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Journal articles on the topic 'RAFT SLAB'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wang, Xiao Wei, Wen Ling Tian, Zhi Yuan Huang, Ming Jie Zhou, and Xiao Yan Zhao. "Analysis on Punching Shear Behavior of the Raft Slab Reinforced with Steel Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.335.

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The thickness of the raft slab is determined by punching shear. The raft slab is commonly thick, which causes concrete volume is large. Mass concrete can bring disadvantage to the foundation. In order to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the thickness, it is suggested that the raft slab to be reinforced by steel fibers. There are five groups of specimens in this paper. S1 is the common reinforced concrete slab. S2 and S3 are concrete slabs reinforced by steel fibers broadcasted layer by layer when casting specimen. S4 and S5 are concrete slabs reinforced by steel fibers mixed homogeneou
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2

Dhage, Amit, and S. S. Solanke. "Comparative Analysis of Raft, Pile & Piled Raft Foundation using Designing Software." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1193, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1193/1/012006.

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Abstract Raft foundations are essentially a slab that extends the entire length of the building, sustaining and dispersing its mass to the earth. A pile foundation is a collection of columns that are erected or inserted into the ground to distribute weight to the subsoil underneath. A pile is a long, cylindrical construction made made of a sturdy substance such as concrete. Building loads are transferred to hard strata, rocks, or high-bearing-capacity soil using piles. Pinned raft foundations are a combination of a pile and a raft slab. They’re frequently used for large structures and when the
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3

M S, Padmanaban, and J. Sreerambabu. "Issues on Design of Piled Raft Foundation." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 14, no. 1 (2018): 6057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v14i1.5905.

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A piled raft foundation consists of a thick concrete slab reinforced with steel which covers the entire contact area of the structure, in which the raft is supported by a group of piles or a number of individual piles. Bending moment on raft, differential and average settlement, pile and raft geometries are the influencing parameters of the piled raft foundation system. In this paper, a detailed review has been carried out on the issues on the raft foundation design. Also, the existing design procedure was explained.
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4

Yu, Jing Liang, and Dong Yang. "Construction Technical Measures and Control of Concrete Temperature Cracking for a Mass Flat Plate Type Raft Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.717.

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The mass flat raft foundation Section is large and Cement is in large quantities, the temperature changes in the larger cement hydration heat of the water releasing, the temperature stress is main reason reducing cracking. According to the basement of a project of Guangzhou large slab raft foundation engineering as an example, Discussing the construction technology measures of early crack of large volume concrete of raft plate in the process of construction,. The results show that it Can effectively prevents the slab foundation structure cracking and achieves good results through controlling C
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Burkovič, Kamil, Martina Smirakova, and Pavlina Matečková. "Testing and Modelling of Concrete Pile Foundations." Key Engineering Materials 738 (June 2017): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.738.287.

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Foundation of building on concrete piles is often used when it is necessary to carry the load into larger depth as by common foundation. Bearing capacity of piles or piled raft foundation is wide area to research. This paper deals with experimental load test of concrete pile and with their numerical modelling. Several types of foundation construction were tested and two kinds will be presented and compared in this paper - reinforced concrete foundation slab and raft foundation (made of reinforced concrete foundation slab supported by drilled reinforced concrete pilot). These types of foundatio
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6

Yin, Su Hua, Yuan Huang, and Ying Hui Yuan. "Research on Mass Concrete Construction Techonogy of Raft Foundation of Hongyun Building." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.709.

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The foundation of A tower of Hongyun building is made of raft board foundation which is 4200mm in the thickness and 3500mm beside side of the core tube. It is researched that the raft foundation mass concrete construction technology is expatiated from temperature and cracks of the raft foundation and the temperature control and monitoring of the concrete base slab construction and concrete curing.
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7

SAMORODOV, Oleksandr, and Olha HAVRYLIUK. "Numerical studies of the distribution capability of a continuous linear strain soil base model for largesized raft foundations." Bases and Foundations, no. 48 (June 28, 2024): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.48.2024.75-85.

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The paper examines the existing methodology for determining the main design parameters of the model in the form of a continuous linearly strained layer of finite distribution capability (the design thickness of the layer H0 and design stress-strain modulus E0) to simulate the adequate interaction between soil bases and large-size slab foundations. The aim of this work is to numerically study the stress-strain state of a uniformly loaded flexible rectangular foundation slab when the thickness of the soil base model layer is reduced in the form of a continuous linearly deformed layer of finite d
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8

Hong, Qiuyun, Bin Yan, and Tingyu Ma. "The Research of Raft Foundation Anti-floating Piles’ Performance and its Impact on the Raft Foundation." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817501038.

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By using the finite element software ANSYS and ABAQUS, we established the calculation model of raft foundation anti-floating pile foundation, and studied the mechanical properties of the raft foundation and the influence of raft foundation on the foundation. By comparing the stress and displacement of the anti-floating pile under different pile distance, the influence trend of the different anti-floating pile layout scheme on the mechanical property of the floating slab foundation anti-floating pile is explained, Then the optimal arrangement scheme of anti-floating pile was acquired. Under the
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9

TIMCHENKO, R. O., D. A. KRISHKO, and V. O. SAVENKO. "APPLICATION OF PILE-RAFT FOUNDATION IN COMPLEX ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 26 (November 26, 2024): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2024/315513.

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Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing structures of slab-pile foundations, to determine the features of their application and the possibility of their use in complex engineering and geological conditions, as well as to develop alternative constructive solutions of slab-pile foundations for their optimal operation in earthquake-prone areas with base, which deforms unevenly. Methodology. In the study, an analysis of literary sources, data on built and designed slab-pile foundations, their characteristics and application conditions were determined. Special attention is paid
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10

Zerkal, Evgeny O., Alexey Yu Kalashnikov, Andrey E. Lapshinov, and Aleksey I. Tyutyunkov. "Using ground penetrating radars to detect internal defects in concrete foundation slabs." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2020): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.980-987.

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Introduction. The co-authors have analyzed a monolithic reinforced concrete piled raft foundation of a multi-storied residential building under construction. The mission of this research effort is to obtain trustworthy information about the internal structure of a foundation slab, to detect and survey internal defects, if any. This research project is to capture potential problems that may accompany the inspection of a foundation, to generate awareness about ground penetrating radar surveys and their methods that can help to optimize operating processes in the process of inspection.
 Mate
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11

Rickards, R. B., M. A. Hamedi, and A. J. Wright. "A new Arenig (Ordovician) graptolite fauna from the Kerman District, east-central Iran." Geological Magazine 131, no. 1 (1994): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010463.

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AbstractA single slab of silicified silty and cross-bedded mudstone from the Katkoyeh Formation, east-central Iran yields Yutagraptus cf. mantuanus Riva which indicates a late Arenig age. The slab also bears Dictyonema ghodsiae sp. nov., regarded as the only unequivocally planktonic dendroid from post-Tremadoc strata. The sicula is surrounded by at least twelve vesicular bodies which constitute a raft of floats. These are the only certain floats yet identified in the Order Dendroidea, and one of very few cases known in the Class Graptolithina.
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12

Wang, Feng Xia, Zheng Ru Yuan, and Huan Xi Cai. "The Method Comparison of Anti-Floating of Reinforced Concrete Slab at Underground Business Street." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.429.

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It’s a good mean to develop underground business street. But at South China, usually the underground water level is higher, while the weight of structures is smaller, so it causes a prominent problem—anti-floating of structures. These cases of failure including both whole anti-floating and partial anti-floating are reported occasionally. To thoroughly solve the problem of anti-floating, the foundation design of underground street structure is particularly important. At present there are two kinds of foundation design scheme of the underground street. The First is raft foundation plus anti-floa
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13

Viladkar, M. N., P. N. Godbole, and J. Noorzaei. "Space frame-raft-soil interaction including effect of slab stiffness." Computers & Structures 43, no. 1 (1992): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90083-c.

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14

Suwondo, Riza, Natalia Vincensia, Juliastuti Juliastuti, and Habibie Razak. "Sustainable Design of Raft Foundations: Analyzing Embodied Carbon and Cost Impacts." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 1 (2025): 19677–82. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9370.

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The construction industry is a significant contributor to global carbon emissions, necessitating the adoption of sustainable design practices. This study investigates the embodied carbon and cost implications of raft foundations, focusing on the effects of different concrete grades, K300, K400, and K500, and slab thicknesses. A comprehensive methodology, guided by BS EN 15978, was employed to assess the carbon emissions across the product, construction, and end-of-life stages. Additionally, a cost analysis was conducted, reflecting typical construction expenses relevant to the Indonesian conte
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15

Yan, Lin. "Research on Prefabricated Road base Technology under the concept of Sponge City." E3S Web of Conferences 372 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337202006.

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The problems of construction period, quality and coordination between road construction and maintenance and road traffic often exist in the process of traditional urban road construction. The development of urbanization has brought about the rapid expansion of urban roads, and the changes in the permeability of urban underlying surface have also brought about urban waterlogging and urban water security problems. Making full use of the environmental protection, high efficiency and economic characteristics of the prefabricated process, through data investigation, theoretical calculation and mech
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16

Sulaeman, Agus, Sajiharjo Marto Suro, and Salihin Bin Jalali. "3-D Numerical Modelling Of Cakar Ayam System To Maximize It’s Stability Performance." CRANE: Civil Engineering Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/crane.v2i1.5006.

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This paper presents an analysis of Cakar Ayam system using the finite element method. The basic concept of the Cakar Ayam system considers the passive-soil pressure creating a stiff condition of slab-pipe system. This means that the thin concrete slab floats on the supporting soil and the pipes serve as stiffeners slab concrete, stay vertical due to the passive-soil pressure. In this study, the simulation was done to the stiffness ratio of 0.02 to 1.2 under soil friction angle 20 o , bearing capacity and displacement were recorded for each pairs then plotted in the graph.The study was intended
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17

Kripak, Volodymyr, Vira Koliakova, and Daniiil Kuzmenko. "Efficiency of the combined pile-raft foundation." Building constructions. Theory and Practice, no. 16 (June 28, 2025): 123–34. https://doi.org/10.32347/2522-4182.16.2025.123-134.

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It is well known that a raft foundation is, in most cases, a more economical alternative to a conventional pile foundation. The concept of incorporating a raft into a piled system is not new and has been implemented in foundation design in several Western countries. However, the practical implementation of this concept remains limited and largely absent. Ukrainian design codes only mention the existence of combined pile-raft foundations (CPRFs) and the possibility of their application. In CPRFs, both components—the raft and the piles—act as load-bearing elements, and their design must follow o
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18

mohiuddin, Syed Mohammed, Mohammed moiz, Mohammed khaja moinuddin, and Mohammed Tosif Ahmed. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED R.C STRUCTURAL FRAME WITH PILE FOUNDATION." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 8, no. 6 (2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2021.v0806.001.

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The structure is presumed to be situated in seismic Zones II and V. The mathematical building model (F.E.M Model) of Whole building has been modelled in ETABS 16.2 All the beams and columns are modelled as frame elements. All the slabs are modelled as thin shell elements. To ascertain the seismic load on each floor level of whole structure two types of seismic analysis procedure have been considered as per IS1893-2002 and 2016. Equivalent static approach (linear Static method) and Response spectrum method (Linear Dynamic Method). Parameters considered to understand the seismic response of the
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19

Burkovič, Kamil, and Vojtěch Buchta. "Experimental Measurements of a Model of Pile, Slab and Raft Foundation." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 14, no. 2 (2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tvsb-2014-0017.

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Abstract A design of the load-bearing capacity and settlement of a pilot base is usually based on the assumption that all of the load from the top of the building is transferred only by pilots. The influence of the adjacent connecting structures, which are in contact with the ground (pile cap, slab, block, belt, etc.), is usually ignored. The necessary data from the experimental measurement of the impact of these structures, concerning the overall bearing capacity of the foundations, was obtained on the testload device (Stand), in the area of Faculty of Civil Engineering, VŠB-TU of Ostrava. Th
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20

Kornilov, Terentii Afanasevich, Petr Anatolevich Fedotov, and Alexey Terentevich Kornilov. "REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL BRIDGES IN THE BASEMENT SLAB OF CAST-IN-SITU FRAME BUILDINGS IN EXTREMELY COLD REGIONS." Architecture and Engineering 9, no. 3 (2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2024-9-3-63-74.

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Introduction. Heat insulation of multi-story buildings with a reinforced concrete frame on pile foundations under climatic conditions with extremely low outdoor air temperatures is complicated by high air infiltration. When such buildings are used in winter, the most characteristic are temperature regime violations on the first floor. Purpose of the study: The study aimed to evaluate various methods to reduce the influence of thermal bridges in the basement floor of a cast-in-situ frame building with pile foundations under extreme climatic conditions. Methods: Thermal performance of 3D models
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21

Salih, Salah M. "Suggesting Some Criteria for The Foundations of Oil Tanks." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 15, no. 2 (2025): 195–211. https://doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v15i2.952.

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The tank foundation serves as a support base for oil tanks, ensuring their stability by withstanding the tank's weight. Foundation failure commonly occurs when it cannot support the tank's weight or when the soil's bearing capacity cannot resist the stress imposed by the tank and its foundation. This study aims to ensure the stability of the tank-foundation system by selecting an appropriate foundation system that considers the soil's bearing capacity. The deformation behavior of slab-foundations for tank foundations under different conditions, with the objective of determining the optimal des
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22

Fu, Qiang. "Experimental Analysis on Dynamic Response of X-Section Piled Raft Composite Foundation under Cyclic Axial Load for Ballastless Track in Soft Soil." Shock and Vibration 2021 (October 19, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4561806.

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Large-scale model tests were established at a scale of 1/5 using a 7 m deep model tank with cross-sectional dimension of 5 m × 4 m, to study the vibration response characteristics of ballastless track, embankment, and X-section piled raft foundation under cyclic axial load, including the vibration displacement, velocity, dynamic soil, and pile stress. Cyclic dynamic loading can be achieved by controlling the loading frequency and cycles through the vibration servo control loading system. The test results are presented in the variation of dynamic displacement, velocity, and stress of X-section
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23

Niu, Xirong, Yangping Yao, Yanfang Sun, Yuhao He, and Haiqing Zhang. "3D Numerical Analysis of Synergetic Interaction between High-Rise Building Basement and CFG Piles Foundation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112040.

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A strong bearing capacity and the satisfaction of strict settlement requirements are necessary for high-rise buildings. A single-raft foundation cannot meet certain settlement requirements, in which case CFG (cement/fly ash/gravel, an emerging and sustainable construction material) piles can be used in the foundation to set up a cushion between the top of the pile and the raft slab, where the piles act as settlement reducers. The rafts of disconnected piles (DPs) exhibit complex synergetic interactions involving the raft, cushion, pile, and soil under the load of the superstructure. Multiple p
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24

Yushchube, S. V., and I. I. Podshivalov. "Stress-strain state finite element modeling of concrete foundation along the concrete pile perimeter of a multistory brick building." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 3 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-3-155-166.

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The use of concrete foundations on a natural subgrade of brick buildings with a spatial cross-wall structural system can lead to its ultimate limit and elastoplastic states along the perimeter and, as a consequence, unallowable soil deformation and movement. The paper proposes to eliminate ultimate limit and elastoplastic states along the perimeter of concrete piles through the replacement of the foundation slab by the combined piled-raft foundation. The finite element modeling of the stress-strain state of the concrete foundation and the building superstructure of the base-foundation-building
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25

Smith, L. B., J. P. Graham, J. F. Nixon, and A. S. Washuta. "Thermal analysis of forced-air and thermosyphon cooling systems for the Inuvik airport expansion." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 3 (1991): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-050.

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This paper presents a description of thermal analyses of forced-air ventilation and thermosyphon cooling systems, which were carried out in connection with the design of the concrete raft foundations that support hangars and other major structures to be constructed by the Department of National Defence adjacent to the existing airport near Inuvik, N.W.T. The cooling systems are required to prevent heat from the buildings from thawing the ice-rich permafrost present below the site. The analyses identified those parameters that have the most significant effect on the efficiency of each system. B
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26

Fu, Qiang, and Jie Yuan. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Dynamic Response of XCC Pile–Raft Foundation under High-Speed Train Loads." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 9260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199260.

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A series of dynamic large-scale model tests and three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic response of track embankment and XCC pile-raft composite foundation in soft soil for a ballastless high-speed railway under moving train loads. The results indicate that the vibration velocity obtained from the FE numerical simulation agrees well with that from the model test in vibration waveform, amplitude, and frequency characteristics. The peak values corresponding to the passing frequency of train carriage geometry (lc = 25 m), bogie (lab = 7.5 m), and axle d
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27

Saha, Rajib, Sekhar Chandra Dutta, and Sumanta Haldar. "SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SOIL-PILE RAFT-STRUCTURE SYSTEM." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, no. 2 (2015): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.802716.

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This paper presents an initial effort to investigate seismic response of soil-pile raft-structure system considering soil-structure interaction effect. In general, structure and piled raft under seismic load are designed considering fixed base condition. However, soil flexibility may result significant changes in the response of soil-pile raft-structure system. The study considers one storey system consisting of a mass in the form of a rigid floor slab supported by four columns. The piles are modelled by beam-column element supported by laterally distributed springs and dampers. This simple mo
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28

Ihnatov, S. V. "DRILL INJECTED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION EXPERIENCE FOR THE PURPOSE OF GROUND REINFORCEMENT AND PILE ERECTION DURING RECONSTRUCTION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.823.

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The drill injected technology for pile erection and shallow foundations strengthening implementation in practice is described in the article. The reconstruction of the building, the topography and geotechnical conditions of the building footprint analysis are presented. The article reveals the design solutions for reconstruction of existing building for industrial purposes, and describes the basic technological processes. It is considered design scheme of the building, the results of the spatial frame calculation, the substantiation of bases slab base strengthening necessity provided design so
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29

Cheng, Xiao Fei. "A Kind of Floating Breakwater Sheltering Deep Water Aquaculture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2170.

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This paper briefly introduces the design, construction and wave attenuation effect test of a kind of floating breakwater sheltering deep water aquaculture. This novel floating breakwater structure is composed of 28 standard modules and corresponding anchoring systems, and each standard module comprises a catamaran raft and a wave-attenuating and oscillation-inhibiting device, with a length of 30 m, a width of 7 m, a depth of 2 m and a draft of 1.1 m. Each catamaran raft employs a box-shaped multi-ribbed beam-and-slab structure, and was constructed using high-performance concrete and ferrocemen
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Kourkoulis, Rallis, Ioannis Anastasopoulos, Fani Gelagoti, and George Gazetas. "Interaction of Foundation−Structure Systems with seismically precarious Slopes : Numerical Analysis with Strain Softening Constitutive Model." Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 12 (2010): 1430–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.05.001.

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This paper studies the combined effects of earthquake-triggered landslides and ground shaking on foundation-structure systems founded near slope crests. Plane-strain nonlinear finite element dynamic analyses are performed. The soil constitutive model is calibrated against published data to simulate the (post-peak) softening behavior of soil during a seismic event and under the action of gravitational forces. The plastic shear zones and the yield accelerations obtained from our dynamic analyses are shown to be consistent with the slip surfaces and the seismic coefficients obtained by classical
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31

Wattanapanich, Chirawat, Thanongsak Imjai, Pakjira Aosai, Chayanon Hansapinyo, Fabio P. Figueiredo, and Reyes Garcia. "Thermal Analysis of a Raft Concrete Foundation: A Case Study of a Leaking Ethane Tank." Buildings 12, no. 7 (2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070889.

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This article presents a case study on the thermal assessment of a reinforced concrete (RC) foundation exposed to low temperatures. The foundation supports a 19,500 m3-capacity tank with low-temperature (−89 °C) ethane. Icing and bubbling were observed on the tank’s surface soon after it started operations. Condensation was also observed at the bottom of the 0.8-m-depth RC slab, which raised concerns about the structural condition of the concrete. This study provides details of the field and analytical investigations conducted to assess the structural condition of the foundation. Heat transfer
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32

TABACHNIKOV, Sergii. "Validation of the Improved Soil Base Model for the Simulation of Multi-Section Buildings on Pile Foundations." Bases and Foundations, no. 50 (May 11, 2025): 269–85. https://doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.50.2025.269-285.

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In the construction industry, large-scale slab and pile-raft foundations are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings and structures with significant loads on a non-rocky soil foundation. One of the main trends in the construction of residential complexes is the sectional nature of multi-storey buildings. The purpose of this article is to test an advanced soil foundation model in the form of a continuous "stepped" layer with finite load distribution capacity and its parameters based on the comparison of numerical calculation results and observations of settlements in a three-section
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33

Kacprzak, Grzegorz, and Mateusz Frydrych. "Soil Consolidation Analysis in the Context of Intermediate Foundation as a New Material Perspective in the Calibration of Numerical–Material Models." Construction Materials 3, no. 4 (2023): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3040027.

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This paper presents the authors’ research results from an analysis of intermediate foundations as well as slab and pile foundations in the context of soil consolidation. Looking at soil as a building material that changes its properties over time is very important from the point of view of the safety of construction, implementation, and operation of building structures. In addition, soil can be parameterized in such a way as to accurately describe its possible behavior under service loading. Of great interest is the phenomenon of consolidation, which is based on the reduction of soil volume ov
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34

Forsythe, Perry, and Grace Ding. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Excavation on Residential Construction Sites." Construction Economics and Building 14, no. 4 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v14i4.4195.

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Despite considerable research concerning the manifestation of greenhouse gases in the usage of buildings, little has been done concerning emissions arising from the construction process itself. This paper specifically examines emissions arising from cut and fill excavation on residential construction sites. Even though such excavation is often seen as being economical in terms of providing a flat base for concrete raft slab construction, the environmental consequences of this approach need to be considered more fully in terms of impact on the environment. This is particularly important when st
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35

Zhong, Zhibin, Xiaotong He, Shangheng Huang, et al. "The Influence of Soft Soil, Pile–Raft Foundation and Bamboo on the Bearing Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structure." Buildings 15, no. 13 (2025): 2302. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132302.

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Pile–raft foundations are widely used in soft soil engineering due to their good integrity and high stiffness. However, traditional design methods independently design pile–raft foundations and superstructures, ignoring their interaction. This leads to significant deviations from actual conditions when the superstructure height increases, resulting in excessive costs and adverse effects on building stability. This study experimentally investigates the interaction characteristics of pile–raft foundations and superstructures in soft soil under different working conditions using a 1:10 geometric
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Samorodov, Oleksandr, Sergii Tabachnikov, Oleksii Dytiuk, and Oleksandr Bondar. "Field Studies of the Stressed State of the «soil base – combined pile raft foundation» System of the Multifunctional Complex in Kharkiv City." Bases and Foundations, no. 46 (June 26, 2023): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.46.2023.38-48.

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In the projects of buildings and structures, in the last two to twenty-five years, in world practice, the so-called combined pile raft foundation (CPRF) is increasingly used, for which, in the design and calculations, it is assumed that the calculated load from the building is distributed between the piles and the raft, allowing up to 50% inclusion in the work (resistance) of the raft. As part of the scientific and technical support [1-8] of the construction object, instrumental automated monitoring of the stress state of the «soil foundation - combined pile raft foundation» system of the mult
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Suroshe, Digambar Ramchandra, and Hemant Sharad Chore. "Effect of raft thickness and soil modulus on frequency and amplitude of building frame." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 2, no. 1 (2020): 014–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4467328.

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The paper presents the limited study on the evaluation of the response of the dynamic soil structure interaction analysis of a two storeyed building frame resting on raft foundation using finite element method. The components of the building frame such as beams, columns and slabs along with the raft are modeled using 20 noded isoparametric continuum elements. The soil surrounding the foundation is modeled in the simplified manner using discrete independent springs. The interface of soil and raft has been accounted for by incorporating 16 node interface elements in the modeling. Further, the co
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Hamid, Roszilah, Noor Azim Mohd Radzi, and Azrul A. Mutalib. "Effect of Spalling Depth on the Fire Behaviour Simulation of High-Volume Fly Ash Nano-Silica Reinforced Concrete Slab at Various Fire Curves." Bulletin of Civil Engineering 3, no. 2 (2023): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/bce.v3i2.17897.

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Pengelupasan beton ditandai dengan pemisahan elemen beton yang berulang-ulang yang terpapar suhu tinggi. Karena struktur mikronya yang padat, beton mutu tinggi cenderung menyerpih dan kehilangan kekuatannya. Makalah ini menyajikan simulasi perilaku termal pelat beton bertulang (RC) abu terbang isipadu tinggi isipadu tinggi abu terbang (HSHVFANS) beton bertulang (RC) kekuatan tinggi yang terpapar berbagai kurva api (HC, RABT-ZTV, dan RWS) menggunakan analisis elemen hingga (FE). Dua model FE, yaitu No Spalling (NS) dan Maximum Spalling (MS) divalidasi dengan uji api pelat HSHVFANS RC yang terpa
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39

Broster, Bruce E., and Allen A. Seaman. "Glacigenic rafting of weathered granite: Charlie Lake, New Brunswick." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 4 (1991): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-056.

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Glaciation in the area of Charlie Lake, New Brunswick, has produced a granitic till very similar in appearance to weathered bedrock. Portions of weathered granite were moved intact and redeposited as imbricated rafts under basal till. The rafts vary from 0.3 to 2 m in thickness over a 10 m wide exposure and show deep weathering zones and brittle deformation, despite the fact that they are highly friable. The rafts are separated by glacigenic fault planes defined by lenses of diamict and rare clasts of distant origin. They are recognizable only in excavations where fault planes can be seen to d
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40

Toy, Ahmet Tuğrul, and Barış Sevim. "Structural response of multi-story building subjected to blast load." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 5, no. 1 (2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2022.01013021.

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This paper aims to present blasting effects on the structural response of a 5-story building considering its columns, shear walls, beams, slabs, raft foundation, masonry walls, and windows. A building with a geometry of 12×20 m in plan and a height of 15.5 m is considered. The three-dimensional finite element model of the building is constituted using ANSYS Workbench and blasting analysis is explicitly performed in ANSYS AUTODYN. TNT is exploded to give blasting effects on the structure. The duration of the explosion is set to 3-msec. Stresses, displacements, material status, and pressures due
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Turhan, Şeref, Elif Gören, Ahmed M. K. Garad, et al. "Radiometric measurement of lignite coal and its by-products and assessment of the usability of fly ash as raw materials in Turkey." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 7 (2018): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2017-2863.

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Abstract Lignite coal (LC) is a key energy source for electricity generation in Turkey. During lignite burning, huge amounts of fly ash (FA), bottom ash and slag are produced as by-products which contain radionuclides in the natural radioactive series of uranium and thorium, and radioactive potassium. These radionuclides may lead to radiological exposure of workers and the public and cause environmental problems. Therefore, finding diverse uses for the by-products in the construction sector and earthwork applications has considerable economic and environmental importance. In this study, the ac
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Khirird, Vaishnav V., Shailesh B. Varma, Kamlesh R. Wakle, Parth H. Kakade, and Prof A. A. Jagtap. "Hybrid Foundation A New Era in Load Bearing System i.e. Hybrid Foundation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 2099–103. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67760.

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Abstract: India's rapid urbanization and diverse geological conditions pose significant challenges to traditional foundation systems. Conventional foundations, such as raft and isolated footings, often struggle to support structures in flood-prone regions, seismic zones, and areas with weak soil conditions. The increasing frequency of natural disasters, soil erosion, and groundwater fluctuations further complicates the stability of buildings and infrastructure. To address these challenges, Hybrid Foundations—a combination of shallow and deep foundation techniques—are emerging as a viable solut
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Knezović, Pavao. "Autorstvo »Paše duhovne«." Nova prisutnost XVI, no. 3 (2018): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31192/np.16.3.4.

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Biskup fra Rafo Barišić, dok se nalazio u Rimu zbog spora s upravom provincije Bosne srebrene, sakupio je nekoliko knjižica na talijanskom i latinskom jeziku (prvenstveno onih koje donose molitve za čije su moljenje razne oproste dali pojedini pape) i, uz pomoć svoga tajnika fra Marka Kalamuta, sastavio je molitvenu knjigu nazvanu »Paša duhovna« (Rim, 1842.) koju je narod jednostavno nazivao »Biskupova knjiga«. U njezinu predgovoru (str. 5-15) Barišić je obradio gotovo potpun program ilirskog preporoda. Međutim, u ovom se radu nastoji pružiti suvisao odgovor zbog čega se u svim biografijama »P
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44

Peng, Xiongfeng, Zhihua Liu, Weiming Li, Yamin Mao, and Qiang Wang. "OAMaskFlow: Occlusion-Aware Motion Mask for Scene Flow." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 6 (2025): 6497–505. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i6.32696.

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The scene flow estimation methods make significant progress by estimating pixel-wise 3D motion on implicitly learning a motion embedding using an end-to-end differentiable optimization framework. However, the motion embedding learned implicitly is insufficient for grouping pixels into rigid object in challenging regions, such as occlusion and inconsistent multi-view geometric properties. To address this issue, we propose a novel method for estimating scene flow called OAMaskFlow, which has three novelties. Firstly, we propose the concept of occlusion-aware motion (OAM) mask and generate the gr
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Rahman, Nurharniza Abdul, Siti Hawa Hamzah, Amirullah Maat, et al. "SteFib ECC Built a Resilience Infrastructure." E3S Web of Conferences 576 (2024): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202457605001.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 9 calls for resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation. Echoing this vision, construction industries have prioritised resilient structure and sustainable design while optimising economic and wealth growth. The use of steel fibre (SteFib) as scattered reinforcement in building design and construction had been explored. SteFib has been designed as reinforcement in the structural components of the building namely, raft foundation, floor and roof slabs, wall panel and column. Prototype of an Industrialised
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B R Shilpa, Dr G Narayana, Dr B K Narendra. "The Behaviour of Building Frames on Raft Foundation using Dynamic Analysis." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 6 (2024): 4008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i6.4362.

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When designing building frames for seismic reasons, the effect of soil flexibility is typically disregarded, and the design is executed using the outcomes of dynamic analysis with a fixed base condition. Because the overall lateral stiffness of the structure decreases as a result of soil flexibility, the lateral natural period lengthens. The building frames situated on the Raft foundation may experience a significant change in seismic response due to this extension of the lateral natural period (T). Therefore, it is imperative to consider the soil's flexibility, also known as soil structure in
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47

Dupré, Loïc, Grazia Andolfi, Stuart G. Tangye, et al. "SAP controls the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells against EBV-infected cells." Blood 105, no. 11 (2005): 4383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-08-3269.

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Abstract The adaptor protein SAP regulates signaling through signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–family receptors expressed on T and natural killer (NK) cells. In patients affected by X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, mutations in the SH2D1A gene result in defective lytic activity. However, the mechanism by which SAP controls cytotoxic activity remains unclear. T-cell–receptor (TCR) activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) results in down-regulation of SAP, suggesting that this protein is involved in early activation events. Here, we show that SAP-deficient CTLs from
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48

Miljković, Nemanja, Mladen Milićević, Svetlana Ristić, Darko Popović, and Vanja Alendar. "Kula Belgrade - Part 2: Specifics of construction of Kula structure." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije 65, no. 1 (2022): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2201023m.

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Kula Belgrade is the tallest building within the Belgrade Waterfront Project located on the right bank of the Sava River. It is envisaged as the future landmark of Belgrade and the pivotal point of Belgrade Waterfront development. It consists of a 168m high - 42 store tower, a podium and an eccentric basement. It is one of the rare towers in the world in which the bottom and the top parts are mutually rotated by 90° in plan and where such a transition is achieved through 7 floors - a configuration that imposes significant demands to the structure. While the 1st part of the article addressed sp
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49

Nazarchuk, Evgeny V., Dmitri O. Charkin, Dmitri V. Kozlov, Oleg I. Siidra, and Stepan N. Kalmykov. "Topological analysis of the layered uranyl compounds bearing slabs with UO2:TO4 ratio of 2:3." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 4 (2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3183.

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AbstractNine new templated uranyl sulfates and selenates, [(H9O4)2(H2O)][(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)2] (H9US), [(C5H7 NO)2(H2O)][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)2](H2O) (OUSe), [C6H6N3][H5O2] [(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] (BH5USe), [C6H6N3][H7O3][(UO2)2(SO4)3 (H2O)](H2O) (BH7US), [C6H16N][H5O2][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] (TeH5USe), [C6H18N2][(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)] (TmUS), [H5O2]2 [(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)](H2O) (H5USe-1), [H5O2]2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3 (H2O)2](H2O)9 (H5USe-2), and [C4H14N2][(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)](H2O) (DmUSe) have been prepared by isothermal evaporation of aqueous solutions containing extra sulfuric or selenic acid. Their crystal structu
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Muhammad, K. Rahman, Ibrahim Mohammed, Al Omran Zaki, S. Barry Mohammed, and Al Nahdi Fahad. "Durability Modeling for Enhancing the Service Life of a Building Constructed on a Reclaimed Land in the Sea." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.622.

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In reinforced concrete structures constructed on the coastline of the hypersaline Arabian Gulf water, corrosion of reinforcing steel causes cracking, delamination and spalling of concrete, within a time span of a few years. The King Abdullah Civic Center (KACC), being constructed on a reclaimed land off the coastline in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, is a major complex with wharves, quay walls, and breakwater and commercial buildings. To ensure the durability of buildings in the harsh marine environment and to provide a minimum service life of 35 years, a concrete mix in which 70% of Port
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