Academic literature on the topic 'Raiding threat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Raiding threat"
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Tuleneva, Tatyana. "Raiding as a Treat to Economic Security of Kuzbass Coal Mining Enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184104016.
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The paper deals with the phenomenon of raiding, which has become widespread and poses a threat to economic security of Russia in recent years. The wave of raiding is aimed at coal mining enterprises of Kuzbass, which have a stable holding structure and rising property prices due to development of strategic markets. In Russia almost all cases of hostile acquisition are accompanied by violation of civil, administrative, financial and criminal legislation. Raiding the market for corporate control caused by imbalance of current structure of ownership and control. The effect of raider acquisitions is damage to economy, social sphere and investment climate of Kuzbass and Russia. More aggressive and less civilized nature of raider acquisitions in Russia in comparison with other countries is conditioned by the specifics of socio-economic and institutional environment. In this regard, raiding in Russia doesn’t lead to effective distribution of rights to economic assets, but to aggravation of socio-economic and legal problems. Development trends of raiding currently characterized by a growing number of participants and complexity of forms of hostile acquisitions and ways of providing exposures.
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Horobets, N. S., and Ye S. Pylypenko. "Theoretical and legal bases of protection of business entities from raiders in Ukraine." Legal horizons, no. 25 (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i25.p51.
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The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and legal principles of protection of business entities from raids in Ukraine due to the low level of quality of the system of protection of private property rights in the state. It is stated that for small enterprises the lack of financial resources and the risk of illegal seizure or takeover, ie "raiding", is a more common problem, but large enterprises are also subject to raids. It was found that raiding is a real threat to the integrity of enterprises, stable economic development and information security of the state, its danger is confirmed by data on the number of raider seizures of property in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the areas of counteraction to raiding is the consolidation at the legislative level of a common understanding of this concept, but the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Joint Stock Companies" deals only with certain aspects of raiding. Features of "white", "gray", "black" raiding are revealed. There are two ways to warn and protect businesses from raiding: the use of government tools and self-preventive protection of the enterprise. The state instruments of warning and protection of enterprises from raids include: legislative guarantees of inviolability of property and protection of property rights of enterprises in case of violation, criminal liability for misappropriation of property, the procedure of state registration of property rights, the right to apply for protection of rights and interests to the court and the Office for Combating Raiding at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It is emphasized that only 20% of enterprises independently protect themselves from raider encroachment, which explains the large number of raider seizures in Ukraine. Among the methods of such protection, emphasis is placed on creating a reliable system of protection of information about the company, ensuring timely and full payment of dividends to shareholders, preventing the mass purchase of shares and monitoring the current situation. It is concluded that it is expedient to develop and consolidate at the legislative level a common understanding of the concept of "raiding", guarantees of warning and protection of business entities from raiding in Ukraine, improving the powers of courts and the Office for Combating Raiding in Ukraine to consider issues of registration of property rights of enterprises.
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MACKENZIE, CATRINA A., RAJA R. SENGUPTA, and RIDHWANA KAOSER. "Chasing baboons or attending class: protected areas and childhood education in Uganda." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (May 8, 2015): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000120.
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SUMMARYThe influence of protected areas on childhood education is often assumed to be positive, and integrated conservation and development programmes (ICDPs) typically support childhood education by building schools, providing scholarships and improving education quality, which in turn helps build conservation attitudes. In this paper, the impact of a protected area on childhood education is examined within the broader socioeconomic context of villages bordering Kibale National Park (Uganda). Survey data from households and primary schools indicated ICDPs improved primary school enrolment and education for girls. However, crop raiding by Park-protected animals reduced the probability of boys completing four years of primary education because they were preferentially held back from school to guard crops. Since population growth around protected areas is a threat to conservation, and since extending education for both boys and girls helps reduce birth rates and improve future employment opportunities, helping children attain primary school completion supports both conservation and development objectives. The findings highlight the need to continue supporting childhood education near protected areas; however, additional focus should be placed on boys’ educational attainment, and the need for wildlife authorities, governments and conservation organizations to invest in crop-raiding defences to mitigate crop-raiding losses.
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Hobela, Volodymyr V., and Stepan I. Melnyk. "Offshoring as a Threat to the National Economic Security: Causes and Ways to Counteract." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series «Economics» 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.8(2).2021.9-16.
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The volume of capital outflows from Ukraine to offshore jurisdictions has become quite large and poses a threat to the economic security of the state, however, measures to de-offshorise the economy are not effective. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying factors that affect the level of offshoring of the economy, in addition to the state's tax policy, and at developing measures to de-offshorise the state economy. The study used general and special methods of cognition, economic, mathematical, and statistical analysis, the method of deduction and theoretical generalisation. A theoretical analysis of offshoring as an economic category is carried out, the scale of offshoring of the world economy and its impact on the economic security of the state is determined, which substantiated the relevance of the chosen research topic. The main factors influencing the level of offshoring of the economy, except for tax evasion, are highlighted. A methodology and algorithm for determining the total amount of capital outflow are proposed and calculations of the total amount of capital outflow from Ukraine for 2013-2019 are carried out. A correlation analysis was carried out to determine the level of influence of certain factors on the offshoring level of the Ukrainian economy. A mathematical model of the influence of these factors is constructed (x1 , x2 ... xn ) at the level of offshoring of the economy (y), which allowed identifying the factors that most contribute to the increase in the volume of capital outflows from Ukraine. A comparison of the level of corporate raiding, the coefficient of offshoring and the volume of capital outflow from Ukraine is carried out, and a conclusion is made about their stable interdependence. Based on the results of the study, the main ways of de-offshoring of the Ukrainian economy in the process of creating and forming the Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine are developed. It is proposed to create a division within the specified bureau that will perform the functions of countering raiding and violation of property rights of business entities. It is assumed that these measures would contribute to the de-offshoring of the economy and ensure the economic security of the state. The findings of the study can be used to form legislative and institutional support for deoffshoring and ensure the economic security of the state. In particular, based on the results, it is recommended to form the main directions of work and functions of the newly created Bureau of Economic Security of Ukraine
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Bielienkova, Olha, Anton Moholivets, and Yana Loktionova. "MEASUREMENT OF THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES BY THE INDICATOR OF THE ATTRACTIVENESS FOR HOSTILE TAKEOVERS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-5-29-40.
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The article deals with the assessment of economic security by a number of factors that reflect the probability of proxy battle. In recent decades, the number of such acquisitions in Ukraine has increased significantly, which seriously reduces the level of economic security of economic entities both at the microeconomic level, and at the level of sectors of the economy, as well as the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible impact on the economic security of the enterprise (which is proposed to be determined by a multifactor indicator of the attractiveness of enterprises for raiders) factors of financial stability, reputation, business model efficiency and attractiveness to potential buyers. The methods used in the study are as follows: generalization, grouping, systematization, and content analysis (to identify factors that could potentially signal the threat of a hostile acquisition); correlation and regression analysis (to determine from the totality of factors that have the greatest impact on economic security), the method of theoretical generalization (to identify the approaches of various scholars and scientific schools to issues of economic security and raiding); comparative (to determine the state of economic security of the enterprises under study in different years). As a result, the authors propose an integral indicator of the economic security of the enterprise, which makes it possible to identify the potential attractiveness of the enterprise for raiders. It consists of the following components: profitability (determines the effectiveness of the business model), autonomy ratio (determines the financial stability), ownership of real estate in the city center (resale), reputation (delays in fulfilling contractual obligations). Content analysis of economic security factors of enterprises was conducted according to the data on the raiding seizures of Ukrainian enterprises of all industries and activities, and the Economic Security Indicator was created on the basis of materials of Ukrainian construction companies. However, the methodological approach proposed in the article can be used to identify threats to the loss of economic security by enterprises of any sector of the economy, subject to the adaptation of the model to industry specifics. The use of the created indicator cannot replace the full-fledged system of monitoring the economic security of the enterprise and identifying threats to further activities, but it can be used as an indicator of express-diagnostics of economic security of the enterprise and making decisions on in-depth study of economic security to identify adverse factors delight.
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Knighton, Ben. "The State as Raider Among the Karamojong: ‘Where There are no Guns, They use the Threat of Guns’." Africa 73, no. 3 (August 2003): 427–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2003.73.3.427.
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AbstractThe article brings together archival material, past ethnography, and memory on the one hand, and up-to-date eye-witness and newspaper reports on the other, to set current traumatic events in the very long view. The presentism of contemporary developmental and research approaches has precluded such perspectives. Thus the current disarmament programme being forced on the Karamojong of north-east Uganda by the Uganda People's Defence Force is no more unprecedented than the armed conflicts it is intended to resolve. The advent of colonial administration and memories of it are examined to illuminate the constraints of the present exercise. Events are not occurring solely in a local context, still less just on the national scene, but in the global context directed by world power. Thus the significance of cattle-raiding, the nature of which has not been drastically changed by firearms, has been exaggerated as part of a threat to world peace that must be tackled by international action. This has provided the rationale for repeating the brutality of the small wars of imperialism on a larger scale and with less prospect of an ensuing peace. The article proposes a rediscovery of African agency in Karamojong religious ceremonies that are not controlled by world orders.
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Nowag, Lisa. "From Climate Change to Conflict." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 47 (December 31, 2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.47.3.
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In recent years, debate and research on the effects of climate change have intensified. By contributing to natural disasters, sea-level rise and resource scarcity, changes in climate are anticipated to become a significant threat to environmental security. However, existing literature and case studies on the effects of climate change in relation to violence find diverging results. This research note therefore asks if and to what extent climate change can be regarded as a significant contributor to violent conflicts. By investigating climate-related effects on pastoral raiding in North-Western Kenya, the overall relationship between climate change and conflict is analysed on the basis of a practical case study. This analysis supports that climate change is a decisive factor in increasing violence. By multiplying previously existing socio-political tensions and triggering the outbreak of latent conflict, climate change can have impacts on both environmental and civil security. However, its effects are often not directly visible.
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Koirala, Pramila, Bijaya Neupane, Thakur Silwal, Bijaya Dhami, Siddhartha Regmi, and Deepa Dahal. "Distribution of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and its Conservation Threats in Bardia National Park, Nepal." Journal of Forest and Natural Resource Management 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfnrm.v2i1.40220.
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Blue bull is Asia’s largest antelope, a species of least concern in IUCN Red data list of 2020. In Nepal, it is vulnerable and is often considered as a problem animal for its crop raiding habit. Although, its population is restricted in India and Nepal, there are insufficient studies conducted on the distribution and threats of the species at local level. This study aimed to assess the distribution of blue bull and its conservation threats in Bardia National Park and its buffer zone. Field survey was carried out to identify the potential area with the information provided by park staff and buffer zone people and by the transect method in the selected habitat to determine the distribution of blue bull population. Additionally, six focus group discussions (1 in each of thefive sites and 1 with park staff) and a half-day workshop (involving 25 participants representing each site and park office) were organized to assess the existing threats to the species. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS Excel, while the distribution map was prepared using Arc GIS. Also, 8 major identified threats were ranked using relative threat ranking procedure and classified into four severity classes. We found that the population of blue bull was dispersed from core area of Bardia National Park towards the buffer zone area. Open grazing, invasive species, predation by tiger and flash flood were the major threats to the blue bull as perceived by the local people. Habitat management activities including control of grazing, removal of invasive plant species, plantation of palatable grass species, increase in other prey species of tiger and control of flood in blue bull’s habitats are recommended to protect the species and thus sustain their threatened population.
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McLennan, Matthew R., David Hyeroba, Caroline Asiimwe, Vernon Reynolds, and Janette Wallis. "Chimpanzees in mantraps: lethal crop protection and conservation in Uganda." Oryx 46, no. 4 (October 2012): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000592.
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AbstractA main concern of farmers worldwide is how to reduce crop losses to wildlife. Some potentially lethal crop protection methods are non-selective. It is important to understand the impact of such methods on species of conservation concern. Uganda has important populations of Endangered eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. Farmers sometimes use large metal mantraps to guard their fields against crop-raiding wildlife, particularly baboons Papio anubis and wild pigs Potamochoerus sp.. Chimpanzees that range onto farmland also step in these illegal devices and without rapid veterinary invention face severe injury or eventual death. Unlike inadvertent snaring of great apes in African forests, the problem of mantraps in forest–farm ecotones has received little attention. We report 10 cases of entrapped chimpanzees in the cultivated landscape surrounding Uganda's Budongo Forest during 2007–2011, undoubtedly only a portion of the actual number of cases. Mantraps currently present a substantial threat to ape populations in this important conservation landscape. Our data underscore the need for conservation programmes to consider the techniques used by rural farmers to protect their livelihoods from wild animals.
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Melton, Mallory A. "CROPPING IN AN AGE OF CAPTIVE TAKING: EXPLORING EVIDENCE FOR UNCERTAINTY AND FOOD INSECURITY IN THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY NORTH CAROLINA PIEDMONT." American Antiquity 83, no. 2 (January 14, 2018): 204–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.63.
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Engagement in sustained encounters with colonial actors had long-lasting demographic, social, and political consequences for Native American inhabitants of Southeastern North America during the colonial period (AD 1670–1783). Less clear is whether Native peoples who did not regularly trade with colonists also felt the destabilization experienced by more closely affiliated groups. This article explores Native lifeways in the seventeenth-century Eno River valley of the North Carolina Piedmont, a context for which archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence have produced divergent narratives. While extant archaeological findings suggest that daily life from 1650 to 1680 continued virtually unchanged from the preceding Late Woodland period, ethnohistoric accounts indicate that this area was victimized by Native slavers who abducted countless women and children. Seeking to reconcile these narratives, I conducted a diachronic analysis of botanical remains and architecture. Archaeobotanical data reveal that Jenrette site (AD 1650–1680) occupants adopted foodways that differed significantly from those of their Late Woodland predecessors, while architectural evidence indicates a brief village occupation. I argue that Eno River valley inhabitants introduced risk-averse subsistence practices that would have aided in coping with the threat and consequences of slave raiding and that these practices occurred within a social climate of fear and uncertainty that is documented ethnohistorically.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Raiding threat"
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Величко, Володимир Анатолійович. "Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/32847.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертацію присвячено розробці теоретичних положень та практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Систематизовані теоретичні підходи до визначення рейдерства, рейдерської загрози, інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах, охарактеризовані напрями оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози. У роботі представлені результати аналізу стану та трансформацій, які відбуваються на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Виявлені фактори, що впливають на формування рейдерської загрози на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Запропоновано методичний підхід до оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози на основі визначення індикаторів фінансово-економічного стану паливно-енергетичних підприємств та показників, що характеризують напрями й особливості здійснення рейдерських атак. Розроблено структурно-логічну модель оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози, яка поєднує інформаційне забезпечення, напрями моделювання та оцінки узагальнюючого критерію рівня рейдерської загрози. Визначено критичний рівень рейдерської загрози на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Запропоновано методичні рекомендації щодо формування інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах.The dissertation for Scientific Degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences, by the specialty 08.00.04 – economics and management of enterprises (for economic activities). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to development of theoretical positions and practical recommendations for improving the information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. Systematized theoretical approaches to determining raiding, "raiding threat", information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, characterized by areas of assessing the level of the raiding threat. The study presents the results of analysis and transformations which occur in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. There were identified the factors that affect the "raiding threat" in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. The methodical approach to assessing the level of the raiding threat is proposed on the basis of determining the indicators of the financial and economic conditions of the fuel and energy enterprises and the indicators characterizing the directions and features of raiding attacks. There was also developed the structural and logical model of assessing the level of the raiding threat, which combines information support, the directions of modeling and generalized criterion of raiding threat level. The critical level of the raiding threat in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex is determined. Methodical recommendations for forming the information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are suggested.
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Величко, Володимир Анатолійович. "Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах." Thesis, Харківський національний університет міського господарства ім. О. М. Бекетова, 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/32925.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2017.
Дисертацію присвячено розробці теоретичних положень та практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Систематизовані теоретичні підходи до визначення рейдерства, рейдерської загрози, інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах, охарактеризовані напрями оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози. У роботі представлені результати аналізу стану та трансформацій, які відбуваються на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Виявлені фактори, що впливають на формування рейдерської загрози на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Запропоновано методичний підхід до оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози на основі визначення індикаторів фінансово-економічного стану паливно-енергетичних підприємств та показників, що характеризують напрями й особливості здійснення рейдерських атак. Розроблено структурно-логічну модель оцінки рівня рейдерської загрози, яка поєднує інформаційне забезпечення, напрями моделювання та оцінки узагальнюючого критерію рівня рейдерської загрози. Визначено критичний рівень рейдерської загрози на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах. Запропоновано методичні рекомендації щодо формування інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення протидії рейдерству на паливно-енергетичних підприємствах.The dissertation for Scientific Degree of Candidate of Economic Sciences, by the specialty 08.00.04 – economics and management of enterprises (for economic activities). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2017. The dissertation is devoted to development of theoretical positions and practical recommendations for improving the information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. Systematized theoretical approaches to determining raiding, "raiding threat", information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, characterized by areas of assessing the level of the raiding threat. The study presents the results of analysis and transformations which occur in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. There were identified the factors that affect the "raiding threat" in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. The methodical approach to assessing the level of the raiding threat is proposed on the basis of determining the indicators of the financial and economic conditions of the fuel and energy enterprises and the indicators characterizing the directions and features of raiding attacks. There was also developed the structural and logical model of assessing the level of the raiding threat, which combines information support, the directions of modeling and generalized criterion of raiding threat level. The critical level of the raiding threat in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex is determined. Methodical recommendations for forming the information and analytical support for counteraction to raiding in the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are suggested.
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Bowling, Joshua D. "Future Naval Conflict: Asymmetric Threats and Commerce Raiding." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/478.
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Maritime conflict in the next decade or three, when it happens, will not be the full-blown war that our carriers and strategic submarines are designed for. Instead, it will be economic warfare through the interdiction of maritime trade, harassment of naval vessels as rising nations attempt to expand their sphere of influence, and development of cheap (or uncounterable) technologies that keep potential adversaries or rivals at bay. All of this will take place in blue-water environments as access to the littorals is effectively denied by these new technologies. As it stands, the United States is inadequately prepared to face this possibility. This paper will examine how and why this strategy will arise, identify the most likely locations and actors, and explore how these scenario are likely to play out. Additionally, this paper will examine potential remedies that the United States (or other interested powers) could undertake to reduce the impact of these strategies, perhaps even avoiding their occurrence altogether.
Books on the topic "Raiding threat"
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Scott, Tom. The Swiss or Swabian War of 1499. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0007.
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The Swiss (or Swabian) War had its origins beyond Swabia itself, in conflicts between Austrian Tirol and the Rhaetian Leagues; Emperor Maximilian’s plans to invade Italy, however, drew in the Swabian League, which in early 1499 mustered troops to defend its own region from attack or plunder. Imperial troops were sent from the Netherlands, with the result that three separate theatres of war developed: in Vorarlberg, on the Hochrhein, and on the Upper Rhine/Alsace. A series of skirmishes quickly brought hostilities to an end in a ‘war’ which was essentially accidental and avoidable. Much of the fighting consisted of raiding and plundering. By the Treaty of Basel (October 1499) the status quo ante enshrined in the Perpetual Accord was restored; the city of Basel, however, was admitted as a full member to the Confederation.
Book chapters on the topic "Raiding threat"
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Shumilina, Vera, and Rodion Kryukov. "RAIDING AS A THREAT TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ENTERPRISE." In Business security management in modern conditions, 102–9. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_60258635ac2d07.48604155.
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The article raises the problem of raiding as one of the threats to the economic security of the enterprise. The concept of raider attacks and methods of their occurrence are revealed. The main types of raider attacks are analyzed. Strategic and tactical measures to protect enterprises from raiding are highlighted.
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"CHAPTER THREE. Mass Raiding." In Army Ants, 95–165. Harvard University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674249417-004.
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"CHAPTER THREE. The Poetics of Surprise." In Raiding the Land of the Foreigners, 73–108. Princeton University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691223414-007.
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Nwankpa, Michael, and Abubakar Shekau. "Boko Haram State (2013–2015)." In The Boko Haram Reader, 285–88. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190908300.003.0081.
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This chapter provides a detailed account of Boko Haram’s ambitious attempt at establishing an Islamic caliphate in captured territories across the northern states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa. It shows Boko Haram at its glorious peak of insurgency scoring some relative amount of success against the surprisingly helpless and under-motivated Nigerian military. The chapter reveals Boko Haram’s guerrilla and terrorist tactics and brazen attacks during this period: 2013-2015, including its infamous kidnap of nearly 300 boarding school girls in Chibok local government area of Borno state, the successful raiding and suspension of the strongly fortified military post at Baga town in Borno state that enabled one of its highest number of recorded killings- up to 2000 people in three days. The chapter provides textual evidence that relays a graphic portrayal of Boko Haram’s extra-territorial ambition that involves verbal threats to Western interests, denunciation of attacks on Muslims across the globe and actual terrorist attacks in neighbouring countries of Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
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"Chapter Three. Looting The Empty See: The Early Chronology." In Raiding Saint Peter: Empty Sees, Violence, and the Initiation of the Great Western Schism (1378), 107–65. BRILL, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004165601.i-267.12.
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Mitchell, Peter. "North America III: West of the Rockies." In Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.003.0011.
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This chapter looks at three more regions of North America: the Columbia Plateau and adjacent areas of the Pacific Northwest Coast; the Great Basin; and California. It also focuses on three main themes: the development of new identities as many groups adapted aspects of the lifestyle and customs of those on the Plains and more coherent tribal entities emerged; raiding for captives; and raiding for horses. A fourth topic, which casts these into relief, is why some groups rejected the horse, or chose to adopt it very late in their history. The Great Basin was the first of the three areas to receive the horse. It is an arid region of desert, salt lakes, and mountains where rainfall is unpredictable and low, but increases eastward (Plate 15). Except for the Colorado along its southern edge and the headwaters in the rockies of streams draining towards the Missouri, none of its rivers reach the sea. Fremont farmers had once made a living across Utah, but by the 1600s cultivation was restricted to a few groups in the south and west. Elsewhere, the Basin’s inhabitants depended entirely on hunting and gathering, though strategies like burning enhanced the productivity of wild plants and game. Very broadly, two subsistence patterns were followed: one emphasized fish and waterfowl around wetlands, the other a more mobile, broadly based foraging economy in deserts and mountains in which pine nuts (piñons), grass seeds, rabbits, and larger game were important. Except for the Washoe near Lake Tahoe in eastern California, all the region’s historic inhabitants spoke Numic languages. Major groups included Utes in the southeast, Shoshones in the north and centre, and Paiutes in the west and southwest. To the north of the Great Basin lies the Plateau, centred on the Columbia River and its tributaries, which collectively send their waters into the Pacific Ocean (Plate 16). Coniferous forest covers its northern and eastern parts (including several ranges running parallel to but west of the Rockies), but the drier, hilly country of Oregon and eastern Washington is more steppe-like, with sagebrush common and trees more localized.
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Brady, Lindy. "The ‘dark Welsh’ as slaves and slave raiders in Exeter Book riddles 52 and 721." In Writing the Welsh Borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784994198.003.0004.
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Chapter three argues that a group of Old English riddles located in the borderlands between Anglo-Saxon England and Wales reflect a common regional culture by depicting shared values of a warrior elite across the ostensible Anglo-Welsh divide. These riddles, which link the ‘dark Welsh’ to agricultural labour, have long been understood to depict the Welsh as slaves and thus reflect Anglo-Saxon awareness of both ethnic and social division. Drawing upon understudied Welsh legal material, this chapter argues that these riddles have a multilayered solution in which the Welsh are both slaves and slave traders, complicating readings of negative Anglo/Welsh relations. This polysemic solution reveals that the Welsh, like the Anglo-Saxons, were stratified by class into the enslaved and a warrior elite with less distance from the Anglo-Saxons than has been understood. The location of these riddles on the mearc further characterises the Welsh borderlands in the early period as a distinctive region which was notorious for cattle raiding. These riddles counter the common perception that the Welsh borderlands were defined by Offa’s Dyke, suggesting that this region is better understood as a space which both Anglo-Saxons and Welsh permeated on raids.
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Malinoshevska, Kateryna. "STRATEGY OF STATE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-33.
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The purpose of agricultural enterprises is to improve the quality of domestic products, their competitiveness, food security, development of genetics and breeding, reproduction of land fertility, digitalization, which is impossible without economic transformation, management decisions, the introduction of technological processes for the long-term development of agriculture. The agro-industrial complex plays an important role in the development of the economy as a whole and performs a social function, ensures food security of regions and employment of people living in rural areas, so the quality of life depends on the formation of economic development of agriculture. Methodology. A scientific approach to solving problems allows to model possible situations and avoid negative consequences due to incorrect strategic policy of the organization. Construction of a matrix of strategic qualitative analysis based on methodological approaches to assessing the characteristics, properties of enterprise development strategy and implementation of economic development strategies for agricultural enterprises based on the use of analysis, which provides priority identification of strengths and weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats, languages that can be used to formulate the strategy of agricultural enterprises, is an important step in building a strategy. Results. In a competitive market, it is impossible to succeed by providing low-quality services or offering low-quality goods. Before developing business management processes, it is necessary to develop a functional strategy. Strategic analysis, which gives a realistic assessment of their own resources and capabilities in relation to the state and needs of the environment for agricultural enterprises and helps to make a rational choice of strategies from a variety of options. Practical implications. Strategies at any level usually do not have the resources or ability to use resources in a way that provides full confidence in success. Therefore, during the qualitative strategic analysis, in our case, we have determined that the miscalculations in the opening of the land market (no restrictions for buyers, price formation, protection mechanisms against speculative resale of land), war, political and economic crisis in Ukraine, miscalculations in the regulation of the industry, deterioration of land quality, loss of land value due to the development of alternative production, further decline in margins, degradation of the sector, loss of yield potential due to soil degradation resulting from intensive production, raiding, high cash turnover, fraudulent schemes, counterfeiting products, pressure from law enforcement agencies are threats to building an effective strategy for agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to take into account the strengths and weaknesses of agricultural enterprises and on the basis of opportunities to achieve economic growth.