Journal articles on the topic 'Radionuclide library'
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1
Smith, L. E., J. E. Ellis, A. E. Valsan, C. E. Aalseth, and H. S. Miley. "A coincidence signature library for multicoincidence radionuclide analysis systems." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 51, no. 3 (June 2004): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2004.829435.
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Van Wyk, Bronwin P., Francis Hasford, Nozipho E. Nyakale, M. Mboyo-Di-Tamba Vangu, Bertus Oelofse, and Hector M. Leboea. "Critical Appraisal of Radionuclide Calibrators and Gamma Cameras Prior to Lutetium-177 Internal Dosimetry at Two South African Hospitals." World Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21, no. 01 (March 2022): 044–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1746173.
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Abstract Introduction The functionality of radionuclide dose calibrator and nuclear medicine imaging systems hasa direct effect on the accuracy and preciseness of internal dosimetry evaluations. Our study, therefore, aimed to critically appraise the radionuclide calibrators and gamma cameras prior to Lutetium-177 (177Lu) internal dosimetry in a developing country. Materials and Methods Two radionuclide calibrators' and three gamma cameras at two South African hospitals were critically appraised in preparation for internal dosimetry of 177Lu. The radionuclide calibrators' accuracy, linearity, and sample volume abilities were appraised. For the three gamma cameras, the uniformity, energy resolution, center of rotation, and collimator sensitivity were appraised. These appraisals were performed between the years 2014 and 2019. Results The radionuclide calibrators' constancy, accuracy, linearity, and sample volume were within ± 5%. We also integrated a 177Lu calibration factor into one radionuclide calibrator's library. The three gamma cameras' uniformity was within 2 to 5%, energy resolution within 11%, center of rotation within 2 mm, and the sensitivity recorded for all low energy high resolution collimator. Conclusion Our radionuclide calibrators passed the critical appraisal and may be confidently used for assaying 177Lu. All three cameras also passed critical appraisal and may be used to assess organ absorbed dose.
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Hartati, Sri, and Naomi Heriputranti. "STUDI LITERATUR TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI VESIKA URINARIA PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN KLINIS VESICOURETERAL RELFLUX (VUR)." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 4, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v4i1.83.
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Background: VUR (Vesicoureteral Reflux) is a condition in which urine flows back from the bladder to one or both ureters or sometimes to the kidneys. Several types of modalities are used to support this clinical examination. The modalities that can be used to support this examination include: Voiding Cystourethrography, DRCG (Direct Radionuclide Cystourethrography), ceVUS (Contrast Enhancement Voiding Urosonography), and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Methods: This research is a type of research that is library research, a method of collecting library data or research where the object of research is explored through a variety of library information (books, proceedings, articles and scientific journals).
Results: Radiological examination of the clinical bladder with VUR can be performed with various radiological modalities including Voiding Cystourethrography, Direct Radionuclide Cystography (DRCG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Contrast Enhancement Urosonography (ceVUS). Each examination uses a contrast material that is adjusted to the modality used.
Conclusions: From the various modalities that can be used, it is assessed from the level of effectiveness and efficiency as well as the minimum radiation exposure dose. The ceVUS technique is the most appropriate technique to describe VUR because it does not use ionizing radiation but this technique will be difficult to perform in certain conditions such as the pathological condition of the patient.
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Cruickshank, Dana R., and Leonard G. Luyt. "The development of organometallic OBOC peptide libraries and sequencing of N-terminal rhenium(I) tricarbonyl-containing peptides utilizing MALDI tandem mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 2 (February 2015): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0259.
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The development of peptide-based imaging agents through screening of large peptide libraries is hindered by the additional requirement of a radionuclide−chelator complex that can negatively affect the binding properties of the peptide. Herein, we report N-terminal rhenium(I)tricarbonyl OBOC (one-bead, one-compound) peptide libraries for use in the direct screening of potential imaging agents. The rhenium(I) tricarbonyl is incorporated directly in the library as an imaging entity surrogate to account for the presence of a technetium-99m radionuclide chelate. The identification of unknown organometallic peptides on single beads is successfully accomplished through MALDI tandem mass spectrometry, preceded by a systematic investigation of the effects of a variety of N-terminal rhenium(I) tricarbonyl chelates on peptide fragmentation patterns.
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Lagari, Pola Lydia, Styliani Pantopoulou, Miltos Alamaniotis, and Lefteri H. Tsoukalas. "Development of a Gamma-Ray Radionuclide Library for the Identification of Gamma Spectra." Nuclear Technology 207, no. 8 (January 28, 2021): 1270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1816743.
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Breidokaite, Simona, and Gediminas Stankunas. "Activities in Divertor Reflector and Linear Plates Using WCLL and HCPB Breeding Blanket Concepts." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 8305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248305.
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In fusion devices, such as European Demonstration Fusion Power Reactor (EU DEMO), primary neutrons can cause material activation due to the interaction between the source particles and the targeting material. Subsequently, the reactor’s inner components become activated. For safety and safe performance purposes, it is necessary to evaluate neutron-induced activities. Activities results from divertor reflector and liner plates are presented in this work. The purpose of liner shielding plates is to protect the vacuum vessel and magnet coils from neutrons. As for reflector plates, the function is to shield the cooling components under plasma-facing components from alpha particles, thermal effects, and impurities. Plates are made of Eurofer with a 3 mm layer of tungsten, while the water is used for cooling purposes. The calculations were performed using two EU DEMO MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particles) models with different breeding blanket configurations: helium-cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water-cooled lithium lead (WCLL). The TENDL–2017 nuclear data library has been used for activation reactions cross-sections and nuclear reactions. Activation calculations were performed using the FISPACT-II code at the end of irradiation for cooling times of 0 s–1000 years. Radionuclide analysis of divertor liner and reflector plates is also presented in this paper. The main radionuclides, with at least 1% contribution to the total value of activation characteristics, were identified for the previously mentioned cooling times.
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Mitran, Bogdan, Vladimir Tolmachev, and Anna Orlova. "Radiolabeled GRPR Antagonists for Imaging of Disseminated Prostate Cancer - Influence of Labeling Chemistry on Targeting Properties." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 41 (December 8, 2020): 7090–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200312114902.
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Background: Radionuclide molecular imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) expression promises unparalleled opportunities for visualizing subtle prostate tumors, which due to small size, adjacent benign tissue, or a challenging location would otherwise remain undetected by conventional imaging. Achieving high imaging contrast is essential for this purpose and the molecular design of any probe for molecular imaging of prostate cancer should be aimed at obtaining as high tumor-to-organ ratios as possible. Objective: This short review summarizes the key imaging modalities currently used in prostate cancer, with a special focus on radionuclide molecular imaging. Emphasis is laid mainly on the issue of radiometals labeling chemistry and its influence on the targeting properties and biodistribution of radiolabeled GRPR antagonists for imaging of disseminated prostate cancer. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus library databases was conducted to find relevant articles. Results: The combination of radionuclide, chelator and required labeling chemistry was shown to have a significant influence on the stability, binding affinity and internalization rate, off-target interaction with normal tissues and blood proteins, interaction with enzymes, activity uptake and retention in excretory organs and activity uptake in tumors of radiolabeled bombesin antagonistic analogues. Conclusion: Labeling chemistry has a very strong impact on the biodistribution profile of GRPRtargeting peptide based imaging probes and needs to be considered when designing a targeting probe for high contrast molecular imaging. Taking into account the complexity of in vivo interactions, it is not currently possible to accurately predict the optimal labeling approach. Therefore, a detailed in vivo characterization and optimization is essential for the rational design of imaging agents.
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Hamid, Mohamad Amin Bin, Hoe Guan Beh, Yusuff Afeez Oluwatobi, Xiao Yan Chew, and Saba Ayub. "Generation of Proton- and Alpha-Induced Nuclear Cross-Section Data via Random Forest Algorithm: Production of Radionuclide 111In." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 6969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156969.
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We investigated the generation of proton- and alpha-induced nuclear cross-section data in the production of Indium-111 (111In) for application in nuclear medicine. Here, we are interested in three reaction channels, which are 109Ag (α, 2n), 111Cd (p, n) and 112Cd (p, 2n), in the production of 111In. A random forest algorithm was used to generate nuclear cross-section data by using an experimental nuclear cross-section from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR) database as input. Hence, reasonably accurate regression curves of nuclear cross-section data could be produced with the evaluated nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII.0 set as the benchmark.
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Zelchan, R. V., A. A. Medvedeva, O. D. Bragina, A. N. Ribina, A. I. Ryabova, V. I. Chernov, and E. L. Choynzonov. "Modern methods for radionuclide diagnosis of tumors and non-tumor pathologies of the brain." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 20, no. 4 (January 3, 2022): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2021-4-131-142.
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The review analyzes the global experience in the application of nuclear medicine techniques for diagnosis of tumors and non-tumor pathologies of the brain. The main groups of radiopharmaceuticals currently used for imaging of malignant brain tumors and diagnosis of cognitive impairments and neurotransmitter system disturbances by means of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography are described.Modern approaches to the application of methods for radionuclide diagnosis in neuro-oncology and neurology are compared, and the main trends in production of new, more specific radiopharmaceuticals for visualizing brain tumors of various degrees of malignancy and diagnosing non-tumor pathologies of the brain are described. The review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of currently used techniques and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging of central nervous system disorders, depending on the clinical situation and specific diagnostic tasks.In addition, the review presents consolidated recommendations of the leading scientific schools in neuro-oncology on the use of nuclear medicine techniques in patients with brain tumors at the stages of treatment and follow-up. The presented article examines the experience of domestic scientific schools in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for neuro-oncology. The features of the development and use of new radiopharmaceuticals in patients with brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases are highlighted. The review is based on the analysis of literature included in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, and RSCI databases.
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Liang, Steven H., and Neil Vasdev. "Total Radiosynthesis: Thinking Outside ‘the Box'." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 9 (2015): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15406.
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The logic of total synthesis transformed a stagnant state of chemistry when there was a paucity of methods and reagents to synthesize pharmaceuticals. Molecular imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) is now experiencing a renaissance in the way radiopharmaceuticals are synthesized; however, a paradigm shift is desperately needed in the radiotracer discovery pipeline to accelerate drug development. As with most drugs, most radiotracers also fail, therefore expeditious evaluation of tracers in preclinical models before optimization or derivatization of the lead molecules is necessary. Furthermore the exact position of the 11C and 18F radionuclide in tracers is often critical for metabolic considerations, and flexible methodologies to introduce radionuclides are needed. A challenge in PET radiochemistry is the limited choice of labelled building blocks available with carbon-11 (11C; half-life ~20 min) and fluorine-18 (18F; half-life ~2 h). In fact, most drugs cannot be labelled with 11C or 18F owing to a lack of efficient and diverse radiosynthetic methods. Routine radiopharmaceutical production generally relies on the incorporation of the isotope at the last or penultimate step of synthesis. Such reactions are conducted within the constraints of an automated synthesis unit (‘box’), which has further stifled the exploration of multistep reactions with short-lived radionuclides. Radiopharmaceutical synthesis can be transformed by considering logic of total synthesis to develop novel approaches for 11C- and 18F-radiolabelling complex molecules via retrosynthetic analysis and multistep reactions. As a result of such exploration, new methods, reagents, and radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo imaging studies are discovered and are critical to work towards our ultimate, albeit impossible goal – a concept we term as total radiosynthesis – to radiolabel virtually any molecule. In this account, we show how multistep radiochemical reactions have impacted our radiochemistry program, with prominent examples from others, focusing on impact towards human imaging studies. As the goal of total synthesis is to be concise, we strive to simplify the syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals. New clinically useful strategies, including [11C]CO2 fixation, which has enabled library radiosynthesis, as well as radiofluorination of non-activated arenes via iodonium ylides are highlighted. We also showcase state-of-the-art automation technologies, including microfluidic flow chemistry for radiopharmaceutical production.
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Howell, Robertha C., Ekaterina Revskaya, Valeria Pazo, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Arturo Casadevall, and Ekaterina Dadachova. "Phage Display Library Derived Peptides that Bind to Human Tumor Melanin as Potential Vehicles for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma." Bioconjugate Chemistry 18, no. 6 (November 2007): 1739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc060330u.
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Vinokurova, T., Z. Malimon, V. Salata, T. Prokopenko, G. Kochetova, and L. Gusak. "Factors affecting the minimum detected activity of the GAMMAVISION software report protocol." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 98 (August 22, 2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9824.
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The article presents the results of a gamma- spectrometer study with a low- capacity scintillation (NaI(Tl)) detection unit, with software GammaVision v.8, adopted to solve certification problems, including for measuring activities close to zero. The list of factors influencing the presentation of the minimum detected activity (MDA) in the report protocol is analyzed software GammaVision v.8. To perform the measurements, the company´s ORTEC gamma-spectrometer with a low-capacity detection unit a type digiBASE-RH, in which a high-voltage power supply unit, amplifier, digital multi-channel analyzer with USB-connection to a computer with the installed driver are installed, was used. The peak search in the library was performed using a compressed version of the library, which contains two nuclides 137Cs and 40K. Methods of calculating MDA are based on the intensity of accounts. Nuclide activity is calculation for all peaks in the library, the energy of which is in the selected energy ranges for analysis. Measurements and calculations MDA under the given conditions of research for five methods depending on time of measurement and geometry of measurements are carried out. It is shown that the level of MDA can be reduced by choosing the optimal conditions, time of measurement and geometry of measurements. Recommendations are given for the use of capacity for counting sample, which will reduce the amount of substance required for analysis and optimize the time spent on measuring the counting sample. In a prospect it is expedient to undertake a study of dependence of MDA from the physical properties and radionuclide composition of the substance for the counting sample and the dependence from the uncertainty in the equation MDA.
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Mohammed, Raghad S. "Evaluating Cross Sections of Gallium Isotopes Production Using proton and deuteron Irradiation." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, no. 2 (April 11, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i2.516.
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In the present work, the production of the cross sections of three Gallium isotopes: 35
66
31Ga
(t1
⁄2 = 9.4h, β+ = 4.2MeV), 36
67
31Ga
(t1
⁄2=3.2617d, EC=100%) and 37
68
31Ga
(t1
⁄2 = 68min,
Iβ+ = 89%) have been discussed. The Gallium isotopes have important applications in nuclear
medicine, particularly in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Tomography
(SPET) imaging technique and used in tumors diagnosing. The production of irradiant
Ga 66
,
Ga 67
and
Ga 68
is made by irradiation of an enriched Zinc target using proton and deuteron
charged particles. Utilizing high cyclotron yield and low radionuclide impurities, the optimum
cyclotron energy range has been chosen for the production of Gallium isotopes. The cross
sections of (p,xn), (p,γ) and (d,xn) reactions for the production of Gallium isotopes have been
evaluated depending upon the empirical data taken from EXFOR library, which is belonging to
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Also the yield for each reaction has been evaluated
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Allott, Louis, Suraiya Dubash, and Eric O. Aboagye. "[18F]FET-βAG-TOCA: The Design, Evaluation and Clinical Translation of a Fluorinated Octreotide." Cancers 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040865.
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The success of Lutathera™ ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE) in the NETTER-1 clinical trial as a peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for somatostatin receptor expressing (SSTR) neuroendocrine tumours (NET) is likely to increase the demand for patient stratification by positron emission tomography (PET). The current gold standard of gallium-68 radiolabelled somatostatin analogues (e.g., [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE) works effectively, but access is constrained by the limited availability and scalability of gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical production. The aim of this review is three-fold: firstly, we discuss the peptide library design, biological evaluation and clinical translation of [18F]fluoroethyltriazole-βAG-TOCA ([18F]FET-βAG-TOCA), our fluorine-18 radiolabelled octreotide; secondly, to exemplify the potential of the 2-[18F]fluoroethylazide prosthetic group and copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry in accessing good manufacturing practice (GMP) compatible radiopharmaceuticals; thirdly, we aim to illustrate a framework for the translation of similarly radiolabelled peptides, in which in vivo pharmacokinetics drives candidate selection, supported by robust radiochemistry methodology and a route to GMP production. It is hoped that this review will continue to inspire the development and translation of fluorine-18 radiolabelled peptides into clinical studies for the benefit of patients.
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Drovnikov, Viktor, Nikita Egorov, Valeriy Zhivun, Aleksandr Kadushkin, and Viktor Kovalenko. "Evaluation of Feasibility of Gamma-Spectrometer NaI PAK-01 and SAS Na M3 Software Application for Regular Radionuclide Analysis of NPP Permissible Wastes." ANRI, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37414/2075-1338-2021-107-4-52-59.
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The feasibility of correct NaI gamma-spectrometry activity measurement for each nuclide in 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 133Xe, 135mXe, 135Xe and 222Rn composition is presented. To get this result the special matrix method M3 and SAS Na M3 software were used for spectra processing. SAS Na M3 software was developed for complex NaI gamma-spectra processing. Special algorithms and auxiliary software are used to overcome the problems of the classic spectra processing matrix method. Being used for spectrum processing SAS Na M3 software determines the nuclide composition of the sample, activity of nuclides identified and activities uncertainties. The activity values estimation is made for nuclides not identified in the sample measured but included in SAS Na M3 software nuclides library. The values of minimal detectable activities for NaI ∅3''× 3'' gamma-spectrometer and 1 hour measuring time are ~ 0.6 Bq for 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I and ~ 2 Bq for 135I.
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Alevroudis, Emmanouil, Maria-Eleni Spei, Sofia N. Chatziioannou, Marina Tsoli, Göran Wallin, Gregory Kaltsas, and Kosmas Daskalakis. "Clinical Utility of 18F-FDG PET in Neuroendocrine Tumors Prior to Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13081813.
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The role of 18F-FDG PET in patients with variable grades of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) prior to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has not been adequately elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of 18F-FDG PET status on disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients receiving PRRT. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to July 2020 and used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) criteria to assess quality/risk of bias. A total of 5091 articles were screened. In 12 studies, 1492 unique patients with NETs of different origins were included. The DCR for patients with negative 18F-FDG PET status prior to PRRT initiation was 91.9%, compared to 74.2% in patients with positive 18F-FDG PET status (random effects odds ratio (OR): 4.85; 95% CI: 2.27–10.36). Adjusted analysis of pooled hazard ratios (HRs) confirmed longer PFS and OS in NET patients receiving PRRT with negative 18F-FDG PET (random effects HR:2.45; 95%CIs: 1.48–4.04 and HR:2.25; 95% CIs:1.55–3.28, respectively). In conclusion, 18F-FDG PET imaging prior to PRRT administration appears to be a useful tool in NET patients to predict tumor response and survival outcomes and a negative FDG uptake of the tumor is associated with prolonged PFS and OS.
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Kambali, Imam. "Calculated Radioactivity Yields of Gallium-67 using Matlab Codes." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2019.21.1.5679.
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In nuclear medicine, gallium-67 (67Ga) is potentially applied for imaging a certain type of tissue. In this investigation, 67Ga is theoretically studied in terms of its potential radioactivity yields at the end of various energetic proton bombardments. Nuclear cross-sections derived from the Talys Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (TENDL) 2017 were used as the input files, while a Matlab code was developed to perform the yield calculations of 67Zn(p,n)67Ga and 68Zn(p,2n)67Ga nuclear reactions to produce 67Ga. Two different targets – enriched 67Zn and natZn targets – were simulated in the calculations. The calculated yields suggested that a maximum of 27.37 MBq/µAh could be achieved when enriched 67Zn target was irradiated with 15-MeV protons, whereas 46.99 MBq/µAh could be generated following a 30 MeV proton bombardment of enriched 68Zn target. Various radioactive gallium impurities, i.e. 63,64,65,66,68,70Ga and stable 69Ga isotope were also expected to be generated mostly via (p,n) and (p,2n) reactions when natZn target was used in the 67Ga production. In contrast, radioactive 66Ga and 68Ga impurities were mainly produced following bombardment of enriched 67Zn and 68Zn targets. This study can be used as a reference for future 67Ga radionuclide production.
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Feola, Tiziana, Roberta Centello, Franz Sesti, Giulia Puliani, Monica Verrico, Valentina Di Vito, Cira Di Gioia, et al. "Neuroendocrine Carcinomas with Atypical Proliferation Index and Clinical Behavior: A Systematic Review." Cancers 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061247.
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Background: Highly proliferative (G3) neuroendocrine neoplasms are divided into well differentiated tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated carcinomas (NECs), based on the morphological appearance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinicopathological features and the treatment response of the NEC subgroup with a Ki67 labeling index (LI) < 55%. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus between December 2019 and April 2020, last update in October 2020. We included studies reporting data on the clinicopathological characteristics, survival, and/or therapy efficacy of patients with NECs, in which the Ki67 LI was specified. Results: 8 papers were included, on a total of 268 NEC affected patients. NECs with a Ki67 LI < 55% have been reported in patients of both sexes, mainly of sixth decade, pancreatic origin, and large-cell morphology. The prevalent treatment choice was chemotherapy, followed by surgery and, in only one study, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The subgroup of patients with NEC with a Ki67 LI < 55% showed longer overall survival and progression free survival and higher response rates than the subgroup of patients with a tumor with higher Ki67 LI (≥55%). Conclusions: NECs are heterogeneous tumors. The subgroup with a Ki67 LI < 55% has a better prognosis and should be treated and monitored differently from NECs with a Ki67 LI ≥ 55%.
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Liu, Tingting, Jiehao Liao, Jun Dang, and Guang Li. "Treatments for patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors: a network meta-analysis." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 11 (January 2019): 175883591985367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835919853673.
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Background: It remains unknown which is the most effective regimen among the available therapies for advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We performed a network meta-analysis to address this important issue. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and major international scientific meetings were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Progression-free survival (PFS) data was the primary outcome of interest, and overall survival (OS) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were the secondary outcomes of interests, reported as hazard ratio (HR), or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Included in the meta-analysis were 21 eligible articles reporting 15 RCTs with a total of 2922 patients randomized to receive 11 treatments. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) showed significant PFS advantage over somatostatin analogs (SSA) (HR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11–0.41), everolimus (HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11–0.53), sunitinib (HR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10–0.82), everolimus+SSA (HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12–0.54), and everolimus+bevacizumab (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.82). OS findings were not significantly different between treatments. In terms of treatment rankings of PFS, PRRT had the highest probability (96%) of being the most effective treatment, followed by SSA+bevacizumab (86%) and SSA+interferon-α (IFN-α) (78%). As for toxicity, risk of SAEs was similar between the three treatments. Based on the benefit–risk ratio, PRRT, SSA+bevacizumab, and SSA+IFN-α seemed to be the best, second-, and third-best treatment, respectively. Conclusions: PRRT is likely to be the most preferable treatment for patients with advanced well-differentiated NETs. SSA+bevacizumab and SSA+IFN-α also seem to be more effective regimens with limited risk of SAEs.
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Solodkiy, V. A., D. K. Fomin, S. V. Goncharov, and S. A. Kukushkina. "Modern approaches to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer (literature review)." Siberian journal of oncology 21, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-1-122-129.
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Background. Gastric cancer (GS ) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in Russia and worldwide. In 40 % of cases, GC is diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus increasing the risk of distant metastasis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from GC is one of the most common pathways of dissemination, with a median survival time of less than 6 months.Aim. To study various modern approaches to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer.Material and Methods. Literature search was performed in Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, Scopus, PubMed systems.Results. Currently, there is a wide variety of approaches to combined modality treatment of metastatic GC . Various options of cytoreductive surgeries are being developed. These surgeries are combined with neoadjuvant/adjuvant, intra-abdominal chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, the results of studies on improving survival and reducing recurrence in patients with advanced GC are contradictory. Currently, patients with morphologically and cytologically confirmed free cancer cells in the peritoneal lavage without visualized intra-abdominal metastatic lesions are the most controversial group for the choice of appropriate treatment. Gastric cancer recurrence in these patients occurs within 2 years. In addition, the 5-year survival rate in patients with the presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal washings amounts for 2 %. One of the most effective experimental treatments for peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric and ovarian cancers was intra-abdominal radionuclide therapy using colloidal198Au. The main advantage of the method was the complete cessation of the formation of effusion into the abdominal cavity in ascites forms of the disease. However, due to the high intestinal toxicity of radioactive gold tracer and radiation exposure to patients and medical staff, further work was stopped.Conclusion. Thus, the search of the most effective tactic of peritoneal carcinomatosis treatment in patients with advanced GC is still in progress.
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Hasan, Glara Fuad, Edrees Muhammad-Tahir Nury, and Flavia Groppi. "Evaluation of cross-section data for radionuclides used in positron emission tomography by effects of level density models using EMPIRE 3.2.2 code." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 22, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2021.03.237.
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This work presents the evaluated results of cross-sections for natural chromium (natCr) with several nuclear reactions of natCr(d,x)52g,m+Mn, natCr(d,x)54Mn, natCr(d,x)51Cr, and natCr(d,x)48V using the statistical nuclear model EMPIRE 3.2.2 code with different level density models, for some radionuclides used in positron emission tomography. We compared the results to data sets found in literature, and data chosen from various sets of the electronic TENDL library.
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Vilkhivskaya, Olga, and Mark Gilbert. "NUCLEAR DATA V&V ANALYSIS FOR FUSION APPLICATIONS: INTEGRAL BENCHMARKS AND DECAY DATA." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710015.
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A reliable estimation of the operational parameters is one of the primary concerns in the design of magnetic fusion devices such as ITER and DEMO. Methods of diagnostics and control over the critical plasma parameters determining its stability and efficiency rely on the high-energy neutron field monitoring. Extreme operational environment, such as high-energy neutron flux, electromagnetic radiation, and high temperatures might reduce the performance of the detector systems. Therefore, research and development activities in detector prototyping are carried out to address this problem. To predict the performance of the detector materials, simulations using the latest releases of the nuclear data libraries as input for the inventory codes are carried out. This paper describes the latest validation and verification (V&V) benchmark exercise for FISPACT-II & TENDL-2017 based on the fusion decay heat measurements performed at the Japanese FNS facility for the materials in the diagnostic components for the radiation measurements. The breakdown of decay-heat contributions from individual radionuclides have been employed to interpret the simulated results, benchmark the data against the experimental measurements, and revise the neutron-induced reactions cross-section and decay data for the associated radionuclides for the upcoming release of the TENDL-2019 nuclear data library.
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Chen, Kuo-Ting, Kevin Nguyen, Christian Ieritano, Feng Gao, and Yann Seimbille. "A Flexible Synthesis of 68Ga-Labeled Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX)-Targeted Molecules via CBT/1,2-Aminothiol Click Reaction." Molecules 24, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010023.
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We herein describe a flexible synthesis of a small library of 68Ga-labeled CAIX-targeted molecules via an orthogonal 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT)/1,2-aminothiol click reaction. Three novel CBT-functionalized chelators (1–3) were successfully synthesized and labeled with the positron emitter gallium-68. Cross-ligation between the pre-labeled bifunctional chelators (BFCs) and the 1,2-aminothiol-acetazolamide derivatives (8 and 9) yielded six new 68Ga-labeled CAIX ligands with high radiochemical yields. The click reaction conditions were optimized to improve the reaction rate for applications with short half-life radionuclides. Overall, our methodology allows for a simple and efficient radiosynthetic route to produce a variety of 68Ga-labeled imaging agents for tumor hypoxia.
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Rødland, Gro Elise, Katrine Melhus, Roman Generalov, Sania Gilani, Francesco Bertoni, Jostein Dahle, Randi Syljuåsen, and Sebastian Patzke. "The Dual Cell Cycle Kinase Inhibitor JNJ-7706621 Reverses Resistance to CD37 Targeted Radioimmunotherapy in Activated B Cell like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123287.
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The CD37 targeting radioimmunoconjugate 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan (Betalutin®) is currently being evaluated as monotherapy in a clinical phase 2b trial for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) and in a phase 1 trial for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as in a phase 1b trial in combination with rituximab for patients with relapsed/refractory FL. Herein we have investigated the effect of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in seven activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCL cell lines. Although the radioimmunoconjugate showed anti-tumor activity, primary resistance was observed in a subset of cell lines: U-2932 and RIVA. Both cell lines are representative for TP53 deficient Double Expressor (DE) DLBCL. Importantly, resistance was not a consequence of reduced binding of the radioimmunoconjugate to cell surface expressed CD37. Thus, we set out to identify drugs able to overcome the resistance to 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in both resistant ABC-DLBCL cell lines. We performed a viability-based screen combining 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan with the 384-compound Cambridge Cancer Compound Library. Drug combinations were scored using Bliss and Chou-Talalay algorithms. We identified and characterized the dual-specific CDK1/2 and AURA/B kinase inhibitor JNJ-7706621 as compound able to revert the resistance to radioimmunotherapy (RIT), alongside topoisomerase and histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors. Kinetic studies of the effect of mono- and combination therapy of U-2932 and RIVA cells with JNJ-7706621 and 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan are suggestive of a model in which radiation damage induced G2-arrested lymphoma cells eventually enter mitosis (repair or escape) and mitotic entry, progression and exit are impaired by JNJ-7706621 mediated inhibition of CDK1/2 and AURKA/B. Extended residence-time of cells in mitosis due to chromosome condensation and congression defects as well as spindle and mid-spindle assembly failure is likely pivotal for the increased sensitivity to persistent 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan deposited DNA damage, ultimately promoting cytokinesis failure (multinucleation, aneuploidy, increased cell size) and cell death. In conclusion, CD37-targeting 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan RIT showed activity in several ABC-DLBCL lymphoma cell lines. CD37-independent RIT-resistance was identified in two cell lines representative of aggressive DE ABC-DLBCLs with inactive TP53, and reversed by subsequent inhibition of CDK1/2 and AURKA/B by JNJ-7706621. These findings may be of potential relevance for ongoing clinical trials of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in relapsed, ASCT-non-eligible DLBCL, and may also be more generally applicable to other 177Lu-based RITs and alternative radionuclide utilizing targeted therapies. Future pre-clinical investigations are required to elucidate the potential application of CDK1/2 and AURKA/B inhibitors as a strategy to revert RIT resistance in TP53 deficient cancers. Disclosures Rødland: Nordic Nanovector ASA: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Melhus:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Generalov:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Bertoni:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Research Funding; Oncology Therapeutic Development: Research Funding; PIQUR Therapeutics AG: Other: travel grant, Research Funding; HTG: Other: Expert Statements ; Amgen: Other: travel grants; Astra Zeneca: Other: travel grants; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Other: travel grants; NEOMED Therapeutics 1: Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Bayer AG: Research Funding; Cellestia: Research Funding; CTI Life Sciences: Research Funding; EMD Serono: Research Funding; Helsinn: Consultancy, Research Funding; ImmunoGen: Research Funding; Menarini Ricerche: Consultancy, Research Funding. Dahle:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Syljuåsen:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Patzke:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Patents & Royalties.
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Rødland, Gro Elise, Katrine Melhus, Jostein Dahle, Randi Syljuåsen, and Sebastian Patzke. "Cell Cycle Kinase Inhibitors Potentiate the Effect of 177lu-Lilotomab Satetraxetan in Treatment of Aggressive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-110200.
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Abstract Background CD37 is an internalizing transmembrane glycoprotein widely expressed on mature B-cells and B-cell malignancies. The next generation anti-CD37 radioimmunoconjugate (RIC) 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan (Betalutin®), containing the beta-emitting radionuclide lutetium-177, is currently being tested as one-time injection therapy in a clinical phase 2b trial for follicular lymphoma (FL) and phase 1 trial for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We recently reported the systems biology analysis of germinal center like (GCB) and activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCL cell lines to CD37 targeting radioimmunotherapy (RIT) (Melhus, et al., PF642 at EHA23, Stockholm, 2018). 177Lu-Lilotomab satetraxetan showed generally promising activity against DLBCL cell lines, but treatment resistance was evident in a subset of cell lines. Resistance was not attributable to differences in CD37 expression nor correlated to genetic hallmarks of aggressiveness such as aberrations in TP53, BCL2 and MYC. In the present study we aimed at identifying resistance reversing drug combinations with 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in two RIT resistant aggressive ABC-DLBCL cell lines. Materials and methods U-2932 and RIVA cells were treated for 18 hours with 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan (600 MBq/mg; 1 or 0.5 µg/ml), washed, and seeded on micro-well plates pre-printed with a drug library of 384 approved anti-cancer compounds at 10, 100, and 1000 nM (screen). For validation experiments, cells were treated with three different doses of 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan as described above and seeded on pre-printed plates with gradients of candidate hits ranging from 1-1280 nM. Cell viability was monitored at days 3 to 6 post seeding using a cell viability assay (RealTime-Glo™). Drug combinations were scored using Bliss and Chou-Talalay theorems. Results Compounds scoring in both cell lines included inhibitors targeting cell cycle kinases that regulate transition through mitosis, such as CDK1/2, AURKA/B, PLK1, as well as enzymes with important roles in DNA integrity surveillance and repair, such as topoisomerases. If the compounds also have or are being tested in clinical trials for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) they were considered candidates for further studies. PLK1 inhibitors BI2536 and GSK461364 potently inhibited cell proliferation at < 20 nM, with additional, but not synergistical benefit of combination with 177Lu-Lilotomab satetraxetan. The AURKA/B inhibitor Alisertib synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in combination treatment, but showed adverse effect at concentrations >160 nM, possibly owing to inhibition of a secondary target. The pan-CDK inhibitor JNJ-7706621 showed little effect alone but strongly synergized with 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan in inhibition of proliferation at doses > 80 nM. U-2932 and RIVA cells arrested in G2-phase with elevated DNA damage (flow cytometry; P-γ-H2AX and DNA staining) 18 hrs after treatment with 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan. Resistance reversal by anti-mitotics may thus underlie concomitant radiation during inhibitor mediated M-phase arrest of cells that eventually evaded G2-phase arrest. Conclusion In summary, combinatorial drug screening identified cell cycle kinase inhibitors as promising partners for combination treatment of aggressive DLBCL with 177Lu-lilotomab satetraxetan, warranting further exploration in pre-clinical models. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Rødland: Nordic Nanovector ASA: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Melhus:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Dahle:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Syljuåsen:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Patzke:Nordic Nanovector ASA: Employment, Patents & Royalties.
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Krechetnikov, Viktor V., Evgenia O. Krechetnikova, Igor E. Titov, and Nikolai G. Ivankin. "Creation of a GIS project of the results of testing technologies to reduce the accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural products." Geoinformatika, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2022-3-56-62.
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The article presents the results of the use of drones and GIS technologies during pilot testing of new types of agro-ameliorants and humic preparations to assess the effectiveness of reducing the accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural products grown on radioactively contaminated agricultural land in the Bryansk region. In the course of the work, an assessment of experimental farms was carried out to select the optimal sites for testing, as well as their digitization using an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a two-piece geodetic receiver to determine the exact geographical coordinates. Subsequently, with the help of a drone, fertilizer application was monitored, and the germination of agricultural plants was assessed after the application of agromeliorants.
Based on the received materials, a library of electronic maps of the territories where the work was carried out was created in the ArcGis software environment. They included 4 farms of the Novozybkov district and 2 farms of the Krasnogorsk district. The library of electronic maps included cartographic information on the types of land use, surface contamination of soils with 137Cs, types and granulometric composition of soils, their agrochemical parameters, germination, yield, reduction ratio of 137Cs inflow into crop and forage production, as well as on the boundaries of elementary experimental plots with the designation type of fertilizer applied.
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Bohuslavek, Jan, Jason W. Payne, Yong Liu, Harvey Bolton, and Luying Xun. "Cloning, Sequencing, and Characterization of a Gene Cluster Involved in EDTA Degradation from the Bacterium BNC1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.688-695.2001.
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ABSTRACT EDTA is a chelating agent, widely used in many industries. Because of its ability to mobilize heavy metals and radionuclides, it can be an environmental pollutant. The EDTA monooxygenases that initiate EDTA degradation have been purified and characterized in bacterial strains BNC1 and DSM 9103. However, the genes encoding the enzymes have not been reported. The EDTA monooxygenase gene was cloned by probing a genomic library of strain BNC1 with a probe generated from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the monooxygenase. Sequencing of the cloned DNA fragment revealed a gene cluster containing eight genes. Two of the genes, emoA and emoB, were expressed inEscherichia coli, and the gene products, EmoA and EmoB, were purified and characterized. Both experimental data and sequence analysis showed that EmoA is a reduced flavin mononucleotide-utilizing monooxygenase and that EmoB is an NADH:flavin mononucleotide oxidoreductase. The two-enzyme system oxidized EDTA to ethylenediaminediacetate (EDDA) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) to iminodiacetate (IDA) with the production of glyoxylate. TheemoA and emoB genes were cotranscribed when BNC1 cells were grown on EDTA. Other genes in the cluster encoded a hypothetical transport system, a putative regulatory protein, and IDA oxidase that oxidizes IDA and EDDA. We concluded that this gene cluster is responsible for the initial steps of EDTA and NTA degradation.
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Sudarmono, E. P. Hastuti, A. Rohanda, A. S. Ekariansyah, Y. Kasesaz, and Suwoto. "Study Analysis of Multiplication Factor on ADS Transmutation System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2328, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2328/1/012008.
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Abstract New research technology for partition and transmutation (P-T) of minor actinide (MA) contained in high-level waste (HLW) has been carried out to design accelerator-based transmutation system or commonly known as Accelerator Driven Subcritical (ADS) device. The objective of this system is to eliminate or minimize high-level radioactive waste that has long half-life and to develop long-term safety assurance in HLW management. Analysis done by using Origen2.1 and mCnP6 codes. As matrix, Th-232 with optimum weight 75% is used.. Comparing with , analysis results using MCNP shows that the use of PWR nuclear spent fuel for ADS device can be done by reprocessing to eliminate U-238 nuclide, which is the source of the formation of plutonium nuclide and minor actinides. From the results and discussion, it can be concluded that observation on transmutation of transuranic nuclides using ORIGEN2.1 Code on ADS device has been conducted successfully with LMFBR library. 15%-Th232 fuel has been justified as the most optimum ADS fuel based on K-inf reached at EOC on various fuel types. Mass reduction occurs at EOC for U-236, U-235, U-234, Th-232, Np-237, Pu-238, Am-241, Pu-242, and Cm 244. Radionuclides that experience mass changes during cooling time are Pu-238, Pu-240, Am-241, Pa-233, and Cm-244.
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Tolstykh, E. I., P. A. Sharagin, E. A. Shishkina, A. Yu Volchkova, and M. O. Degteva. "Anatomical and Morphological Basis for Dosimetric Modeling of Human Trabecular Bone Using a Stochastic Parametric Approach." A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Clinical Bulletin, no. 3 (October 2022): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33266/2782-6430-2022-3-25-40.
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Purpose: To create an anatomical and morphological basis for a Stochastic Parametric Skeletal Dosimetric model (SPSDmodel) for a human of different age, which includes an assessment of the parameters of the trabecular bone microstructure in the hematopoietic regions of the human skeleton. The model is necessary to estimate the doses to red bone marrow from osteotropic radionuclides (89,90Sr). The model is being created as a part of the dosimetric support for epidemiological studies of the South Ural cohorts, the members of which lived in territories radioactively contaminated in the 1950s. Materials and methods: Estimation of model parameters is based on the collection and analysis of published data. The selection of publications was made using Internet search engines: Google, PubMed, Academia, e-library, etc. Original articles in peerreviewed publications were selected, atlases, manuals, monographs and dissertations were considered. Information was collected only on healthy individuals. The collected data reffered to the following parameters of the trabecular bone: trabecular thickness, intertrabecular space, the proportion of bone in the total tissue volume. The parameters were assessed using histomorphometry and micro-CT. To make a decision about bone modeling, the data on a hematopoietic activity in it, obtained by MRI and PET, were considered. Result: Based on the results of the analysis of published information, primary data files were generated containing bibliographic data on the source of information, data on the subjects of the study and the measurement results of trabecular bone parameters. On this basis, average population estimates of the parameters were obtained and their variability (standard deviation, coefficients of variation) was estimated. Data on the duration of hematopoiesis in various parts of the skeleton and data on age-related changes in the microstructure were analyzed. The paper presents a description of a full set of parameters of the SPSD model of trabecular bones for newborns, children aged 1, 5 and 10 years, as well as for adolescents aged 15 years and adults. Conclusion: The obtained numerical values are used as input data (parameters) for generating dosimetric phantoms in voxel form. Our results will make it possible in the future to calculate conversion factors that relate the specific activity of radionuclides in the source tissue (bone trabeculae) to the dose rate in the detector tissue (red bone marrow), as well as the uncertainty of their estimates.
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Zherdev, Gennady, Tamara Kislitsyna, and Mark Nikolayev. "ROCOCO: A constants supply system for Monte-Carlo reactor calculation." Nuclear Energy and Technology 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.4.30662.
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The ROCOCO system (Kislitsyna and Nikolayev 2016) is designed to supply constants for Monte-Carlo calculations of both neutron fields and the gamma fields they generate. The initial database of nuclear data used in the system is the Russian national library of evaluated neutron data (ROSFOND) (Nikolayev 2006, Zabrodskaya et al. 2007, RUSFOND 2017). ROCOCO is specific in that it enables the estimator to optimize the level of detail when describing neutron cross-section energy dependences. Cross-sections of key fuel, structural and coolant materials can be described in such detail as the evaluated data permits; cross-sections of secondary nuclides (minor actinides, fission products, etc.) can be described in a 299-group BNAB approximation (Manturov et al. 1996) with regard for the resonance self-shielding by subgroup method or without regard for self-shielding altogether. The energy dependence of gamma rays is described in a 127-group P5 approximation (Koshcheyev et al. 2014). Optimizing the level of detail makes it possible to reduce to a great extent the counting time with no major effect on the result and its error. Where desired, in the process of calculating the energy release in neutron reactions or in gamma-quanta formation matrices, contributions from the decay of radionuclides formed in these reactions (with a half-life of less than three years) can be taken into account. The energy dependence of the elastic scattering anisotropy is described in detail, or in the event of a group or subgroup description of cross-sections, by defining 33 boundaries of 32 equiprobable cosine intervals of the scattering angle. The thermalization effects in calculations of neutron fields are taken into account either in an ideal gas approximation or using 72-group thermalization matrices built based on thermalization files contained (if any) in the ROSFOND library.It should be noted that the system contains descriptions of detailed dependences of elastic scattering cross-sections and angular distributions on all multi-isotope elements; the relationship between the scattering angle and the energy loss in this case is determined with the use of the energy-dependent effective atomic weight.The system’s programs are written in the FORTRAN language. The system is easily integrated in Monte-Carlo codes.
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Breidokaitė, Simona, Gediminas Stankūnas, and Andrius Tidikas. "Activation of high flux test module sample holder after IFMIF-DONES operation." Lithuanian Journal of Physics 60, no. 1 (February 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.v60i1.4161.
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Nuclear safety assessment in nuclear fusion devices relies on the Monte Carlo method based neutron transport calculations. This paper presents information about the calculation results of the activities and dose rates caused by neuron irradiation for the structural materials of the high flux test module sample holder of IFMIF-DONES. The neutron induced activities and dose rates at shutdown were calculated by means of the FISPACT-2010 code with data from the EAF-2010 nuclear data library. Neutron fluxes and spectra were obtained with MCNP neutron transport calculations. The activities and dose rates were calculated at the end of irradiation of the assumed device operation scenario for cooling times of 0 s – 1000 year. In addition, radionuclides with contribution of at least 0.5% to the total value of activation characteristics at the previously mentioned cooling times were identified. After the operation, the most active radionuclide is 55Fe, with an activity share ranging from 30% (M200) to 63% (M8), and at the end of the prediction it accounts for 86% of the total activity. The highest dose rates at the end of irradiation are attributed to 56Mn radionuclide. 54Mn and 60Co are the most dominant radionuclides during intermediate and long cool-down periods.
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Udiyani, P. M., and Sri Kuntjoro. "ESTIMATION OF ROUTINE DISCHARGE OF RADIONUCLIDES ON POWER REACTOR EXPERIMENTAL RDE." Urania Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/urania.2017.23.1.3160.
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Experimental power reactor (RDE) which is planned to be constructed by BATAN is a kind of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) with 10 MWth power. HTGR is a helium gas-cooled reactor with TRISO-coated fuel that is able to confine fission products remained in the core. Although the fission products released into the environment are very small, in order to comply the regulations the study about environmental radiation on normal or routine operation condition need to be performed. Estimation of radiology in the environment involves the source term released into the environment under routine operation condition. The purpose of this study is to estimate the source term released into the environment based on postulation of normal or routine operations of RDE. The research approach starts with an assumption that there are defects and impurities in the TRISO fuel because of limitation during the fabrication. Mechanism of fission products release from the fuel to the environment was created based on the safety features design of RDE. Radionuclides inventories in the reactor were calculated using ORIGEN-2 whose library has been modified for HTGR type, and the assumptions of defects of the TRISO fuel and release fraction for each compartment of RDE safety system used a reference parameter. The results showed that the important source terms of RDE are group of noble gases (Kr and Xe), halogen (I), Sr, Cs, H-3, and Ag. Activities of RDE source terms for routine operations have no significant difference with the HTGR source terms with the same power.Keywords: routine discharge, radionuclide, source term, RDE, HTGR
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Maghsoomi, Zohreh, Zahra Emami, Ramin Malboosbaf, Mojtaba Malek, and Mohammad E. Khamseh. "Efficacy and safety of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a systematic review." BMC Cancer 21, no. 1 (May 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08257-x.
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Abstract Background It has been shown that a subgroup of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) would progress to advanced stages of thyroid cancer. Therefore, the present study was done to systematically review available evidence in order to investigate efficacy and safety of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in the patients with advanced radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) and metastatic MTC. Methods For this purpose, relevant studies investigated safety and efficacy of PRRT in the patients with advanced RR-DTC and metastatic MTC were identified by searching Medline (Pubmed, Ovid, and Ebsco), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (from database inception to March 24, 2021). The review was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Searching was done independently by two investigators. Two researchers independently extracted the data and any disagreement was adjudicated by consensus. Quality of the studies was assessed using the tool of case reports/series in systematic reviews. Results Among 2284 related papers, 41 papers met the inclusion criteria. A total of 157 patients with RR-DTC were treated with PPRT. Biochemical and objective responses (partial and complete) were observed in 25.3 and 10.5% of patients, respectively. Among 220 patients with metastatic MTC, biochemical and objective responses were observed in 37.2 and 10.6% of the patients, respectively. Forty-six deaths were reported in 95 patients with advanced RR-DTC. In addition, 63 deaths were observed in 144 patients with metastatic MTC. Major side effects were reported in 124 patients treated with 90Y -based agent. In the patients treated with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE and 111In-Octreotide, mild and transient hematologic or renal complications were reported. Conclusion Findings of the study revealed that in the absence of the established treatment for the patients with RR-DTC and metastatic MTC, PRRT could be effective with few adverse events. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019125245.
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Qi, Ben, Xingyu Xiao, Jingang Liang, Li-chi Cliff Po, Liguo Zhang, and Jiejuan Tong. "An open time-series simulated dataset covering various accidents for nuclear power plants." Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01879-1.
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AbstractNuclear energy plays an important role in global energy supply, especially as a key low-carbon source of power. However, safe operation is very critical in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Given the significant impact of human-caused errors on three serious nuclear accidents in history, artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been used in assisting operators with regard to making various decisions. In particular, data-driven AI algorithms have been used to identify the presence of accidents and their root causes. However, there is a lack of an open NPP accident dataset for measuring the performance of various algorithms, which is very challenging. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind open dataset created using PCTRAN, a pre-developed and widely used simulator for NPPs. The dataset, namely nuclear power plant accident data (NPPAD), basically covers the common types of accidents in typical pressurised water reactor NPPs, and it contains time-series data on the status or actions of various subsystems, accident types, and severity information. Moreover, the dataset incorporates other simulation data (e.g., radionuclide data) for conducting research beyond accident diagnosis.
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Chen, W., L. Ma, J. H. Chen, H. Z. Huang, and Y. G. Ma. "Cosmogenic background study for a $$^{100}$$Mo-based bolometric demonstration experiment at China JinPing underground Laboratory." European Physical Journal C 82, no. 6 (June 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10501-y.
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AbstractWe perform simulation study for a 10-kg $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo-based bolometeric demonstration experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β ) search at China JinPing underground Laboratory (CJPL). Cosmogenic production of radionuclides in $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo-enriched lithium molybdate crystals and copper components of the detector system are studied using Geant4 toolkit based on the simulated cosmic ray data from the CRY library. Background energy spectra of the cosmogenic radionuclides including $$^{56}$$ 56 Co, $$^{82}$$ 82 Rb and $$^{88}$$ 88 Y which are harmful for the $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo-based $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β experiment are investigated. We then evaluate the total cosmogenic background level in the $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β search energy region of interest (ROI) for the demonstration experiment. After one year of cooling down underground, the residual background contribution is found to be 1.8 $$\times $$ × 10$$^{-6}$$ - 6 cts/kg/keV/yr and 3.3$$\times $$ × 10$$^{-4}$$ - 4 cts/kg/keV/yr from crystals and copper components, respectively. Furthermore, underground cosmogenic activation of copper and lithium molybdate crystal is calculated based on the simulation spectra of neutron and proton in CJPL. The underground cosmogenic background is found to be negligible in the ROI.
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Kuntjoro, Sri, and Pande Made Udiyani. "ANALISIS INVENTORI REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL JENIS REAKTOR GAS TEMPERATUR TINGGI." Urania Jurnal Ilmiah Daur Bahan Bakar Nuklir 22, no. 1 (June 6, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/urania.2016.22.1.2745.
Full textAbstract:
ANALISIS INVENTORI REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL JENIS REAKTOR GAS TEMPERATUR TINGGI. Berkaitan dengan rencana Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) untuk mengoperasikan reaktor eksperimental jenis Reaktor Gas Temperatur Tinggi (RGTT), maka diperlukan analisis keselamatan terhadap reaktor terutama yang berkaitan dengan issue lingkungan. Analisis sebaran radionuklida dari reaktor ke lingkungan pada kondisi operasi normal atau abnormal diawali dengan estimasi sumber radionuklida di teras reaktor (inventori teras) berdasarkan pada tipe, daya, dan operasi reaktor. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan analisis inventori teras untuk disain Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) jenis reaktor gas temperature tinggi berdaya 10 MWt, 20 MWt dan 30 MWt. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan program ORIGEN2 berbasis pustaka penampang lintang pada temperatur tinggi. Perhitungan diawali dengan membuat modifikasi beberapa parameter pustaka tampang lintang berdasarkan temperatur rata-rata teras sebesar 5700 °C dan dilanjutkan dengan melakukan perhitungan inventori reaktor untuk reaktor RDE berdaya 10 MWt. Parameter utama reaktor RDE 10 MWt yang digunakan dalam perhitungan sama dengan parameter utama reaktor HTR-10. Setelah inventori reaktor RDE 10 MWt diperoleh, dilakukan perbandingan dengan hasil dari peneliti terdahulu. Berdasarkan kesesuaian hasil yang didapat dilakukan desain untuk reaktor RDE 20MWEt dan 30 MWt untuk memperoleh parameter utama reaktor tersebut berupa jumlah bahan bakar pebble bed di teras reaktor, tinggi dan diameter teras. Berdasarkan pareameter utama teras dilakukan perhitungan inventori teras RDE 20 MWt dan 30 MWt dengan metode yang sama dengan metode perhitungan pada RDE 10 MWt. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah inventori terbesar untuk reaktor RDE 10 MWt, 20 MWt dan 30 MWt secara berurutan untuk kelompok Kr adalah sekitar 1,00E+15 Bq, 1,20E+16 Bq, 1,70E+16 Bq untuk kelompok I sebesar 6,50E+16 Bq, 1,20E+17 Bq, 1,60E+17 Bq dan untuk kelompok Cs sebesar 2,20E+16 Bq, 2,40E+16 Bq dan 2,60E+16 Bq. Inventori teras selanjutnya akan digunakan untuk menghitung suku sumber dari reaktor yang akan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk perhitungan sebaran radionuklida ke lingkungan.Kata kunci: Inventori, RDE, daya 10 MWt, daya 20 MWt, daya 30 MWt. THE ANALYSIS FOR INVENTORY OF EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS REACTOR TYPE. Relating to the plan of the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) to operate an experimental reactor of High Temperature Gas Reactors type (RGTT), it is necessary to reactor safety analysis, especially with regard to environmental issues. Analysis of the distribution of radionuclides from the reactor into the environment in normal or abnormal operating conditions starting with the estimated reactor inventory based on the type, power, and operation of the reactor. The purpose of research is to analyze inventory terrace for Experimental Power Reactor design (RDE) high temperature gas reactor type power 10 MWt, 20 MWt and 30 MWt. Analyses were performed using ORIGEN2 computer code with high temperatures cross-section library. Calculation begins with making modifications to some parameter of cross-section library based on the core average temperature of 570 °C and continued with calculations of reactor inventory due to RDE 10 MWt reactor power. The main parameters of the reactor 10 MWt RDE used in the calculation of the main parameters of the reactor similar to the HTR-10 reactor. After the reactor inventory 10 MWt RDE obtained, a comparison with the results of previous researchers. Based upon the suitability of the results, it make the design for the reactor RDE 20MWEt and 30 MWt to obtain the main parameters of the reactor in the form of the amount of fuel in the pebble bed reactor core, height and diameter of the terrace. Based on the main parameter or reactor obtained perform of calculation to get reactor inventory for RDE 20 MWT and 30 MWT with the same methods as the method of the RDE 10 MWt calculation. The results obtained are the largest inventory of reactor RDE 10 MWt, 20 MWt and 30 MWt sequentially are to Kr group are about 1,00E+15 Bq, 1,20E+16 Bq, 1,70E+16 Bq, for group I are 6,50E+16 Bq, 1,20E+17 Bq, 1,60E+17 Bq and for groups Cs are 2,20E+16 Bq, 2,40E+16 2,60E+16 Bq. Reactor inventory will then be used to calculate the reactor sourceterm and it will be used as the basis for calculating the distribution of radionuclides into the environment.Keywords: Inventory, RDE, 10 MWt power, 20 MWt power, 30 MWt power.