Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Raid numérique'
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Saint-Aimé, Loïc. "Simulation numérique transitoire de la sollicitation cyclique du contact roue-rail." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10227/document.
Full textAs a result of repeated loading induced by train passages, rails are subjected to rolling contact fatigue cracks. Once initiated, cracks could propagate and lead to rail failure. In a context of increased traffic, maintenance policy optimization becomes strategic for railway companies. Thus to define an enhanced planning of maintenance, a better understanding of rail fatigue damage mechanisms is crucial. Under the circumstances, a 3D wheel-rail rolling contact finite element model has been developed in order to reproduce « Head Check » cracks initiation mechanisms. This model allows sequential repeated wheel-rail rolling contact loading. Thus this calculation procedure is used to analyze the influence of plasticity on contact pressure distribution and consequently on residual mechanical fields in the rail during cyclic loading. It is shown that contact conditions evolution during repeated loading must be considered in the first order. The results allowed the identification of potential Head Check cracks initiation zones that correspond to material points on which plastic deformation accumulates significantly. Indeed, there is a correspondence between the « accommodated » principal plastic strain directions and orientation of micro-cracks initiated on rails surface subjected to low cumulative tonnage (0-10MGT). This reinforces the fact that our proposed method is a promising tool for 3D wheel-rail rolling contact fatigue simulation
Ghemires, Mohammed. "Techniques numériques performantes dans le développement de modèles atmosphériques, météorologiques et chimiques couplés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10260.
Full textUne amélioration de la méthode parabolique par morceaux pour la résolution du problème d'advection est présentée. Dans le cas bidimensionnel nous développons une nouvelle méthode: la méthode biquadratique par morceaux, de type volumes-finis, vérifiant les contraintes de conservation de masse et de positivité
Afin d'évaluer l'impact de chaque terme du modèle, nous appliquons les techniques de contrôle optimal à l'étude de sensibilité. Dans le cas où les conditions de régularité nécessaire ne sont pas satisfaites une approximation de l'adjoint discret est présente. L’application à un problème d'optimisation permet de valider le gradient et d'anticiper les problèmes qui peuvent surgir dans le cadre de l'assimilation de données variationelles
L’application des techniques présentées ne peut se faire sans le recours aux techniques de calcul parallèles. Pour la parallélisassions de la partie advection, nous présentons et testons sur Cray t3d une technique hybride basée sur la structure du couplage et les techniques de décomposition de domaines. Quant à la partie cinétique chimique, d'abord nous utilisons une stratégie d'équilibre de charge, ensuite une décomposition en sous blocs de même vitesse est utilisée. Vu les performances de cette dernière, nous présentons une nouvelle façon de décomposition pour les équations différentielles ordinaires raides
Garnier, Elodie. "Étude numérique des instabilités de jets baroclines." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0011.
Full textToumi, Moncef. "Modélisation numérique du contact roue-rail pour l’étude des paramètres influençant les coefficients de Kalker : Application à la dynamique ferroviaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1158/document.
Full textThe calculation of normal and tangential forces is important for the dynamic modeling of the railway vehicle-track interaction. To determine the tangential forces at the wheel-rail contact level, the Kalker’s coefficients of stiffness are used in most of computer codes for different contact models. These coefficients were measured on bench several times in the 80s. A survey of these works, conducted by Hobbs, shows a decrease of up to 50 % in value compared to Kalker’s theory. The aim of this thesis is first to identify the real causes of the dispersion observed between the various measurements, usually attributed to the surface contamination, then to develop a model taking into account some of them.The numerical modeling of the wheel-rail contact is presented in two parts. In the first part, a direct boundary element method based on Boussinesq-Cerruti solution is developed to study the normal and sliding contact between two elastic bodies, and then extended to the resolution of rolling contact problem. Successfully applied to the wheel-rail contact for non-Hertzian situation, this method is a promising tool for studying the parameters influencing Kalker’s coefficients which combines both precision and speed.In the second part, a finite element model for rolling contact between wheel and rail is developed to study the normal and the tangential contact problems using the explicit and the implicit integration schemes. The elastic solution is compared with the solution of the CONTACT software. The three-dimensional finite element model takes into account the elastoplastic behavior of the bodies in contact as well as the existence of a third body layer at the interface between the wheel and the rail. Finally, a correction of Kalker’s coefficients is estimated from the results of the numerical simulations.To study the impact of this correction on the critical speed of the vehicle, a stability analysis is performed using the multibody dynamics software VOCO in which the reduced factors of Kalker’s coefficients are considered
Enaux, Cédric. "Analyse mathématique et numérique d'un modèle multifluide multivitesse pour l'interpénétration de fluides miscibles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1048.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of a multivelocity multifluid model recently proposed by Scannapieco and Cheng (SC) to describe the interpenetration of miscible fluids (see Physics Letters A, vol. 299, n. 1, pp. 49-64, 2002). In this document, we begin with presenting the SC model in the context of miscible fluids flows modelling. After that, the mathematical analysis of the model is carried out (study of hyperbolicity, existence of a strictly convex mathematical entropy, asymptotic analysis and diffusion limit). As a conclusion, the system is well-posed. Then, we focus on the problem of numerical resolution of systems of conservation laws with a relaxation source term, because SC model is part of this class. The main difficulty of this task is to capture on a coarse grid the asymptotic behaviour of the system when the source term is stiff. The main contribution of this work lies in the proposition of a new technique, allowing to construct a Lagrangian numerical flux taking in account the presence of the source term. This technique is applied first on the model-problem of a 1D Euler system with friction, and then on the multifluid SC model. In both cases, we prove that the new scheme is asymptotic-preserving and entropic under a CFL-like condition. The 2D extension of the scheme is done using a standard alternate directions method. Some numerical results highlight the contribution of the new flux, compared with a standard Lagrange plus remap scheme where the source term is processed using an operator splitting
Berthome, Pierre. "Modélisation de l'infiltration en irrigation à la raie : résolutions numérique et analytique : application à l'étude de la conduite des arrosages." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT034H.
Full textZouaoui, Marouene. "Etude numérique et caractérisations expérimentales d’un matériau architecturé issu de la fabrication additive." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0035.
Full textA trajectory structuring method in additive manufacturing makes it possible to develop architectured materials capable of responding to predefined functionalities. In this thesis, we are interested in the modeling of an architectured material obtained by fused filament fabrication. Previous experimental studies in the field of fracture report a gain in structural rigidity and an increase in fracture toughness thanks to this structuring method. Tensile tests were carried out with different filaments orientations in order to study the effect on the behavior of the structure. They show that the elastic behavior of the architectured material is quasi-isotropic. However, anisotropy is observed at its elastic limit and tensile strength. Following this first stage of investigation, we propose a first Finite Element model based on local references assignment in mesh elements. During this research, the mechanical behavior was modeled using a transverse isotropic law in the elastic domain and a Hill criterion to describe its anisotropic yielding. This model is proven able of simulating the tensile behavior without calculating the porosity nevertheless it is insufficient to predict the rigidity enhancement. An analysis of the deposition trajectories correlates the effect of the trajectories crossings on the structural rigidity at a mesoscopic scale. A last digital model was thus configured to incorporate the effect of the structured trajectories on the mechanical behavior
Camier, Cédric. "Modélisation et étude numérique des vibrations non-linéaires de plaques circulaires minces imparfaites : application aux cymbales." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005022.
Full textChapteuil, Eric. "Matériaux numériques tribologiques pour un système de freinage ferroviaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI112/document.
Full textThe increase of the rail speed imposes the improvement of the braking performances related to the friction materials used in brake pad and brakes shoes. However, wear remains a limiting point in terms of performance but also safety. It has the effect of damaging the materials (mechano-thermal aspects) but also to contaminate the contact between wheel and rail by particles of brake shoes that can electrically isolate it (mechanical-electrical aspects). The method for locating the trains, whose principle is the electrical conduction between wheel and rail, is then compromised.These issues are governed by the different contacts (wheel/rail, wheel/shoes, ...) that fit into the concept of tribological triplets. These are composed of the bodies in contact (first bodies), the interface (third body) and the mechanism that keeps them in contact. In order to understand the phenomena occurring within the contacts, a local multi-physics analysis and a decoupling of the parameters (mechanical, thermal, electrical) are necessary. However, this is difficult to establish experimentally, numerical modeling by discrete elements method is then relevant for these needs.The dynamic flow of a third body consisting of braking particles and the degradation of a real braking material (following imaging methods) are modeled. The results obtained made it possible to understand the competitions existing between physical parameters on the one hand (mechanical, electrical, thermal) and scale parameters on the other hand (local, global). These competitions tend to minimize the electrical resistance when the constituents are in adequate proportion (better electrical conduction between wheel and rail) but also to balance the flows of the tribological track, which leads to protect the materials (controlled wear). In addition, the numerical analyzes made it possible to highlight new parameters related to "spreading" of the third body and to apprehend the key points making it possible to approach a real contact
Salles, Christian. "Analyse microphysique de la pluie au sol : mesures par spectro-pluviomètre optique et méthodes statistiques d'analyse spectrale et de simulation numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10241.
Full textCheng, Peng. "Numerical simulations for rain-wind-induced vibration." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066722/document.
Full textA fluid structure instability phenomenon frequently occurs in the subcritical Reynolds regimes multiphase flow system, and rain--wind-induced vibration (RWIV) is taken as an example in civil engineering to characterize the aeroelastic instability caused by fluid-structure interactions. RWIV is hypothesized to be a new type of vibration; regularly accompanied by two significant phenomena: the circumferentially vibrating upper rivulet and the Von Karman vortex shedding frequency shift to a much lower value compared with the convectional evaluation; and customarily observed from the stay cables of cable--stayed bridge. Due to the complicated interactions mechanisms in the liquid-gas-solid system, the mechanism of RWIV has not been thoroughly solved and recognized by the previous researchers. Most have focused on the research topic from the field observation, the analytical dynamic model, and the wind tunnel experiment aspects, but rarely on numerical investigation aspect. To develop a systematic numerical framework, including the separated model, the semi-coupled model, the coupled model, and the multiphase multi-scale model (MMM) distinguished by different ways to simulate the rain effects when RWIV occurs, to establish highly accurate and precise numerical model for RWIV, and to recognize and clarify the mechanism of RWIV, various numerical investigations have been made in this thesis.To simulate the rain effects as an artificial rivulet (fixed/moving solid attaching/oscillating along the circumference of stay cable) when RWIV occurs, the separated method is implemented based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in combination with the monotone integrated large eddy simulation (MILES) to evaluate the sub-grid stress terms. The effects of various artificial rivulet positions along the circumference of stay cable on the vortex shedding structure behind the cable, pressure distribution around the cable, and the aerodynamic force of the cable are analyzed. However, investigations indicate the positions of artificial rivulet along the circumference of cable extremely weakly affect Von Karman vortex shedding frequency near the wake of the cable.To capture the dynamic rainwater morphology evolution, the semi-coupled model simplifies the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the lubrication theory on the assumption that a thin water film surrounding around the cable. The investigations indicate the rainwater gathers at the locations near the separation points, and forms two symmetrical rivulets along the circumference of cable. However, both the circumferentially vibrating upper rivulet and the frequency shift phenomena accompanying RWIV cannot be solved and explained detailedly and clearly. To improve the semi-coupled model on tracking the rainwater morphology evolution, volume-of-fluid (VOF) method combined with incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is employed in the coupled model. Both the high-nonlinear rainwater rivulets evolution along the circumference of cable and the aerodynamic characteristics of stay cable can be obtained and analyzed. The results indicate rainwater rivulet are formed near the separation points along the circumference of cable; the negative pressure zone along the circumference of cable provides a prerequisite for the formation of upper rivulet. However, the computational efficiency is reduced due to the smaller droplets scatter in the surrounding air, furthermore, the assumptions, surrounding the stay cable with the constant volume of rainwater, cannot reflect the real physical conditions (i.e., rain infall process) and cannot obtain the real aerodynamic force from physical aspect
El, Mahi Imad. "Schémas volumes finis pour la simulation numérique de problèmes à fronts raides en maillages non structurés adaptatifs." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES019.
Full textNafi, Adelhak. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement mécanique de moules d'injection de plastique obtenus par le procédé de Stratoconception." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30018.
Full textThis research is a contribution to the study of behaviour of the brazed assemblies intended for the realization of injection mould of thermoplastics obtained by the stacking of elementary steel sheets, machined then brazed together. Mechanical tests have been carried out, in order to characterize the brazed assembly under the brazing configuration regarded as favourable. An elastoplastic behaviour with isotropic work hardening of the braze material was identified using a least-squares method, based on experimental results and on finite-elements calculations. The 3D elastic behaviour within the brazing joint was studied, under various loading conditions, so as to predict the conditions for plastification of the joint. Last, a numerical study of the geometrical parameters of a brazed assembly was carried out to evaluate the stress distribution within the brazing joint (under pure shear and traction loadings, respectively)
Alarcón, Díez Víctor. "Development of charged particle detection systems for materials analysis with rapid ion beams : large solid angle detectors and numerical nuclear pulse processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066489/document.
Full textThis thesis presents new developments in charged particle detection and digital pulse processing for application in analysis with fast ion beams - Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). In particular a charged particle detector array, consisting of 16 independent charged particle detectors on a single silicon chip is implemented giving an overall solid angle of detection around two orders of magnitude greater than the standard charged particle detectors used in IBA. Sixteen parallel data acquisition channels are implemented using a fully digital approach for nuclear pulse processing. The overall system has an energy resolution equivalent to that of standard detectors. The large amount of data generated is handled in a self-consistent way by spectrum fitting with a simulated annealing algorithm via the NDF DataFurnace. The large solid angles thus achieved are exploited in Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and ion channelling studies of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 enriched in Fe, in view of studies of the thermo-electric effect, spintronics and quantum computing, and in RBS and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) studies of organic photovoltaic materials based on tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) as the photo-absorber and transition metal oxide charge injectors
Desnos, Karol. "Memory Study and Dataflow Representations for Rapid Prototyping of Signal Processing Applications on MPSoCs." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0004/document.
Full textThe development of embedded Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications for Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs) is a complex task requiring the consideration of many constraints including real-time requirements, power consumption restrictions, and limited hardware resources. To satisfy these constraints, it is critical to understand the general characteristics of a given application: its behavior and its requirements in terms of MPSoC resources. In particular, the memory requirements of an application strongly impact the quality and performance of an embedded system, as the silicon area occupied by the memory can be as large as 80% of a chip and may be responsible for a major part of its power consumption. Despite the large overhead, limited memory resources remain an important constraint that considerably increases the development time of embedded systems. Dataflow Models of Computation (MoCs) are widely used for the specification, analysis, and optimization of DSP applications. The popularity of dataflow MoCs is due to their great analyzability and their natural expressivity of the parallelism of a DSP application. The abstraction of time in dataflow MoCs is particularly suitable for exploiting the parallelism offered by heterogeneous MPSoCs. In this thesis, we propose a complete method to study the important aspect of memory characteristic of a DSP application modeled with a dataflow graph. The proposed method spans the theoretical, architecture-independent memory characterization to the quasi-optimal static memory allocation of an application on a real shared-memory MPSoC. The proposed method, implemented as part of a rapid prototyping framework, is extensively tested on a set of state-of-the-art applications from the computer-vision, the telecommunication, and the multimedia domains. Then, because the dataflow MoC used in our method is unable to model applications with a dynamic behavior, we introduce a new dataflow meta-model to address the important challenge of managing dynamics in DSP-oriented representations. The new reconfigurable and composable dataflow meta-model strengthens the predictability, the conciseness and the readability of application descriptions
Maldonado, Marc. "VIBRATIONS DUES AU PASSAGE D'UN TRAMWAY : MESURES EXPÉRIMENTALES ET SIMULATIONS NUMERIQUES." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356222.
Full textMouawad, Grace. "Modélisation et méthodologie de conception d'un four de traitement thermique rapide." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0110.
Full textDuring the rapid thermal processing (RTP) of thin film photovoltaic cells, the temperature of the latter has to follow a preset time evolution profile, while keeping spatial uniformity of the wafer. The aim of this study is to propose a design methodology of RTP furnace in order to obtain the quality of the required heating cycle.A thermal modeling is performed based on the component interaction network approach to predict the thermal behavior of the furnace. Flux plane approximation and semi-transparent thin layer approximation are used to calculate the direct exchange factor. The plating algorithm is then applied to calculate the transfer factor. The thermal model developed is validated experimentally on a furnace of small dimensions. A methodology to design a RTP furnace is proposed taking into account the dynamic aspect of the thermal conditions of the furnace. An optimization using the genetic algorithm is performed in order to find emitter dispositions. For each tested configuration, the optimal input power distribution over the emitters at each time step is found by using real time dynamic programming. Finally, the methodology is applied for the design of RTP furnace for the heat treatment of thin film photovoltaic cells of 30 × 60 cm2. Test results confirm the validity of the methodology proposed
Gnelecoumbaga, Souleymane Ambogou. "Analyse asymptotique et couches limites des problèmes de contact." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4005.
Full textSoua, Brahim. "Étude de l'usure et de l'endommagement du roulement ferroviaire avec des modèles d'essieux non-rigides." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529512.
Full textZhang, Xiaoyan. "Cross-industry digital innovation in asset maintenance : a phenomenon-based exploratory case study." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDL0051.
Full textA phenomenon-based exploratory case study Abstract This thesis captures, describes, documents, and conceptualize an unexplored yet significant phenomenon, cross-industry digital innovation, by cross-fertilizing the asset maintenance in aviation and rail freight industries. Rail is the most energy-efficient and low-emitting freight transport mode. However, the status quo of rail freight wagon maintenance in Europe presents a state of inefficiency and lack of intelligence. With the rapid development of digital technologies, condition-based and predictive maintenance represent an excellent opportunity to yield a big efficiency leap in wagon maintenance, thus potentially making rail freight transport competitive and sustainable. This thesis argues that how to leverage digital technologies to benefit rail freight wagon maintenance is not only a technical problem of how to make good use of digital technology to improve maintenance efficiency, but also a strategic problem of how to innovate business model to generate value growth for rail freight industry. When solving such complex practical problems, sometimes the best ideas come from outside your industry. As initiated by the Aero-Ferro Benchmark project, learning the best practice from aviation will contribute to rail freight success. Thus, this thesis aims to theoretically conceptualize how to carry out cross-industry digital innovation in asset maintenance, and to practically solve the problem of what rail freight can learn from the aviation industry. In this respect, this thesis reviews relevant theories in the field of innovation and strategy aiming to find theoretical support. However, based on the knowledge gaining from literature, it is found that cross-industry digital innovation is such an infant field that no well-established and well-fitting theory could directly help define, analyze and address this complex issue. This motivates us to conceptualize a new theoretical framework to explain this emerging phenomenon. To achieve this purpose, this thesis conducts an exploratory case study on digital innovation in asset maintenance in aviation and rail freight industries. We start from determining a preliminary asset maintenance system framework from two sub-system (technical system and business system) to guide the phenomenon-based theorizing. Then, an abductive reasoning and system combing approach is followed, together with literature review and case study as the main research methods. Findings from case study on the technical system argue that the maintenance strategy of rail freight wagons will undergo an imperative paradigm shift from preventive to predictive, especially in terms of utilizing digital technology and data management. Thus, a technical architecture of condition monitoring based predictive maintenance for rail freight wagons is proposed in this thesis. For the business system, this thesis analyzes the changing roles of main actors in this emerging digital maintenance landscape and the evolution of their business models in wagon maintenance ecosystem, forecasting the potential business model innovation of rolling stock(wagon) OEMs, cargo rail operators and wagon keepers. In doing so, this thesis offers insightful theoretical and practical contributions. First, this thesis contributes to advancing the theory building in cross-industry digital innovation. A phenomenon-based cross-industry digital innovation strategy framework is developed. Second, this thesis contributes to guiding the problem-solving strategy of digital innovation in wagon maintenance in rail freight industry
Le, Meillour Françoise. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la contribution des eaux de surface et de subsurface à la formation des crues : conséquences sur l'hydrogramme d'un bassin versant (application au Real Collobrier)." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694046.
Full textReese, Daniel. "La modélisation des oscillations d'étoiles en rotation rapide." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123615.
Full textBeust, Hervé. "Dynamique interne du disque protoplanétaire autour de l'étoile beta Pictoris." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725138.
Full textBen, Slimene Erij. "Modélisation de l’impact des hétérogénéités lithologiques sur les écoulements préférentiels et le transfert de masse dans la zone vadose d’un dépôt fluvioglaciaire - Application à un bassin d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI035/document.
Full textAn infiltration basin is a stormwater best management practice (BMP) designed to infiltrate runoff volumes in urban areas. Nevertheless, preferential flow paths in the underlying soil may cause rapid migration of pollutants, thus contributing to groundwater contamination. Understanding the coupling between preferential flow processes in the vadose zone and geochemical mechanisms is then required. This thesis is a part of the follow-up of an infiltration basin for several decades of exploitation. The study site was settled over a highly heterogeneous glaciofluvial deposit covering much of the Lyon region. The investigation of an excavated section of the basin (13.5m long and 2.5m deep) pointed out a specific regionalization of pollution in the soil. This research is based on a numerical study to identify the origin of such a pollutant pattern and link this with preferential flow resulting from lithological heterogeneities. Different lithofacies were fully characterized regarding their hydraulic, hydrodispersive and geochemical properties. The numerical study proves that the high contrast in hydraulic properties triggers the establishment of preferential flow (capillary barriers and funneled flow). Preferential flow develops mainly for low initial water contents and low fluxes imposed at surface. The role of each lithofacies and architecture of deposit (stratification and inclusions) is clearly identified. The impact of such flows on non-reactive transfers is then investigated by combining the influence of preferential flow and pore water fractionation info into mobile and immobile fractions, resulting from the intrinsic heterogeneity within each lithofacies. Finally, these physical processes are coupled to the geochemical reactivity for a pollutant model (copper), taking into account the differential reactivity of lithofacies. These results generate a conceptual model of preferential flow and mass transfer in strongly heterogeneous media
Poujol, Julie. "Techniques d'acquisitions et reconstructions IRM rapides pour améliorer la détection du cancer du sein." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0143/document.
Full textBreast cancer is nowadays the first cause of female cancer and the first cause of female death by cancer. Breast MRI is only performed in second intention when other imaging modalities cannot lead to a confident diagnosis. In high risk women population, breast MRI is recommended as an annual screening tool because of its higher sensitivity to detect breast cancer. Breast MRI needs contrast agent injection to visualize enhancing lesions and the diagnosis is mostly based on morphological analysis of these lesions. Therefore, an acquisition with high spatial resolution is needed. Despite the use of conventional MRI acceleration techniques, the volume of data to be acquired remains quite large and the temporal resolution of the exam is around one minute. This low temporal resolution may be the cause of the low specificity of breast MRI exam. Breast MRI with higher temporal resolution will allow the use of pharmacokinetic models to access physiological parameters and lesion specifications. The main aim of this work is to develop a MRI sequence allowing a flexible use of the acquired data at the reconstruction stage. On the one hand, the images can be reconstructed with a conventional reconstruction like the protocol used in clinical routine. On the other hand, the new MRI sequence will also allow the reconstruction of images with a higher temporal resolution allowing the use of pharmacokinetic models. The development of this sequence was done by modifying the acquisition order in the Fourier domain. A random acquisition of the Fourier domain will allow the reconstruction of sub-sampled domains acquired faster. We paid attention to fat suppression efficiency with this new Fourier domain acquisition order. Tests were performed on phantom, female volunteers and patients. These tests showed that the random acquisition did not impact the quality of images (MRI signal and lesion morphology) obtained by conventional reconstruction thus allowing the conventional diagnosis. The reconstructions of the sub-sampled Fourier domains were made using Compressed Sensing reconstructions to remove sub-sampling artifacts. These reconstructions were developed and tested on digital phantoms reproducing breast MRI. The potential of this new MRI acquisition was tested on an artificial enhancing breast lesion developed especially for this purpose
Jbily, Dalia. "Prise en compte de l’usure dans la modélisation du comportement sous charge des engrenages roues et vis tangentes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI037/document.
Full textWorm gears are one of the technical devices for transmitting torque between spatial crossed axes. They provide a simple and cost effective solution in power transmission applications, where a high reduction ratio is required. Comparable conventional parallel axis gearing would normally require two or three stages to achieve the same reduction, with a consequent increase in complexity and number of parts. Surface wear is one of the failure modes observed in life worm gear sets which affects the contact patterns, the other transmission characteristics and the resultant noise. The first step of this work is the development of a numerical model to study provide the quasi-static behavior of worm gears with bronze wheel and steel worm. The model is based on solving of the equation of displacement compatibility and the influence coefficient method. The global effects of bending and local effects of contact are separated. The contact effects are obtained with the theory of Boussinesq. Bending effects are estimated by the combination of one standard FEM computation and interpolation functions. These methods allow, on the one hand, to take into account the environment of the gear (shaft shape, rim, web, bearing location ...) and on the other to reduce significantly the computation time. In a second step, a methodology is proposed for predicting the wear of the wheel tooth surface. In this process, a quasi-static contact model of the load distribution is combined with Archard's wear model. This model assumes that the wear depth is directly proportional to the contact pressure and sliding distance and inversely proportional to the hardness of the material. The wear law is modified to take into account the influence of the lubrication conditions using a local wear coefficient, depending on the lubricant film thickness, relative to the amplitude of surface roughness. Removal of material by wear on the wheel flank affects the pressure distribution, therefore the changes in teeth must be included in the prediction of wear. The calculation of contact pressures must also be updated to take into account the modification of the gear flank geometry. The last step concerns the validation of the numerical. Comparisons have been carried out between the model results and experimental ones issued from the bibliography
Popa, Emil Horia. "Algorithms for handling arbitrary lineshape distortions in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716176.
Full textLogerais, Pierre-Olivier. "Étude du chauffage d'un substrat de silicium dans un système thermique rapide (RTP : Rapid Thermal Process)." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00797638.
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