Journal articles: 'Radionuclide anomaly'

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Karner, I., A. Rusić, B. Krstonošić, M. Jurić, O. Giesler, B. Kristek, S. Mrdjenović, and N. Topuzović. "Cor triatriatum dextrum – An Unusual Variant of Triatrial Heart." Nuklearmedizin 35, no. 03 (1996): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629836.

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SummaryThe present report describes a rare case of triatrial heart, cor triatriatum dextrum in a 31-year-old woman in whom the anomaly was incidentally detected by radionuclide angiocardiography. Subsequent assessment with two-dimensional echocardiography and right heart catheterization confirmed the presence of a membrane subdividing the right atrium into two distinct chambers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case in which this cardiac anomaly was demonstrated by radionuclide technique.

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Hashimoto, M., K. Oomachi, and J. Watarai. "Accessory lobe of the liver mimicking a mass in the left adrenal gland." Acta Radiologica 38, no. 2 (March 1997): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859709172069.

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An accessory lobe of the liver is a rare anomaly which we have diagnosed in a patient by CT. the lesion appeared as a soft-tissue-density mass with the same density as the liver and attached to the liver. Radionuclide liver scintigraphy helped to confirm the diagnosis. the object of this report is to draw attention to this rare entity since it can cause diagnostic confusion.

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Ruchała, Marek, Ewelina Szczepanek, and Jerzy Sowiński. "Diagnostic value of radionuclide scanning and ultrasonography in thyroid developmental anomaly imaging." Nuclear Medicine Review 14, no. 1 (July 2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/nmr.2011.0005.

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Chuang, Ya-Wen, Chien-Chin Hsu, Chin-Chuan Chang, Chia-Yang Lin, Hsiu-Lan Chu, Ying-Fong Huang, and Yu-Chang Tyan. "Multiple Bony Injuries on Bone Scan in a Case of Unsuspected Child Abuse." Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3015941.

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This case is described of an eleven-month-old infant with lower limbs swelling and the left elbow skeletal malformation following a fall. The radionuclide bone scan was performed to exclude bone infection or congenital skeletal anomaly. The images unexpectedly showed multiple increased radioactive foci throughout the whole body. It was a strong probability of child abuse. All lesions are readily apparent on the following plain film radiographs and MRI.

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PEIX, A., S. CHAUVAUD, and J. TOUSSAINT. "8.41Analysis of biventricular function by radionuclide methods in Ebstein’s anomaly. Results of surgical repair." Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 14, no. 2 (March 2007): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclcard.2006.12.268.

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Nikolova, Milena, R. Krasteva, B. Bogov, T. Tsocheva, Vi Milenova, K. Petkov, and N. Chernev. "Horseshoe Kidney with Hydronephrosis – Tales of the Unexpected." Acta Medica Bulgarica 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2018-0008.

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AbstractHorseshoe kidney is an inborn renal fusion anomaly. It is frequently associated with renal stones and infections. The diagnosis is made using imaging methods - ultrasound, X-ray of the abdomen and intravenous pyelography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide investigations. The diagnosis sometimes is hard, especially when other abnormalities are present, i.e. hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis, stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction, etc. The authors present a male patient with horseshoe kidney and unilateral hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction and discuss the diagnosis of horseshoe kidney and the diagnostic approach in such patients.

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Balasankar, Soundaiyan, and Jeyaraman Balasubramanian. "A study on postnatal evaluation and follow-up of infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 5 (August 23, 2017): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173716.

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Background: Antenatal hydronephrosis(ANH) has now become a frequent diagnosis with the increasing use of antenatal ultrasonography. Objective of present study was to evaluate and follow up infants with antenatally detected hydronephrosis and to determine whether there is significant correlation between anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter detected in antenatal USG and urinary tract anomalies detected postnatally.Methods: After obtaining an informed consent, all neonates with antenatal ultrasound showing hydronephrosis (n=80) were enrolled in the study. Postnatal ultrasound was done at 3 days ,1 month and 6 months of postnatal life. Atleast 6 months followup was done to look for spontaneous resolution or other significant pathology. Micturating cystourethrography/radionuclide scan done in selected cases.Results: Out of 80 cases ,43 had mild,24 had moderate and 13 had severe degrees of hydronephrosis.31 of them (9 mild,10 moderate and 12 with severe hydronephrosis) had postnatal anomaly detected.14 of them (1 mild, 4 moderate and 9 with severe hydronephrosis) underwent surgery. As the grade of antenatal hydronephrosis increases from mild, moderate to severe, the relative risk of postnatal anomaly and requirement of surgical intervention also increased (p value<0.0001).Conclusions: Antenatal hydronephrosis may be associated with significant postnatal urinary tract anomaly with risk quantified by the measurement of anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter(APPD).

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LISBONA, ROBERT, VILMA DERBEKYAN, and JAVIER A. NOVALES-DIAZ. "Hemitruncus Anomaly as a Cause of Unilateral Absent Lung Perfusion With Normal Ventilation on Radionuclide Lung Scan." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 21, no. 8 (August 1996): 655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199608000-00018.

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Saxena, Anita, Lance V. Fong, Maria Tristam, Duncan M. Ackery, and Barry R. Keeton. "Late noninvasive evaluation of cardiac performance in mildly symptomatic older patients with Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve: Role of radionuclide imaging." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 1 (January 1991): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)90724-n.

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Mekhaldi, Florian, Markus Czymzik, Florian Adolphi, Jesper Sjolte, Svante Björck, Ala Aldahan, Achim Brauer, Celia Martin-Puertas, Göran Possnert, and Raimund Muscheler. "Radionuclide wiggle matching reveals a nonsynchronous early Holocene climate oscillation in Greenland and western Europe around a grand solar minimum." Climate of the Past 16, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 1145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1145-2020.

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Abstract. Several climate oscillations have been reported from the early Holocene superepoch, the best known of which is the Preboreal oscillation (PBO). It is still unclear how the PBO and the number of climate oscillations observed in Greenland ice cores and European terrestrial records are related to one another. This is mainly due to uncertainties in the chronologies of the records. Here, we present new, high-resolution 10Be concentration data from the varved Meerfelder Maar sediment record in Germany, spanning the period 11 310–11 000 years BP. These new data allow us to synchronize this well-studied record, as well as Greenland ice core records, with the IntCal13 timescale via radionuclide wiggle matching. In doing so, we show that the climate oscillations identified in Greenland and Europe between 11 450 and 11 000 years BP were not synchronous but terminated and began, respectively, with the onset of a grand solar minimum. A similar spatial anomaly pattern is found in a number of modeling studies on solar forcing of climate in the North Atlantic region. We further postulate that freshwater delivery to the North Atlantic would have had the potential to amplify solar forcing through a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) reinforcing surface air temperature anomalies in the region.

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Rao, Kanishka S., Vijendra S. Shenoy, Panduranga M. Kamath, and Anas Gomati. "Ectopic Lingual Thyroid: A Case Presentation." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1422.

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ABSTRACT Background The lingual thyroid gland is a rare clinical entity that was found to occur due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend into its normal ectopic pretracheal position during embryogenesis. The reported incidence of lingual thyroid is 1 in 100,000, and it is more common in females, with a female:male ratio of 3:1. When located at the base of the tongue, the ectopic gland is often asymptomatic but may cause local symptoms, such as, dysphagia, dysphonia, upper airway obstruction, hemorrhage, and often hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of lingual thyroid is usually made clinically and radionuclide scanning is used to confirm the diagnosis. A case of lingual thyroid is presented for its rarity and differential diagnosis of midline base of the tongue lesions. Case description A 35-year-old woman presented with complaints of increasing difficulty in breathing and a constant foreign object sensation in the throat (FOSIT) for the past one year. Flexible video-laryngoscopic examination revealed a well-demarcated midline tongue base lesion measuring 3 × 3 cm. Technetium 99m scan reported it to be ectopic thyroid gland tissue. Transoral excision of the lesion was done along with cauterization with bipolar cautery. Conclusion Lingual thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly, the treatment of which is still controversial in view of the rarity of the condition. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of midline masses of the base of the tongue, especially in children and adolescents. The approach to treatment should be transdisciplinary and should not only take into consideration the clinical condition of the lesion but also the hormonal aspects of the patient. How to cite this article Rao KS, Shenoy VS, Kamath PM, et al. Ectopic Lingual Thyroid: A Case Presentation. Int J Head Neck Surg 2021;12(1):37–39.

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12

Meynet, Georges. "Chemical enrichment from Wolf-Rayet stellar winds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 193 (1999): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900205329.

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Stellar winds contribute together with supernovae explosions to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. We recall how the metallicity dependence of the stellar winds implies a metallicity dependence of the stellar yields. We show that an increase of the initial angular velocity has different effects than an increase of the mass loss rates. Wolf-Rayet stars appear as important sources of 19F and 26Al. They are the favoured candidates for the 22Ne anomaly observed in the Galactic cosmic ray sources. They may also have injected into the proto-solar nebula short-lived radionuclides as 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, 107Pd and 205Pb.

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Pretorius, H. C. F., M. Tredoux, M. A. G. Andreoli, and P. D. Vermeulen. "A long term baseline and variability of natural radionuclides in groundwater at the Vaalputs low-level radioactive waste disposal facility, Namaqualand, South Africa: regional implications." South African Journal of Geology 123, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.123.0006.

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Abstract Vaalputs is the only South African nuclear waste disposal facility; it is licensed to dispose of low and intermediate level radioactive waste. Possible disposal of long-lived waste, potentially including spent fuel rods, prompted a study to establish a baseline of naturally-occurring radionuclides from the U and Th decay chains in the groundwater of Vaalputs. This baseline was created by investigating a dataset containing 25 years of analyses of the groundwater at the Vaalputs site. The behaviour over time, of 23 radionuclides in groundwater samples from 13 annually and three quarterly sampled boreholes, was evaluated and integrated in order to establish changing trends in the activities of radionuclides, the relative contributions of individual radionuclides to total radiation levels and how these were influenced by groundwater conditions. 238U levels showed a natural anomaly in the near-field of the disposal site that was attributed to the underlying basement rocks (granites) which are anomalously enriched in U. A set of duplicate samples from 2009 determined that the activity ratio of 234U/238U in the groundwater of Vaalputs is 4.1; this is ascribed to more rapid leaching of 234U relative to 238U, because of increased crystal structural damage around sites surrounding 234U atoms. High levels of 226Ra, unsupported by 238U, were found in groundwater from boreholes on the western side of the property: this groundwater yielded low values for 234U/238U, lower pH and stronger oxidizing conditions than groundwater from the rest of the area. The absence of overlying sedimentary rocks, which tend to ameliorate the effects of high radiation from granites by absorption, is suggested as the reason for the different geochemical conditions of the groundwater from boreholes in the west. This suggestion may apply to those boreholes elsewhere in Namaqualand with low published concentrations of 238U, but exceptionally high levels of α -and β-emitters. 232Th and its daughter radionuclides yielded radiation levels far below the guideline of 1 Bq.L-1 specified by the World Health Organization; this result is in line with the known low mobility of Th in groundwater systems.

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Jassam, Haneen A. "Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Bitumen in Al-Marj Spring and Abu-Jir Village, Anbar, Western Iraq." Iraqi Geological Journal 54, no. 2E (November 30, 2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.54.2e.2ms-2021-11-18.

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The aim of the present research is to illustrate γ-ray levels emitting from soil and bitumen producing from 238U, 232Th, and 40K along Abu-Jir Fault Zone. in the area extended from Al-Marj valley to Abu-Jir village using scintillometer device. Such study is important in environmental assessment to buildup data base about radioactivity. The concentration of natural radionuclides in the study area was determined to be occurring mostly in the clay minerals and organic matter. A high purity germanium spectrometer was used to detect the activity of these elements which ranged between 00.6±18.1- 1526±102, 0- 8.4±1.4, and 70.1±10.9- 328.2±73 in soil, and 28.2±5.6- 94±22.1, 0- 2.2±0.5, and 38.4±7.9- 70.1±10.9 in bitumen for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K respectively. The anomaly of the Naturally occurring radioactive material was associated with hydrocarbon accumulation and springs. The source of 232Th and 40K came from the same source rock (illite), while 226Ra was associated with ascending fluids. The obtained results showed that the activity of 226Ra in soil has value above the world averages and other countries.

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Beyer, Steve R., Kurt Kyser, Tom G. Kotzer, Kevin Ansdell, and David Quirt. "Exploration geochemistry of surficial media over the high-grade McArthur River uranium deposit, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 913–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000081.

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ABSTRACT An orientation survey using surficial media was performed over the high-grade McArthur River unconformity-related U deposit (Saskatchewan, Canada) to test whether or not secondary dispersion of elements related to the ore body or alteration zone can be detected at the surface more than 500 m above the deposit. Organic-rich Ah-horizon soils, Fe-rich B-horizon soils, C-horizon soils, tree cores of Jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and glacially dispersed boulders of Manitou Falls Formation sandstone that host the U deposit were collected in four sampling grids near the mine site. Two of the grids overlaid the trace of the P2 fault that hosts the deposit and extends nearly to the surface, one grid overlaid both the P2 fault and one of the high-grade ore bodies (Zone 4), and one grid was located 2.5 km away from the ore body surface trace in the barren hanging wall of the P2 fault. The grid overlying the Zone 4 ore body had the highest proportion of samples with elevated U and low 207Pb/206Pb ratios, the latter indicative of radiogenic Pb from a high-U source, measured in two size fractions of Ah-horizon soils using Na pyrophosphate leach, pine tree cores using total digestion, and sandstone boulders using 2% HNO3 leach. A handful of pathfinder elements, such as As, Co, Ni, and Pb, are variably associated with the U and radiogenic Pb. Sandstone boulders with an assemblage of dravite + kaolinite ± illite, determined using shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy and matching the alteration mineralogy in the Manitou Falls Formation above the U deposit, were prevalent in the grid above the Zone 4 ore body and in the adjacent grid in the direction of glacial dispersion. A coarse fraction of the B-horizon soils, leached with 5% HNO3, highlighted the grid above the Zone 4 ore body to a lesser extent, whereas HNO3 leaches and aqua regia digests of C-horizon soil separates did not highlight the P2 fault or ore body trace due to influence by parent till mineralogy. Results of environmental monitoring at the mine site, which was active at the time of sampling, suggest that dust containing U, Pb, and radionuclides from waste rock piles and a ventilation shaft could influence A-horizon soil geochemistry near the mine site, and that U and radiogenic Pb anomalies in B- and C-horizon soils near the water table are close to a treated mine effluent discharge point. However, older trees that record elevated U and radiogenic Pb in annual rings that pre-date mining activity, and alteration mineralogy and geochemistry of boulders that are less susceptible to the influences of mining activity, add confidence that the geochemical anomaly in diverse surficial media above the Zone 4 ore body represents secondary dispersion from the underlying U deposit.

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Read, D., and P. J. Hooker. "The Speciation of Uranium and Thorium at the Broubster Natural Analogue Site, Caithness, Scotland." MRS Proceedings 127 (1988). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-127-763.

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ABSTRACTAnomalously high concentrations of uranium, thorium and the rare earth elements (REE) are associated with peat-rich soils near Broubster, northern Scotland. The source of the anomaly has been traced to a hydrocarbon-containing mineralised zone within a uraniferous, calcareous Devonian sedimentary sequence. From there, the elements have been transported approximately 100 metres downslope and fixed within waterlogged peat deposits. The degree of concentration and fractionation accompanying actinide transport is extreme. This paper describes the results of a theoretical modelling exercise and complementary experimental study carried out to determine the chemical speciation of actinides at the Broubster site. Efforts made to identify mobilisation and retention mechanisms for uranium and thorium have led to the development of a simple model for actinide behaviour in the peat soils. The work, which forms part of an on-going programme of research into natural radionuclide migration, is primarily aimed at improving confidence in predictive models used for radiological assessment.

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Kölbel, Lena, Thomas Kölbel, Ulrich Maier, Martin Sauter, Thorsten Schäfer, and Bettina Wiegand. "Water–rock interactions in the Bruchsal geothermal system by U–Th series radionuclides." Geothermal Energy 8, no. 1 (September 8, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-020-00179-4.

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Abstract Uranium and thorium decay series disequilibria in deep geothermal brines are a result of water–rock interaction processes. The migratory behavior of radionuclides provides valuable site-specific information and can therefore be an important tool for reservoir characterization and sustainable management of geothermal sites. In this study, we present data from long-term monitoring of naturally occurring 238U, 232Th and 235U series radionuclides analyzed in brine samples collected from the Permo-Triassic sedimentary reservoir rock at the Bruchsal geothermal site (SW Germany). The results show that radionuclides of the elements radium (226Ra, 228Ra, 224Ra, 223Ra), radon (222Rn), and lead (210Pb, 212Pb) are rather soluble in brine, while isotopes of uranium (238U, 234U, 235U), thorium (232Th, 228Th, 230Th), polonium (210Po), and actinium (227Ac, 228Ac) have low solubilities and are mostly immobile. Activities of radium isotopes in the geothermal brine exceed those of their thorium progenitors (average 226Ra = 29.9 Bq kg−1, about 103 times that of its 230Th parent). Modelling the observed disequilibria allows the following conclusion on water–rock interaction processes: (1) supply from alpha-recoil depends on isotope half-life because it is limited by the rate of diffusion through microfractures causing isotopic fractionation. (2) Radium retardation due to adsorption is low (226Ra/222Rn = 1.3) resulting in adsorption–desorption rate constants in the order of 10−10 s−1 for k1 and 10−9 for k2. (3) Scavenging of 226Ra from brine can best be explained by co-precipitation with barite resulting in an observed 226Ra anomaly in the solids of the reservoir section. The precipitation rate constant amounts to ca. 3.4 × 10−8 s−1 corresponding to a mean removal time of radium from brine by mineral precipitation to approximately 1 year.

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Sanada, Yukihisa, Yoshimi Urabe, Toshiharu Misonou, Takehiko Shiribiki, Takahiro Nakanishi, Yusuke Watanabe, and Tadahiko Tsuruta. "Visualization of radiocesium distribution in surface layer of seafloor around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (November 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02646-9.

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AbstractLarge quantities of volatile radionuclides were released into the atmosphere and the hydrosphere following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on March, 2011. Monitoring of radiocesium in sediment is important for evaluating the behavior of radiocesium in the environment and its effect on aquatic organisms. In this study, the radiocesium distribution in the surface sediment around the FDNPP was visualized as a radiocesium concentration map using periodical survey data from a towed gamma-ray detection system. The uncertainty of the radiocesium map was evaluated via comparison with a large amount of sediment core sample data. The characteristics of the radiocesium distribution were examined considering the seafloor topography and a geological map, which were obtained via acoustic wave survey. The characteristics of the formation of 137Cs anomaly at the estuaries were analyzed using a contour map of 137Cs concentration combined with water depth. Validation of the created map showed that it was comparable with actual sediment core samples. The map generated using the towed radiation survey depicted the 137Cs concentration distribution as the position resolution of a 1 km mesh. Finally, the 137Cs concentration decreased with time in consideration of such uncertainty.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radionuclide anomaly'

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