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Kratz, Jeremy D., Sam Joseph Lubner, Noelle K. LoConte, Monica Arun Patel, Nataliya Volodymyrivna Uboha, Dyan M. Lesnik, Sara Ahmed, et al. "Metastatic bulk to predict subclonal heterogeneity by ctDNA in RAS/RAF-wildtype colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.186.
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186 Background: Distinct molecular subgroups of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been afforded with use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as standard in clinical practice for advanced disease. We have previously demonstrated that disease bulk predicts clinical resistance to EGFR inhibition in RAS/RAF-wildtype (WT) CRC. We hypothesized bulky disease would predict advanced subclonal heterogeneity by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Methods: Following IRB-approval, a retrospective review of molecular profiles in advanced CRC (n = 965) were compiled from the Veteran Administration’s (VA) National Precision Oncology Program (NPOP) and University of Wisconsin Precision Medicine Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). Disease bulk was defined as the longest diameter of metastatic disease or short axis for advanced lymphadenopathy. Molecular profiling was performed using commercially available platforms including Strata Oncology (MTB) and FoundationOne (NPOP). Bulky was compared as categorical (> 35 cm) and continuous variable against the count of pathologic variants. Results: The population was largely representative of advanced CRC with alterations in TP53 (80.5%), KRAS (44.8%), PIK3CA (22.0%) and BRAF (12.8%). Veterans had increased frequency of alterations in PIK3CA (22.7% v. 13.0%, p < 0.02) and BRAF (13.3% v. 6.9%, p < 0.05). There was no difference in metastatic bulk at the time of NGS for tissue biopsy between MTB and NPOP populations (t = 0.80). Disease bulk did not predict the number of pathologic variants from tissue sampling in RAS/RAFWT CRC (n = 96, t = 0.24). RAS/RAFMT cancers had increased frequency of subclonal alterations by ctDNA (9.1±4.0) v. RAS/RAFWT (4.5±3.4, p < 0.0001). Using ctDNA, bulky disease in RAS/RAFMT CRC was not predictive of increased pathologic variants (8.8±3.5 v. 9.5±4.8, t = 0.62). Bulky disease (> 35mm) in RAS/RAFWT CRC predicted increased subclonal variants (6.2±3.6 v. 3.5±2.9, p < 0.02). As a continuous variable, disease bulk predicted the number of pathologic variants in RAS/RAFWT CRC (R = 0.51). Conclusions: These data indicate that metastatic bulk is a predictor of subclonal heterogeneity by ctDNA in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Molecular profiling of tissue alone did not predict differences in subclonal heterogeneity when stratified by disease bulk in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Limited subclonal heterogeneity in non-bulky cancers support ongoing prospective investigations to select non-bulky cancers for early incorporation of anti-EGFR inhibition (NCT04587128).
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Hananto, Agus, and Didin Wahidin. "Aplikasi Proximity Sensor Pada Mesin Rajut Datar Semi Otomatis Berbasis Komputer." Texere 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53298/texere.v19i2.04.
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Perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat dengan adanya alih teknologi 4.0 pada industri tekstil khususnya pada produksi kain rajut. Kain rajut diproduksi menggunakan mesin rajut salah satunya adalah mesin rajut datar semi otomatis. mesin rajut datar semi otomatis yang ada di politeknik sttt bandung, dapat memproduksi kain rajut dengan lebar 80 - 100 cm. Pada produksi kain rajut yang menggunakan mesin rajut datar, sering terjadi cacat bolong yang disebabkan oleh benang putus pada jarum rajut. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan produksi kain rajut menjadi tidak maksimal, karena mesin sering berhenti tiap kali benang putus. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perancangan dan pembuatan sensor cacat bolong pada kain rajut pada mesin rajut datar semi otomatis. Pendeteksi cacat bolong kain rajut menggunakan sensor LDR, kemudian variable nilai output sensor diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler, dari mikrokontroler menghasilkan trigger untuk menyalakan alarm, menghitung jumlah cacat, serta menghentikan mesin. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas atau mutu kain rajut, mengetahui efisiensi mesin serta dapat mengaplikasikan salah satu penerapan dari teknologi 4.0 dalam hal sistem kontrol otomatis berbasis komputer pada proses pembuatan kain rajut pada mesin rajut datar semi otomatis.
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Munandar, Taufik, Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra, and Wiah Wardiningsih. "STUDI PENGUKURAN KONSTANTA DIELEKTRIK KAIN RAJUT PAKAN POLIESTER DAN KATUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KAPASITANSI PERANGKAT KAPASITOR PLAT SEJAJAR." Jurnal Kumparan Fisika 3, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jkf.3.3.223-231.
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Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan penentuan konstanta dielektrik material kain rajut pakan menggunakan metode kapasitansi perangkat kapasitor plat sejajar. Kain rajut pakan telah dibuat dengan menggunakan mesin rajut datar Stoll tipe CMS 530HP. Enam sampel kain rajut poliester dan katun telah dibuat pada mesin rajut terkomputerisasi dengan kerapatan yang berbeda-beda. Terdapat tiga jenis kerapatan kain rajut yang telah dibuat pada penelitian ini. Pengukuran kapasitansi terdiri dari perangkat mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan susunan seri resistor-kapasitor (RC). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kain rajut katun NP10 memiliki konstanta dielektrik yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kain poliester pada struktur kain yang sama. Hasil menunjukan korelasi yang cukup baik antara hasil prediksi dan eksperimen pada pengukuran kapasitansi. Terdapat enam bahan dielektrik yang ditentukan dengan hasil dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil berturut-turut yaitu kain rajut katun NP 10 (22,8874 + 4,6388), kain rajut katun NP 11 (21,4717 + 3,8064), kain rajut katun NP 12 (17,8721 + 2,3233), kain rajut poliester NP 10 (9,7751 + 2,4922), kain rajut poliester NP 11 (8,8282 + 0,9360) dan kain rajut poliester NP 12 (8,4358 + 1,1849). Telah ditemukan hubungan antara parameter kerapatan kain kain rajut pakan terhadap nilai konstanta dielektrik terukur. Kata kunci—kain rajut pakan, poliester, katun, kerapatan kain, konstanta dielektrik, kapasitor plat-sejajar. ABSTRACT This paper describes the dielectric measurement of weft knitted fabric using parallel-plate capacitance method. The weft knitted fabric were fabricated using weft knit machine Stoll CMS 530HP. Six different samples of polyester and cotton knitted fabric were fabricated by computerized flat knitting machine. There are consist of three types of density which made on this study. The capacitance measurement were consist of Arduino Uno microcontroller and a series of resistor-capacitor (RC). The result of this research indicates that NP10 cotton knitted fabric has higher dielectric constant than the polyester knitted fabric, with similar structure respectively. There are six fabric dielectric materials that are determined with the results from the largest to the smallest in a row namely NP 10 cotton knitted fabric (22,8874 + 4,6388), NP 11 cotton knitted fabric (21,4717 + 3,8064), NP 12 cotton knitted fabric (17,8721 + 2,3233), NP 10 polyester knitted fabric (9,7751 + 2,4922), NP 11 polyester knitted fabric (8,8282 + 0,9360) and NP 12 polyester knitted fabric (8,4358 + 1,1849). It has been found the correlation between the fabric density and the permittivity of the weft knitted fabric. Keywords—weft knitted fabric, polyester, cotton, fabric density, dielectric constant, parallel-plate capacitor.
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Vasiliev, Vladimir V., and Dmitry N. Afonichev. "Flexibility Justification of a Raft Made of Raft Units." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-146-155.
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In order to provide accident free timber rafting on small and medium-sized rivers, it is necessary to consider in detail the features of ensuring the raft flexibility with all the necessary calculations. The research aims at developing an improved methodology for calculating the parameters that ensure the flexibility of a raft made of flat raft units. The raft flexibility is formed through the optimal interval between flat raft units, which directly affects the flexibility index. The minimum allowable interval between raft units depends on the length of guard rails in the section line: the guard rail laying along the section line convex side and the guard rail laying along the section line concave side. Length of the guard rails in the timber transportation unit will be determined by the minimum turning radius of the rafting course, the section line width, the length of flat raft units and the distance from the raft board to the guard rail. When determining the optimal interval between the flat raft units and the raft flexibility, it is assumed that the section line of flat raft units, regardless of a strong piling current, passes within the raft course dimensions, where the raft course axis coincides with the raft axis, and the flat raft units located between the 1st and the last flat raft units can move freely in the longitudinal direction. We have studied the dependences of the interval between flat raft solid units on the minimum turning radius of the raft course, the section line width and the length of flat raft units, using the proposed methodology for calculating raft flexibility. We have found that with increasing turning radius of the rafting course, the interval between the flat raft units decreases, and the raft flexibility index increases. The interval between flat raft units becomes larger as the width of flat raft units increases and the coefficient of raft section density decreases in this case. As the length of the flat raft unit increases, the interval between flat raft units increases; the coefficient of raft section density decreases.
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Dewantari, Aliya Zhalsabilla, Rendi Alvianto, Cindy Prastia Putri, Marchsyta Dwi Puspasari, Putri Mega Setiawati, and Dewi Puspa Arum. "REBRANDING PRODUK TAS RAJUT TERHADAP UMKM AZZA RAJUT." Community Development Journal : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (June 11, 2022): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v3i2.4651.
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Rebranding merupakan proses mengenalkan suatu produk ke masyarakat dengan cara memberikan nama, logo dalam suatu produk tersebut. Setelah melakukan survei ke Azza Rajut, menemukan beberaa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Azza Rajut yaitu belum memiliki brand yang kuat untuk suatu produknya. Azza Rajut juga kekurangan SDM untuk menyelesaikan produk karena semakin banyak pesanan dan belum adanya legalitas usaha. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut kelompok menyari suatu solusi yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami ole Azza Rajut, mulai dari merancangkan logo, memilih kemasan, membuatkan legaliitas usaha pada Azza Rajut dan melakukan pelatihan untuk mendapatkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) atau karyawan untuk menyelesaikan semua pesanan yang semakin meningkat setiap harinya.
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Sembiring, Yenita. "ANALISIS RUNGGU RAKUT SITELU SUKU KARO SEBAGAI STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNIVERSITAS PRIMA." Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia Prima (BIP) 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/bip.v2i1.873.
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Analisis Runggu Rakut Sitelu Suku Karo Sebagai Strategi Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Prima Indonesia adalah suatu penelitian yang berfokus kepada penggunaan budaya Karo Runggu Rakut Sitelu sebagai satu strategi mengajar yang dapat digunakan oleh dosen dalam proses pembelajaran. Runggu Rakut Sitelu adalah sistem komunikasi dalam kekerabatan suku Karo yangmelibatkan tiga komponen, yaitu kalimbubu, senina dan anak beru (Rakut Sitelu).
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ZAGORSKI, CALISTA. "Raft." Drug and Alcohol Review 30, no. 6 (November 2011): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00387_3.x.
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Kooser, Ted. "Raft." World Literature Today 97, no. 1 (January 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2023.0014.
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Kulai, Ihor, Oleksii Brusylovets, Zoia Voitenko, Simon Harrisson, Stéphane Mazières, and Mathias Destarac. "RAFT Polymerization with Triphenylstannylcarbodithioates (Sn-RAFT)." ACS Macro Letters 4, no. 8 (July 13, 2015): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00329.
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T, Aruna, K. V. S. B. Raju, and Swathi Gowda. "Experimental Investigation of piled raft foundation on Cohesionless Soil." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 02 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9207.
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The combination of piles and raft foundation is known as piled raft foundation. Piled raft foundations have proven to be more cost-effective and capable of meeting safe bearing capacity and serviceability norms in the case of high-rise buildings on cohesionless soil. The behavior of a stacked raft foundation is influenced by the piles, raft, and soil. The stacked raft system’s bearing capacity is improved and settlement is minimized when the ground beneath the raft foundation bears the burden of supporting the applied loads. The piled raft foundation minimizes total settlement and improves bearing capacity more than the raft foundation. When isolated footings cover more than 70% of the building area under a superstructure, raft foundations are used, and the present study focuses on the vertical load bearing capability of piled raft foundation systems on cohesionless soil for concentric loading. The use of strategically positioned piles increases the load capacity of the raft while reducing differential settlement. The present study sheds some light on the use of piles as raft foundation settlement reducers, as well as the behavior of a piled raft in sand. A series of small-scale model experiments were carried out. The present investigation studies by varying pile length and alignment on the ultimate load of piled raft foundation. The results indicate that for a 10mm raft thickness, installing 4 piles, 6 piles, and 9 piles by varying L/D ratios of 5,10,15,20 carries significant load. In this present work for a 50mm length of pile, and the value of load improvement ratio increases by 36 percent, 60 percent, and 68 percent, respectively, when compared to plain raft.
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Han, Ai Hong, and Hui Jun Zheng. "Elasto-Plastic Design of Piled Raft Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.588.
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When the loading sustained by the foundation is large, employing piled raft foundation is one of the best solutions. In the elasto-plastic design of piled raft, piles could improve the differential settlement and reduce raft thickness. As the raft sustains high earth and water pressures, by reducing the span length of raft and excavation depth, one can get economic design. Using elasto-plastic property of the pile is a better method to avoid increasing the pile length and pile diameter and making full capacity of the piled raft foundation in design compared to normal piled raft. With adoption of few small diameter piles, the raft thickness could be reduced significantly. This makes it much better than raft foundation.
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Wang, Wei Yu, and Tuo Zhao. "The Finite Element Analysis of Pile-Raft Foundation after Optimization of the Raft Thickness." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1037.
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The numerical analysis model about pile-raft foundation was bulited by using finite element analysis software.The raft settlement, pile-top counterforce and soil counter force were analyzed by changing the thickness of raft .The thickness were 0.15m,0.20m,0.25m and 0.30m. It was said that it could effectively reduce the raft uneven settlement and realize the redistribution of the pile and soil counterforce by increasing raft thickness.After changing the pile length and the raft thickness The rule of raft settlement were analyzed. After the pile length and thickness of optimization,it was good to control settlement of the pile raft foundation.
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Harder, Thomas, Peter Scheiffele, Paul Verkade, and Kai Simons. "Lipid Domain Structure of the Plasma Membrane Revealed by Patching of Membrane Components." Journal of Cell Biology 141, no. 4 (May 18, 1998): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.141.4.929.
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Lateral assemblies of glycolipids and cholesterol, “rafts,” have been implicated to play a role in cellular processes like membrane sorting, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. We studied the structure of raft domains in the plasma membrane of non-polarized cells. Overexpressed plasma membrane markers were evenly distributed in the plasma membrane. We compared the patching behavior of pairs of raft markers (defined by insolubility in Triton X-100) with pairs of raft/non-raft markers. For this purpose we cross-linked glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), Thy-1, influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), and the raft lipid ganglioside GM1 using antibodies and/or cholera toxin. The patches of these raft markers overlapped extensively in BHK cells as well as in Jurkat T–lymphoma cells. Importantly, patches of GPI-anchored PLAP accumulated src-like protein tyrosine kinase fyn, which is thought to be anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of raft domains. In contrast patched raft components and patches of transferrin receptor as a non-raft marker were sharply separated. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that coalescence of cross-linked raft elements is mediated by their common lipid environments, whereas separation of raft and non-raft patches is caused by the immiscibility of different lipid phases. This view is supported by the finding that cholesterol depletion abrogated segregation. Our results are consistent with the view that raft domains in the plasma membrane of non-polarized cells are normally small and highly dispersed but that raft size can be modulated by oligomerization of raft components.
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Samofalov, Michail, Vytautas Papinigis, and Mantas Tūnaitis. "Mechanical state analysis of different variants of piled rafts." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.01.
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Traditional raft design methods describe unpiled and fully piled rafts. The current paper aims to discuss intermediate raft design variants when the raft is at the same time partially supported by piles and partially rests on the ground. The loading conditions of all variants as well as mechanical properties assumed to be identical, general numerical simulation assumptions are also the same. The task is to analyse the stress and strain state of the raft for all variants (unpiled raft, partially piled raft, fully piled raft), to compare the results and to determine the most rational case. Raft settlements, bending moments and expenses of the materials are compared on the basis of the results.
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Xu, Jinjie, Wei Wang, Yu Zeng, Zhiwei Yan, and Hongtao Li. "Raft-PLUS: Improving Raft by Multi-Policy Based Leader Election with Unprejudiced Sorting." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (May 29, 2022): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061122.
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Raft is a fast, scalable, understandable consensus algorithm widely used in distributed systems. The Leader handles client requests and interacts with other servers to reach a consensus, so a stable, reliable, and powerful Leader is crucial for the cluster. We designed a policy-based voting mechanism to make the elected Leader as reliable as possible. In order to improve the asymmetric relationship between the Followers and Leader, we designed a mechanism to trigger a new round of the election actively so that the Leader node can actively transform into a Follower under certain conditions and enhance the symmetry between servers. Our proposed Raft-PLUS algorithm makes the elected Leader as reliable as possible through four election policies and designed three opposition policies to trigger a new round of the election. To verify the effectiveness of the Raft-PLUS algorithm, we configure different election and opposition policies on 12 servers to simulate the election and opposition process of the Leader and explain the process. To demonstrate the advantages of the Raft-PLUS algorithm, we built key-value stores based on Raft and Raft-PLUS, and we tested the performance of Raft-PLUS and the Raft algorithm in normal and abnormal states. Experimental results show that the Raft-PLUS algorithm has similar write throughput to the Raft algorithm under normal conditions. Regarding the quality of the Leader network changes, the average write throughput of the Raft-PLUS algorithm is 40% higher than that of the Raft algorithm. The Leader’s CPU usage fluctuated; the average write throughput of Raft-PLUS was 38% higher than Raft.
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Melese, Fekadu. "Improved Performance of Raft Foundation Using Detached Pile Columns in Loose Subsoil Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4002545.
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Piles act as settlement reducers in case of connected piled-raft foundation and hence decrease the settlements of the raft. The design concept of the connected piled-raft foundations is to lessen the number of piles and utilize the bearing capacity of the system piled raft. Due to significant straining actions at the pile head-raft connection, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft. A granular layer (cushion) beneath the raft is incorporated. The disconnection has a beneficial effect on reducing axial load compared to connected piles. For small piled rafts, nonconnected piled rafts show less stiffness than connected piled rafts, and the soil is highly stressed and shows greater raft settlement. In the case of the large piled raft, nonconnected piled rafts show greater settlement efficiency. Cushion stiffness was realized to be more substantial for a nonconnected piled raft with shorter piles than one with longer piles. The results show that the load transfer mechanism in a nonconnected piled raft is mainly governed by the thickness and stiffness of the cushion layer and by the stiffness of the subsoil.
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Alnuaim, A. M., H. El Naggar, and M. H. El Naggar. "Performance of micropiled raft in sand subjected to vertical concentrated load: centrifuge modeling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 1 (January 2015): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0001.
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Initial applications of micropiles have involved retrofitting foundations of existing buildings. In these applications, the overall performance of the micropiles–raft (MPR) foundation system is similar to a piled raft foundation where the load is transmitted through both the raft and micropiles. However, there is no guidance available regarding the performance of MPR foundations. In this study, geotechnical centrifuge testing was conducted to investigate the behavior of MPR foundations in sand and evaluate their performance characteristics. The study investigated the effect of raft flexibility on a number of important design parameters, including raft total and differential settlements, raft contact pressure, raft bending moment, and load sharing between the raft and micropiles. In addition, the use of micropiles as settlement reducers was investigated. The results showed that the micropiles carried 42%–59% of the applied load for the MPR configuration considered, which resulted in redistribution of the raft contact pressure. It was found that the Poulos–Davis–Randolph (PDR) method can be used to evaluate the performance of MPR systems with relatively stiff rafts; however, it is not applicable for MPR with flexible raft. A correction factor was proposed to account for the raft flexibility in the PDR method.
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Park, Jong O., and Sung Woo Lee. "Development of inflatable life raft for small vessel." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 39, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2015.39.1.99.
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Bae, Sun-Sik, Sung-Ji Yun, Eun-Kyung Kim, Chi-Dae Kim, Jang-Hyun Choi, and Pann-Ghill Suh. "Molecular Events of Insulin Action Occur at Lipid Raft/Caveolae in Adipocytes." Journal of Life Science 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2007): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2007.17.1.056.
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Alnuaim, A. M., M. H. El Naggar, and H. El Naggar. "Performance of micropiled raft in clay subjected to vertical concentrated load: centrifuge modeling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 12 (December 2015): 2017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0448.
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The overall behavior of a micropiled raft foundation (MPR) system is similar to a piled raft foundation where the load is transferred by both the raft and micropiles. However, there is no guidance available regarding the design of MPRs or indication of their performance. In this study, geotechnical centrifuge testing was conducted to investigate the behavior of MPR foundations in clay and evaluate their performance characteristics. The study evaluated the performance of MPRs compared to the isolated raft in terms of raft total and differential settlements; raft contact pressure; raft bending moment; and load sharing between the raft and the micropiles. The results showed that for the MPR configuration considered in the study, the raft carried 48% of the applied load. It was found that the Poulos–Davis–Randolph (PDR) method can be used to evaluate the performance of MPR for preliminarily design purposes with approximately 17% error.
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Huynh, Hiep Van, Tri Huu Huynh, Truyen Gia Ngo, and Tuan Van Tran. "ESTIMATING THE INTERNAL FORCES OF RAFT IN PILED RAFT FOUNDATION FOR NORMAL AND GROUNDWATER PUMPING CONDITIONS: A CASE STUDY SOC TRANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 42 (February 15, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.42.2021.695.
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Piled raft foundations are widely used in infrastructure built on soft soil to reduce the settlement and enhance bearing capacity. The raft can be used for basements and to share the load. In this paper, Poulos method, in which the raft was cut into many piled strips, was used as an analytical method. The study also used Plaxis2D and SAP 2000 to calculate internal forces for the raft in a piled raft foundation. A case of Vietcombank building with 10 floors and 1 basement, constructed on a soil profile in Soc Trang province, was studied. The piled raft with a 35m×19m×1m (length×width×thickness) raft and 28 piles were used for the analysis. Normaland groundwater pumping conditions were applied for the soil. The results showed that the maximum moment and shear force that occurred in the raft were affected when the groundwater pumping condition was applied to the model. The internal forces of the raft in the piled raft foundation for different conditions were captured,discussed, and presented in this paper.
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Darjanto, Helmy. "FLOATING RAFT-PILE FOUNDATIONS ANALYSIS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATION." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) 7, no. 2 (October 15, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrs.7.2.40-46.2011.
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The numerical simulation of raft-pile foundations subjected to vertical load is presented in this paper. For comparison study, numerical models of single raft and pile groups are completed. The numerical models are adopting the elastic constitutive law for the materials. The stresses and
vertical displacement of the models are observed. The behaviour of the raft-pile foundation compared to the pile-group is then investigated. The results using the same external load show that the raft-pile foundation has smallest displacement compared to the others. In terms of stresses, the
raft shows contribution of the load transfer to the underneath soil as well as the piles. Moreover, the behaviour of the raft-pile system appears to be a combination of the pile-group and the single raft. In order to estimate the bearing capacity of the raft-pile system, it is suggested that the contribution of the raft should be included in addition of the piles’.
Keywords: raft-pile foundation, soil-structure interaction, floating foundation
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Harpito, Harpito, Abdul Hakam, and Rina Yuliet. "STUDI ANALISIS PERILAKURAFT-PILED FOUNDATION BERDASARKAN METODA ELEMEN HINGGA 3D NONLINIER." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) 11, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrs.11.1.1-10.2015.
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Simulasi numerik dengan menggunakan metoda elemen hingga 3D non linier SAP2000 pada raft-piled foundation yang dibebani secara vertikal disajikan dalam makalah ini. Untuk studi perbandingan, model numerik raft foundation dan group pile foundation sudah di teliti sebelumnya. Model numerik yang mengadopsi hukum konstitutif elastis non linier untuk bahan. Beban dan perpindahan vertikal dari model yang diamati. Perilaku raft-piled foundation dibandingkan dengan group pile foundation ini kemudian diselidiki. Hasil dengan menggunakan beban eksternal yang sama menunjukkan bahwa raft-piled foundation memiliki penurunan terkecil dibandingkan dengan yang lain. Dalam hal tagangan, raft menunjukkan kontribusi transfer beban ke tanah di bawahnya kemudian juga pile. Dalam satu sistim raft-piled foundation memiliki sinergity impact. Dalam rangka untuk memperkirakan daya dukung sistem raft-piled foundation, disarankan bahwa kontribusi raft harus dimasukkan dalam penambahan pile. Daya dukung total sistim raftpiled foundation merupakan penjumlahan dari kapasitas masing-masing pile ditambah dengan kapasitas dari raft di atas pile.
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M S, Padmanaban, and J. Sreerambabu. "Issues on Design of Piled Raft Foundation." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 14, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 6057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v14i1.5905.
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A piled raft foundation consists of a thick concrete slab reinforced with steel which covers the entire contact area of the structure, in which the raft is supported by a group of piles or a number of individual piles. Bending moment on raft, differential and average settlement, pile and raft geometries are the influencing parameters of the piled raft foundation system. In this paper, a detailed review has been carried out on the issues on the raft foundation design. Also, the existing design procedure was explained.
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Wang, Xiao Qiang, and Dong Xiao Zhang. "Optimum Design on Raft Foundation with Considering the Interaction of Structure and Foundation and Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1131.
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Using FEM software, ANSYS, in this paper, from analyzing the effect of raft concrete strength and raft thickness on raft foundation, an optimum design was given, which offered the design and calculation of raft foundation a theoretical basis.
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Rahman, Arief, Ferry Fatnanta, and Syawal Satibi. "Analysis of the capability of pile assembly foundations in soft soil in physical modeling of variationsiin laboratory scale distances." astonjadro 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v12i1.8139.
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<p>The capacity of raft foundations, pile foundations and pile rafts on soft soil with variations in the distance between the piles. Perform analysis of the carrying capacity and settlement of each foundation test and then compare the results of the theoretical carrying capacity research with the analysis of carrying capacity calculations. The implementation of the test prepares the test along with samples of the raft foundation, pile foundation and pile raft foundation. The test were carried out using a gradual load then a dial gauge is placed at both ends of the sample raft and the load reading is taken. The pile foundation was tested with a decrease of 10 cm while the settlement on the raft foundation and the pile raft foundation was 3 cm, the carrying capacity of the raft foundation was 24 kg, the pile foundation varied 4D distances; 6D and 8D, namely 7.5 kg and the foundation of the pile raft with variations in 4D distance; 6D and 8D are 26 ; 32 and 32 kg. In the interpretation method, the pile raft foundation with various distances increased from 4D to 6D but decreased in 8D. Pile raft foundations with various distances between pile have not a significant effect where raft foundations are more dominant in supporting resistance than pile foundations.</p>
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Zhang, Zhenli, Haijian Liu, Haitao Tan, Qiangyong Wang, Shang Chao, Xuesong Yang, and Hanbei Guo. "Research on the effects of raft on vibration isolation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2342, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2342/1/012003.
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Abstract The floating raft vibration isolation system includes upper and lower isolators and middle raft. As one of the most important parts that affect the performance of vibration isolation, the raft is usually assumed to be an undamped or viscous damping structure in the analysis, which is different from the actual situation. To study the effects of raft with hysteresis damping characteristics, a three-freedom complex stiffness mechanical model was built, and an approach for calculating the raft's force transmission rate was derived from impedance methods. Based on the mechanical model and a large-sized floating raft, we analysed the effects of raft mass, stiffness and damping on vibration isolation through numerical calculation. Results show that increasing raft mass improved vibration isolation over most frequency ranges; increase in raft stiffness contributed to improved isolation performance over frequency ranges near its low-order natural frequencies, while reduced the performance over higher frequency ranges; and greater raft damping led to enhanced vibration isolation at its natural frequencies and higher frequency ranges.
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Abdurohim, Dindin, Yanti Susila, and Afief Maula Novendra. "STRATEGI BERTAHAN DAN PEMASARAN ONLINE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 UKM KOTA BANDUNG STUDI KASUS USAHA KECIL RAJUT." Kebijakan : Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/kebijakan.v14i1.5860.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis strategi bertahan dan strategi pemasaran online usaha kecil rajut di masa pandemi COVID-19 di Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh dengan mewawancarai pelaku usaha rajut dan pihak terkait sebagai informan kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi COVID-19 berdampak negatif pada usaha kecil rajut di sentra rajut kota bandung. Sebagai Langkah strategi di tengah pandemi, para pelaku bisnis menggunakan strategi bertahan, dengan cara tidak menaikkan harga jual, melainkan mengurangi target keuntungan, dalam strategi pemasaran online pelaku usaha kecil rajut menggunakan strategi : e-commerce, pemasaran digital, peningkatan kualitas produk dan layanan, serta hubungan pelanggan. Implementasi strategi tersebut didorong oleh semangat kewirausahaan, fleksibilitas, tanggap terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan teknologi, serta kemampuan berkolaborasi dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha kecil yang menerapkan strategi bertahan dan pemasaran online mampu bertahan dan meningkatkan kinerja bisnis.
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Prescott, S. W., M. J. Ballard, E. Rizzardo, and R. G. Gilbert. "RAFT in Emulsion Polymerization: What Makes it Different?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 7 (2002): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02073.
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Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques have been the focus of a great deal of recent work, particularly in their application to emulsion polymerization, which is the method of choice for implementing most free-radical polymerizations on an industrial scale. RAFT/emulsion polymerizations have considerable technical potential: to 'tailor-make' material properties, to eliminate added surfactant from surface coatings, and so on. However, considerable difficulties have been experienced in using RAFT in emulsion polymerization systems. Here, progress in the application of RAFT techniques to emulsion polymerization is reviewed, summarizing the difficulties that have been experienced and mechanisms that have been postulated to explain the observed behaviour. Possible origins of the difficulties in implementing RAFT in emulsion polymerizations include polymerization in droplets, water sensitivity of some RAFT agents, slow transport of highly hydrophobic RAFT agents across the water phase, and surface activity of some RAFT agents.
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Mu, Linlong, and Maosong Huang. "Analytical Method for Evaluation of Coupled Responses of a Multidirectionally Loaded Pile-Raft Foundation Induced by Tunnelling in Layered Soils." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/540804.
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The tunnelling effect on a pile-raft foundation is usually studied in either the horizontal or vertical direction separately, while, in practice, the responses of a pile-raft foundation induced by tunnelling in the horizontal and vertical directions occur simultaneously. Typically, a pile-raft foundation is usually loaded by vertical and horizontal loads and moments when a tunnel is constructed. Since little effort has been conducted to evaluate the coupled responses of multidirectionally loaded pile-raft foundations subjected to tunnelling, a modified two-stage method is proposed in this paper to evaluate the coupled responses of a multidirectionally loaded pile-raft foundation in layered soil. After careful verification of the method, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate whether it is necessary to consider the influences of tunnelling on a loaded pile-raft foundation from the design stages. Our study showed that it is more necessary to consider the influence of tunnelling on a pile-raft foundation when the working load on the pile-raft foundation is small. When there was only a vertical load working on the raft, the horizontal deformation and the rotation of the raft, as well as any horizontal deformation and moment along the piles, were controlled by tunnelling.
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Jamil, Irfan, Irshad Ahmad, Wali Ullah, Mahmood Ahmad, Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri, and Ali Majdi. "Experimental Study on Lateral and Vertical Capacity of Piled Raft and Pile Group System in Sandy Soil." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 8853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178853.
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In deep foundations, the pile group and the pile raft are generally used. To date, the contribution of the raft is not taken into account in the design, even when the raft is in contact with the soil and the whole system is therefore considered to work as a pile group foundation. In a combined pile raft system, the raft takes a considerable portion of the applied load, depending upon the number of piles, the spacing to diameter ratio of the piles, and the length to diameter ratio. In this paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to study the response of small-scale pile group and piled raft models with a varying number of piles subjected to both vertical and lateral loads. Additionally, the response mechanism of these models to both types of loads is also studied. A comparison was made between these models. It was found that, unlike the pile group, the piled raft provides considerably high stiffness to both types of loads, and the difference between the stiffness of both systems decreases as the number of piles increases. By comparing the response of the piled raft and the pile group with the same number of piles under the same vertical and lateral load, it was concluded that the piled raft response to the lateral and vertical loads was much stiffer than the pile group response. The lateral deflection and the vertical settlement of the piled raft were less than those of the pile group with the same pile configuration. This effective response of the piled raft to the vertical and lateral loads was due to the raft contribution in resisting the vertical and lateral loads. Moreover, with the increase in the number of piles, the vertical and lateral contribution of the raft decreases.
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Poppi, D. P., W. C. Ellis, J. H. Matis, and C. E. Lascano. "Marker concentration patterns of labelled leaf and stem particles in the rumen of cattle grazing bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) analysed by reference to a raft model." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 5 (May 2001): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001317.
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Large (>1600 μm), ingestively masticated particles of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) leaf and stem labelled with 169Yb and 144Ce respectively were inserted into the rumen digesta raft of heifers grazing bermuda grass. The concentration of markers in digesta sampled from the raft and ventral rumen were monitored at regular intervals over approximately 144 h. The data from the two sampling sites were simultaneously fitted to two pool (raft and ventral rumen–reticulum) models with either reversible or sequential flow between the two pools. The sequential flow model fitted the data equally as well as the reversible flow model but the reversible flow model was used because of its greater application. The reversible flow model, hereafter called the raft model, had the following features: a relatively slow age-dependent transfer rate from the raft (means for a gamma 2 distributed rate parameter for leaf 0.0740 v. stem 0.0478 h-1), a very slow first order reversible flow from the ventral rumen to the raft (mean for leaf and stem 0.010 h-1) and a very rapid first order exit from the ventral rumen (mean of leaf and stem 0.44 h-1). The raft was calculated to occupy approximately 0.82 total rumen DM of the raft and ventral rumen pools. Fitting a sequential two pool model or a single exponential model individually to values from each of the two sampling sites yielded similar parameter values for both sites and faster rate parameters for leaf as compared with stem, in agreement with the raft model. These results were interpreted as indicating that the raft forms a large relatively inert pool within the rumen. Particles generated within the raft have difficulty escaping but once into the ventral rumen pool they escape quickly with a low probability of return to the raft. It was concluded that the raft model gave a good interpretation of the data and emphasized escape from and movement within the raft as important components of the residence time of leaf and stem particles within the rumen digesta of cattle.
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Jogiadinata, Evelyn, Paulus Pramono Rahardjo, and Aswin Lim. "Three Dimensional Analysis of Pile-raft Foundations on Clay, Menteng-Jakarta." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v27i1.27923.
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Piled-raft foundation is a combination of pile foundation and raft foundation. Bearing capacity of piled-raft foundation yielded from contribution of both pile capacity and raft capacity. Most of the time, design of pile foundation is assumed that all load is solely carried by pile and the capacity of raft is ignored. In this study, three-dimensional finite element analysis was applied to analyze the load percentage that can be carried by raft. A case study, which is located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, was modeled to investigate this issue. This project was instrumented with two pressure cells where the data were used to verified the model and the load distribution. The analysis results showed good agreement with the measurement data, where the load carried by the raft is around 33-42%.
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Peter-Michael Sack, Kristin Seifert, Anneke Aden, Udo J. Küstner, Marit Feldmann, and Rainer Thomasius. "Screening auf Substanz bezogene Störungen mit dem RAFFT bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen." SUCHT 57, no. 3 (June 2011): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000107.
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Fragestellung: Welche Werte ergeben sich für Sensitivität (Se) und Spezifizität (Sp) des RAFFT-Screening-Fragebogens in Bezug auf Suchtdiagnosen, insbesondere auf Cannabis bezogene Diagnosen? Methodik: Über die RAFFT-Cut-off-Werte wurden die klinischen Diagnosen Schädlicher Gebrauch bzw. Abhängigkeitssyndrom vorhergesagt, Se und Sp wurden über ROC-Analysen ermittelt. Die Stichprobe bestand aus N = 109 Patienten einer psychiatrischen Drogen- und Alkoholambulanz im Alter von 13−33 Jahren (39 % 14−18 Jahre, 45 % 19−25 Jahre alt). Ergebnisse: Der RAFFT-Drogen weist bei 14- bis18-Jährigen eine Se = 100 % und Sp = 54 % für Drogen bezogene Diagnosen und eine Se = 100 % und Sp = 51 % für speziell Cannabis bezogene Diagnosen auf; der RAFFT-Alkohol bei 19- bis 25-Jährige eine Se = 100 % und Sp = 58 % für Alkohol bezogene Diagnosen. Schlussfolgerungen: Derzeit erscheint der RAFFT-Drogen zum Screening auf riskanten Cannabis- bzw. illegalem Drogenkonsum in der Altersgruppe 14 – 18 Jahre als das Instrument der Wahl. Replikationen der hiesigen Befunde an weiteren Stichproben sind allerdings erforderlich.
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Vasoya, Ankur, Sunil Kumar Shah, C. K. Tyagi, Prabhakar Budholiya, and Harish Pandey. "Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Chewable Bi-layered Tablets for Treating Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 4-s (August 15, 2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4-s.4224.
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The purpose of this research work was to formulate raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets of sodium alginate using a raft-forming agent along with gas-generating agents. Tablets were prepared by wet granulation and evaluated for raft strength, acid neutralization capacity, weight variation, % drug content, thickness, hardness, friability and in vitro drug release. Various raft-forming agents were used in preliminary screening. The amount of sodium alginate, amount of calcium carbonate and amount sodium bicarbonate were selected as variables. Raft strength, acid neutralization capacity and drug release at 30 min were selected as responses.Tablets containing sodium alginate were having maximum raft strength as compared with other raft-forming agents. Acid neutralization capacity and in vitro drug release of all factorial batches were found to be satisfactory. Prepared tablets were found to be pharmaceutically equivalent to the marketed product. It was concluded that raft-forming chewable bilayer tablets prepared using an optimum amount of sodium alginate, calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate could be an efficient dosage form in the treatment of gastro oesophageal reflux diseases.
Keywords: Chewable bilayer tablet, Sodium alginate, Raft forming agent, Acid Neutralizing capacity
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Zhu, Xiao-jun, Kang Fei, and Sheng-wei Wang. "Horizontal Loading Tests on Disconnected Piled Rafts and a Simplified Method to Evaluate the Horizontal Bearing Capacity." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (September 16, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3956509.
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Disconnected piled raft (DPR) foundations have been widely adopted as an effective foundation system where the piles are separated from the raft by a granular layer, which can limit the shear forces and moments transmitted between the raft and the piles. Thus, DPR foundations may avoid the problem of horizontal forces, such as those from an earthquake or dynamic loads, which damage the structural connection between the pile head and raft. A series of static horizontal loading tests were carried out on three types of foundation models, i.e., piled raft, disconnected piled raft, and raft alone models, on fine sand using a geotechnical model in a 1 g field. In this paper, the influences of vertical loading and interposed layer thickness were presented and discussed. The results showed that most of the horizontal force was carried by raft/interposed layer friction in the DPR foundation type, and the shear force and moment of the piles were greatly reduced due to the gap between the raft and the heads of the piles. The tested foundations were simulated using a simplified method with theoretical equations derived by making several approximations and assumptions. The simulated results agreed well with the test results.
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Jayalekshmi, B. R., S. V. Jisha, and R. Shivashankar. "Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Tall Reinforced Concrete Chimney with Piled Raft and Annular Raft under Along-Wind Load." Journal of Structures 2013 (October 21, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/859246.
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A three-dimensional (3D) soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of 300 m high reinforced concrete chimneys having piled annular raft and annular raft foundations subjected to along-wind load is carried out in the present study. To understand the significance of SSI, four types of soils were considered based on their flexibility. The effect of stiffness of the raft was evaluated using three different ratios of external diameter to thickness of the annular raft. The along-wind load was computed according to IS:4998 (Part 1)-1992. The integrated chimney-foundation-soil system was analysed by commercial finite element (FE) software ANSYS, based on direct method of SSI assuming linear elastic behaviour. FE analyses were carried out for two cases of SSI (I) chimney with annular raft foundation and (II) chimney with piled raft foundation. The responses in chimney such as tip deflection, bending moments, and base moment and responses in raft such as bending moments and settlements were evaluated for both cases and compared to that obtained from the conventional method of analysis. It is found that the responses in chimney and raft depend on the flexibility of the underlying soil and thickness of the raft.
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Tarigan, Brepin. "Karya Rakut Sitelu." Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni 12, no. 1 (July 16, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v12i1.2515.
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Rakut Sitelu adalah salah satu unsur yang ada dalam konsep Sangkep Nggeluh yang fungsinya untuk menentukan kedudukan seseorang dalam bersosial dan berbudaya kedalam tiga kategori yaitu Sukut, Kalimbubu, dan Anak Beru. Sukut adalah pihak yang menjadi tuan rumah dalam suatu upaca adat istiadat maupun ritual, kalimbubu adalah pihak yang sangat dihormati karena dianggap menjadi perwakilan Dibata (Tuhan) dibumi pemberi tendi dan darah, sedangkan Anak Beru adalah pihak yang mengerjakan pekerjaan sukut dalam upacara adat istiadat maupun ritual. Namun dalam sistem Rakut Sitelu kedudukan tersebut akan berganti melalui proses ertutur sehingga tidak ada kedudukan tetap dan kasta dalam masyarakat Karo. Namun dewasa ini sistem Rakut Sitelu menjadi artifisal karena berbagai pengaruh diantaranya jabatan, ekonomi, dan tantangan hidup. Fenomena tersebut membuat pengkarya merasa perlu menciptakan sebuah kritisi melalui media musik kemasan seni pertunjukan yang digagas dari konsep falsafah hidup masyarakat Karo dengan sumber bunyi dan rhitem dari gendang sarunei dalam kemasan seni pertunjukan dengan durasi pertunjukan lebih kurang 50 menit. Komposisi ini diberi judul “Rakut Sitelu” dan dibagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu Sukut, Kalimbubu, dan Anak Beru. Namun komposisi ini tidak dapat berdiri sendiri-sendiri melainkan terkait antara yang satu dengan bagian lainnya. Masing-masing dalam bagian tersebut mempunyai makna tersendiri yang terkait dengan sistem Rakut Sitelu. ABSTRACTRakut Sitelu is one of the elements contained in the concept Sangkep Nggeluh whose function is to determine the position of a person in a sociable and cultured into three categories Sukut, Kalimbubu, and Anak Beru. Sukut is party to host a customs ceremony and rituals, Kalimbubu is the highly respected because it is considered to be a representative Dibata (God) on earth giver tendi and blood, while the Anak Beru is a party that does the work Sukut ceremonial customs and rituals. However, within the Rakut Sitelu these positions will change through the process ertutur so there is no fixed position and caste in society Karo. But today it is the Rakut Sitelu sytem be artifisal due to various influences such positions, the economy, and the challenges of life. That phenomenon makes composer felt the need to create a critique through packaging music media performance art conceived of the concept of community Karo philosophy of life with the sound source and rhitem of drum sarunei in the packaging art show with performances duration of approximately 50 minutes. This composition was given the title of “Rakut Sitelu” and is divided into three parts, namely Sukut, Kalimbubu, and Anak Beru. However, this composition can not stand alone but bound between the one with the other parts. Respectively in the section has its own meaning related to the raccoon Sitelu system.
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Natalie, Dessyanna, and Sidhi Wiguna Teh. "OMAH RAJUT ASA." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v4i1.17243.
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School of Therapy for Autistic Children is an educational institution ranging from kindergarten (TK), elementary school (SD), junior high school (SMP), and senior high school (SMA) in Jakarta which is devoted to Children with Autism. The background underlying this design is because educational facilities for children with autism are classified as inadequate and have not been able to meet all the educational needs for sufferers so that they can develop their talents and potential, and obtain education that is equivalent to normal children their age. In fact, these children are considered to have no talent and potential that can be developed. Most of the general public has a negative perspective on children with autism. As a result, there are so many children with autism who have talents and potentials that, if developed, can far exceed what normal children have in general. In planning and designing this Special School, it will be interpreted through the concepts of architectural and behavioral psychology. Keywords: Autism, Psychology of Architecture, Jakarta. AbstrakSekolah Terapi Anak Autis Merupakan sebuah lembaga pendidikan mulai dari taman kanak - kanak (TK), tingkat sekolah dasar (SD), sekolah menengah pertama (SMP), dan sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Jakarta yang dikhususkan bagi Anak Penyandang Autisme. Latar belakang yang melandasi perancangan ini yaitu karena fasilitas pendidikan bagi anak autis tergolong belum memadai dan belum dapat memenuhi segala kebutuhan pendidikan bagi penderita agar mereka dapat mengembangkan bakat dan potensi diri, serta memperoleh pendidikan yang setara dengan anak normal seusianya. Faktanya, anak- anak ini dianggap tidak memiliki bakat dan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan. Kebanyakan masyarakat umum memiliki perspektif negatif mengenai anak penyandang autisme. Hasilnya, terdapat begitu banyak anak penyandang autisme yang memiliki bakat dan potensi diri yang apabila dikembangkan, dapat jauh melebihi apa yang dimiliki anak normal pada umumnya. Dalam perencanaan dan perancangan Sekolah Luar Biasa ini akan diinterpretasikan melalui konsep Psikologi arsitektur dan perilaku.
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König, Romy. "Rauft Euch zusammen." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 19, no. 05 (May 2014): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1577335.
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Die Zahl der Herzklappen, die Ärzte über Katheter einsetzen, steigt rasant. Der Eingriff ist für Kliniken äußerst lukrativ. Kardiologen und Chirurgen streiten nach wie vor erbittert um die Hoheit über den Eingriff.
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Гоптарев, S. Goptarev, Васильев, Vladimir Vasilyev, Афоничев, and Dmitriy Afonichev. "Features of inertial characteristics of the raft, including float units of stabilized buoyancy at free movement." Forestry Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4513.
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Nonlinear differential equations are presented that fully describe the process of free acceleration of the raft in the river flow and free braking of the raft in a stationary liquid, and take into account all the main forces of the natural character acting on the raft during movement. Solution of nonlinear differential equations presented at a different direction of external forces on the raft, allowed to establish a number of key dependencies to determine the duration and the desired path during acceleration of the raft in the river flow to the speed of the river and braking of the raft in a stationary liquid until it stops.
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Devlaminck, Dries, Paul Van Steenberge, Marie-Françoise Reyniers, and Dagmar D’hooge. "Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020320.
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A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.
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Huang, Yuan, Xin Jian Feng, Jian Lin Zhang, and Shu Zhi Lin. "Working Mechanism of Two-Phase Varying Stiffness Piled Raft Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.326.
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In this paper, the FEM software ABAQUS is used to analysis the pile-soil load share ratios, load share value of pile side friction and tip resistance for three bases, including natural raft foundation, conventional piled raft foundation and two-phase varying stiffness piled raft foundation. Furthermore, the deformation and settlement of deformation-coordinating device are studied as well. Based on the research of the working characteristic of piles and soil, it highlights the good working mechanism of two-phase varying stiffness piled raft foundation. The analysis results show that two-phase varying stiffness piled raft foundation, with obvious two phase stress characteristics, has a working principle between natural raft foundation and conventional piled raft foundation, fully making use of the bearing capacity of foundation soil, effectively improving the joint bearing capacity of piles and soil.
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Moad, Graeme, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 6 (2005): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch05072.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds [ZC(=S)SR] by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Since we first introduced the technique in 1998, the number of papers and patents on the RAFT process has increased exponentially as the technique has proved to be one of the most versatile for the provision of polymers of well defined architecture. The factors influencing the effectiveness of RAFT agents and outcome of RAFT polymerization are detailed. With this insight, guidelines are presented on how to conduct RAFT and choose RAFT agents to achieve particular structures. A survey is provided of the current scope and applications of the RAFT process in the synthesis of well defined homo-, gradient, diblock, triblock, and star polymers, as well as more complex architectures including microgels and polymer brushes.
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Najm, Aseel S., and Wedad K. Ali. "Preparation and in-Vitro Evaluation of Cinnarizine Raft Forming Chewable Tablets." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i3.623.
Full textAbstract:
Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug and is mainly used to treat symptoms accompanying motion sickness like vomiting and dizziness. It has low and variable bioavailability due to its low water solubility. Cinnarizine (weakly basic drug) is formulated as raft forming
chewable Tablets to allow its complete dissolution at the stomach to be absorbed at the upper part of small intestine. Raft forming chewable Tablets are formulated by direct compression method using sodium alginate or pectin as raft forming agents. The prepared Tablets were evaluated for their pre and post- compression parameters and they have shown desirable results regarding evaluation of hardness, thickness, % friability, weight variation, content uniformity, raft strength, weight and volume, in addition to in-vitro drug release. Out of all the prepared formulas F1 selected as the optimum formula with 488.1mg raft strength and 92.34% drug release after 24hrs that is promising for the formulation of the raft system.
Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug and is mainly used to treat symptoms accompanying motion sickness like vomiting and dizziness. It has low and variable bioavailability due to its low water solubility. Cinnarizine (weakly basic drug) is formulated as raft forming
chewable Tablets to allow its complete dissolution at the stomach to be absorbed at the upper part of small intestine. Raft forming chewable Tablets are formulated by direct compression method using sodium alginate or pectin as raft forming agents. The prepared Tablets were evaluated for their pre and post- compression parameters and they have shown desirable results regarding evaluation of hardness, thickness, % friability, weight variation, content uniformity, raft strength, weight and volume, in addition to in-vitro drug release. Out of all the prepared formulas F1 selected as the optimum formula with 488.1mg raft strength and 92.34% drug release after 24hrs that is promising for the formulation of the raft system.
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Mali, Shivanand, and Baleshwar Singh. "3D Numerical Modeling of Large Piled-Raft Foundation on Clayey Soils for Different Loadings and Pile-Raft Configurations." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 42, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0026.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn a piled-raft foundation, the interaction between structural elements and soil continuum can be simulated very precisely by numerical modeling. In the present study, 3D finite element model has been used to examine the settlement, load-sharing, bending moment, and shear force behavior of piled-raft foundation on different soil profiles for different load configurations and pile-raft configurations (PRCs). The model incorporates the pile-to-soil and raft-to-soil interactions by means of interface elements. The effect of parameters such as pile spacing and raft thickness are also studied. For any soil profile, larger pile spacing is observed to be more efficient in reducing the average settlement and enhancing the load-sharing coefficient. The smaller pile spacing is observed to be efficient in reducing the differential settlement. For any soil profile, the behavior of piled-raft foundation is significantly affected by the PRCs and load configurations. Furthermore, the raft thickness has significant effect on settlement, bending moment, and shears force. Thus, the results of the present study can be used as guidelines for analyzing and designing large piled-raft foundation.
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Kenworthy, Anne K., Benjamin J. Nichols, Catha L. Remmert, Glenn M. Hendrix, Mukesh Kumar, Joshua Zimmerberg, and Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz. "Dynamics of putative raft-associated proteins at the cell surface." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 5 (June 1, 2004): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200312170.
Full textAbstract:
Lipid rafts are conceptualized as membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipid that serve as platforms for protein segregation and signaling. The properties of these domains in vivo are unclear. Here, we use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to test if raft association affects a protein's ability to laterally diffuse large distances across the cell surface. The diffusion coefficients (D) of several types of putative raft and nonraft proteins were systematically measured under steady-state conditions and in response to raft perturbations. Raft proteins diffused freely over large distances (>4 μm), exhibiting Ds that varied 10-fold. This finding indicates that raft proteins do not undergo long-range diffusion as part of discrete, stable raft domains. Perturbations reported to affect lipid rafts in model membrane systems or by biochemical fractionation (cholesterol depletion, decreased temperature, and cholesterol loading) had similar effects on the diffusional mobility of raft and nonraft proteins. Thus, raft association is not the dominant factor in determining long-range protein mobility at the cell surface.
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Hanash, Abeer A. A., Mahmoud D. Ahmed, and Abdulmotalib I. Said. "Effect of Embedment on Generated Bending Moment in Raft Foundation under Seismic Load." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.04.11.
Full textAbstract:
This research shows the experimental results of the bending moment in a flexible and rigid raft foundation rested on dense sandy soil with different embedded depth throughout 24 tests. A physical model of dimensions (200mm*200mm) and (320) mm in height was constructed with raft foundation of (10) mm thickness for flexible raft and (23) mm for rigid raft made of reinforced concrete. To imitate the seismic excitation shaking table skill was applied, the shaker was adjusted to three frequencies equal to (1Hz,2Hz, and 3Hz) and displacement magnitude of (13) mm, the foundation was located at four different embedment depths (0,0.25B = 50mm,0.5B = 100mm, and B = 200mm), where B is the raft width. Generally, the maximum bending moment decreased with increasing the embedment depth from zero to B, by (75%,41%, and 43%) for the flexible raft under (1, 2 and 3) Hz respectively, for the rigid raft the maximum bending moment decreased by (62%, and 37%) under (1and 2) Hz respectively, for 3Hz excitation frequency, the direction of behavior wasn't the same for the case of the rigid raft foundation as the maximum bending moment increased with increasing the embedment depth from zero to (0.25B,0.5B and B) by (142% , 268% and 5%) compared with the surface raft foundation.
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Zhang, Yi, Chengyi Wang, Jingbo Chen, and Futao Wang. "Shape-Constrained Method of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Marine Raft Aquaculture Areas on Multitemporal Synthetic Sentinel-1 Imagery." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051249.
Full textAbstract:
Large-scale and periodic remote sensing monitoring of marine raft aquaculture areas is significant for scientific planning of their layout and for promoting sustainable development of marine ecology. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important tool for stable monitoring of marine raft aquaculture areas since it is all-weather, all-day, and cloud-penetrating. However, the scattering signal of marine raft aquaculture areas is affected by speckle noise and sea state, so their features in SAR images are complex. Thus, it is challenging to extract marine raft aquaculture areas from SAR images. In this paper, we propose a method to extract marine raft aquaculture areas from Sentinel-1 images based on the analysis of the features for marine raft aquaculture areas. First, the data are preprocessed using multitemporal phase synthesis to weaken the noise interference, enhance the signal of marine raft aquaculture areas, and improve the significance of the characteristics of raft aquaculture areas. Second, the geometric features of the marine raft aquaculture area are combined to design the model structure and introduce the shape constraint module, which adds a priori knowledge to guide the model convergence direction during the training process. Experiments verify that the method outperforms the popular semantic segmentation model with an F1 of 84.52%.
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Janas, Teresa, Pawel Janas, Karolina Sapoń, and Tadeusz Janas. "Binding of RNA Aptamers to Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Exosomal miRNAs Transfer from Cancer to Immune Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228503.
Full textAbstract:
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are released into the extracellular space as exosomes after the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. miRNAs are delivered to the raft-like region of MVB by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). RNA loading into exosomes can be either through direct interaction between RNA and the raft-like region of the MVB membrane, or through interaction between an RBP–RNA complex with this raft-like region. Selection of RNA aptamers that bind to lipid raft region of liposomal membranes was performed using the selection-amplification (SELEX) method. The pool of RNA aptamers was isolated, and the binding of this pool to lipid-raft regions was demonstrated. Sequencing of clones from rafted liposome-eluted RNAs showed sequences apparently of independent origin. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the most frequent raft-motifs present within these sequences. Four raft RNA motifs, one of them an EXO motif, have been identified. These motifs appear to be most frequent both in the case of raft RNA aptamers and in the case of exosomal pro-tumoral miRNAs transferred from cancer cells to macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, thus suggesting that the selection for incorporation of these miRNAs into ILVs is based on their affinity to the raft-like region of the MVB membrane.