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Academic literature on the topic 'Rafut'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rafut"

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Kratz, Jeremy D., Sam Joseph Lubner, Noelle K. LoConte, Monica Arun Patel, Nataliya Volodymyrivna Uboha, Dyan M. Lesnik, Sara Ahmed, et al. "Metastatic bulk to predict subclonal heterogeneity by ctDNA in RAS/RAF-wildtype colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.186.

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186 Background: Distinct molecular subgroups of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been afforded with use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as standard in clinical practice for advanced disease. We have previously demonstrated that disease bulk predicts clinical resistance to EGFR inhibition in RAS/RAF-wildtype (WT) CRC. We hypothesized bulky disease would predict advanced subclonal heterogeneity by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Methods: Following IRB-approval, a retrospective review of molecular profiles in advanced CRC (n = 965) were compiled from the Veteran Administration’s (VA) National Precision Oncology Program (NPOP) and University of Wisconsin Precision Medicine Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). Disease bulk was defined as the longest diameter of metastatic disease or short axis for advanced lymphadenopathy. Molecular profiling was performed using commercially available platforms including Strata Oncology (MTB) and FoundationOne (NPOP). Bulky was compared as categorical (> 35 cm) and continuous variable against the count of pathologic variants. Results: The population was largely representative of advanced CRC with alterations in TP53 (80.5%), KRAS (44.8%), PIK3CA (22.0%) and BRAF (12.8%). Veterans had increased frequency of alterations in PIK3CA (22.7% v. 13.0%, p < 0.02) and BRAF (13.3% v. 6.9%, p < 0.05). There was no difference in metastatic bulk at the time of NGS for tissue biopsy between MTB and NPOP populations (t = 0.80). Disease bulk did not predict the number of pathologic variants from tissue sampling in RAS/RAFWT CRC (n = 96, t = 0.24). RAS/RAFMT cancers had increased frequency of subclonal alterations by ctDNA (9.1±4.0) v. RAS/RAFWT (4.5±3.4, p < 0.0001). Using ctDNA, bulky disease in RAS/RAFMT CRC was not predictive of increased pathologic variants (8.8±3.5 v. 9.5±4.8, t = 0.62). Bulky disease (> 35mm) in RAS/RAFWT CRC predicted increased subclonal variants (6.2±3.6 v. 3.5±2.9, p < 0.02). As a continuous variable, disease bulk predicted the number of pathologic variants in RAS/RAFWT CRC (R = 0.51). Conclusions: These data indicate that metastatic bulk is a predictor of subclonal heterogeneity by ctDNA in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Molecular profiling of tissue alone did not predict differences in subclonal heterogeneity when stratified by disease bulk in RAS/RAFWT CRC. Limited subclonal heterogeneity in non-bulky cancers support ongoing prospective investigations to select non-bulky cancers for early incorporation of anti-EGFR inhibition (NCT04587128).
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Hananto, Agus, and Didin Wahidin. "Aplikasi Proximity Sensor Pada Mesin Rajut Datar Semi Otomatis Berbasis Komputer." Texere 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53298/texere.v19i2.04.

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Perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat dengan adanya alih teknologi 4.0 pada industri tekstil khususnya pada produksi kain rajut. Kain rajut diproduksi menggunakan mesin rajut salah satunya adalah mesin rajut datar semi otomatis. mesin rajut datar semi otomatis yang ada di politeknik sttt bandung, dapat memproduksi kain rajut dengan lebar 80 - 100 cm. Pada produksi kain rajut yang menggunakan mesin rajut datar, sering terjadi cacat bolong yang disebabkan oleh benang putus pada jarum rajut. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan produksi kain rajut menjadi tidak maksimal, karena mesin sering berhenti tiap kali benang putus. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan perancangan dan pembuatan sensor cacat bolong pada kain rajut pada mesin rajut datar semi otomatis. Pendeteksi cacat bolong kain rajut menggunakan sensor LDR, kemudian variable nilai output sensor diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler, dari mikrokontroler menghasilkan trigger untuk menyalakan alarm, menghitung jumlah cacat, serta menghentikan mesin. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas atau mutu kain rajut, mengetahui efisiensi mesin serta dapat mengaplikasikan salah satu penerapan dari teknologi 4.0 dalam hal sistem kontrol otomatis berbasis komputer pada proses pembuatan kain rajut pada mesin rajut datar semi otomatis.
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Munandar, Taufik, Valentinus Galih Vidia Putra, and Wiah Wardiningsih. "STUDI PENGUKURAN KONSTANTA DIELEKTRIK KAIN RAJUT PAKAN POLIESTER DAN KATUN MENGGUNAKAN METODE KAPASITANSI PERANGKAT KAPASITOR PLAT SEJAJAR." Jurnal Kumparan Fisika 3, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jkf.3.3.223-231.

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Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan penentuan konstanta dielektrik material kain rajut pakan menggunakan metode kapasitansi perangkat kapasitor plat sejajar. Kain rajut pakan telah dibuat dengan menggunakan mesin rajut datar Stoll tipe CMS 530HP. Enam sampel kain rajut poliester dan katun telah dibuat pada mesin rajut terkomputerisasi dengan kerapatan yang berbeda-beda. Terdapat tiga jenis kerapatan kain rajut yang telah dibuat pada penelitian ini. Pengukuran kapasitansi terdiri dari perangkat mikrokontroler Arduino Uno dan susunan seri resistor-kapasitor (RC). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kain rajut katun NP10 memiliki konstanta dielektrik yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kain poliester pada struktur kain yang sama. Hasil menunjukan korelasi yang cukup baik antara hasil prediksi dan eksperimen pada pengukuran kapasitansi. Terdapat enam bahan dielektrik yang ditentukan dengan hasil dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil berturut-turut yaitu kain rajut katun NP 10 (22,8874 + 4,6388), kain rajut katun NP 11 (21,4717 + 3,8064), kain rajut katun NP 12 (17,8721 + 2,3233), kain rajut poliester NP 10 (9,7751 + 2,4922), kain rajut poliester NP 11 (8,8282 + 0,9360) dan kain rajut poliester NP 12 (8,4358 + 1,1849). Telah ditemukan hubungan antara parameter kerapatan kain kain rajut pakan terhadap nilai konstanta dielektrik terukur. Kata kunci—kain rajut pakan, poliester, katun, kerapatan kain, konstanta dielektrik, kapasitor plat-sejajar. ABSTRACT This paper describes the dielectric measurement of weft knitted fabric using parallel-plate capacitance method. The weft knitted fabric were fabricated using weft knit machine Stoll CMS 530HP. Six different samples of polyester and cotton knitted fabric were fabricated by computerized flat knitting machine. There are consist of three types of density which made on this study. The capacitance measurement were consist of Arduino Uno microcontroller and a series of resistor-capacitor (RC). The result of this research indicates that NP10 cotton knitted fabric has higher dielectric constant than the polyester knitted fabric, with similar structure respectively. There are six fabric dielectric materials that are determined with the results from the largest to the smallest in a row namely NP 10 cotton knitted fabric (22,8874 + 4,6388), NP 11 cotton knitted fabric (21,4717 + 3,8064), NP 12 cotton knitted fabric (17,8721 + 2,3233), NP 10 polyester knitted fabric (9,7751 + 2,4922), NP 11 polyester knitted fabric (8,8282 + 0,9360) and NP 12 polyester knitted fabric (8,4358 + 1,1849). It has been found the correlation between the fabric density and the permittivity of the weft knitted fabric. Keywords—weft knitted fabric, polyester, cotton, fabric density, dielectric constant, parallel-plate capacitor.
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Vasiliev, Vladimir V., and Dmitry N. Afonichev. "Flexibility Justification of a Raft Made of Raft Units." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-146-155.

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In order to provide accident free timber rafting on small and medium-sized rivers, it is necessary to consider in detail the features of ensuring the raft flexibility with all the necessary calculations. The research aims at developing an improved methodology for calculating the parameters that ensure the flexibility of a raft made of flat raft units. The raft flexibility is formed through the optimal interval between flat raft units, which directly affects the flexibility index. The minimum allowable interval between raft units depends on the length of guard rails in the section line: the guard rail laying along the section line convex side and the guard rail laying along the section line concave side. Length of the guard rails in the timber transportation unit will be determined by the minimum turning radius of the rafting course, the section line width, the length of flat raft units and the distance from the raft board to the guard rail. When determining the optimal interval between the flat raft units and the raft flexibility, it is assumed that the section line of flat raft units, regardless of a strong piling current, passes within the raft course dimensions, where the raft course axis coincides with the raft axis, and the flat raft units located between the 1st and the last flat raft units can move freely in the longitudinal direction. We have studied the dependences of the interval between flat raft solid units on the minimum turning radius of the raft course, the section line width and the length of flat raft units, using the proposed methodology for calculating raft flexibility. We have found that with increasing turning radius of the rafting course, the interval between the flat raft units decreases, and the raft flexibility index increases. The interval between flat raft units becomes larger as the width of flat raft units increases and the coefficient of raft section density decreases in this case. As the length of the flat raft unit increases, the interval between flat raft units increases; the coefficient of raft section density decreases.
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Dewantari, Aliya Zhalsabilla, Rendi Alvianto, Cindy Prastia Putri, Marchsyta Dwi Puspasari, Putri Mega Setiawati, and Dewi Puspa Arum. "REBRANDING PRODUK TAS RAJUT TERHADAP UMKM AZZA RAJUT." Community Development Journal : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (June 11, 2022): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v3i2.4651.

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Rebranding merupakan proses mengenalkan suatu produk ke masyarakat dengan cara memberikan nama, logo dalam suatu produk tersebut. Setelah melakukan survei ke Azza Rajut, menemukan beberaa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh Azza Rajut yaitu belum memiliki brand yang kuat untuk suatu produknya. Azza Rajut juga kekurangan SDM untuk menyelesaikan produk karena semakin banyak pesanan dan belum adanya legalitas usaha. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut kelompok menyari suatu solusi yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami ole Azza Rajut, mulai dari merancangkan logo, memilih kemasan, membuatkan legaliitas usaha pada Azza Rajut dan melakukan pelatihan untuk mendapatkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) atau karyawan untuk menyelesaikan semua pesanan yang semakin meningkat setiap harinya.
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Sembiring, Yenita. "ANALISIS RUNGGU RAKUT SITELU SUKU KARO SEBAGAI STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNIVERSITAS PRIMA." Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia Prima (BIP) 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/bip.v2i1.873.

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Analisis Runggu Rakut Sitelu Suku Karo Sebagai Strategi Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Prima Indonesia adalah suatu penelitian yang berfokus kepada penggunaan budaya Karo Runggu Rakut Sitelu sebagai satu strategi mengajar yang dapat digunakan oleh dosen dalam proses pembelajaran. Runggu Rakut Sitelu adalah sistem komunikasi dalam kekerabatan suku Karo yangmelibatkan tiga komponen, yaitu kalimbubu, senina dan anak beru (Rakut Sitelu).
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ZAGORSKI, CALISTA. "Raft." Drug and Alcohol Review 30, no. 6 (November 2011): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00387_3.x.

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Kooser, Ted. "Raft." World Literature Today 97, no. 1 (January 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2023.0014.

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Kulai, Ihor, Oleksii Brusylovets, Zoia Voitenko, Simon Harrisson, Stéphane Mazières, and Mathias Destarac. "RAFT Polymerization with Triphenylstannylcarbodithioates (Sn-RAFT)." ACS Macro Letters 4, no. 8 (July 13, 2015): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00329.

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T, Aruna, K. V. S. B. Raju, and Swathi Gowda. "Experimental Investigation of piled raft foundation on Cohesionless Soil." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 02 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9207.

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The combination of piles and raft foundation is known as piled raft foundation. Piled raft foundations have proven to be more cost-effective and capable of meeting safe bearing capacity and serviceability norms in the case of high-rise buildings on cohesionless soil. The behavior of a stacked raft foundation is influenced by the piles, raft, and soil. The stacked raft system’s bearing capacity is improved and settlement is minimized when the ground beneath the raft foundation bears the burden of supporting the applied loads. The piled raft foundation minimizes total settlement and improves bearing capacity more than the raft foundation. When isolated footings cover more than 70% of the building area under a superstructure, raft foundations are used, and the present study focuses on the vertical load bearing capability of piled raft foundation systems on cohesionless soil for concentric loading. The use of strategically positioned piles increases the load capacity of the raft while reducing differential settlement. The present study sheds some light on the use of piles as raft foundation settlement reducers, as well as the behavior of a piled raft in sand. A series of small-scale model experiments were carried out. The present investigation studies by varying pile length and alignment on the ultimate load of piled raft foundation. The results indicate that for a 10mm raft thickness, installing 4 piles, 6 piles, and 9 piles by varying L/D ratios of 5,10,15,20 carries significant load. In this present work for a 50mm length of pile, and the value of load improvement ratio increases by 36 percent, 60 percent, and 68 percent, respectively, when compared to plain raft.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rafut"

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Fleet, Reda. "RAFT mediated polysaccharide copolymers." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1025.

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Suwattana, Siripan. "Biodegradable polymers via RAFT." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549765.

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This research has shown that biodegradable monomer (5,6-benzo-2- methylene-1,3-dioxepane) (BMOO) can be achieved. Also its homo-and-eo- polymerisation can be successfully realised via RAFT and ROP polymerisation techniques. BMOO was synthesised with the modification via the dehydrobrornination of 5,6-benzo-2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-dioxepane in a good yield (95% yields). The homopolymerisation of BMOO were designed to produce a target OP of 200 via living "polymerisation" and complete ring-opening polymerisation. A narrow POI (1.09) and an M n= 4,697 g mol' were observed after 24 hours for the reaction in the presence of the CT A(MCPDB)' The copolymerisation of MMA and BMOO in the presence of the CT A(CPDB) gave better control over the polymerisation than that achieved using the CT A(MCPDB) and the CTA(ETSPE), at 120 "C. A narrow POI (1.36) and an Mn= 16,662 g mol' were observed after 24 hours. The copolymer was shown to be results of a combination of 1,2-addition polymerisation and of ring-opening copolymerisation. The reactivity ratio of the monomers was calculated using the Kelen- Tudos method (rMMA= 1.12 and rBMDO= 0.43). The copolymerisation of styrene with BMOO in the presence of the CTA(cPDB) gave the better control than that given by the CT A(MCPDB) and the CTA(ETSPE), at 120aC (Sty:BMOO, with an initial feed of 33%:67%). A narrow POI (1.18) and M n= 9,684 g rnol' were obtained after 24 hours. The % ratio of BMOO that was incorporated into the final polymeric chain was Sty:BMOO= 64.3%:35.7% and the copolymer was formed from ring-opening polymerisation only. The reactivity ratio of the monomers was calculated using the Kelen-TOdos method (rsty= 2',56 and rBMDO= 0.64). NMR, FTIR and UVlVis spectroscopy provided further evidence that the final polymers were the product of a ring-opening polymerisation. As required, thermal analysis techniques were used to ascertain the consequences of the copolymerisation, with respect to thermal consequences (decomposition) and compositional features.
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Antus, Joakim. "Reaching Consensus Using Raft." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301332.

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This thesis project implements and evaluates log replication using the Raft consensus algorithm. Raft presents a new and easier to understand consensus protocol for log replication in a distributed system. This thesis aims to evaluate the correctness and robustness of Raft by implementing a scalable system that is easy to maintain and test for further development. This thesis gives an in-depth description of Raft as well as a detailed explanation of the implemented system together with an evaluation of the system performance with focus on correctness.
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Zong, Mengmeng. "RAFT polymerisation in supercritical CO2." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537644.

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Nozari, Samira. "Towards understanding RAFT aqueous heterophase polymerization." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/580/.

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Reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) was used as a controlling technique for studying the aqueous heterophase polymerization. The polymerization rates obtained by calorimetric investigation of ab initio emulsion polymerization of styrene revealed the strong influence of the type and combination of the RAFT agent and initiator on the polymerization rate and its profile. The studies in all-glass reactors on the evolution of the characteristic data such as average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and average particle size during the polymerization revealed the importance of the peculiarities of the heterophase system such as compartmentalization, swelling, and phase transfer. These results illustrated the important role of the water solubility of the initiator in determining the main loci of polymerization and the crucial role of the hydrophobicity of the RAFT agent for efficient transportation to the polymer particles. For an optimum control during ab-initio batch heterophase polymerization of styrene with RAFT, the RAFT agent must have certain hydrophilicity and the initiator must be water soluble in order to minimize reactions in the monomer phase. An analytical method was developed for the quantitative measurements of the sorption of the RAFT agents to the polymer particles based on the absorption of the visible light by the RAFT agent. Polymer nanoparticles, temperature, and stirring were employed to simulate the conditions of a typical aqueous heterophase polymerization system. The results confirmed the role of the hydrophilicity of the RAFT agent on the effectiveness of the control due to its fast transportation to the polymer particles during the initial period of polymerization after particle nucleation. As the presence of the polymer particles were essential for the transportation of the RAFT agents into the polymer dispersion, it was concluded that in an ab initio emulsion polymerization the transport of the hydrophobic RAFT agent only takes place after the nucleation and formation of the polymer particles. While the polymerization proceeds and the particles grow the rate of the transportation of the RAFT agent increases with conversion until the free monomer phase disappears.

The degradation of the RAFT agent by addition of KPS initiator revealed unambigueous evidence on the mechanism of entry in heterophase polymerization. These results showed that even extremely hydrophilic primary radicals, such as sulfate ion radical stemming from the KPS initiator, can enter the polymer particles without necessarily having propagated and reached a certain chain length. Moreover, these results recommend the employment of azo-initiators instead of persulfates for the application in seeded heterophase polymerization with RAFT agents.

The significant slower rate of transportation of the RAFT agent to the polymer particles when its solvent (styrene) was replaced with a more hydrophilic monomer (methyl methacrylate) lead to the conclusion that a complicated cooperative and competitive interplay of solubility parameters and interaction parameter with the particles exist, determining an effective transportation of the organic molecules to the polymer particles through the aqueous phase. The choice of proper solutions of even the most hydrophobic organic molecules can provide the opportunity of their sorption into the polymer particles. Examples to support this idea were given by loading the extremely stiff fluorescent molecule, pentacene, and very hydrophobic dye, Sudan IV, into the polymer particles.

Finally, the first application of RAFT at room temperature heterophase polymerization is reported. The results show that the RAFT process is effective at ambient temperature; however, the rate of fragmentation is significantly slower. The elevation of the reaction temperature in the presence of the RAFT agent resulted in faster polymerization and higher molar mass, suggesting that the fragmentation rate coefficient and its dependence on the temperature is responsible for the observed retardation.
Um neue Materialien mit außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften zu erstellen, muss man in der Lage sein, die Struktur der Moleküle zu kontrollieren, aus denen die Materialien bestehen. Für das Maßschneidern solcher neuer Eigenschaften besitzen Polymere ein großes Potenzial: Dies sind sehr lange Moleküle, die aus einer großen Zahl von kleineren Einheiten aufgebaut sind. Proteine und DNS sind Beispiele für natürliche Polymere; Plastik und Gummi sind Beispiele für künstliche Polymere. Letztere werden üblicherweise durch das Zusammenfügen einer Reihe von kleineren Molekülen, den Monomeren, hergestellt. Schon lange versuchen Wissenschaftler, die Anordnung, Anzahl und Art dieser Monomere zu kontrollieren, die sich in der Struktur der Polymermoleküle widerspiegeln. Die gebräuchlichste Methode zur kommerziellen Produktion von Polymeren ist die so genannte freie radikalische Polymerisation. Die Strukturkontrolle durch diese Methode ist jedoch relativ schwierig und wurde maßgeblich erst im letzten Jahrzehnt entwickelt. Trotz der Existenz einiger effektiver Kontrollmethoden ist ihre industrielle Anwendung bislang sehr beschränkt, weil sie nicht für die Emulsionspolymerisation verwendbar sind. Die Emulsionspolymerisation ist die gängigste Technik in der industriellen Produktion von Polymeren. Es handelt sich dabei um ein vergleichsweise umweltfreundliches Verfahren, denn es werden keine organischen Lösungsmittel verwendet. Stattdessen dient Wasser als Lösungsmittel, in dem die Polymere in Form von kleinen, fein verteilten Partikeln vorliegen. In der Natur kommt dieses Prinzip beispielsweise in Pflanzen bei der Bildung von Kautschuk - allgemein als Latex bezeichnet - vor. Schließlich ist die Emulsionspolymerisation einfach durchzuführen: Das Produkt ist in vielen Fällen gebrauchsfertig, und es gibt viele technische Vorteile im Vergleich zu anderen Herstellungsprozessen.

Doch bevor die Probleme beim Einsatz von Kontrollmethoden in der Emulsionspolymerisation gelöst werden können, müssen erst ihre Ursachen geklärt werden. Dies ist eine unverzichtbare Vorraussetzung zum Übertragen von Forschungsergebnissen auf das tägliche Leben.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Probleme, die für die kontrollierte radikalische Polymerisation in Emulsion von Bedeutung sind. Die wichtigste Fragestellung in der Emulsionspolymerisation zielt auf die Löslichkeit der Reaktionskomponenten in den verschiedenen Phasen, wie z.B. in Wasser oder in den Polymerpartikeln. Die Kontrollmethode der Wahl für diese Arbeit ist "Reversibler Additions-Fragmentierungs Transfer" (RAFT). Die RAFT-Methode ist die modernste Kontrollmethode, und sie ist für viele Reaktionsbedingungen und viele Arten von Monomeren anwendbar.
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Gemici, Hesna. "Water soluble polymers by RAFT polymerisation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507717.

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Bray, Caroline. "Aqueous RAFT polymerisation of acrylamide monomers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/111296/.

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The challenge of this project was to control the polymerisation of acrylamide monomers, particularly sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (Lubrizol trademark, AMPS®2405), via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation in aqueous solution. AMPS® based polymers are employed in a wide range of applications (e.g. medical, paint, oil recovery and water treatment), and are typically obtained via conventional radical polymerisation. Here, the use of the RAFT process to control the polymerisation of AMPS®2405 was reported, and well-defined polymeric architectures were obtained compared to materials obtained via free radical polymerisation (FRP). The chain transfer agent (CTA) of choice for this project was initially DDMAT (CTA-A, Z-group is C12H25), and a water soluble CTA synthesised by the Lubrizol corporation (USA) in tonne-scale. DDMAT is known to form aggregates in water ([CAC]DDMAT =0.005 M) and this is likely to disrupt the RAFT mechanism and consequently diminish the control over the polymerisation. To overcome this problem a chain transfer agent with a shorter alkyl chain (BDMAT, Z-group is C4H9) was used for comparison with DDMAT. The polymerisation of AMPS®2405 monomer was optimised, as discussed in CHAPTER 2, in aqueous solution using either DDMAT or BDMAT as a chain transfer agent. These conditions were found to be universal to other water soluble acrylamide monomers (N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide and 4-acryloylmorpholine). More complex architectures were designed, as described in CHAPTER 3, exploiting the high chain end fidelity and chain extensions. A small library of diblock copolymers using various comonomers (N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, 4-acryloylmorpholine, acrylic acid and acrylamide) were first synthesised. The synthesis of star polymers using the arm first approach was further studied, and well-defined multiblock star copolymers were obtained by RAFT polymerisation. These structures synthesised were characterised, as discussed in CHAPTER 4, using diverse techniques (e.g. SAXS, DLS, SEC with triple detection and AFM). While copolymers prepared from AMPS®2405 can be used in numerous applications, the focus of this thesis, as discussed in CHAPTER 5, was to study their benefit as heparin-mimicking polymers.
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Elnakat, Hala. "Regulation of Folate Receptor Raft Recycling." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1174569209.

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Rakut, Christian [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Wärmetransportmechanismen in thermischen Radialturbinen / Christian Rakut." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196487553/34.

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Pflughaupt, Robin L. "In pursuit of RAFT-functional polyethylene : exploration of a novel class of Sn-RAFT agents and the preparation and application of RAFT-functional polyethylene-like poly(ω-pentadecalactone)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/64038/.

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This work explores the preparation of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain-Transfer (RAFT)-functional polyethylene (PE). Challenges in developing methods to control the polymerization of primary radicals and prepare functional polyethylene are significant. Modest control over ethylene polymerization demonstrated via F-RAFT polymerization inspired our interest in RAFT agent design and we envisaged that metallo-RAFT agents could present different reactivities towards primary radicals. Considering the challenge of attempting to develop chemistry for the controlled radical polymerization of primary radicals, preparation of RAFT-functional polyethylene-like poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL) was also investigated. We envisaged the preparation of RAFT-functional PPDL to be more convenient than reported strategies to prepare functional polyethylene all whilst being a “green” alternative to PE that may be suitable for some applications. Chapter 1 discusses challenges in preparing functional polyethylene via controlled radical polymerization techniques. Furthermore, metallo-RAFT chemistry and the ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic esters are reviewed. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of PPDL via enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (eROP). Using a bifunctional initiator appropriate for the RAFT polymerization of acrylic and styrenic monomers, RAFT-functional poly(ω-pentadecalactone) was prepared. Furthermore, chain extension of the macro-chain-transfer agent was utilized to prepare acrylic and styrenic block copolymers of PPDL. To our knowledge, this is the first preparation of block copolymers of poly(ω-pentadecalactone) via a combination of eROP and RAFT polymerization techniques. Chapter 3 describes the large scale synthesis and characterization of a selection of acrylic block copolymers of PPDL suitable for fuels applications. Furthermore, the fuels testing of these copolymers for cold flow applications is described. In general, all block copolymers of PPDL, in particular poly(ω-pentadecalactone)-b-poly(isodecyl acrylate) improved the cold flow performance of various diesel fuels. Chapter 4 reports the synthesis of Sn-RAFT agents and their subsequent use in the controlled radical polymerization of several vinylic monomers. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings in chapters 2 – 4 and Chapter 6 communicates the associated experimental data.
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Books on the topic "Rafut"

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Baxter, Stephen. Raft. London: Grafton Books, 1991.

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Raft. Ormond, Vic: Hybrid Publishers, 2009.

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Lewis, Ruark. Raft. Hannover: Sprengel Museum, 2001.

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Pesh rafat. Multān: Kitābʹnagar, 2013.

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Saramago, José. Stone raft. London: Harvill, 1994.

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ill, Flesher Vivienne, ed. Lullaby raft. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1996.

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Haskell, Bess C. The raft. [Falmouth, ME]: Kennebec River Press, 1988.

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M, Lockhart Barbara, ed. Rambling raft. Centreville, Md: Tidewater Publishers, 1989.

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The Raft. New York, USA: Dutton, 1985.

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Bijutsukan, Utsukushigahara Kōgen. Rafu meisakuten. [Hakone-machi]: Chōkoku no Mori Bijutsukan, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rafut"

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Gooch, Jan W. "RAFT." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 607. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9743.

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Kabayama, Kazuya, Hisao Kojima, and Yusuke Suzuki. "Glycolipid Raft." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine, 1–4. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54836-2_80-1.

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Kasahara, Kohji. "Raft Signaling." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine, 1–6. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54836-2_81-1.

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Kabayama, Kazuya, Hisao Kojima, and Yusuke Suzuki. "Glycolipid Raft." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine, 1181–84. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_80.

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Kasahara, Kohji. "Raft Signaling." In Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine, 1185–90. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54841-6_81.

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George Parsons, Kimberly S., and Shiyong Wu. "Lipid Raft." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_3375-7.

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Quemener, Damien. "RAFT Chemistry." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1708–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2100.

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George Parsons, Kimberly S., and Shiyong Wu. "Lipid Raft." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 2510–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_3375.

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Quemener, Damien. "RAFT Chemistry." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2100-1.

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Andrews, Beth L. "Craft a Raft." In Hands–On Engineering Grades 4-6, 142–48. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003235453-22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rafut"

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Wang, Xinxin, Fenfang Zhao, Yanli Tang, Liuyi Huang, Rong Wan, and Hui Cheng. "Numerical Analysis of Submersible Mussel Raft for Exposed Marine Environment." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61682.

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To study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the submersible mussel raft in waves and currents, the numerical model of the submersible raft was established based on the finite element method and kinematics theory. The finite element program Aqua-FE™ was applied to simulate the impacts of waves and currents on the hydrodynamic responses of the surface and submerged rafts, respectively. Morison Equation was applied to compute the tension of the mooring lines. Apart from the wave condition, the flow has a significant effect on the mooring line tension of the submersible raft. The submerged raft is useful for reducing the mooring loads. The submergence depth of the mussel raft can be adjusted depending on the marine environment. The results show that the submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to the surface raft. The vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. Compared the performance of the submerged raft in the same condition, the motion amplitude of the framework of the raft decreased significantly while increasing the submergence depth. At the same period, the trend of the decrease followed by levelling off with an increasing wave height. However, the submergence depth had no significant effect on the mooring line tension.
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Teed, Zachary, and Jia Deng. "RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow (Extended Abstract)." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/662.

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We introduce Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms (RAFT), a new deep network architecture for optical flow. RAFT extracts per-pixel features, builds multi-scale 4D correlation volumes for all pairs of pixels, and iteratively updates a flow field through a recurrent unit that performs lookups on the correlation volumes. RAFT achieves state-of-the-art performance on the KITTI and Sintel datasets. In addition, RAFT has strong cross-dataset generalization as well as high efficiency in inference time, training speed, and parameter count.
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Quiané-Ruiz, Jorge-Arnulfo, Christoph Pinkel, Jörg Schad, and Jens Dittrich. "RAFT at work." In the 2011 international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1989323.1989460.

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Howard, Heidi, and Richard Mortier. "Paxos vs Raft." In EuroSys '20: Fifteenth EuroSys Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3380787.3393681.

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Cao Van, Hoa, and Tuan Nguyen Anh. "Establishing a Graphical Method for Calculation of Raft Thickness in Piled Raft, Pile Group and Raft Foundation." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icict50521.2020.00056.

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Mao, Weimin, Yueyun Cao, and Shijian Zhu. "Study on Power Flow and H∞ Robust Control in Raft Hybrid Vibration Isolation System." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48562.

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The raft hybrid vibration isolation system is studied. The control law of the system is designed with H∞ robust control theory. The power flow in the raft hybrid vibration isolation system is investigated. In order to verify the raft hybrid vibration isolation system numerical simulation is carried out. The simulation results show that the control algorithm is effective and robust, and that the isolation effectiveness of the hybrid vibration isolation system is much better than that of the passive isolation system in the whole frequency domain.
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Mak, Lawrence, Antonio Simo˜es Re´, and Andrew Kuczora. "Motion Response of a Full-Scale Life Raft in Laboratory Tow Experiments." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92040.

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A 16-person full-scale life raft was towed in a tow tank in calm water, regular and irregular waves. The objectives were to assess the raft motion response, occupant motion, tow force, effect of tow speed, effects of different test variables (drogue deployment, floor inflation, weight distribution and ballast), and the likelihood of occupant motion sickness. Comparisons of RAOs obtained in regular and irregular waves demonstrated that irregular waves could be used as a cost effective means to determine raft response with a high degree of confidence. They also show that the life raft tow performance is different in waves than in calm water. For example, mean tow force is 20% higher in the sea state tested than in calm water. Floor inflation, drogue deployment, even weight distribution and tow speed increase mean tow force and tow force variation about its mean. The data also show that the same ballast types should be used to access the effects of different variables because manikin and water bag ballast produce different results. Measured occupant heave acceleration was about the same as the raft heave acceleration. From occupant heave acceleration, it was estimated that after 20 hours in the raft, 20% of occupants would vomit. Formulae were proposed to predict tow force in different sea states. Mean tow forces predicted using calm water tow resistance and RAOs derived from regular wave tow tests compared well with measured mean tow force in irregular waves.
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MOON, JOON SHIK, and WOOJEONG PARK. "Analysis of Piled Raft Foundation Behavior Considering Raft Pile Soil Interaction." In International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - ACSM 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-039-2-27.

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Poulos, Harry G. "Piled Raft and Compensated Piled Raft Foundations for Soft Soil Sites." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40772(170)2.

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Manukovskiy, Andrey, A. Rubanov, and N. Nedovesov. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER TRANSPORT OF THE FOREST TO INCREASE THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE RAFT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_80-85.

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Of all the known modern types of water transport of the forest, the most promising is timber rafting, which, when used, has both positive and negative properties. Negative indicators include such indicators as: seasonality of work, since use in the winter period is impossible, loss of wood when unloading logs onto water and a raft, large dimensions, complexity of management, the need to unload a raft when unloading it. Passes through non-standard sections of the river bed and subsequent formations, special requirements for the dimensions of the waterway, speed limits and others. One of the most acute problems caused by huge hydrodynamic resistance to movement, which increases with an increase in towing speed, is the limitation of the speed of movement of the raft in the water area. In this regard, the maximum speed of the raft in calm weather reaches no more than 1 1.2 m / s, while two or more powerful tugs are involved. The limited time frame for rafting on wooden rafts is due to the flood period during the spring floods and floods, and they have fallen on hard times. Increasing the raft’s allowable towing speed will shorten the raft’s transport time. A decrease in hydrodynamic resistance when the raft is moving will increase the maximum allowable speed of its towing, which will have a positive effect on the efficiency of timber rafting. Based on the analysis of existing known designs of modern rafts, as well as methods of influencing the reduction of hydrodynamic resistance in the field of shipbuilding, a number of methods have been proposed for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance to the movement of the raft. Methods of reducing the resistance to the movement of the raft by changing the features of its formation by placing separate sections or beams in the streamlined material, the introduction of hydrodynamic fairings are considered. The proposed methods for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance can significantly increase the efficiency of timber rafting.
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Reports on the topic "Rafut"

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Ogden, Kimberly, Daniel Anderson, Shay Simpson, Wayne Van Voorheis, Judith Brown, Michael Huesemann, Murat Kacira, RIchard Skaggs, and Peter Waller. Regional Algal Feedstock Testebed (RAFT) Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1492217.

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Yang, Wei. Functional Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Raft Kinase Complexes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511273.

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Bentkowski, W. H., and T. J. Lewis. Heat Flux in the Raft Batholith, Central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130181.

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Freiburger, R. M., L. C. Hull, and T. M. Clemo. Hydrothermal Injection Program: Raft River (KGRA) Idaho, 1982 test data index. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5922682.

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Chilakapati, A. RAFT: A simulator for ReActive Flow and Transport of groundwater contaminants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527466.

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Glaspey, Douglas J. Final Technical Resource Confirmation Testing at the Raft River Geothermal Project, Cassia County, Idaho. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922630.

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Im, K. H., R. K. Ahluwalia, and H. C. Lin. The RAFT computer code for calculating aerosol formation and transport in severe LWR (light-water reactor) accidents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6128202.

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London, Jonathan. Vietnam’s Education System: How Coherent Is It for Learning? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/131.

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The disappointing performance of education systems in developing countries in improving learning outcomes has spurred research aimed at establishing what features of education systems determine their effectiveness or failure in improving learning outcomes. There has been special interest in the challenge of making education systems more coherent for learning, i.e., developing systems in which accountability relations among stakeholders across key elements of education policy design support and sustain strong learning outcomes. In the emergent literature on the political economy of education, a great deal of attention has been directed at Vietnam, a lower-middle income country whose results on assessments of learning have been vastly higher than all other countries in its income group and have even surpassed learning assessment results of many OECD countries. This has led to a raft of research papers asking, “how did Vietnam do it?” Addressing this question, this paper explores Vietnam’s education system’s coherence for learning through an analysis of accountability relations across three key elements of education policy design — delegation, finance, and information. Our aim is to ascertain how features of these policy elements’ practice may variously support or undermine the Communist Party of Vietnam’s objective of promoting quality education and improved learning outcomes for all. The potentially surprising answer to the “how coherent” question posed in the title is, not really that much. Analysis finds that Vietnam’s education system remains weakly "coherent around learning" and is best understood as a “formal process compliant” system that, despite its many strengths, is nonetheless underperforming relative to its potential. The implications of this for efforts to enhance the system’s performance around learning are explored in brief.
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