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Dahlström, Nils. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hepatobiliary System Using Hepatocyte-Specific Contrast Media." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, Radiology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17918.
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There are two Gadolinium-based liver-specific contrast media for Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the market, Gd-BOPTA (MultiHance®, Bracco Imaging, Milan, Italy) and Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist®, Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany). The aim of this study in two parts was to evaluate the dynamics of biliary, parenchymal and vascular enhancement using these contrast media in healthy subjects. Ten healthy volunteers were examined in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using three-dimensional Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold (VIBE) sequences for dynamic imaging with both contrast media – at two different occasions – until five hours after injection. The doses given were 0.025 mmol/kg for Gd-EOB-DTPA and 0.1 mmol/kg for Gd-BOPTA. The enhancement over time of the common biliary duct in contrast to the liver parenchyma was analyzed in the first study. This was followed by a study of the image contrasts of the hepatic artery, portal vein and middle hepatic vein versus the liver parenchyma.While Gd-EOB-DTPA gave an earlier and more prolonged enhancement of the biliary duct, Gd-BOPTA achieved higher image contrast for all vessels studied, during the arterial and portal venous phases. There was no significant difference in the maximal enhancement obtained in the liver parenchyma.At the obtained time-points and at the dosage used, the high contrast between the common biliary duct and liver parenchyma had an earlier onset and longer duration for Gd-EOB-DTPA, while Gd-BOPTA achieved higher maximal enhancement of the hepatic artery, portal vein and middle hepatic vein than Gd-EOB-DTPA. Diseases of the liver and biliary system may affect the vasculature, parenchyma, biliary excretion or a combination of these. The clinical context regarding the relative importance of vascular, hepatic parenchymal and biliary processes should determine the choice of contrast media for each patient and examination.
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Morell, Arvid. "Perfusion measurements by dynamic susceptibility MRI." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för radiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-143053.
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Larsson, Johannes. "Streamline Communications in Radiology." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17421.
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The background to the study was Unified Communications (UC), defined as Communications integrated to optimize business processes. A case study design is used to develop a LoFi-prototype. The prototype investigateswhat components an integrated communication solution should provide,for the people in radiology. The design was inspired by consumer products likeSkype. In these consumer products were functionality and look studied. The reason for integrate it into Sectra MEI, was that Sectra believed the system’s features could be even more useful, when used together with a communication solution. The prototype is tested on users (usability tested). To bundle the growing pile of requirements in the design process was a requirement specification produced.
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Hadimli, Kerem. "Processing Turkish Radiology Reports." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613280/index.pdf.
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Radiology departments utilize various visualization techniques of patients&rsquobodies, and narrative free text reports describing the findings in these visualizations are written by medical doctors. The information within these narrative reports is required to be extracted for medical information systems. Turkish is an highly agglutinative language and this poses problems in information retrieval and extraction from Turkish free texts. In this thesis one rule-based and one data-driven alternate methods for information retrieval and structured information extraction from Turkish radiology reports are presented. Contrary to previous studies in medical NLP systems, both of these methods do not utilize any medical lexicon or ontology. Information extraction is performed on the level of extracting medically related phrases from the sentence. The aim is to measure baseline performance Turkish language can provide for medical information extraction and retrieval, in isolation of other factors.
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Ishigaki, Takeo, Mitsuru Ikeda, Kazuhiro Shimamoto, Hideki Hirota, and Naoki Makino. "Digital Radiology and PACS." 名古屋大学医学部, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6168.
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Kowalski, Michael. "Radiology in forensic dentistry." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4678.
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Rutz, Anne C. "Relationships among various cognitive, and noncognitive variables with the performance of radiologic technology students /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052214.
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Lopes, Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro. "Avaliação da articulação temporomandibular em individuos com depressção maior : estudo clinico e por ressonancia magnetica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290141.
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Orientador: Solange Maria de AlmeidaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T09:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_SergioLucioPereiradeCastro_D.pdf: 9307649 bytes, checksum: f51f187aabfe9f5bd990e438d78272da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a articulacao temporomandibular (ATM) de individuos portadores de Depressao Maior. A amostra foi constituida por 40 individuos diagnosticados por um medico psiquiatra, como portadores de Depressao Maior, segundo as diretrizes do DSM-IV (Manual de Diagnostico e Estatistica das Perturbacoes Mentais). Estes foram submetidos a exames clinicos e por imagem, que se constituiu de Ressonância Magnetica. Pela analise dos resultados, observou-se em relacao aos dados da anamnese, que a presenca da cefaleia recorrente foi a alteracao mais relatada, sendo citada como sempre presente (52,5% dos individuos) e ocasionalmente presente (47,5% destes). Em relacao ao exame clinico, a presenca de trajetoria mandibular alterada ocorreu em 85% dos individuos, sendo que 62,5% destes apresentaram desvio e 22,5% deflexao. Ruido articular, ocorreu em 70% das articulacoes (69% destas sendo estalido). Dor a funcao articular foi o sintoma mais observado, ocorrendo em 61,25% das articulacoes. No exame por imagem, o deslocamento de disco ocorreu em 54 articulacoes (67,5% da amostra), sendo o deslocamento sem reducao observado em 5 articulacoes (6,25%). Alteracao na posicao da cabeca da mandibula foi observada em 57 articulacoes (71,25% da amostra), sendo o posicionamento posterior o mais frequente, ocorrendo em 43 articulacoes (53,75%). Mobilidade anormal da cabeca da mandibula foi observada em 58 articulacoes (52 destas apresentaram hipermobilidade) (65%). Utilizando-se o Teste Exato de Fisher e o Teste do ?2 como analises estatisticas, observou-se nao haver relacao entre posicao do disco e dor a funcao da articulacao (p=0,34); entre funcao do disco e dor a funcao da articulacao (p=0,32); entre posicao do disco e dor muscular (p=0,40); entre funcao do disco e dor muscular (p=0,42) e entre posicao do disco e posicao da cabeca da mandibula (p=0,30). Verificou-se haver relacao entre posicao do disco e ruidos articulares (p=0,00) e entre posicao do disco e trajetoria mandibular (p=0,00). Somente um individuo apresentou dor, ruido articular e limitacao de movimentos da mandibula, sendo que este apresentava deslocamento de disco. Concluiu-se desta forma que, na amostra avaliada, a presenca de depressao maior nao foi um fator desencadeante para a desordem temporomandibular
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of individuals with Major Depression. The sample comprised 40 individuals who were previously diagnosised as Major Depressed patients by a psychiatrist, using the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). The subjects were submitted to clinical and imaging examination, which comprised TMJ magnetic resonance imaging. The result analysis showed that the headache was related as always present (52.5% of the individuals) or frequently present (47.5% of the individuals). With regard to clinical exam, the altered mandibular pathway occurred in 85% of the individuals, with 62.5% presenting deviation and 22.5% deflection. The joint noise occurred in 70% of the joints (69% cliking). Joint functional pain was the most frequent symptom observed, occurring in 61.25% of the joints. In the imaging exams, the disc displacement occurred in 54 joints (67.5% of the sample) the disc displacement without reduction was observed in 5 TMJ (6.25%). The mandibular condyle position was altered in 57 joints (71.25% of the sample) and the most frequent position observed was the posterior position (43 TMJ) (53.75%). Abnormal mandibular condyle mobility was observed in 58 joints (52 of then with hipermobility) (65%). Application of the Fisher¿s Exact Test and ?2 Test as statistical analysis revealed no relationship between disc position and joint functional pain (p=0.34);disc function and joint functional pain (p=0.32); disc position and muscle pain (p=0.40); disc function and muscle pain (p=0.42) and disc position and mandibular condyle position (p=0.30). A relationship was observed between disc position and joint noise (p=0.00) and between disc position and mandibular pathway (p=0.00). Only one individual reported pain, joint noise and limited mandibular movement, and this one presented disc displacement. Thus, it was concluded that the Major Depression presence was not an important appearance factor for the temporomandibular disorder, in this sample
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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McQuilkin, Michelle. "Pioneers of Radiology and Safety." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627189.
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A paper submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, History of Medicine course.History of Radiology: Compared to counterparts in medicine, radiology is one of the youngest specialties X-ray was founded a little over 120 years ago Since then, there have been many advances in both diagnostic and interventional radiology and the safety measures for us and our patients
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Jeffery, Nathan. "Computer assisted tutoring in radiology." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391237.
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Alejaldre, Monforte Aída. "Uutilidad de los estudios de imagen muscular en el diagnóstico de un grupo de miopatías con debilidad axial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399847.
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Las miopatías hereditarias son enfermedades de alta complejidad diagnóstica y pueden presentarse con diferentes fenotipos. Un fenotipo emergente es el fenotipo axial. La enfermedad de Pompe (EP) del adulto es una glicogenosis que provoca una debilidad muscular que generalmente afecta a las cinturas y la musculatura axial. Se asocia a una afectación respiratoria entre otras complicaciones. Las miopatías secundarias a mutaciones en el gen EMD y LMNA pueden cursar con debilidad de cinturas o causar una distrofia tipo Emery-Dreifuss (EDMD). La EDMD cursa con debilidad escapulo-humero-peroneal asociada a contracturas articulares en codos, tobillos y columna. En los últimos años la Tomografía computerizada (TC) y la Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) están siendo usadas para el estudio de algunas patologías neuromusculares.
La hipótesis de la presente tesis es que la imagen muscular puede ser un buen biomarcador diagnóstico en la EP del adulto y en la miopatía producida por mutaciones en el gen EMD o LMNA. La existencia de un patrón característico en la radiología permitiría un diagnóstico eficaz y precoz.
Los objetivos fueron: 1) la descripción del patrón de infiltración grasa muscular en estas miopatías. 2) Estudiar la infiltración muscular en el área paravertebral y abdominal en 30 pacientes con EP. 3) Correlacionar la debilidad muscular con en el grado de infiltración en la radiología en la EP. 4) Describir las características clínicas y de imagen muscular en 42 pacientes con mutaciones en el gen EMD y LMNA. 5) Buscar diferencias radiológicas según el genotipo (EMD o LMNA).
En el estudio de la EP, realizado sobre 30 pacientes con RMN o TC del área del tronco, encontramos que los pacientes asintomáticos presentaban infiltración grasa muscular en al menos un músculo y que existía un patrón de infiltración muscular en el área del tronco que además seguía un patrón evolutivo según avanzaba la gravedad clínica. Objetivamos que existía una correlación entre el grado de infiltración muscular y el estadio clínico de los pacientes.
En el estudio de las miopatías secundarias a mutaciones en el gen LMNA y EMD, realizado sobre 42 pacientes con RMN o TC de tronco y extremidades inferiores, los pacientes con EDMD no presentaron diferencias clínicas según su genotipo. Describimos un patrón de infiltración en los pacientes con EDMD que afectaba al área paravertebral, compartimento anterior y posterior de muslo y posterior de pierna. Encontramos una diferencia significativa en el grado y la frecuencia de infiltración del músculo Peroneo siendo mayor en las mutaciones del gen EMD. Observamos infiltración de la musculatura paravertebral en los pacientes asintomáticos y una progresión en el patrón radiológico según el estadio clínico.
Se puede concluir que la imagen muscular es un biomarcador eficaz para el diagnóstico de la EP del adulto y de la miopatía producida por mutaciones en el gen EMD y LMNA. La imagen muscular puede ser útil para guiar el estudio genético en pacientes que comparten un mismo fenotipo.Hereditary myopathies are diseases with a complex diagnosis. They may present with different phenotypes of muscle weakness. A relatively new phenotype is the axial phenotype. Adult Pompe’s disease (PD) is a glycogenosis. Glycogen accumulation in lysosomes causes muscle weakness that usually involves girdles and axial muscles associated with respiratory insufficiency. Myopathies due to mutations in EMD and LMNA genes may present with girdles weakness or with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy phenotype (EDMD). EDMD patients present a scapular-humeral-peroneal weakness associated with joint contractures at elbows, ankles and spine. In recent years computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being used for the study of some neuromuscular diseases. The hypothesis of this thesis is that muscular imaging could be a good diagnosis biomarker of Adult PD and EMD o LMNA genes related myopathy. A characteristic radiological pattern would allow an effective and early diagnosis. Aims were: 1) to describe the pattern of fatty muscle infiltration in these myopathies. 2) to study muscle infiltration in the paravertebral and abdominal area in 30 patients with PD. 3) to correlate muscle weakness with the degree of muscle infiltration in radiology in PD. 4) To describe clinical and radiological characteristics in 42 patients with mutations in EMD and LMNA genes. 5) to search radiological differences according to genotype (EMD o LMNA). PD study was performed in 30 patients with MRI or CT at the trunk level. We found that asymptomatic patients had fatty muscle infiltration in at least one muscle. There was a specific infiltration pattern in trunk area. Moreover this pattern makes evolves according to the clinical severity. There was a correlation between the degree of muscle infiltration and clinical stage. The study of myopathies due to mutations in EMD and LMNA genes was perfomed in 42 patients with MRI or CT of trunk and lower extremities area. We found EDMD patients showed no clinical differences according genotype. We described an infiltration pattern in these patients that affects paravertebral area, anterior and posterior compartment in the thigh and posterior compartment in the leg. Significative difference was found in the degree and frequency of infiltration in peroneal muscle. Peroneal Infiltration was greater in patients with mutations in EMD gene. We showed paravertebral infiltration in asymptomatic patients. We found an evolutive radiological pattern according to the clinical stage evolution. In conclusion muscular radiology is an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of adult PD and myopathies caused by mutations in the LMNA or EMD genes. In patients who share the same phenotype muscle imaging could be a useful tool to guide genetics studies.
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Berry, Max. "Virtual reality simulations and interventional radiology /." Göteborg : Department. of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/3188.
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Bissonnette, Jean-Pierre. "Percent depth doses for diagnostic radiology." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60566.
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A new model is proposed for the calculation of relative depth doses for diagnostic radiology using a direct photon transport/ray tracing technique which incorporates both primary and first scatter dose. The x-ray spectra are generated from computer algorithms based on the Birch and Marshall semi-empirical model; the spectra are established by matching calculated and measured transmission data. The algorithms for the generation of x-ray spectra and for the calculation of depth doses are described. Relative depth doses are determined for a number of radiographic techniques. The calculations are compared with measured and published depth doses; the agreement is very good for tube voltages below 90 kV$ sb{ rm p}$. It is suggested that relative integral doses obtained from relative depth doses give an accurate representation of risk reductions obtained with different radiological techniques. The integral dose reductions predicted by the model are within 8.5% of those from measured data.
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Fermor, Paul Elliot. "Image driven fluoroscopy for interventional radiology." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250820.
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Richardson, Robert Steven. "A phenomenological hermeneutic study of radiology." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10032450.
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Shared leadership paradigms are becoming more popular in organizations because of the increased responsibilities placed on leaders within health care organizations. Researchers have conducted little research on how individuals on leadership teams perceive their role in engaging with others in their team. The qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic study involved examining how radiology administrators in Northern California describe their lived experiences on shared leadership teams, with an emphasis on their perceptions of team productivity and trust. The conceptual framework for the study included shared leadership theory, which scholars have noted is still a new field of study. Seven research participants representing from three to 18 years of experience as radiology managers with experience serving on shared leadership teams. From the five initial questions and sub questions, the analysis involved breaking down the responses into 175 separate areas of exploration. In addition to the demographics of the groups and types of teams served on, four themes emerged from this data: lived experience on shared leadership teams, knowledge and skills learned from shared leadership teams, key factors affecting team performance on shared leadership teams, and the effect of diversity on shared leadership teams. The implications of the research to leadership are that radiology managers may gain a better understanding of when to use shared leadership and how to best staff the teams to support organizational work, and how to improve shared leadership team dynamics.
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Haddad, Lisa, and Sharon Bigger. "Radiology Nursing Ethics and Moral Distress." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8511.
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Ethics in health care is a topic that has been around since ancient times. It was the basis for the Hippocratic Oath. With the development of modern nursing and specialties in nursing, ethics in nursing becomes an important topic for consideration. This article gives an overview of the history of ethics, with particular considerations to nursing ethics. It provides an overview of moral distress within nursing and how ethical decisions affect care. It also provides examples of ethics within radiology nursing.
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Bianchini, David <1983>. "Dose Optimization in Cardiovascular Interventional Radiology." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7270/1/Bianchini_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
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The thesis treat the patient dose optimization in Carbon Dioxide Angiography and dose reduction with the using of Clarity Philips in EP procedures.
Carbon dioxide angiography is based on the visualization (i.e., the radiographic contrast) of gas bubbles injected in blood vessels. By using an experimental X-ray bench, it has been measured the energy response of a flat panel detector (Varian CB4030) and, with a dedicated phantom and a software simulation, the image contrast of vessels injected with Iodine and CO2. The results show that the contrast generated by carbon dioxide is about one fourth of that obtained with iodine, demonstrating that CO2 angiography should use different radiological settings with respect to iodine angiography. In particular, a kVp increase have a lower reduction of CNR with carbon dioxide than with iodinated CM, suggesting possible technological improvements in fluoroscopy protocols.
The aim of the second work has been to evaluate the patient dose comparison between before and after the introduction of the Philips Clarity system upgrade. The retrospective study has been made on 561 procedures of pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations (134 pre, 192 post), and 235 procedures of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures (91 pre, 144 post). The pre and post sets are compared over clinical details in order to define an average patient for each intervention type. Each procedure has been studied over single irradiation event collected in the Structure Dose Report (SDR). The Dose-Area Product (PkA) cumulative quantities is not normal distributed over a single procedure type, so a log-normal hypothesis has been made. The results shows a significant reduction of the for the PkA equal to 54% over all the procedures. The total fluoroscopy time didn’t change appreciably and this shows in first instance that that the subjective image quality didn't change too.
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Guthrie, Joy D. "Assessing Doppler-Derived Pressure Gradients and Liver Echogenicity to Predict Liver Disease." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/969.
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Liver disease causes an estimated 36,000 deaths in the United States each year. Currently, to detect liver disease, an invasive biopsy is required. Other, less invasive diagnostic alternatives are needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified form of sonographic screening, including portal, hepatic, and splenic venous pressure, hepatic venous waveform analysis, portal vein diameter, and echogenicity of liver parenchyma in predicting liver disease. The study was based on conversion of a velocity measurement to a pressure gradient, allowing a fluid comparison between known catheterization venous pressures and sonographic Doppler-derived pressure gradients. This study was a secondary data analysis of a data set from 546 patients who received abdominal sonograms at a medical facility in the western United States between March 2010 and December 2010. The dependent variable was liver disease and the independent variables were ECHOGRADE, hepatic venous waveform (HVW), splenic vein pressure gradient (SVPG), modified portal vein pressure gradient (MPVPG), and hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG). Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. ECHOGRADE, HVW, and MPVPG in males were found to be statistically significant in detecting liver disease, supporting the theoretical framework and thus documenting a novel use of Doppler for the detection of liver disease. The social change significance of these results is to provide clinicians with an alternative, noninvasive method of diagnosing early liver disease before it progresses into chronic liver disease. With earlier detection, severe adverse health outcomes leading to irreversible liver cirrhosis may be avoided.
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Alves, Jefferson Douglas Soares. "Estudo da densidade mineral óssea na extremidade distal do rádio de cães da raça Rottweiler, por meio da densitometria óptica radiográfica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-04022005-133145/.
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Este estudo permitiu a padronização da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) na extremidade distal do rádio de 36 cães adultos da raça Rottweiler, por meio da densitometria óptica radiográfica. Os membros foram radiografados juntamente com uma escala de referência confeccionada em alumínio. As radiografias foram digitalizadas e analisadas por um programa de computador para comparação de tonalidades de cinza entre as duas imagens da escala de referência (padrão e a radiografada junto ao osso). Posteriormente aos ajustes realizados nos tons da imagem, foram feitas as medições densitométricas no osso, cujos valores foram expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). Também foram estudadas correlações entre a DMO e o sexo, peso corpóreo e as medidas externas como o comprimento da coluna, altura do animal e circunferência na extremidade distal do membro em estudo. Os valores médios e os desvios-padrão da densidade mineral óssea na extremidade distal do rádio foram: para a região metafisária foi de 7,88 ± 0,89 mmAl, para a região diafisária 1 de 8,58 ± 0,80 mmAl e para região diafisária 2 de 9,00 ± 0,74 mmAl.This study allowed the standardization of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal extremity of the radio of 36 dogs adults in Rottweiler breed by radiographic optic densitometry. The limbs of the animals were radiographed with scale of aluminum that served as a reference. The radiographies images were digitalized and analyzed by a computer program for comparison of gray tones between the standard image and the image of the reference scale radiographed with the bone. Afterwards the values of density were expressed in millimeters of aluminum. Also studied the correlations between BMD and the sex, weight and external measures as the length of spine, height of the animal and circumference the distal extremity of the limb in study. The mean values and standard deviations of the bone mineral density of the distal extremity of the radio were: for the metaphysary region the average of BMD of 7,88 ± 0,89 mmAl, the diaphysary region 1 the average of BMD of 8,58 ± 0,80 mmAl and for diaphysary region 2 of BMD of 9,00 ± 0,74 mmAl.
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Bajic, Dragan. "Radiological Studies on Hippocampal Development : Morphological Variants and their Relationship to Epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för radiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131996.
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During fetal development, the hippocampal structures are folded forming the hippocampal sulcus which penetrates into the temporal lobe and then the entity rotates. During this process, the hippocampal sulcus will be closed and the inverted hippocampus takes a rounded form. After complete inversion, the hippocampus has an oval form in a plane perpendicular to its long axis. If this process has not been completed the hippocampus remains the rounded form. That condition is called incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI). The aims of this study was to evaluate the frequency of IHI in non-epileptic and epileptic children and adults and to explore the development of the hippocampal region by studying premature neonates and fetuses. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 201 epilepsy patients and 150 non-epileptic subjects were evaluated without knowing clinical data. IHI was found in 19 % in seizure free controls (20 left-sided and 8 bilateral). 30% of the 201 epilepsy patients had IHI (40 left-sided, 4 right-sided, 16 bilateral). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.02). 25% of the temporal lobe epilepsy patients had IHI. The frequency was not significantly higher than in controls. There is no causality between temporal lobe epilepsy and IHI. 44% of the Rolandic epilepsy patients and 57% of the cryptogenic generalized epilepsy patients had IHI. IHI can be a sign of possible disturbed cerebral development in other parts of the brain. Cranial ultrasound examinations of 160 premature children were analyzed. The age at examination was 23-24 GW in 24 children, 25-28 GW in 72 children, and 29-36 GW in 64 children. IHI was found in 50%, 25% and 14%, respectively. The frequency difference between the children < 25 GW and > 25 GW was statistically significant (p< 0.001). From 25 GW onwards, the frequency and laterality of IHI is similar to that in the adult population. MRIs of 63 fetuses without intracranial pathology were reviewed independently by two radiologists. Three MRIs were performed post mortem at gestation week (GW) 17-18 and 60 in utero at GW 19-35. The hippocampal sulcus was open, bi- or unilaterally, in 35 fetuses at GW 17-32. The oldest of them was at GW 32. The sulcus was closed at GW 21 at the earliest, unilaterally, and always from GW 33 onwards bilaterally. In 26/63 fetuses (41%), the hippocampal development was asymmetric and in 23 fetuses, the right side had developed faster.
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Ådemark, Belisa. "Två metoder för att påvisa lungemboli : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28777.
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Sammanfattning I Sverige drabbas ca 10000 personer årligen av lungemboli (LE). En vanlig bakomliggande orsak till LE är djup ventrombos. Tromboserna brukar vanligen sitta i benets eller bäckenets djupa vener. För att påvisa LE krävs att patienten genomgår olika radiologiska metoder såsom t.ex. datortomografi (DT) eller lungscintigrafi. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva radiologiska metodval vid utredning av LE, för- och nackdelar med de olika metoderna och i vilka fall respektive metod föredras. I databasen Pubmed söktes vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserar vilken av de radiologiska metoderna som föredras vid LE. Åtta artiklar valdes ut. Båda metoderna, DT och lungscintigrafi, är viktiga för att ställa diagnos vid misstänkt LE. DT är den metod som väljs som förstahandsmetod, detta på grund av stor tillgänglighet och snabbhet, vilket är en stor fördel. Lungscintigrafiteknik bör dock inte uteslutas eftersom de båda metoderna kan komplettera varandra.
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Brown, Mooney Roy. "Radiological protection of patients in clinical radiology." Thesis, Ulster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516140.
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Johnson, Eamon B. "Methods in Text Mining for Diagnostic Radiology." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459514073.
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Loh, Shi Lin. "Irradiated Trajectories: Medical Radiology in Modern Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493463.
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This dissertation examines the history of modern Japan via a study of rentogen, or X-rays, in medical practice. Conventional milestones in Japan’s encounters with nuclear science all date from 1945: the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that same year, the Bikini Atoll fallout incident in 1954, the construction of nuclear power plants from the late 1950s onwards, and most recently, the Fukushima Daiichi meltdown in 2011. All these events produced hibakusha – the Japanese term for survivors of nuclear-related accidents, or people suffering the effects of exposure to ionising radiation.
In contrast, this project locates the first hibakusha in an earlier period, revealing a history of radiation exposure in Japan before the atomic bombings. It reaches into the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to find Japanese bodies exposed through the development of radiology. In modern Japan, as in Western Europe and America, X-rays constituted the first source of ionizing radiation that produced victims of burns, cancers, and deaths. This study highlights the political, social and cultural impact of modern Western medicine on Japanese society from the Meiji period onwards, showing how electric-powered machines and Western expertise came to define medical practice in the emergent field of radiology.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Haji, Mohammed. "Lung safari : interactive chest anatomy and radiology /." Leeds, 2001. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/counter2/compstmsc/20002001/haji.doc.
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Chabrot, Pascal. "Synthèse de travaux en embolisation." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM15/document.
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L’embolisation occupe une part croissante de l’activité de la radiologie interventionnelle endovasculaire. Les agents d’embolisation sont nombreux, présentent des propriétés variables et permettent d’obtenir une hémostase, un hémodétournement ou réaliser le vecteur d’une thérapie ciblée. Notre travail se décompose en trois parties visant successivement à un état de l'art des agents d’embolisation disponibles, puis des travaux originaux de laboratoire, et enfin l’analyse rétrospective de diverses études radio-cliniques constituées dans notre centre. La première partie basée sur une analyse de la littérature constitue un chapitre introductif dans lequel sont évalués les caractéristiques techniques, les avantages et limites des agents d’embolisation utilisés en pratique clinique courante. Le deuxième volet repose sur des travaux fondamentaux sur l’animal réalisés dans le laboratoire de cathétérisme expérimental de l’ISIT (Professeurs Boyer et Lusson) à la faculté de Médecine de Clermont-Ferrand, et dans le laboratoire des biomatériaux endovasculaires de l’université de Montréal (Professeur Lerouge et Soulez). Dans une première série d’expérimentation nous avons participé à Montréal au développement d’un agent d’embolisation qui combine les avantages d’un gel (solidification au contact du sang) et d’un sclérosant (destruction des cellules endothéliales). Le gel ainsi mis au point a fait l’objet d’un dépôt de brevet. Il pourrait permettre de prévenir et/ou traiter les fuites observées dans le traitement par endoprothèse des anévrysmes de l’aorte. Dans un deuxième protocole expérimental nous avons analysé à Clermont-Ferrand l’interaction entre agent d’embolisation et chimiothérapie en étudiant les modifications pharmacocinétiques observées en fonction de la voie d’administration et de l’association à une embolisation partielle ou complète de l’artère hépatique sur un modèle porcin. Le troisième volet repose sur des travaux cliniques originaux analysant rétrospectivement divers points sensibles en embolisation parenchymateuse. Cette partie s’appuie sur des collaborations multidisciplinaires fortes en pathologies gynécologiques, urologiques, hépatiques et spléniques. Il faut signaler enfin, la parution prévue pour le premier trimestre 2012 de l'ouvrage "Embolisation" (350 pages, Springer Ed., P. Chabrot et L. Boyer). Une version anglaise de ce livre suivra courant 2012Embolization is an increasing part of the activity of endovascular interventional radiology. Embolization agents are numerous, have variable properties and make it possible to obtain a hemostasis, a hemodiversion, or achieve the vector of a targeted therapy. Our work is divided into three parts, successively aimed at a state of the art of available embolization agents, then original laboratory work, and finally the retrospective analysis of various radio-clinical studies made in our research center. The first part based on an analysis of the literature constitutes an introductory chapter in which the technical characteristics, the advantages and the limits of the embolization agents used in current clinical practice are assessed. The second part is based on fundamental animal studies carried out in the experimental catheterization laboratory of ISIT (Professors Boyer and Lusson) at the Faculty of Medicine of Clermont-Ferrand, and in the laboratory of endovascular biomaterials of the university. of Montreal (Professor Lerouge and Soulez). In a first series of experiments, in Montreal, we participated in the development of an embolization agent that combines the advantages of a gel (solidification in contact with blood) and a sclerosant (destruction of endothelial cells). The gel thus developed has been the subject of a patent application. It may be able to prevent and / or treat the leaks observed in stent-graft treatment of aortic aneurysms. In a second experimental protocol, in Clermont-Ferrand, we analyzed the interaction between embolization agent and chemotherapy by studying the pharmacokinetic changes observed according to the route of administration and the association with partial or complete embolization of the hepatic artery on a porcine model. The third part is based on original clinical work analyzing retrospectively various sensitive points in parenchymal embolization. This part is based on strong multidisciplinary collaborations in gynecological, urological, hepatic and splenic pathologies. Finally, it is necessary to announce the publication scheduled for the first quarter of 2012 of the book "Embolisation" (350 pages, Springer Ed., P. Chabrot and L. Boyer). An English version of this book will follow in the course of 2012
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Sampedro, Santaló Frederic. "Automatic image quantification strategies in clinical nuclear medicine and neuroradiology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402270.
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Amb la revolució de la tecnologia digital d’obtenció d’imatges radiològiques i l’increment de la potència computacional, el camp de la quantificació d’imatges mèdiques ha sorgit. El fet de poder programar un ordinador per a que detecti patrons d’interès en imatges radiològiques i pugui derivar-ne d’aquests indicadors numèrics amb valor clínic fa que, sens dubte, aquest àmbit de coneixement tingui un gran potencial en entorns mèdics i de recerca.
En aquesta tesi es presenten un conjunt de contribucions científiques en aquest context. En particular, es descriu el disseny i la implementació d’una sèrie d’estratègies computacionals de quantificació d’imatges de medicina nuclear i neuroradiologia. A continuació es detalla com aquestes tècniques han demostrat ser d’utilitat per a l’estudi de malalties molt rellevants en l’actualitat com són el càncer de mama, el limfoma no-Hodgkin, la pielonefritis, la malaltia d’Alzheimer, la malaltia de Parkinson i l’abús de cànnabis.Con la revolución de la tecnología digital de obtención de imágenes radiológicas y el aumento de la potencia computacional, el campo de la cuantificación de imágenes médicas ha emergido. El hecho de poder programar un ordenador para que detecte patrones de interés en imágenes radiológicas y pueda derivar de ellos una serie de indicadores numéricos con valor clínico hace que, sin duda, este ámbito de conocimiento tenga un gran potencial en el entorno médico y de investigación. En esta tesis se presentan un conjunto de contribuciones científicas en este contexto. En particular, se describe el diseño y la implementación de una serie de estrategias computacionales de cuantificación de imágenes de medicina nuclear y neuroradiología. A continuación se detalla cómo estas técnicas han demostrado ser de utilidad en el estudio de patologias muy relevantes en la actualidad como son el cáncer de mama, el linfoma no-Hodgkin, la pielonefritis, la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la enfermedad de Parkinson i el abuso de cánnabis.
With the revolution of digital medical imaging and the increasing computational power, the field of quantitative medical image analysis emerged. By programming a computer to detect patterns of interest in medical images and derive clinically meaningful numerical indicators from them, this field shows promising potential for healthcare and medical research systems. In this thesis, the design and implementation of computer-based quantification techniques in nuclear medicine and neuroradiological images led to several contributions in this field. These image-derived indicators contributed to complement the visual diagnosis and to further understand the pathophysiology of important health issues such as breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pyelonephritis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and cannabis abuse.
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Cornelis, Francois. "Imagerie oncologique et modélisation mathématique : développement, optimisation et perspectives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0121/document.
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Ce travail de thèse, réalisé à l'Institut Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB) de 2010 à 2015 sous la direction de Thierry Colin et Olivier Saut, décrit la création et le développement progressif d'un ensemble de théories, de techniques et d'outils liant l'imagerie médicale aux mathématiques appliquées dans le but d'envisager leur application clinique à courte échéance en oncologie. Cette thèse a tout d'abord consisté à optimiser les modèles spatiaux de croissance tumorale développés à l'IMB incluant des éléments microscopiques et macroscopiques obtenus par analyse des informations disponibles des examens d’imagerie. Plusieurs étapes ont été réalisées permettant de mieux appréhender la modélisation in vivo. Différents organes et types tumoraux ont été explorés, en particulier au niveau du poumon, du foie, et du rein. Ces localisations ont été successivement étudiées afin d’enrichir progressivement les modèles par les réponses qu'elles apportaient et répondre ainsi à la réalité clinique. De façon concomitante, des outils ont été intégrés au fur et à mesure afin de standardiser la démarche de recueil de données et permettre d'affiner l'évaluation thérapeutique par l'imagerie à l'aide de marqueurs numériques. L'implémentation de l'imagerie fonctionnelle dans une pratique clinique est ainsi devenue une réalité. Le but est à terme d’appliquer de façon prospective ces outils d'assistance en pratique quotidienne. La modélisation a été aussi appliquée en oncologie interventionnelle par l'étude de la distribution du champ électrique lors des électroporations de prostate et bientôt du foie. Ceci permettra de mieux contrôler les zones d'ablation et ainsi améliorer la sécurité et l'efficacité de ces traitements. Tout cela a permis d'envisager des projets cliniques combinant une part exploratoire impliquant la modélisation. Ces développements et leurs perspectives sont rapportés successivement dans ce manuscritThis work performed at the Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux (IMB) from 2010 to 2015 under the direction of Thierry Colin and Olivier Saut describes the creation and gradual development of a set of theories, techniques and tools linking medical imaging and applied mathematics in order to consider their clinical application in the short term in oncology. The first goal was to optimize the spatial models of tumor growth developed at the IMB including microscopic and macroscopic elements obtained by analyzing the information available on imaging explorations. Several steps were performed to better understand the in vivo modeling. Various organs and tumor types were investigated, especially in the lung, liver, and kidney. These locations were studied successively to progressively enrich the model by the answers they brought and thus respond to clinical reality. Concomitantly, tools were integrated to standardize the data collection process and help to refine the therapeutic evaluation by imaging with digital markers. The implementation of functional imaging in clinical practice has become a reality. The goal is ultimately to apply prospectively these support tools in a daily practice. Modelling was also applied in interventional oncology for the study of the electric field distribution after percutaneous irreversible electroporation in the prostate and soon in the liver. This will allow a better control of the ablation areas and thereby improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments
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Duman, Benjamin. "The root causes of errant ordered radiology exams." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/79/.
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Lindblad, Erik. "Designing a framework for simulating radiology information systems." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15211.
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In this thesis, a very flexible framework for simulating RIS is designed to beused for Infobroker testing. Infobroker is an application developed by MawellSvenska AB that connects RIS and PACS to achieve interoperability by enablingimage and journal data transmission between radiology sites. To put the project in context, the field of medical informatics, RIS and PACS systems and common protocols and standards are explored. A proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed design shows its potential and verifies that it works. The thesis concludes that a more specialized approach is preferred.
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Deniz, Onur. "Ontology Based Text Mining In Turkish Radiology Reports." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614145/index.pdf.
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Vast amount of radiology reports are produced in hospitals. Being in free text format and having errors due to rapid production, it continuously gets more complicated for radiologists and physicians to reach meaningful information. Though application of ontologies into bio-medical text mining has gained increasing interest in recent years, less work has been offered for ontology based retrieval tasks in Turkish language. In this work, an information extraction and retrieval system based on SNOMED-CT ontology has been proposed for Turkish radiology reports. Main purpose of this work is to utilize semantic relations in ontology to improve precision and recall rates of search results in domain. Practical problems encountered such as spelling errors, segmentation and tokenization of unstructured medical reports has also been addressed during the work.
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Cocklin, M. L. "Digial chest radiology : image processing requirements and applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38264.
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Chapple, Claire Louise. "The optimisation of radiation dose in paediatric radiology." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/497.
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The importance of monitoring, and where possible reducing, the level of radiation dose from diagnostic X-ray examinations has been recognised for many years and is becoming of increasing concern. Dose reduction is of particular concern in paediatric radiology, and there are specific problems associated with the monitoring and comparison of radiation doses to children. Any optimisation study relies on a framework of good dosimetry. Two techniques have been developed to improve the collection of patient dose data: the automation of survey techniques to increase the quantity of data collected; and a method of correcting for patient size which reduces one source of variability in the data. An optimisation strategy has been developed, consisting of theoretical simulations, experimental verification and clinical implementation. Monte Carlo techniques were used for the theoretical study, which investigated the effect of beam filtration on radiation dose and image quality for a wide range of parameters, specifically for a neonatal size phantom. Simulations included both radiography of bone in soft tissue and fluoroscopy of iodine and barium based contrast media. The results were assessed in terms of the beam spectra and the absorption and transmission characteristics of the phantom and image receptor. Experimental measurements of dose and contrast were made for a simple slab phantom corresponding to that simulated, and results showed good agreement with those predicted. A further set of experimental measurements were carried out using anthropomorphic phantoms in a clinical setting, which demonstrated how the theoretical predictions translated to clinical practice. A clinical trial of the use of a 0.1mm copper filter for fluoroscopic examinations of infants was performed, and the filter shown to give substantial dose reduction with no significant loss in image quality. Some general recommendations on dose quantities and the application of optimisation strategies to paediatric radiology have been made.
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Taylor, Stephen. "Radiation Protection in Radiology: Technical and Regulatory Uncertainties." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/317082/4/TOC.pdf.
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Trois axes sont définis par la Commission Internationale de Radioprotection pour gouverner la radioprotection :la justification, l’optimisation et des règlementations quant aux limites de doses d’irradiation. Ce travail vise à vérifier l’adéquation des méthodes et des techniques appliquées à ces trois axes. Quatre articles originaux sont présentés à cet effet.Concernant la justification, nous avons comparé des situations cliniques présentes/absentes de deux guidelines ainsi que la pertinence des prescriptions :les guidelines établis par Euro-2000 et ceux actualisés proposés par la Société Européenne de Radiologie sous la forme d’une plateforme numérique appelée iGuide. Davantage de cas cliniques rencontrés en pratique courante sont repris dans iGuide par rapport aux Guidelines Euro-2000. Néanmoins, l’inadéquation des recommandations aux situations cliniques auxquelles les prescripteurs sont confrontés contribue à expliquer leur faible adhésion et limite leur contribution à la justification.Concernant l’optimisation, nous avons investigué une technique qui vise à réduire l’irradiation mammaire en tomodensitométrie (TDM) thoracique. Sa conception prévoit une augmentation de l’irradiation en dehors du tissu mammaire afin de maintenir la qualité d’image pulmonaire. Les angles établis sur base anthropomorphique sont inadéquats. Le système risque d’engendrer un excès d’irradiation. Un tel système doit être évalué avant sa mise en œuvre car il peut engendrer une augmentation plutôt qu’une réduction de l’irradiation.Concernant la régulation des limites de doses, deux travaux s’intéressent à leur variabilité en fonction de la taille des échantillons en TDM et en radiographie. En se conformant aux petits échantillons exigés dans les enquêtes périodiques, les résultats sont très variables. Les conditions exigées sont dès lors inadéquates pour proposer des optimisations de doses et il convient d’augmenter le nombre d’examens exigés dans ces enquêtes.En perspective, les guidelines doivent continuer à être améliorés afin d’en accroître l’adhésion des prescripteurs. Les nouvelles technologies qui visent à réduire l’irradiation doivent être validées avant d’être mises en œuvre. Les enquêtes périodiques des doses délivrées en TDM et en radiographie doivent être basées sur de plus grands nombres d’examens.Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Fontes, David Manuel Carvalho de Abreu. "Web system for workflow optimization in radiology service." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18015.
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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaA ampla adoção de imagens médicas em formato digital nos diversos tipos de instituições de saúde, levantou novos problemas ao nível da gestão de dados e processos. A normalização destes cenários tem sido alvo de atenção nas últimas décadas, esforço que resultou no desenvolvimento e dinamização de normas como DICOM e HL7. Atualmente coexistem dois tipos de sistemas de informação num laboratório de imagem médica que devem funcionar de forma integrada, os RIS que são responsáveis pela gestão das tarefas administrativas e os PACS que fazem a gestão das imagens e informação associada. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo desenhar e implementar uma solução RIS baseada em ferramentas de utilização livre ou código aberto. Assim, começamos por estudar detalhadamente o estado da arte, incluindo soluções do domínio público e proprietárias, destacando os pontos fortes e fraquezas de cada uma. Para além da análise das tecnologias utilizadas no desenvolvimento de cada solução, este estudo teve contributos determinantes na análise de requisitos efetuada. Nomeadamente, permitiu-nos identificar funcionalidades inovadoras e com elevado valor para os utilizadores. O resultado é um sistema de informação capaz de gerir todas as operações de um departamento de radiologia, incluindo gestão administrativa de utentes, agendamento de exames, realização de relatórios clínicos, entre outras. Em termos de características inovadoras destaca-se o módulo de relatório que permite carregar novos modelos de relatórios com o sistema em produção e a sua exportação para o formato standard DICOM-SR, permitindo desta forma a sua integração com as imagens no repositório PACS. Em termos tecnológicos, desenvolveu-se uma aplicação web multiplataforma que segue uma arquitetura modular orientada a serviços e que oferece uma abstração relativamente à camada de persistência de dados.
The widespread adoption of digital medical images in various types of health institutions, has raised new problems regarding data and processes management. The standardisation of these scenarios has been subject of attention in the last decades, resulting in the development and promotion of standards such as DICOM and HL7. Currently, there are two kinds of information systems in medical imaging laboratories, that must operate in a collaborative manner, RIS which is responsible for managing the administrative tasks and PACS that manage images and associated information. This dissertation aimed to design and implement an RIS solution based on tools with no use restriction or open source. We begin by studying in detail the state of the art, including the open source and proprietary solutions, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each one. In addition to analysing the technologies used in the development of each solution, this study provided decisive contributions, regarding the project requirements. In particular, it allowed us to identify innovative features with high value to users. The achieved solution is an information system capable of managing all operations in a radiology department, including administrative management of patients, exam scheduling, conducting clinical reports, among others. Regarding innovative features, the reporting module stands out, since it allows to upload new report templates into the system and export these clinical reports in the DICOM-SR standard, thus allowing their integration with the images in a PACS repository. Regarding the technologies aspect, it was developed a multi-platform web application that follows a modular service-oriented architecture and also provides an abstraction in regard to the data persistence layer.
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Lakshmi, Shriram. "Web-based search engine for Radiology Teaching File." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000559.
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Selim, Marianne. "Från anlogt till digitalt : digitaliseringen av svensk radiologi i ett produktions- och organisationsperspektiv." Licentiate thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-49022.
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Syfte: Att beskriva den organisationsförändring som fem röntgenkliniker i Sverige genomgick i samband med att radiologin digitaliserades. Frågeställningar: Hur förändrades antalet genomförda radiologiska undersökningar och undersökningstyper från tidpunkten två år före digitaliseringen till två, fyra och sex år efter digitaliseringen? Hur förändrades antalet arbetade timmar och fördelningen av arbetade timmar mellan de olika personalkategorierna från tidpunkten två år före digitaliseringen till två, fyra och sex år efter digitaliseringen? Hur förändrades arbetsuppgifterna inom och mellan de olika personalkategorierna på röntgenklinikerna efter digitaliseringen? Hur beskriver personal med en nyckelfunktion genomförandet av digitaliseringen och eventuell förändring av arbetet efter digitaliseringen? Metod: Kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod har använts och kombinerats för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Fem svenska röntgenkliniker ingick i studien och material avseende produktionsutfall samlades in från respektive röntgenklinik. Totalt intervjuades 22 personer, med tre till sex intervjuer per röntgenklinik. Teoretiska ramverk: För att försöka förstå de positiva fynden, avseende utökade antalet undersökningar och minskning av arbetade timmar, efter digitaliseringen, genomfördes vid en av röntgenklinikerna en fallstudie med ytterligare två frågeställningar: Hur genomfördes digitaliseringen? Hur har uppföljningen vad avser arbetsflöden, genomförandet och förändringar i detalj genomförts efter digitaliseringen? Delar av Bramson m.fl. (2005) perspektiv och Kotter och Cohens (2002) framgångsfaktorer har applicerats vid analysen av det resultatet. Resultat: Samtliga röntgenkliniker uppvisade en liten ökning av antalet radiologiska undersökningar, medan datortomografi- och magnetkameraundersökningarna ökade markant under den studerade tiden. Efter digitaliseringen genomförs således fler komplicerade undersökningar, vilket anses ha medfört en kvalitativt bättre och säkrare diagnosticering. Övriga undersökningstyper uppvisar varierande resultat. Vid tre av röntgenklinikerna minskade den totala arbetade tiden, och vid två ökade den. Antalet arbetade timmar ökade för röntgenläkare och röntgensjuksköterskor, men minskade för sekreterare och undersköterskor under den studerade tiden. Generellt utför röntgenläkarna och röntgensjuksköterskorna fler arbetsuppgifter efter digitaliseringen, och många av de traditionella arbetsuppgifterna för sekreterare och undersköterskor har försvunnit eller tagits över av datorn. Bättre tillgänglighet, förhöjd kvalitet och utökad diagnostik, tydligare arbetslistor som styr arbetsflödet, förbättrad ergonomi och miljö samt samordning med andra har möjliggjorts efter digitaliseringen. Utifrån intervjuerna i fallstudien framkom teman som beskriver: information, superanvändare, utbildning, tydliga arbetsflöden och rutiner, personalbehov och motivation, liksom ett tydligt ledarskap som genomsyrat förändringsprocessen. Dessa teman är, enligt Bramson och Bramson (2005) och Kotter och Cohen (2002), viktiga att beakta för att lyckas med en förändring. Konklusion: Ingen av de intervjuade vill återgå till ett analogt arbetssätt. Digitaliseringen har inneburit att mycket förändrats för de berörda personalkategorierna, men fördelarna anses uppväga nackdelarna. För att lyckas med en förändring bör Bramsons perspektiv och Kotters framgångsfaktorer tas i beaktande.Background: Since Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1896, radiology has undergone great changes. In Sweden, the process of digitalisation radiology was initiated in the mid 1990s. Aim: To describe the organisational changes that took place in five radiol- ogy clinics in Sweden in connection with the digitalisation of radiology. Study questions: How did the number and type of radiological examinations change when comparing two years before with two, four and six years after digitalisation? How did the number and distribution of hours worked change among different staff categories when comparing two years before with two, four and six years after digitalisation? How did the duties change after digitalisation within and between different staff categories at the radiology clinics? How do staff members in key positions describe the implementa- tion of digitalisation and any changes in their professional prac- tice after digitalisation? Method: Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined in order to answer the study questions. Five Swedish radiology clinics took part in the study, and production outcome data were gathered from each clinic. A total of 22 individuals were interviewed, with three to six interviews per radiology clinic. In order to gain an understanding of the positive results at one of the radiology clinics in terms of the increased number of exami- nations and reduction in the number of hours worked after digitalization a case study was conducted at this clinic, in which two questions were posed: How was the digitalisation carried out? How were workflow, im- plementation and changes followed up in detail after digitalisation? Ele- ments of Bramson and Bramson ́s (2005) perspectives and Kotter and Cohen’s (2002) success factors were applied. Findings: All radiology clinics had a small increase in the number of radio- logical examinations, while computed tomography and magnetic reso- nance imaging examinations increased significantly during the period un- der investigation. Thus, more complex examinations were carried out post digitalisation, a fact considered to have led to qualitatively better and safer diagnoses. The total working time was reduced at three clinics, while two exhibited an increase. The total number of hours worked increased for radiologists and radiographers but decreased for secretaries and assistant nurses. In general, radiologists and radiographers performed more tasks post digitalisation, and many of the traditional duties of secretaries and assistant nurses were eliminated or taken over by the computer. Digitalisa- tion enabled greater access to radiological images and patient data in addi- tion to improved quality and diagnostics of the radiological examination. Digitalisation also allowed a better-controlled workflow, as well as im- proving ergonomics, the environment and the coordination with other clinics. The case study interviews revealed themes describing: information, super users, education, clear work flows and routines, staff needs and motiva- tion as well as clear leadership throughout the change process. According to Bramson and Kotter, these themes are important for successful change. Conclusion: None of the individuals interviewed wished to return to the analogue mode of working. The digitalisation led to great changes for the different staff categories, with the advantages outweighing the disad- vantages. To succeed with change, Bramson’s perspectives and Kotter’s success factors should be taken into consideration.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "AEC – Is It All That?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2485.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiation Protection Overview." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2486.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiation Protection Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2492.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Accreditation Seminar." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2483.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Help!! – I’m Stressed Out!”." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2489.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "What Techs Want." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2479.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiographic Pathology of the Skeletal System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2481.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "I’m Stressed Out – Help!!" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2484.
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Wu, Erik, and Elina Nordin. "Behov och förutsättningar till kompetensutveckling för röntgensjuksköterskor : En intervjustudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Radiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318330.
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Bakgrund: Yrket röntgensjuksköterska är under ständig utveckling i Sverige gällande kompetensutveckling. Internationellt sett finns det många vägar att gå för röntgensjuksköterskor. Man kan till exempel vidareutbilda sig beskrivande radiograf. Utbildningarna har uteslutande gett positiva resultat. På grund av förändringar bland patienter måste vården utvecklas, detta gäller även röntgenverksamheten. I Sverige har man, trots den internationella utvecklingen, ännu inte fullt ut sett behovet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta reda på vilket behov samt vilka förutsättningar till kompetensutveckling det finns på olika sjukhus för röntgensjuksköterskor. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semi-strukturerade frågor. Ett strategiskt urval gjordes med inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. De kvalitativa intervjuerna utfördes per telefon eller i direkta möten och samtalen spelades in för att sedan analyseras med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det har varit omväxlande svar från deltagarna. De deltagande har varierande haft stora och små behov av kompetensutveckling för sina röntgensjuksköterskor. Bristen på personal är påtaglig. Alla deltagare uttryckte att de hade möjligheter och förutsättningar för att deras röntgensjuksköterskor skulle få kompetensutveckling även om utbudet varierade. Resultatet visar att kompetensutveckling behövs inom alla områden. Trots detta uttrycker inte alla sjukhus att kompetensutveckling är viktigt för deras verksamhet. Slutsats: Kompetensutveckling för röntgensjuksköterskor är ett stort ämne. Det finns mer att ta reda på och det finns många utvecklingsmöjligheter. Det finns ett behov att kompetensutveckla anställda röntgensjuksköterskor för att få en förbättring i sin profession, vilket leder till utveckling både individuellt som röntgensjuksköterska och tillsammans som röntgenavdelning.Background: Profession as radiographer is constantly developing in Sweden valid skills development. There are many different ways in order to improve the profession internationally. One can, for example, take advanced practicing to become a reporting radiographer. The advanced practicing has exclusively showed positive results. Nowadays the patients are changing in conditions rapidly that the healthcare industry needs to adapt itself. Even the international development for radiographers seems bright, the need is yet fully realized in Sweden. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out which needs and possibilities are available for Swedish radiographers to improve and develop their own professional skills. Method: A qualitative interview study with semi-structured questions. The participants were selected by inclusions and exclusions. The interviews were conducted by telephone or physical meetings and the interviews were recorded and analyzed using qualitative content analysis manifest. Results: The responses from the participants have been varied. Lack of radiographers is palpable. All participants expressed that they had opportunities and possibilities for their radiographers to receive an advanced practicing in skills development even though the supply varied. The result shows that skills development is needed in all areas. Despite this, all hospitals do not express that skill development is important for their radiology department. Conclusion: Advanced skills development for radiographers is an interesting topic. There are more to figure out valid skill development. There is a need to develop radiographers in order to improve individually and together as X-ray department.
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Kihlberg, Johan. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Deformation and Scarring in Coronary Artery Disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143028.
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Although improved treatments have reduced the rates of acute complications from myocardial infarction, sequelae such as heart failure and sudden death threaten the future wellbeing of those patients. Secondary prevention after myocardial infarction is related to cardiovascular risk factors and the effect of the infarct on left ventricular function. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is necessary to determine the size of the infarct scar and can with great precision determine left ventricular volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction, and deformation (strain and torsion). The purpose of this thesis was to improve on CMR methods to facilitate image acquisition and post processing in patients with high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In Paper 1, a three-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (3D PSIR) sequence was modified to measure T1 during a single breath hold. The measured T1 values were used to extrapolate a map of T1 relaxation, which avoided the time-consuming manual determination of the inversion time. The data collection consisted of phantom experiments, Monte Carlo simulations of the effect of various heart rates, and clinical investigation of 18 patients with myocardial infarction. Scar images created with the modified sequence were compared to those created with the standard sequence. The 3D PSIR sequence was able to measure T1 relaxation with a high accuracy up to 800 ms, which is in the suitable range for scar imaging. Simulated arrhythmias showed that the method was robust and able to tolerate some variation in heart rate. The modified sequence provides measurements of inversion time that can be used to facilitate standard scar imaging or to reconstruct synthetic scar images. Images of infarct scar obtained with the 3D PSIR sequence bore striking similarity to images obtained with the standard sequence. In Paper 2, 125 patients with high risk of CAD were investigated using the displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) sequence. Image segments with infarct scar area >50% (transmurality) could be identified with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 80% based on circumferential strain calculated from the DENSE measurements. The DENSE sequence was also applied in other directions, but its sensitivity and specificity to detect scar was lower than when used for circumferential strain. In Paper 3, 90 patients with high risk of CAD were examined by DENSE, tagging with harmonic phase (HARP) imaging and cine imaging with feature tracking (FT), to detect cardiac abnormalities as manifested in end-systolic circumferential strain. Circumferential strain calculated with DENSE had higher sensitivity and specificity than the competing methods to detect infarction with transmurality >50%. Global circumferential strain measured by DENSE correlated better with global parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial wall mass, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume; than strain measured by FT or HARP. In Paper 4, myocardial torsion was investigated using DENSE, HARP, and FT in 48 patients with high risk of CAD. Torsion measured by each of the three methods was correlated with other global measures such as left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. The torsion measurements obtained with DENSE had a stronger relationship with left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, and volumes than those obtained with HARP or FT. DENSE was superior to the other methods for strain and torsion measurement and can be used to describe myocardial deformation quantitatively and objectively.
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Blystad, Ida. "Clinical Applications of Synthetic MRI of the Brain." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för radiologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143032.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has a high soft-tissue contrast with a high sensitivity for detecting pathological changes in the brain. Conventional MRI is a time-consuming method with multiple scans that relies on the visual assessment of the neuroradiologist. Synthetic MRI uses one scan to produce conventional images, but also quantitative maps based on relaxometry, that can be used to quantitatively analyse tissue properties and pathological changes. The studies presented here apply the use of synthetic MRI of the brain in different clinical settings. In the first study, synthetic MR images were compared to conventional MR images in 22 patients. The contrast, the contrast-to-noise ratio, and the diagnostic quality were assessed. Image quality was perceived to be inferior in the synthetic images, but synthetic images agreed with the clinical diagnoses to the same extent as the conventional images. Patients with early multiple sclerosis were analysed in the second study. In patients with multiple sclerosis, contrast-enhancing white matter lesions are a sign of active disease and can indicate a need for a change in therapy. Gadolinium-based contrast agents are used to detect active lesions, but concern has been raised regarding the long-term effects of repeated use of gadolinium. In this study, relaxometry was used to evaluate whether pre-contrast injection tissue-relaxation rates and proton density can identify active lesions without gadolinium. The findings suggest that active lesions often have relaxation times and proton density that differ from non-enhancing lesions, but with some overlap. This makes it difficult to replace gadolinium-based contrast agent injection with synthetic MRI in the monitoring of MS patients. Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumours with contrast enhancement due to a defective blood-brain barrier. However, they also grow in an infiltrative, diffuse manner, making it difficult to clearly delineate them from surrounding normal brain tissue in the diagnostic workup, at surgery, and during follow-up. The contrast-enhancing part of the tumour is easily visualised, but not the diffuse infiltration. In studies three and four, synthetic MRI was used to analyse the peritumoral area of malignant gliomas, and revealed quantitative findings regarding peritumoral relaxation changes and non-visible contrast enhancement suggestive of non-visible infiltrative tumour growth. In conclusion, synthetic MRI provides quantitative information about the brain tissue and this could improve the diagnosis and treatment for patients.
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Hellström, Terese. "Deep-learning based prediction model for dose distributions in lung cancer patients." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196891.
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Background To combat one of the leading causes of death worldwide, lung cancer treatment techniques and modalities are advancing, and the treatment options are becoming increasingly individualized. Modern cancer treatment includes the option for the patient to be treated with proton therapy, which can in some cases spare healthy tissue from excessive dose better than conventional photon radiotherapy. However, to assess the benefit of proton therapy compared to photon therapy, it is necessary to make both treatment plans to get information about the Tumour Control Probability (TCP) and the Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP). This requires excessive treatment planning time and increases the workload for planners. Aim This project aims to investigate the possibility for automated prediction of the treatment dose distribution using a deep learning network for lung cancer patients treated with photon radiotherapy. This is an initial step towards decreasing the overall planning time and would allow for efficient estimation of the NTCP for each treatment plan and lower the workload of treatment planning technicians. The purpose of the current work was also to understand which features of the input data and training specifics were essential for producing accurate predictions. Methods Three different deep learning networks were developed to assess the difference in performance based on the complexity of the input for the network. The deep learning models were applied for predictions of the dose distribution of lung cancer treatment and used data from 95 patient treatments. The networks were trained with a U-net architecture using input data from the planning Computed Tomography (CT) and volume contours to produce an output of the dose distribution of the same image size. The network performance was evaluated based on the error of the predicted mean dose to Organs At Risk (OAR) as well as the shape of the predicted Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) and individual dose distributions. Results The optimal input combination was the CT scan and lung, mediastinum envelope and Planning Target Volume (PTV) contours. The model predictions showed a homogenous dose distribution over the PTV with a steep fall-off seen in the DVH. However, the dose distributions had a blurred appearance and the predictions of the doses to the OARs were therefore not as accurate as of the doses to the PTV compared to the manual treatment plans. The performance of the network trained with the Houndsfield Unit input of the CT scan had similar performance as the network trained without it. Conclusions As one of the novel attempts to assess the potential for a deep learning-based prediction model for the dose distribution based on minimal input, this study shows promising results. To develop this kind of model further a larger data set would be needed and the training method could be expanded as a generative adversarial network or as a more developed U-net network.
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Ström, Mathilda, and Sandra Karlsson. "Patientstråldosjämförelse vid 100 kV CT-pulmonalis och 80 kV CT-pulmonalis : En kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40564.
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