which has a very important role, especially in regulating the safety of train travel. The rail gateway has been a problem and a source of accidents in recent years. This is because there are no security facilities at any rail portals, causing drivers to continue to break traffic laws. The making of this automatic railroad doorstop uses the Prototype method, namely a simulation that uses Arduino UNO R3, servo motors, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and other components that can support the manufacture of this railroad doorstop prototype. The prototype of this automatic train doorstop is equipped with many sensors that works automatically according to what is ordered, so that its use can be easily controlled and implemented in real life. This automatic railroad crossing system is expected to optimize the task of the railroad crossing guard by providing automation for the process of opening and closing the railway door and providing additional warning information for the community around the railway door location so as to reduce the potential for accidents caused by drivers or people who break traffic laws.
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Morlok, Edward K. "Resolving Conflict Between Mobility-Impaired Passenger Requirements and Freight Service on Mixed High- and Low-Platform U.S. Railroad Lines." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1848, no. 1 (January 2003): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1848-10.
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The first objective is to explain the conflict that has emerged and is growing between ( a) requirements to make passenger trains accessible for passengers in wheelchairs and for other mobility-impaired travelers and ( b) requirements for general freight service on the same tracks on certain types of railroad lines. The second objective is to present two designs for railroad passenger car entranceways that appear to resolve this problem and that have additional benefits as well. The conflict emerges in situations in which high-level platforms are used (at stations) on tracks that are also used by freight trains, because such platforms intrude into the normal clearance envelope of freight trains. High-level platforms are now most commonly used in the northeastern United States, but more extensive use elsewhere is contemplated because of various benefits for passenger service. After the problem is presented, reviews are completed of previous evaluations of various generic approaches to providing platform-to-train access—in foreign railways and in rail transit contexts—to identify characteristics of effective solutions that are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Then two related new approaches designed for North American railroad conditions are presented. It is hoped that research into this problem will be encouraged along with testing and ultimately the deployment of technologies that will provide effective transport for mobility-impaired travelers on the railroads while maintaining characteristics necessary for freight service.
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Grant, H. Roger. "Michigan Railroad Lines by Graydon M. Meints." Michigan Historical Review 32, no. 1 (2006): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2006.0009.
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Zawodny, Michał, Maciej Kruszyna, Wojciech Kazimierz Szczepanek, and Mariusz Korzeń. "A New Form of Train Detection as a Solution to Improve Level Crossing Closing Time." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 23, 2023): 6619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146619.
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The critical points on the rail and road network are their intersections, i.e., level crossings. During a train crossing, car traffic is stopped. This reduces the fluidity of traffic on the road and, consequently, can cause congestion. The problem increases with the number of cars and trains. Frequently, due to national regulations, level crossing closure times are long. It is mainly dictated by safety issues. Building two-level intersections is not always a good solution, mainly because of the high cost of implementation. In the article, the authors proposed the use of sensors to reduce level crossing closure times and improve the Level of Service on the road network. The analyzed railroad lines are local agglomeration lines, mainly due to safety (low speed of commuter trains) and high impact on the road network. The sensors proposed in the article are based on radar/LIDAR. Formulas similar to HCM methods are proposed, which can be implemented in a railroad crossing controller. Simulations using the PTV Vissim program are carried out and the results are worked out based on the obtained data. The considered method can reduce the level crossing closure time by 68.6%, thereby increasing the Level of Service on roads near railroads.
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Liu, Xiang, Tejashree Turla, and Zhipeng Zhang. "Accident-Cause-Specific Risk Analysis of Rail Transport of Hazardous Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (September 3, 2018): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794532.
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Rail plays a key role in the transportation of hazardous materials (hazmat). Improving railroad hazmat transportation safety is a high priority for both industry and government. Many severe railroad hazmat release incidents occur because of train accidents. The Federal Railroad Administration identifies over 300 accident causes, including infrastructure defects, rolling stock failures, human factors, and other causes. Understanding how hazmat transportation risk varies with accident cause is a key step in identifying, developing, evaluating, and prioritizing cost-justified accident prevention strategies, thereby mitigating hazmat transportation risk. The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated, generalized risk analysis methodology that can estimate accident-cause-specific hazmat transportation risk, accounting for various train and track characteristics, such as train length, speed, point of derailment, the number and placement of tank cars in a train, tank car safety design, and population density along rail lines. Using the two major causes of accidents on freight railroads—broken rails and track geometry defects—as an example, this paper demonstrates a step-by-step analytical procedure and decision support tool to assess how accident frequency, severity, and hazmat transportation risk vary by accident cause. The research method can be adapted for risk analysis at corridor- or network-level accounting for other accident causes.
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Cho, Sam Deok, Jin Man Kim, Ju Hyong Kim, and Kwang Wu Lee. "Utilization of Waste Tires to Reduce Railroad Vibration." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.637.
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This study proposes a means to recycle waste tires as a material to reduce ground vibration. A series of field experiments was carried out to assess the reduction effect of railroad transport vibration by utilizing waste tire chips. The ground vibration during the railroad transport operation was measured in two railroad lines to investigate the vibration characteristics prior to field model tests. Test results showed that the frequency of vibration induced by railroad transport ranged from 5Hz to 100Hz, while the dominant frequency was within the range of 20Hz to 40Hz. A series of field model test was carried out by using tire chips (5cm×5cm in size) as a reduction material for railroad vibration. The field experiment results showed that the reduction effect of waste tires for railroad vibration increased with increasing thickness of the waste tire layer and increasing frequency of the vibration source. From these experimental results, it can be concluded that waste tires can be recycled effectively for reduction of railroad.
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Subarkah, Untung, Hera Widyastuti, and Catur Arif Prastyanto. "Analysis Effect Of Thick Ballast On Track Quality Index (TQI) Value Route Wonokromo – Mojokerto." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 23, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v23i1.1589.
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In Operational Area 8 Surabaya there are several railway lines, one of which is the Wonokromo - Mojokerto line. This lane has a fairly heavy train traffic frequency including the connecting lane south. This will affect the quality of roads on the Wonokromo - Mojokerto line. To assess damage to a railroad seen from several aspects in the structure of the railroad. These aspects are the structure of the railroad, the structure of the railroad and the geometrical structure of the railroad. In Indonesian railways, the railroad uses railroad geometry consisting of several parameters (track gauge, cant, longitudinal level, and lateral level.) as a basis for assessing railroad quality. In this study will analyze the structure of the railroad under the thickness of the ballast to the Track Quality Index (TQI). In this study using a simple linear regression analysis to determine the variation of the thickness of the ballast to TQI. From the results of the analysis conducted, obtained thickness changes that occur in ballast that affect the value of the Track Quality Index (TQI). Where the greater ballast, the greater the value of TQI.
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Hu, Yiling. "The Impact of High-Speed Rail Opening on Urban Economy Empirical Evidence from China." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 91, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/91/20240982.
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The business scale of China's high-speed railroad is increasing, which has brought important impact on the economy of the cities passing along the high-speed railroad. High-speed railroad has faster speed, safer, and stronger ability to transport goods compared with train, which provides a better choice for people's transportation, tourism, etc., and also has a great impact on the economic development of the cities along the route. This paper is based on the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway along Hunan Province.To ensure accurate empirical results, we specifically choose Hunan Province as the basis for data analysis, as it is the only province in the area and eliminates potential interference from other municipalities. We collect data from 2005 to 2019, specifically from prefectural-level cities and above. The empirical analysis is conducted using the double difference model (DID). An analysis is conducted on the effects of high-speed railroads on the growth rate of GDP, per capita GDP, the total employment at the end of the year, and the urban development along the lines. The findings indicate that high-speed rail has a discernible bias in its economic impact on cities along its route. Specifically, it has a substantial influence on the employment and urbanisation development of these cities. However, it does not have a significant effect on the short-term per capita GDP and its growth rate.
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Arnold, Robert M. "Dwarf Snapdragon – The Railroad Weed." Weed Technology 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002844x.
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Believed native to the Mediterranean region, dwarf snapdragon [Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange ♯ CHNMI] was introduced into North America in the late 19th century. Since its introduction, it has spread, mainly along railroad lines, to at least 30 states as far west as Kansas and Nebraska. Increased use of herbicides by railroad companies has resulted in a marked decrease in its abundance in recent years.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Wawan Hermanto. "Arduino-Based Railway Arrival Detection And Name Detection Design At A Level Crossing." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.40.
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Transportation safety must be obeyed by all modes of transportation. The railroad crossing is one point that has the potential for conflict between railroad shares and road users. In accordance with applicable regulations, railroad facilities are prioritized when passing level crossings. In fact, road users often try to break the rules. This research aims to present alternative solutions to improve the safety of road users and railroad lines at cross section level. This research uses a method that begins with a literature study. Next through the design phase, the prototype stage and finally the testing phase. The results of this study are the prototype of the railroad direction detector and the identification of electronic-based railways by using an Arduino Microcontroller. The result shows an LCD board that can provide information to road users for the train's arrival direction and train name. With this information it is expected that road users are more concerned with safety and can be careful when passing a level crossing.
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Valjarević, Aleksandar, Dragan Radovanović, Svetislav Šoškić, Nikola Bačević, Nikola Milentijević, Jelena Golijanin, and Marko Ivanović. "GIS and geographical analysis of the main harbors in the world." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0223.
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Abstract This paper points out the possibilities of better exploitation of marine traffic as well as its connection with other kinds of traffic. Special attention is given to the analysis of 1,081 harbors about their availability during the year. The methods and algorithms used in GIS are buffers, cluster, method of interpolations, and network analysis. The methods used for the purpose of conducting numerical analyses are algorithms that served for the analysis of the network, its transport features, and the connectivity with harbors in terms of geospace. The main results found in this research showed that harbors have good connectivity in the first place with road traffic and after that with air and railroad traffic. According to data from 2019, all traffic lines cover 4.1 × 1015 km, and the road traffic has the most significant potential in connection with the harbors. The most connected harbors and airports are in the east coast of North America, west coast, north Europe, southern Europe, south-east Australia, a central part of Oceania, and south-east Africa. The results in the modified Likert scale between airports and harbors showed medium results. The densest road network is located in the eastern part of USA, western and central part of Europe, and east coast of China. The number of possible connected lines between main road nodes and harbors is 0.8 × 109. This type of traffic showed excellent results and connection with harbors. The number of possible connected lines per month between railroads and harbors is 1.3 × 103. This type of traffic showed low connectivity with the harbors. In the end comparison of harbors with air, road and railroad networks were established. The geographical position of harbors was analyzed, and better understanding was performed on a global scale.
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Sanders, Jonathan. "Lessons from the Periphery: Saratov, January 1905." Slavic Review 46, no. 2 (1987): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498909.
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A general strike spearheaded by those controlling the railroads forced tsarist autocracy to its knees in 1905. This tactic, unprecedented in Russian history, was born in Saratov early that year. Saratov's pioneering role derived from an operative principle of solidarity across class, caste, professional, and political lines. However much the crowds filling Saratov's streets resembled those elsewhere, protesters in the middle Volga city came away from the strike after Bloody Sunday with something unique—they had wrung major concessions from local administrators. The economic victory belonged to the men and women of the Riazan'-Urals Railroad who, significantly, had acted together. Their mutually reinforcing interactions, their wedding of economic and political demands framed an effective mechanism for conducting a general strike.
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Heier, Jan R., and A. Lee Gurley. "THE END OF BETTERMENT ACCOUNTING: A STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND REGULATORY FACTORS THAT FOSTERED STANDARDS CONVERGENCE IN THE U.S. RAILROAD INDUSTRY, 1955–1983." Accounting Historians Journal 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 25–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.34.1.25.
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On January 26, 1983, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) announced that it would require all railroads under its regulatory jurisdiction to change from Retirement-Replacement-Betterment (RRB) accounting, to a more theoretically sound depreciation accounting for matching revenues and expenses. The change was needed because RRB did not allow for the recapture of track investment, leaving the railroads with limited capital to replace aging track lines. Over the previous three decades, it had become painfully obvious to everyone that the industry's economic woes were the result of archaic accounting procedures that lacked harmony with the rest of American accounting standards, but the ICC was reluctant to change until new tax legislation in the early 1980s forced the issue. The decision was a culmination of a debate that started in the mid-1950s when Arthur Andersen, with the help of the securities industry, began an effort to harmonize railroad and industry standards using arguments that mirror those supporting the international accounting harmonization efforts of the early 21st century.
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Buyakova, Natalya, Vasiliy Zakaryukin, and Andrey Kryukov. "Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic environment at railroad junctions." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199101010.
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Results of computer-aided studies of electromagnetic environment at railroad junctions of alternating current electrified railroads having voltage of 25 kV are presented. A large number of lines and overhead catenaries significantly complicate the picture of electromagnetic field distribution. The nature of the field distribution in space is significantly affected by the rolling stock on station tracks. Besides, the task of electromagnetic environment modeling is complicated by the presence of underground pipelines and enclosures, and reinforced concrete passenger platforms. During the transfer of power of 10 + j10 MV·A through the junction of overhead system, the magnetic field strength at a level of 1,8 m is considerably less than the magnetic strength at a railway haul due to current distribution on overhead system of several tracks. Magnetic field strength levels in calculation examples do not exceed amplitude of 30 A/m. The train performance leads to changes in the strengths of the electrical and magnetic fields. The dynamics of changes is presented as a result of simulation modeling of train movement modes.
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Yu, Tao. "Quality Analysis of Railroad Train Shunting Operation Plan Using the Intelligent Body Model." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (July 7, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4441369.
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Shunting work is an important component part of railway transport production and is an important link in realizing the train marshalling plan and the train operation map, accelerating the rotation of vehicles, and completing the task of transport production. With the present, the gradual construction of passenger dedicated lines and high-speed train operation bring a new dawn to railroad transportation on the one hand, but on the other hand, high-speed train operation makes the process of train operation more complicated, and the safety hazards and uncontrollable factors of trains are higher than before. Compared with existing lines, passenger dedicated lines put forward higher requirements on the performance of train operation and dispatching system, requiring better real-time, intelligence, and interactive response characteristics of the train operation and dispatching system. The construction of passenger dedicated lines and the increase in train operation speed have put forward higher requirements for safe, on-time, and high-efficiency train operation. The train operation scheduling system is one of the cores of intelligent railroad transportation system, which is the guarantee of safe and on-time train operation. This requires the search for new control strategies to meet the requirements of high-speed train operation and multiple objectives of safety, punctuality, and comfort. Train operation scheduling is a typical distributed system. At present, there are still problems in the safety of railway shunting operations, such as disconnection in management and implementation, failure to revise some rules and regulations, frequent occurrence of obstacles in equipment and facilities, and substandard quality of operators. Therefore, it is necessary to make a systematic analysis of the current situation of railway shunting safety and propose countermeasures and measures. By studying the structure of intelligent body and multi-intelligent body theory, it decomposes the influencing factors of railroad shunting operation, designs the intelligent body model of each element, and applies it in train shunting operation to improve the quality of railroad shunting operation.
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Ananda, Fina Kurnia, Wafi Ainul Yaqin, Mohammad Debby Rizani, and Farida Yudaningrum. "KERUGIAN BBM AKIBAT TUNDAAN DAN PANJANG ANTRIAN DI PERSIMPANGAN JALAN RAYA DENGAN REL KERETA API SEBIDANG (Studi Kasus Jalan Hasanudin Semarang)." Jurnal Teknik Sipil Giratory UPGRIS 4, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/giratory.v4i2.18027.
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Due to the high mobility of those passing by and the presence of trains that cross the intersection between the highway and the railroad, also known as level crossings, Jalan Hasanudin experiences heavy traffic during rush hour. Additionally, because of the large volume of train traffic at the Poncol station and the proximity of this intersection to the station, there is frequently a buildup of vehicles at the level crossing on Jalan Hasanudin. As a result, researchers will determine how Jalan Hasanudin Semarang performed. After conducting research, it was discovered that the highest vehicle queue length occurred on Monday, February 27 2023 from Jalan Hasanudin - Imam Bonjol at closing time 16.45 with a queue length of 123 meters and the highest stop delay occurred on Saturday, March 4 2023 from the direction of Jalan Hasanudin - Imam Bonjol with an average stop delay duration of 372.00 seconds. Therefore, the occurrence of long lines led to fuel losses for the drivers; their total gasoline loss over the course of the three research days was IDR 886,550.7. The researchers offer recommendations based on the findings of the research analysis to control street vendors and people near railroad tracks and railroad crossings that result in side barriers and long lines during stop delays, install traffic signs like those that prohibit stopping, prohibit parking, and prohibit raising and lowering passengers on roads, and so that there is no congestion along Jalan Hasanudin and around railroad crossings.
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Ozment, John D., and Ahren Johnston. "The long-term impact of rail abandonment on manufacturing in Arkansas." Journal of Transportation Management 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1388534700.
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Despite the fact that railroads are an important part of the U.S. economy, the number of rail carriers and miles of rail lines have been declining. The resulting lack of transportation alternatives could have a negative impact on local manufacturing. This study examined the effects of rail abandonment in Arkansas between 1980 and 2000 by comparing measures related to manufacturing in counties that did not have or had lost some rail service with those in counties that had rail service and had not lost any. The analysis revealed no meaningful differences, suggesting the lack of any adverse economic impacts due to rail abandonment. The findings provide important insights for federal, state, and local policymakers and economic development officials; and for railroad economic development, government affairs, and strategic planning management.
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Khusnaya, Amalia, Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani, and Titis Dewi Anggalini. "COMMUNITY RESPONSIVENESS TO THE FEASIBILITY OF THE YOGYAKARTA-SEMARANG RAILROAD VIA MAGELANG REACTIVATION PROGRAM." Natapraja 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jnp.v9i1.37138.
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This study aims to assess the feasibility of the Jogjakarta-Semarang railroad reactivation program via Magelang. The research method used is a quantitative method through surveys and qualitative methods using interview techniques. Feasibility is assessed from 4 aspects, namely aspects of need, technical, management and law, and social aspects. The survey results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 applications. Qualitative analysis was strengthened by data triangulation techniques. The findings of this study indicate that the Jogjakarta-Semarang railroad reactivation program via Magelang is feasible in two aspects, needs and management and law. While it is considered not feasible according to technical and social aspects. However, reactivation programs should continue to be carried out because future regional developments require alternative modes of transportation. To overcome this, researchers recommend a middle ground, namely 1) Partial reactivation; 2) Development of elevated lines; 3) Policy of swap with additional compensation. Generally, commuters responds positively to railroad reactivation programs, but if the railroad tracks hit a functional building that exists, then commuters have several considerations.
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Plotkin, Donald, and Larry Sandhaas. "Simplified Track Evaluation for Low-Speed, Low-Traffic Railroad Lines." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1691, no. 1 (January 1999): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1691-05.
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Tamtomo Adi, Wahyu, Adya Aghastya, Rusman Prihatanto, Artanto Rizky Cahyono, and Izza Anwer. "Landslide Susceptibility Assessment of a Railway Based on GIS Application." Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology 2, no. 2 (October 9, 2023): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jrtt.v2i2.27.
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This study uses GIS-based maps to identify the potential for landslide movement on the railroad section between Prupuk Station and Purwokerto Station. The preparation was conducted by overlaying various maps obtained by online resource data, including rainfall, slope, geology, soil type, and land use, by using the DVMBG 2004 landslide prediction model. The distribution of landslide susceptibility levels shows that of the overall railway lines, 1.10% was very low, 17.29% was low, 63.16% was medium, 18.25% was high, and 0.21% was very high. The results of this study can be used as a reference for operators to provide information systems, landslide monitoring, and mitigation systems, especially for railroads in areas with high and very high vulnerability for landslides. Detailed conditions of landslide parameters and assessment of landslide occurrence on the location are needed to improve the accuracy of the models.
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Kopper, Christopher. "Mobile Exceptionalism?" Transfers 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030206.
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The development of bus transport in European countries followed distinctly different paths. Unlike in the liberal economic regimes of the U.K. and the Netherlands, the German transport policy in the interwar years was characterized by a high degree of state intervention, of regulation and restrictions on inter-modal competition. The main purpose of the regulatory regime in Germany was to ensure the profitability of the national railroad, whereas the interests of passengers ranked second. Concessions for private inter-urban bus services were severely restricted by the political priorities for the railroad and the bus lines of the Postal Service.
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Horáček, Jan, Jiří Rybička, and Robert Čížek. "New Method of Electronic Control of Model Railroad Track." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 21 (December 13, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2024.21.1.
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The digital control of a model railroad track requires the control of the movement of vehicles and their functions (sounds, lighting) as well as control of trackside elements (switches, signals, occupancy detectors, etc.). While the control of the vehicles is provided by a standard whose functionality is perfectly adequate for normal operation, the control of the trackside elements can be carried out in several ways. For small domestic lines, there are commercial solutions from various companies, but for extensive (large) lines there is no such concept, and the appropriate solution is usually tailored to the application (club lines, simulators for training railroad staff). The tracks in the Railway Vehicles Control Laboratory of the Faculty of Business and Economics of Mendel University in Brno can be classified as large; therefore, a special system is required. However, the existing system is not suitable for several basic reasons. Therefore, a modernized system was developed. A new protocol for the RS485 bus was designed, the hardware and firmware of a new GPIO slave module MTB-UNI v4 was developed, a new RS485 master module MTB-USB was developed and two other new hardware modules including firmware for their MCUs were developed. A computer application MTB Daemon and a library for accessing the bus were developed. The result is a system that meets the relatively high requirements and enables further development and use in the laboratory.
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Lee Eden, Bradford. "Indiana Railroad Lines2012354Graydon M. Meints. Indiana Railroad Lines. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press 2011. 402 pp., ISBN: 978 0 253 22359 3 $35.99 Railroads Past and Present." Reference Reviews 26, no. 8 (October 19, 2012): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504121211278331.
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Hermawan, Iwan. "JALUR KERETA API PELABUHAN CIREBON: JEJAK ANGKUTAN KOMODITAS PERDAGANGAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA 1897-1942." Forum Arkeologi 34, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/fa.v34i1.685.
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The high demand for various plantation commodities in the world market, especially sugar, encourages the construction and operation of railroad lines in the Cirebon region. The construction and operation of railroad lines in Cirebon are directed to facilitate commodity traffic to be sent through the Port of Cirebon. The problem raised in this paper is related to what archeological remains are markers of the existence of the Cirebon-Cirebon Port Railway. The method used to answer these problems is the descriptive analysis method. Data collection was carried out through literature study and field observations. Dutch colonial railroad relics on the track in the form of the railbed, signal pole structure, boundary stakes, bridge structure, level crossing pole structure, and rail rods that are still installed. The existence of the railroad remains is a proof of the activities of the train transportation mode to the Port of Cirebon. Tingginya permintaan berbagai komoditas perkebunan di pasaran dunia, terutama gula mendorong dibangun dan dioperasikannya jalur kereta api di wilayah Cirebon. Pembangunan dan pengoperasian jalur kereta api di Cirebon diarahkan untuk memperlancar lalu lintas komoditas yang akan dikirim melalui Pelabuhan Cirebon. Salah satu bagian dari jalur kereta api yang dibangun, adalah jalur Stasiun cirebon - Pelabuhan Cirebon. Permasalahan yang diangkat pada tulisan ini, adalah berkenaan dengan tinggalan arkeologi apa saja yang menjadi penanda keberadaan Jalur kereta api Cirebon - Pelabuhan Cirebon. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, adalah Metode deskriptif analisis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi Pustaka, dan pengamatan lapangan. Saat ini, Jalur kereta Cirebon - Pelabuhan merupakan jalur tidak aktif di wilayah Cirebon. Tinggalan perkeretaapian masa Kolonial belanda di jalur tersebut berupa railbed, struktur tiang sinyal, patok batas, patok KM, struktur jembatan, struktur tiang perlintasan sebidang, dan batang rel yang masih terpasang. Keberadaan tinggalan perkeretaapian tersebut merupakan bukti aktifitas moda angkutan kereta api menuju Pelabuhan Cirebon.
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Kim, Hyun Ki, Sung Jin Kim, Chan Yong Choi, and Soo Beom Hwang. "Practical Evaluation Technique for Deterioration of Railroad Lines using Track Geometry." Journal of the Korean society for railway 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2014.17.2.106.
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KOYAMA, Tatsuya, and Mitsuru IKEDA. "Modeling Method of the Contact Lines for various railroad (Part 1)." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): G1800102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.g1800102.
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IKEDA, Mitsuru, and Tatsuya KOYAMA. "Modeling Method of the Contact Lines for various railroad (Part 2)." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): G1800302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.g1800302.
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Lebid, Iryna, Irina Kravchenya, Tatyana Dubrovskaya, Nataliia Luzhanska, Mykola Berezovyi, and Yevhen Demchenko. "Identification of the railway reconstruction parameters at imposition of high speed traffic on the existing lines." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929405003.
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The problems of railroad design technical reconstruction aimed at ensuring train protection in introduction of high-speed traffic on the rail lines have been addressed. The description of railroad technical system with certain specific features has been proposed. The pair of mutually dual problems regarding the optimal reconstruction of railway curves for raising train speeds at minimal capital investments has been addressed. The problem of determining the optimal speeds of trains of each category under optimum outer rail cant, increase of the unbalanced acceleration value, compliance with the condition of uniform load on rail tracks, comfortable carriage of passengers, in which reduced costs on increased speeds in curved tracks will be minimal has been formulated. To achieve the goals of the study, mathematical optimization techniques and algorithms of analysis of the rail lines of different nature are used. This, by finding and value engineering optimization, allows to minimize high-value and lengthy procedures of physical simulation. As a problem-solving technique, Lagrange multiplier method and its applicability have been proposed. Numeral solution to the problem of selection of certain stretches for increasing rolling stock speeds on operating lines without reconstruction or with minimum expenses on reconstruction of contour of track has been reviewed.
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Aghastya, Adya, and Wahyu Tamtomo Adi. "Planning the Madiun Fire Outer Ring Railroad Using Autocad Civil 3D." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.33.
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Indonesian Railroad Academy Madiun is one of the education UPTs under the Ministry of Transportation which houses the railway sector. To support education in the Madiun API and in accordance with the 2017 Revised Madiun API Master Plan, it is necessary to have additional lines, namely the Madiun API outer ring. Autocad Civil 3D software is very useful in providing an innovative, effective and efficient solution in the process of planning civil engineering specifically for the manufacture of railroad lines so that it is easier, faster and lower cost with the methodology of working on inputting land survey data and carrying out the next alignment design automatically cutting pieces of data transverse, longitudinal, gallian volume and auto fill have been obtained. The planning data that is the speed of the plan used is 30 km / h with a track width of 1,067m. design length of 1234,187m with a slope of 0,0009 or 0.09% below the maximum standard of 10 per ‰, cumulative fill 15584.68 m³ and comulative cut 5719.08 m³.
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Kurhan, M. B., and M. A. Zaiats. "A RATIONAL SCHEME OF MASTERING THE CARRIAGE DURING THE INTRODUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAINS ON ONE OF THE PARALLEL RAILWAY LINES." Science and Transport Progress, no. 12 (September 25, 2006): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2006/18490.
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The authors have developed a method of forming a ratoinal scheme of stage-by-stage integration of services on parallel-bound railroad directions, when high-speed services are introduced on one of them.
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Oliinyk, Olena, Volodymyr Boiko, Vitalii Molchanov, and Olha Soroka. "Research of geometric parameters of symmetric railroad switches." MATEC Web of Conferences 390 (2024): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439004007.
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Turnouts are a barrier in the track for setting the permissible speeds of trains movements on the main tracks, as they have special structural devices for branching traffic from the main track to the side one. Symmetrical switches have a number of advantages over conventional ones: with the same grade as conventional switches, symmetrical switches can provide significantly higher train speeds on the side tracks; with the same radii of transfer curves, symmetrical switches have a shorter length; while maintaining the length of the curve and radius, crosses with a larger angle than in conventional switches can be used. These qualities of single, multilateral symmetrical switches have determined their field of application. On the mainline tracks, symmetrical switches are used in marshalling yards of stations, as well as in main lines when it is necessary to achieve higher speeds on both side lines. Symmetrical switches by their purpose and design have significant differences from the most common conventional switches, and therefore research on these structures is important and relevant. Moreover, very few scientific papers have been devoted to such research, both in our country and abroad. This study reveals the problems of designing the frame rail junction - point, which is the most critical in the operation of a switch and ensuring the safety of trains passing through it.
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Kim, Min-kyeong, Dongkyu Hwang, and Duckshin Park. "Analysis of Maintenance Techniques for a Three-Dimensional Digital Twin-Based Railway Facility with Tunnels." Platforms 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2023): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/platforms1010002.
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In accordance with the paradigm of the 4th and Industrial Revolution, the introduction of building information modeling is expected in all areas related to railroad construction, operation and management, along with the establishment of a metaverse platform that combines big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. The performance of tasks related to the safety and maintenance of railway facilities is aided by the use of digital systems free from physical and temporal constraints. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and other 4th industrial technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), are increasingly implemented in many types of infrastructure. With respect to railroads, the use of these methods to monitor tunnel spaces has been hindered by the limitations of modeling with UAV and inadequate Global Positioning System reception. Here, we conducted the domestic application of 4th industrial technologies to a railway tunnel; we addressed these problems using a BLK360, a fixed LiDAR device that combines two-dimensional panoramic images and a 3D point cloud method. The outcomes of this research will benefit railway operation managers by providing a platform combining a two-dimensional panoramic virtual reality (VR) image and a 3D model developed from a 3D scan framework for the maintenance of existing railway facilities (tunnels). Our approach was optimized for the maintenance and operational management of railroad facilities, as demonstrated for tunnels, because it continuously acquires time-series data that is appropriate for the maintenance of the corresponding space. In the future, this approach can be used for test tracks and operational lines.
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Nurdiansyah, Angga, and Leonardo Gunawan. "Review Of Risk Identification Of Pipeline Buried Under Railroad Tracks." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia (Indonesian Railway Journal) 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v7i2.286.
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The presence of pipes beneath railway lines poses potential risks and hazards to railway operations. Identification of the risks arising from pipes located under railway lines is necessary for evaluation and preparation of strategic measures to reduce the level of risk. Risks to be aware of include pipe deformation, corrosion, design and installation errors, and operating errors. To ensure safety, pipe monitoring and inspection must be conducted regularly. Pipe inspection also needs to consider geotechnical elements to ensure that railway infrastructure remains safe for operation. This paper reviews several published studies and standards related to the safety of pipelines under the railways and summarizes the potential failures of pipelines located beneath railway tracks, various aspect of pipelines and railway safety, and the standards that can be used as references in designing pipelines buried beneath railway tracks
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Dick, C. Tyler, Darkhan Mussanov, Leonel E. Evans, Geordie S. Roscoe, and Tzu-Yu Chang. "Relative Capacity and Performance of Fixed- and Moving-Block Control Systems on North American Freight Railway Lines and Shared Passenger Corridors." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 4, 2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841852.
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North American railroads are facing increasing demand for safe, efficient, and reliable freight and passenger transportation. The high cost of constructing additional track infrastructure to increase capacity and improve reliability provides railroads with a strong financial motivation to increase the productivity of their existing mainlines by reducing the headway between trains. The objective of this research is to assess potential for advanced Positive Train Control (PTC) systems with virtual and moving blocks to improve the capacity and performance of Class 1 railroad mainline corridors. Rail Traffic Controller software is used to simulate and compare the delay performance and capacity of train operations on a representative rail corridor under fixed wayside block signals and moving blocks. The experiment also investigates possible interactions between the capacity benefits of moving blocks and traffic volume, traffic composition, and amount of second main track. Moving blocks can increase the capacity of single-track corridors by several trains per day, serving as an effective substitute to construction of additional second main track infrastructure in the short term. Moving blocks are shown to have the greatest capacity benefit when the corridor has more second main track and traffic volumes are high. Compared with three-aspect signal systems, much of the benefits of moving blocks can be obtained from adding signals and implementing a four-aspect signal system. Knowledge of train delay performance and line capacity under moving blocks will aid railway practitioners in determining if the benefits of these systems justify the required incremental investment over current PTC overlay implementations.
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Bergad, Laird W. "The Economic Viability of Sugar Production Based on Slave Labor in Cuba, 1859–1878." Latin American Research Review 24, no. 1 (1989): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022688.
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During the two decades preceding the abolition law of 1880, Cuban sugar planters pursued two parallel goals. The first undertaking was a concerted effort to increase the efficiency of agricultural and industrial production. A sophisticated railroad network was constructed to the interior from the ports of Havana, Matanzas, Cárdenas, and Cienfuegos in the 1840s and 1850s. Railroads opened high-yielding virgin land in frontier regions to production, and in the 1860s and 1870s, planters attempted to further the transportation revolution by developing rail systems within their estates to carry cane from fields to mills. Because the sucrose content of cane begins to drop immediately after the cane is cut, internal railway lines had the potential to revolutionize sugar production by moving cane quickly to the processing phase. Railroads also helped to resolve the recurring problem of roads washed out by heavy rains, which often precluded transporting harvested cane to mills for refining. In addition to revolutionizing transportation, planters also sought to raise industrial yields by installing modern milling equipment with greater processing capacity. The Jamaican trains of the early nineteenth century were replaced by vacuum-pan evaporators and centrifuges on the most modern mills by the 1860s and 1870s, a change that produced higher grades of sugar more efficiently.
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Kolos, Alexey, Andrey Petryayev, Irina Kolos, Vadim Govorov, and Evgeniy Shekhtman. "ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ROADBED DESIGN OF HIGHSPEED RAIL LINES." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 17, 2018): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2018-1-36-48.
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Objective: Scientific justification of requirements to roadbed design of high-speed networks (HSN) for the purpose of constructing “Moscow–Kazan–Yekaterinburg” railroad line, as well as implementation of “Eurasia” and “Yekaterinburg–Chelyabinsk” HSN projects. Methods: The analysis of modern roadbed design standards for HSN was carried out. The justification of HSN roadbed norms and requirements involved system analysis of HSN engineering and construction in Western Europe, China, Japan and other countries with well-developed high-speed network. Results: The fundamental principles and requirements, which are to be taken as a basis of HSN roadbed engineering, were determined. Practical importance: The obtained results are to be used in HSN roadbed engineering and construction, performed on the territory of the Russian Federation.
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Yegorov, G., and K. Anisimov. "International railroad and automobile ferry lines of the Caspian: analysis and prospects." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2020-2-s-i-199-204.
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Hudson, Andrew Sinclair. "Pentecostal History, Imagination, and Listening between the Lines." PNEUMA 36, no. 1 (2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-03601003.
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As Pentecostals have historically lived, ministered, and led from the margins, their histories often challenge the historian. Reading the religious and social histories contemporaneous to the beginnings of many pentecostal churches and movements is often not enough to discover the complex tapestry of pentecostal voices. Not only oral but also, and particularly, aural historical elements play a key role in the recovery of the “unheard” protagonists in pentecostal histories. The example of Richard Green Spurling and the Church of God (Cleveland, TN) provides an opportunity to imaginatively reconstruct the influences of African Americans on a white Appalachian Baptist-turned-pentecostal preacher. Investigating sung moments of African American prisoners working on a local railroad could shape the religious pedigree of this classical North American pentecostal denomination. This article will explore pentecostal historiography by investigating Spurling and the sung music of African American prisoners as a case study of imaginatively rereading pentecostal histories.
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Andrabi, Tahir, and Michael Kuehlwein. "Railways and Price Convergence in British India." Journal of Economic History 70, no. 2 (June 2010): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050710000318.
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The period 1861 to 1920 witnessed sharp price convergence in British Indian grain markets. Previous research attributed this to the construction of railways. But tests examining price differences between districts provide surprisingly weak support for that hypothesis. Railways mattered, but seem capable of explaining only about 20 percent of the decline in price dispersion. One explanation may be that India was a partially integrated economy at the time of railroad expansion. Lines connecting districts on preexisting trade routes had very small price effects. There is also some evidence of a “border effect” on lines between British India and princely states.
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Bhivsan, Divyesh Z., Jash N. Kansara, and Savan K. Patel. "Evaluation of Parking Demand at Valsad Railway Station." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 2072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51992.
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Abstract: The world's fastest growing major economy is India. Gujarat is one of the fastest-growing states in India, with strong industrial and economic growth. A well-balanced transportation system is vital for the overall growth of any region. Gujarat also has a robust rail network, which complements this. Gujarat is the location of one of the busiest railroad lines that connects the political and commercial centres of Delhi and Mumbai. On the railway lines connecting Mumbai with Delhi and Ahmadabad with Mumbai, Valsad is one of the significant and crowded stations. Many residents of Valsad hold jobs in the neighbouring cities of Mumbai, Vapi, and Surat, among others. As a result, railroad is a popular means of transportation. The majority of these folks drive their two-wheelers or other vehicles from their residences to the railroad station, where they usually park them. People used to park their cars outside the parking lot during peak hours, such as early in the morning and late at night, when there was a significant demand for parking at the railway station. Because of this, adequate parking facilities are needed to prevent situations of this kind. According to field observations, there are not enough parking spaces at Valsad Railway Station. Because commuters used to park on the sides of the roads and on the sidewalks, there was constant traffic in and around the railway station area. As a result, Valsad Railway Station needs to evaluate parking demand. Inventory of parking spaces and a survey of parking utilisation by petrol were done to assess the parking demand licence plate technique. the demand exclusive parking surveys will be used to achieve clear situation of the existing parking state of affairs and future recommendation to ease the parking demand.
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Suslov, Konstantin, Andrey Kryukov, Ekaterina Voronina, and Ilia Fesak. "Modeling Power Flows and Electromagnetic Fields Induced by Compact Overhead Lines Feeding Traction Substations of Mainline Railroads." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074249.
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The ongoing re-equipment of electric power systems is based on the use of smart grid technologies. Among the key tasks that are solved on this basis are increasing the capacity of power transmission lines, reducing losses, and improving power quality. To address these issues, one can use compact power transmission lines. Such lines are notable for their complex split-phase designs and close together placement of current-conducting parts, so as to keep the distance to a permissible minimum, which is achieved by the use of insulating spacers. This article reports the results of computer-aided simulations performed for a standard railroad power supply system, the traction substations of which were connected to 220 kV networks through compact overhead lines (COHLs). The purpose of the study was to calculate the values of quantitative metrics that measure power quality and energy efficiency as well as electromagnetic safety. Modeling was performed in the three-phase reference frame with the use of techniques and algorithms implemented in the Fazonord software package. We considered a power supply system with 25 kV overhead contact systems. It was assumed that the external network used three different designs of COHLs: with coaxial, linear, and sector-shaped arrangements of conductors. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that (1) when using COHLs, the voltages on bow collectors of electric rolling stock were stabilized and did not exceed permissible limits; (2) losses in the traction network were reduced; and (3) the parameters of power quality and electromagnetic safety conditions in external power supply systems of railroads were improved, if judged in terms of electric and magnetic field strengths. Out of the eight types of COHLs considered, compact lines with the three-segment and concentric arrangement of conductors had the best performance, and the use of COHLs with the vertical arrangement of conductors made it possible to reduce electric field strengths. However, the designs of such transmission lines are quite complex and entail higher construction costs.
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soowonmo and Lee Kwang-Bae. "The Dynamic Efficiency and Productivity of Freight Traffic by Railroad Lines in Korea." Journal of International Trade & Commerce 9, no. 1 (March 2013): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.9.1.201303.133.
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Buyakova, N. V., V. P. Zakaryukin, A. V. Kryukov, and D. A. Seredkin. "Simulation of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Overhead Power Lines and Railroad Traction Networks." Energy Systems Research, no. 2(14) (July 23, 2021): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.02.0007.
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The establishment of smart grids requires special attention to the safety of power industry facilities and the reduction in their negative impact on personnel and the environment. A significant factor of such an impact is the considerable intensities of electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by such facilities. In the context of power industry digitalization, the development of methods and tools for EMF digital simulation is needed to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the service personnel. Computer models designed to adequately determine the EMF generated by overhead power lines (OPL) can be implemented based on the methods and tools created to determine operating parameters of electric power systems in phase coordinates developed at Irkutsk State Transport University. The technique of electromagnetic safety analysis is implemented based on the proposed approach and has the following features: a systems approach, which is the possibility of simulating electromagnetic fields in terms of properties and characteristics of a complex electric power system; versatility, which allows simulating power lines and traction networks of various designs; appropriateness to the environment achieved by considering the profile of the underlying surface, underground utilities, and artificial structures of rail transport, such as galleries, bridges, and tunnels; comprehensiveness, which is provided by combining the computation of operating parameters and the determination of EMF intensities. The paper describes methods and algorithms developed to determine the intensities of electromagnetic fields generated by multi-conductor power lines at fundamental and higher harmonics frequencies. A technique for the EMF determination at the points of OPL orthogonal crossing is also presented.
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Sato, Ryosuke, Jun Okada, Fumihiko Nakamura, and Atsushi Deguchi. "Differences among Four Quadrant Urban Areas around Stations Divided by Intersecting Railroad Lines." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 58, no. 3 (October 25, 2023): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.58.696.
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Solovyev, Sergey, Alexander Kabanov, and Nadezhda Zhemchugova. "On the development of layouts on construction and renovation of marshalling complexes." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-446-454.
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Objective: Further improvement of organizational management methods for construction and renovation of railroad stations by the example of marshalling complexes infrastructure. Methods: By means of the methods of continuous construction theory, depending on technological arrangement and structure of facilities of railroad stations, an optimum amount of work was singled out for the purpose of construction lines development. Effective variants of organizational management were selected according to rational coefficient values of combining the facility and specialized flows, in case of which the maximum possible (for conditions of construction and renovation) estimated capacity of the station was preserved. Results: The dependencies of estimated capacity and the amount of work for construction and renovation of marshalling complexes of different types (one-way, combined, etc.) were determined. Practical importance: The data presented in the article is of high practical relevance due to the absence of modern research and industrial regulatory documents on construction and renovation management of the given type of transport facilities.