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Journal articles on the topic 'Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Parveen, S., S. Victor Vedanayakam, and R. Padma Suvarna. "Thermoelectric generator electrical performance based on temperature of thermoelectric materials." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18792.

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In space applications, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators are being used for the power generation. The energy storage devices like fuel cells, solar cells cannot function in remote areas, in such cases the power generating systems can work successfully for generating electrical power in space missions. The efficiency of thermo electric generators is around 5% to 8% . Bismuth telluride has high electrical conductivity (1.1 x 105S.m /m2) and very low thermal conductivity (1.20 W/ m.K). A Thermoelectric generator has been built up consisting of a Bi2Te3 based on thermoelectric module. The main aim of this is when four thermoelectric modules are connected in series, the power and efficiency was calculated. The thermoelectric module used is TEP1-1264-1.5. This thermoelectric module is having a size of 40mmx40mm. The hot side maximum temperature was 1600C where the cold side temperature is at 400C. At load resistance, 15Ω the maximum efficiency calculated was 6.80%, at temperature of 1600C. The maximum power at this temperature was 15.01W, the output voltage is 16.5V, and the output current is 0.91A. The related and the corresponding graphs between efficiency, power, output voltage, output current was drawn at different temperatures. The efficiency of bismuth telluride, thermoelectric module is greater than other thermoelectric materials.
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2

Brekis, Arturs, Antoine Alemany, Olivier Alemany, and Augusto Montisci. "Space Thermoacoustic Radioisotopic Power System, SpaceTRIPS: The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 13498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313498.

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Electricity production is a major problem for deep space exploration. The possibility of using radioisotope elements with a very long life as an energy source was investigated in the framework of an EU project “SpaceTRIPS”. For this, a two-stage system was tested, the first in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a thermoacoustic process, and the second where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD). The aim of the present study is to develop an analytical model of the MHD generator. A one-dimensional model is developed and presented that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the device as regards both electromagnetic and fluid-dynamic aspects, and consequently to determine the characteristic values of efficiency and power.
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3

Cook, Bruce. "Silicon–Germanium: The Legacy Lives On." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082957.

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Alloy systems comprised of silicon with germanium, lead with tellurium, and bismuth with antimony have constituted a majority of thermoelectric applications during the last half-century. These legacy materials are primarily covalently bonded with a maximum ZT near one. Silicon–germanium alloys have provided the thermal to electrical conversion for many of NASA’s radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) configurations and for nearly all of its deep space and outer planetary flights, such as Pioneer I and II, Voyager I and 11, Ulysses, Galileo, and Cassini. The remarkable success of these materials and their respective devices is evidenced by the fact that there has never been a failure of the RTG systems even after over 1 billion cumulative mission-hours. The history of this alloy system as a thermoelectric conversion material spans over six decades and research to further improve its performance continues to this day. Si-Ge alloys have long been a mainstay of thermoelectric research because of a fortuitous combination of a sufficiently high melting temperature, reasonable energy band gap, high solubility for both n- and p-type dopants, and the fact that this alloy system exhibits complete miscibility in the solid state, which enable tuning of both electrical and thermal properties. This article reviews the history of silicon–germanium as a thermoelectric material and its use in NASA’s RTG programs. Since the device technology is also a critical operational consideration, a brief review of some of the unique challenges imposed by the use in an RTG is also discussed.
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4

Delson, J. K. "Thermal stress computation for steam-electric generator dispatch." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 9, no. 1 (1994): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.317550.

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5

Mboyi, Kalomba, Jun Xue Ren, and Yu Liu. "Development of a Radioisotope Heated Hollow Cathode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.331.

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A new type of hollow cathode using a radioisotope heat source instead of a conventional sheathed heater was introduced and it achieved thermionic emission performances similar to the ones of conventional hollow cathodes. Strontium-90, Plutonium-238 and Curium-244 were chosen as radioisotope heat sources and a thermal reductive layer was also used to obtain precise thermionic emissions. A new system design methodology called the Self-Sufficiency Principle was introduced and was applied by powering the keeper electrode with the radioisotope decay heat using a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). The heater supply of the hollow cathode power configuration was replaced with a RTG supply and the mode of operation of the device was modified because radioisotope heat sources cannot be switched off. This hollow cathode was then benchmarked against two ion thruster configurations and a maximal overall power saving of 3% was achieved. Its advantages are its power saving capability and scalability but it can however be voluminous, heavy and potentially hazardous. Further research in this field ought to explore the range of applications of this new power-free electron emission technology.
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6

Liu, Hui, Zhihao Zhang, and Shuang Wu. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191223131l.

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In order to solve the problem that the auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate only by relying on external power, and realize the purpose that auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate independently without the external power grid, in this research, a management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator is proposed. Firstly, the process of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is introduced, and the thermodynamic theory of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is analyzed. Then, the experimental conditions of air source self-powered electric gas generator are introduced. Finally, the results of variable speed and terminal variable flow in heating condition and terminal variable flow in cooling condition of the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator are analyzed. The results show that whether the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator studied in this research is in heating or cooling conditions, both the output power of the engine and the power of the compressor increase with the increase of the rotating speed. It can be concluded from the variable flow results in heating conditions that the smaller the end flow is, the smaller the output power of the engine will be. In this way, the loss of heat transfer efficiency of the plate can be reduced as much as possible, and the users? demand for heat can be met.
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7

Ismanov, Yu, N. Niyazov, and N. Dzhamankyzov. "Hybrid System Converting Solar Energy Into Electric Energy." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/01.

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The article discusses a mathematical model of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric methods for converting concentrated solar energy into electrical energy. The specified mathematical model makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the photovoltaic module, as well as the temperature of the electrodes of the thermoelectric generator module. Optimal operating conditions have been determined for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance at the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator. The simulation proceeded from the fact that only part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity due to the photoelectric effect, some part is lost due to radiation and convection from the upper surface of the photovoltaic module into the environment, and the rest is transferred to a thermoelectric generator connected to the lower part. photovoltaic module. A thermoelectric generator converts some of the thermal energy it receives from the photovoltaic module into electricity through the Seebeck effect, but most of it goes to the cooling system. The conversion of heat into electrical energy was based on the well-known Seebeck and Peltier effects. Along with these effects, such effects were taken into account as the formation of Joule heat due to the presence of electric current in the thermoelectric generator, Fourier thermal conductivity, as a consequence of the appearance of a temperature gradient in the transitions of a thermoelectric generator and Thomson heat, which arises both due to the presence of a temperature gradient, and electric current. The resulting model of the hybrid system makes it possible to study the effect of changing the temperature difference between the hot and cold electrodes of the thermoelectric generator and the resistance of the external circuit on the performance of the hybrid system. The model also allows the determination of the optimal operating conditions for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance on the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator.
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8

Nasrillah, Fajar. "Prototype Hybrid Thermal and Wind Power Generation System with Electric Stove and Exaust Fan." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i2.1652.

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Termoelektrik generator (juga disebut Seebeck generator) adalah perangkat generator listrik yang mengkonversi panas (perbedaan suhu) langsung menjadi energi listrik, menggunakan fenomena yang disebut efek Seebeck. Jika ada dua bahan yang berbeda yang kemudian kedua ujungnya disambungkan satu sama lain dan terjadi perbedaan temperatur di antara kedua sambungan ini, maka akan terjadi arus listrik. Generator tenaga angin adalah pemanfaatan angin untuk menyediakan tenaga mekanik melalui turbin angin untuk menghidupkan generator listrik menjadi tenaga listrik. Pemanfaatan termoelektrik generator dan generator angin dengan penunjang mekanik, hardware dan software diharapkan mampu menghasilkan tegangan yang continue dan stabil agar memenuhi syarat sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Hasil dari uji coba prototype ini dengan melakukan percobaan, yang mana media sumber panas menggunakan kompor listrik DC dan penggerak generator angin menggunakan ujung baling-baling kipas yang dikopel, mampu menghasilkan tegangan >2 volt DC (hasil dari termoelektrik) dan >12 volt DC (hasil dari generator angin), tegangan tersebut di step-up dan di step-down menjadi =12 volt DC kemudian charging ke baterai lithium-ion, dari baterai lithium-ion di konversikan menggunakan inverter DC menjadi AC yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk energi konvensional pengisian handphone atau penerangan rumah, tidak diperuntukkan untuk mensupplay peralatan elektronik TV, computer, radio dan lain-lain. Dalam pengujian termoelektrik generator dan generator angin, agar dapat dikelola menghasilkan output yang continue dan stabil menggunakan penunjang mikrokontroler arduino mega untuk mengontrol suhu dan RPM dari termoelektrik generator dan generator angin. Penelitian energi alternatif ini penting untuk dapat dikembangkan dan diterapkan, mengingat bahan bakar dari fosil yang diambil dari perut bumi lama kelamaan pasti akan berkurang. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan solusi untuk perkembangan energi alternatif di masa depan.
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9

Rahman, Ataur, Kyaw Myo Aung, Khalid Saifullah, and Mizanur Rahman. "Physics of ZnO/SiO2 electrolyte semi-conductive thermal electric generator." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.05.006.

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10

Alaamery, Samaa Samir, and Ali A. Kareem. "Study of the Nuclear Structure for 38Ar, 59Co, 124Sn, 146Nd, 153Eu and 203Tl Target Nuclei Used in Fabrication the Nuclear Batteries." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 18, no. 44 (February 27, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v18i44.504.

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The nuclear structure of 38Ar, 59Co, 124Sn, 146Nd, 153Eu and 203Tl target nuclei used in technology for nuclear batteries have been investigation, in order that, these nuclei are very interesting for radioisotope thermo-electric generator (RTG) space studies and for betavoltaic battery microelectronic systems. The single particle radial density distribution, the corresponding root mean square radii (rms), neutron skin thicknesses and binding energies have been investigated within the framework of Hartree-Fock Approximation with Skyrme interaction. The bremsstrahlung spectrums produced by absorption of beta particles in betavoltaic process and backscattered photons spectrum have also been calculated. All obtained results compared with available experimental data.
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11

Zogbochi, V., P. Chetangny, and D. Chamagne. "Thermal Analysis of Electric Machines for Combined Stirling Engine-Generator Performance." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 3 (November 22, 2021): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/10.52403/ijrr.20210379.

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The performance of an electric machine depends on its ability to resist rising internal temperature and ambient temperature. In particular when it is a combination with a heat engine, it is essential to know the thermal characteristics of the electric machine in connection with its operating environment to decide which type of machine for a better result. This work will make a comparative thermal study of three types of generators namely: the permanent magnet generator (PMSG), the squirrel cage asynchronous generator (SCIG) and the switched reluctance generator (SRG), all driven by Stirling engine. The method involves solving the heat propagation equation to determine the thermal resistance network for each machine. The resolution of the network combined with the finite element method will allow a comparison of the temperature rise and its effect on the performance of each machine. The simulation results show that the temperature of the PMSG windings stabilizes at 430 K while that of the others stabilizes at 373 K and 346 K respectively. However, when comparing the performances for the specifications of this work (i.e., produce minimum electric power of 2kW at low speed generated by the Stirling engine), PMSG is the one that fulfil all the requirements. For the use of this machine for the generator set, it will be necessary to use magnets of types GNS-39EH whose operating temperature is approximately 473K (200 ° C) with magnetic induction of 1.22 T. Keywords: choice of machines, thermal network, Finite Element Method, machine’s performances, Stirling engine.
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12

Zogbochi, V., P. Chetangny, and D. Chamagne. "Thermal Analysis of Electric Machines for Combined Stirling Engine-Generator Performance." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 3 (November 22, 2021): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210379.

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The performance of an electric machine depends on its ability to resist rising internal temperature and ambient temperature. In particular when it is a combination with a heat engine, it is essential to know the thermal characteristics of the electric machine in connection with its operating environment to decide which type of machine for a better result. This work will make a comparative thermal study of three types of generators namely: the permanent magnet generator (PMSG), the squirrel cage asynchronous generator (SCIG) and the switched reluctance generator (SRG), all driven by Stirling engine. The method involves solving the heat propagation equation to determine the thermal resistance network for each machine. The resolution of the network combined with the finite element method will allow a comparison of the temperature rise and its effect on the performance of each machine. The simulation results show that the temperature of the PMSG windings stabilizes at 430 K while that of the others stabilizes at 373 K and 346 K respectively. However, when comparing the performances for the specifications of this work (i.e., produce minimum electric power of 2kW at low speed generated by the Stirling engine), PMSG is the one that fulfil all the requirements. For the use of this machine for the generator set, it will be necessary to use magnets of types GNS-39EH whose operating temperature is approximately 473K (200 ° C) with magnetic induction of 1.22 T. Keywords: choice of machines, thermal network, Finite Element Method, machine’s performances, Stirling engine.
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13

Rashitova, I. R., and V. S. Vokhmin. "BIOENERGY COMPLEX OF ORGANIC WASTE TO PRODUCE ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 36, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-36-2-121-129.

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The article offers a technological scheme of a bioenergy complex for generating heat and electric energy. The main technical solutions that increase the energy performance of a biogas plant are given. The design of a thermoelectric generator for generating electrical energy and heating the coolant for further technological needs is given. The possibility of using the bioenergy complex for energy supply of agricultural enterprises and individual farms in a closed production cycle, as well as the possibility of using the technological scheme of the bioenergy complex in the absence of a centralized source of electric energy is substantiated. The idea was implemented, which is based on the conversion of heat from exhaust gases into electric current in the developed design of a thermoelectric generator.
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14

Valin ius, V., V. Kru inskaite, P. Valatkevi ius, V. Valin i te, and L. Marcinauskas. "Electric and thermal characteristics of the linear, sectional dc plasma generator." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (February 24, 2004): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/13/2/002.

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15

Johar, Muhammad Akmal, Zulkarnain Yahaya, Omar Mohd Faizan Marwah, Wan Akashah Wan Jamaludin, and Mohamed Najib Ribuan. "Feasibility study of Thermal Electric Generator Configurations as Renewable Energy Sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 914 (October 2017): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/914/1/012024.

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16

Woo, Byung Chul, and Hee Woong Lee. "Relation Between Electric Power and Temperature Difference for Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019095.

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The thermoelectric generation is the direct energy conversion method from heat to electric power. The conversion method is a very useful utilization of waste energy because of its possibility using a thermal energy below 423K. This research objective is to establish the thermoelectric technology on an optimum system design method and efficiency, and cost effective thermoelectric element in order to extract the maximum electric power from a wasted hot water. This paper is considered in manufacturing a thermoelectric generator and manufacturing of thermoelectric generator with 32 thermoelectric modules. It was also found that the electric voltage of thermoelectric generator with 32 modules slowly changed along temperature differences and the maximum power of thermoelectric generator using thermoelectric generating modules can be defined as temperature function.
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17

Ayeleso, Ayokunle Oluwaseun. "EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATOR UNDER DC ARC PLASMA." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0001.

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The generation of electric power through the conventional systems (thermal and hydroelectric) is no longer sufficient to meet the increasing industrial and commercial usage. Therefore, an alternative energy conversion system is currently being sought. The aim of the presented study is to develop a direct energy conversion system (Magnetohydrodynamics, MHD generator) to generate electric power using plasma. Additionally, the generator electric response is investigated based on the Faraday’s principle of electromagnetism and fluid dynamics. For this purpose, a rectangular MHD generator prototype with segmented electrodes was constructed and subjected to continuous plasma from a DC arc source at test facilities available in the Western Cape region (South Africa). Subsequently, the terminal voltages at the middle-electrodes were measured one after another across 1, 100 and 470 Ω load resistors. In all experiments, the absolute time-averages of the measured terminal voltage across each load resistor were similar, which indicates a generation of power. The maximum power of the order 0.203mW was obtained when 1 Ω resistor was connected to the middle-electrodes. Conclusively, these results validate the measurement approach of the MHD generator with segmented electrodes and could be used to design a large MHD unit that can be incorporated to the existing conventional thermal plant to improve their cyclic thermal efficiency.
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18

Allman, W. A., D. C. Smith, and C. R. Kakarala. "The Design and Testing of a Molten Salt Steam Generator for Solar Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268235.

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This paper describes the design and testing of the Steam Generator Subsystem (SGS) for the Molten Salt Electric Experiment at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Molten Salt Electric Experiment (MSEE) has been established at the Department of Energy’s five megawatt thermal Solar Central Receiver Test Facility, to demonstrate the feasibility of the molten salt central receiver concept. The experiment is capable of generating 0.75 megawatts of electric power from solar energy, with the capability of storing seven megawatt-hours of thermal energy. The steam generator subsystem transfers sensible heat from the solar-heated molten nitrate salt to produce steam to drive a conventional turbine. This paper discusses the design requirements dictated by the steam generator application and also reviews the process conditions. Details of each of the SGS components are given, featuring the aspects of the design and performance unique to the solar application. The paper concludes with a summary of the test results confirming the overall design of the subsystem.
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19

Kwon, Woo Chul, and Joon Yong Yoon. "Experimental study of a cavitation heat generator." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 227, no. 1 (June 26, 2012): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408912451535.

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Recent research has investigated the use of ultrasonic or hydrodynamic cavitation for chemical reactors, water treatment equipment, and heat generators. In this article, a new cavitation heat generator is introduced. The proposed system utilizes an electric motor to rotate the generator, and various experiments are performed by changing the flow conditions such as inlet pressure and rotating velocity to evaluate the performance of it. In addition, the amount of heat generation is measured and the thermal efficiency is evaluated. The result is a highly efficient heat generator that can reach 90% thermal efficiency.
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20

Kruchinin, A. M., M. Ya Pogrebissky, E. S. Ryazanova, and A. Yu Chursin. "Thermal characteristics of an arc column in the stabilization zone of an air-operated laminar plasma torch." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 6 (2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2020-6-56-61.

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The method of universal characteristics of an electric arc is described as a mathematical basis for the heat exchange model of an electric arc in the processes of electric arc heating in electrical engineering. Application of this method for calculation of the temperature characteristics of an arc column compressed by the walls of the discharge channel in the stabilization zone of a laminar plasma torch operating in air is considered. An example of the temperature profile calculation of a wall-stabilized arc for a plasma generator with a discharge channel diameter of 5 mm operating in air at an arc current of 60 A is presented. Calculated results are compared with the results of experimental studies of this plasma generator.
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21

Mertia, Parul, Surendra Kothari, and N. L. Panwar. "Energetic and exergetic analysis of solar photovoltaicthermoelectric generator hybrid system." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/256-261.

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The objective of present study is to determine the energy and exergy performance of the developedSolar Photovoltaic- Thermoelectric generator hybrid system. The experimental setup was examined under Udaipur climatic conditions (24°352 73 N; 73°422 453 E). The hybrid systems convert sunlight into electric power by the PV module and then utilize the rest thermal energy by the TEG module. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the energy analysis is used to evaluate the output performance of the hybrid system. And the output electric power of the hybrid system is calculated. Moreover, the second law of thermodynamics is applied to the exergy analysis of the hybrid system. The exergy losses caused by the irreversible process of solar radiation converted into electric power and thermal energy are evaluated. The calculation results demonstrate that exergy of system follows the incident solar radiation and most of the input exergy has been lost at output with maximum losses occur when solar radiations are converted into heat.
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22

Larson, D. L. "Performance of the Coolidge Solar Thermal Electric Power Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268173.

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Energy performance and equipment evaluation results are presented for the grid-connected Coolidge solar thermal-electric power plant. Performance was determined for each of the major subsystems—line-focus collector array, thermal energy storage and 200 kW, organic Rankine cycle engine and generator. Day-long collector array efficiency was about 32, 26, and 9 percent in June, September, and December, respectively. Energy conversion efficiency was about 20 percent; electrical parasitics reduced this by 12 percent. Operation and maintenance required about 90 h/mo, only 20 percent requiring special skills or training. Operating supplies and repair services cost about $6300 per year. Major equipment problem catagories were fluid leakage and electric motor and electronic component failures. The presented operating data provide a basis for improved design and analysis.
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23

Serhiy Buriakovskyi, Borys Liubarskyi, Artem Maslii, Danylo Pomazan, and Tatyana Tavrina. "Research of a Hybrid Diesel Locomotive Power Plant Based on a Free-Piston Engine." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.3.103-109.

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This article describes one of the possible ways for improving the energy efficiency of shunting diesel locomotives. It means a replacing a traditional traction electric transmission with a diesel generator set with a hybrid transmission with a free-piston internal combustion engine and a linear generator. The absence of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine makes it possible to reduce thermal and mechanical losses, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the efficiency of traction electric transmission of the diesel locomotive.
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24

Luo, Ding, Ruochen Wang, Yuying Yan, Zeyu Sun, Weiqi Zhou, and Renkai Ding. "Comparison of different fluid-thermal-electric multiphysics modeling approaches for thermoelectric generator systems." Renewable Energy 180 (December 2021): 1266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.033.

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25

Kilinc, Enes, Fatih Uysal, Erdal Celik, and Huseyin Kurt. "Steady-state thermal-electric analysis of a π-shaped 8-pair thermoelectric generator." Materials Today: Proceedings 8 (2019): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.02.049.

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26

Chávez Urbiola, Edgar Arturo, and Yuri Vorobiev. "Investigation of Solar Hybrid Electric/Thermal System with Radiation Concentrator and Thermoelectric Generator." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/704087.

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An experimental study of a solar-concentrating system based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs) was performed. The system included an electrical generating unit with 6 serially connected TEGs using a traditional semiconductor material, Bi2Te3, which was illuminated by concentrated solar radiation on one side and cooled by running water on the other side. A sun-tracking concentrator with a mosaic set of mirrors was used; its orientation towards the sun was achieved with two pairs of radiation sensors, a differential amplifier, and two servomotors. The hot side of the TEGs at midday has a temperature of around 200°C, and the cold side is approximately 50°C. The thermosiphon cooling system was designed to absorb the heat passing through the TEGs and provide optimal working conditions. The system generates 20 W of electrical energy and 200 W of thermal energy stored in water with a temperature of around 50°C. The hybrid system studied can be considered as an alternative to photovoltaic/thermal systems, especially in countries with abundant solar radiation, such as Mexico, China, and India.
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27

Menzhinski, A. B., A. N. Malashin, and A. E. Kaleda. "Method of parametric analysis of reciprocating electric generators with permanent magnets." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Physical-Technical Series 66, no. 4 (December 26, 2021): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8358-2021-66-4-458-469.

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A method for the parametric analysis of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets has been developed, which allows revealing the values of the parameters of the magnetic circuit (cross-sectional area) and the working winding (number of turns) at a given value of the efficiency, providing a minimum specific gravity of the generator. The method of parametric analysis of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets consists of three stages. The first and second stages are the electromagnetic calculation of the generator: at the first stage, the main geometric dimensions of the magnetic system and the parameters of the working winding of the generator are determined; at the second stage, the verification of the electromagnetic calculation of the generator, calculation of the nominal mode, calculation of the efficiency and assessment of the thermal state of the generator are fulfilled. At the third stage, a parametric analysis of electric generators of reciprocating motion with permanent magnets with specified constraints is carried out, as well as the refinement of the geometric dimensions and configuration of the magnetic system of the generator using a two-dimensional finite element model of the magnetic field. As a result, to ensure better use of the electrical steel of the magnetic circuit of the generator and thereby reduce its mass, the most saturated areas and areas, which are characterized by low values of the magnetic field strength, are determined. Distinctive features of the proposed technique are: the use of a minimum specific gravity of electric generators of reciprocating motion with longitudinal, transverse or combined changes in the magnetic flux passing through the working winding as an objective function; combined approach to electromagnetic calculation; taking into account the influence of the operating temperature on the parameters of the permanent magnet, as well as overheating of individual parts of the generator.
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28

Aigumov, T. G., V. A. Alyabev, D. V. Evdulov, and I. Sh Mispahov. "PORTABLE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR MODEL ELECTRIC ENERGY FOR THE FAR NORTH." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-2-8-19.

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Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a model of a portable thermoelectric generator (TEG), designed to operate at low ambient temperatures, the study of thermophysical processes occurring during its operation.Method A thermal model of TEG for the conditions of the Far North was created, in which five main blocks are distinguished: a heat source (human), heat accumulators, TEG implemented by a certain number of thermoelectric batteries (TEB) connected in series, heat pipes and a radiator system for intensifying heat transfer cold junctions of thermopile elements with the environment, on the border of which there are boundary conditions of the 2nd and 3rd kind. Based on the thermal model, a mathematical model of the device has been developed, which includes solving the problems of calculating the heat conduction, melting and solidification of the working substance in a heat accumulator; an electric energy generator based on a thermoelectric converter.Result The dependency graphs are obtained, reflecting the main characteristics of the developed system, in particular, the dependence of the change in the emf on the temperature difference between the TEG junctions at various coefficients of heat exchange with the environment, efficiency TEG from thermo-emf.Conclusion As follows from the obtained data, the value of the generated emf directly related to the temperature difference between the TEG junctions, and the higher the value of the latter, the higher the emf value The direct dependence of the emf is also evident. and values of heat transfer coefficients with the environment. From the graphs presented, we can conclude that to obtain a larger value of the generated emf it is necessary to select a heat accumulator with the highest possible temperature and heat of fusion. C.p.d. generator decreases with increasing generated emf Under the conditions of a numerical experiment, the maximum value of the efficiency amounted to slightly less than 8%. It is advisable to use heat pipes as heat conduits because of the minimum heat loss along their length, and crystalline sodium sulfate, crystalline sodium carbonate, and paraffin as heat accumulators.
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Zhang, Zheng, Jiang Hong Wu, and Guang Shu Si. "Novel High-Intensity Thermoelectric Generator and its Application on Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.892.

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The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped both engine and generator is a transitional type from the internal-combustion engine vehicle to electric vehicle, but is a self-existent type, too. Applying a thermoelectric generator to recovery the waste heat of its engine, could not only improve the energy saving, but also the discharge / charge performance of the vehicle. For this purpose, the applicable generator must be a high-power and high-density one, which exchanges energy between the waste heat flow field and the conversion electric field; moreover, the temperature field is the coupling field with them. One of the methods to increase power-density of the generator is to strengthen the conversion intensity among above fields. In this paper, firstly a novel internal-axial-netted thermoelectric generator is presented, which includes following basic ideas: (1) using the stereo-electrodes to improve the integration of thermo-elements; (2) let the thermocouples to do heat convection directly with heat gas flow in pipe, to increase the heat flow density and electric current density, reduce the thermal resistance on solid conducting; (3) using the compensating wire to connect thermoelectric circuit and elongate the distance between hot source and cold source, so a higher temperature difference and a stronger cooling effect can be made. The analyses show though this generator used existing thermoelectric materials, its out-power can be increased and volume can be compacted. After this, secondly, the application scheme and key technologies of the novel high-intensity thermoelectric generator (HTG) as a main electrical source to supply electric power in HEV are chiefly discussed also.
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30

Langston, Lee S. "Aspects of Gas Turbine Thermal Efficiency." Mechanical Engineering 142, no. 09 (September 1, 2020): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2020-sep4.

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Abstract In the family of heat engines, the gas turbine is unique in that it is used to produce two different kinds of useful power. By converting combusted fuel heat into work, a gas turbine engine can produce external shaft power (e.g., to drive a connected electric generator) or jet power (e.g., as a jet engine, to produce thrust forces to propel an aircraft). This means that the gas turbine’s thermodynamic figure of merit, thermal efficiency, is multifaceted, and calls for a nuanced examination.
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31

Barkan, Shaul, Valeri D. Saveliev, Jan S. Iwanczyk, Liangyuan Feng, Carolyn R. Tull, Bradley E. Patt, Dale E. Newbury, John A. Small, and Nestor J. Zaluzec. "A New Improved Silicon Multi-Cathode Detector (SMCD) for Microanalysis and X-Ray Mapping Applications." Microscopy Today 12, no. 6 (November 2004): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065962.

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A silicon multi-cathode detector (SMCD) has been developed for microanalysis and x-ray mapping applications. The SMCD has a large active area (∼0.5 cm2), excellent energy resolution, and high count rate capability. The detector utilizes novel structures that have produced very low dark current, high electric field, uniform charge collection, low noise and high sensitivity to low energy x-rays. The detector's spectral response was evaluated using a 55Fe radioisotope source, as well as by fluorescing materials with an x-ray generator. Figure 1 shows a 55Fe spectrum with an energy resolution of 125 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV collected at 12 μs peaking time. This energy resolution has been repeatably measured on many different detectors. To evaluate the high count rate x-ray performance, which is very important for fast x-ray mapping, a Cu sample was fluoresced using a Rh-anode x-ray tube.
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32

Zogbochi, Victor, Patrice Chetangny, Jacques Aredjodoun, Didier Chamagne, Gerald Barbier, Sossou Houndedako, and Antoine Vianou. "Comparative Study of Electric Machines for Stirling Generator Application." Advanced Engineering Forum 43 (November 16, 2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.43.73.

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The choice of a machine for an application and a given specification remains a complex problem. This will involve, for example, bringing together criteria such as: performance, space saving, economical, reliable, little acoustic noise and others. The best machine selection to fulfill all constraints is an important step for the project to be realized. This work focus on Stirling Engine based Generator and study all types of rotating machines that can be employed for maximum electric power production. Analytical electromagnetic models where developed for all types of rotating machines that satisfied minimum requirement for the project by solving Maxwell equations. The purpose is to develop the design model and combine electromagnetic and thermal study of the machines. Finite Element Method is used to compare the performances of the generators for the best choice. Results show that for applications not requiring bigger output power, the major criteria for the selection is the optimal magnetic induction created by the inducer in the stationary part of the machine. For application such as Stirling generators, permanent magnet (PM) machine satisfy many comparison criteria such as maximum power at low speed, torque density, high efficiency. Beyond exposing a selection method for a project, this work lay down a step-by-step method for engineers and scientists for the crucial stage of design and conception work
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33

Rizza, J. J. "Ammonia-Water Low-Temperature Thermal Storage System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888042.

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An analysis of a low-temperature thermal storage system using an ammonia-water solution both as a refrigerant and as a low-temperature thermal storage material is considered. The thermal storage is useable at a temperature of −27°C and higher. The proposed system is designed to shift electric demand from high to low-demand periods. The system utilizes a heat-operated absorption refrigeration system; however, the generator heat is supplied by a self-contained vapor compression heat pump. The heat pump is operated during the off-peak period to recover the low-temperature thermal storage by reprocessing the stored ammonia-water solution to a lower ammonia-water concentration. The ammonia vapor liberated from solution in the dephlegmator is used in the compressor to produce the generator heat. Three different configurations are considered, including a solar-assisted system. The results are compared to an eutectic salt storage system.
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34

Dukhanina, V. I., and A. A. Ketsaris. "Analysis of the design of the automotive generator of reciprocating type." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 6, no. 2-1 (January 20, 2012): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68450.

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This article considers an automobile generator of reciprocating motion type with a free piston, which is an integral unit converting mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of engine pistons into electrical energy for use as an on-board power supply of hybrid vehicles. The authors examine advantages of this method of converting of thermal energy into electrical energy and design issues. The papers formulates the requirements to the linear electric generator with a free piston. It also includes a brief review of linear generator developments.
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35

Yoppy, Yoppy, Mohamad Khoirul Anam, Yudhistira Yudhistira, Priyo Wibowo, Harry Arjadi, Hutomo Wahyu Nugroho, and Haryo Dwi Prananto. "Analysis of Step Up Transformer for Pulsed Electric Fields Generator." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp59-66.

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<em><span>Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a novel non-thermal food processing whose purpose is</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span>inactivating microbes while at the same time preserving food’s nutrition, color, and taste. This paper presents an analysis of step up transormer for PEF high voltage generator. To achieve the optimum PEF effects, the pulse shape should resemble a square, which is characterized by low voltage drop and fast rising time. Through simulations, it has been shown that higher transformer inductance results in lower voltage drop. However at some points, further increasing the inductance would only produces negligible improvements. Meanwhile fast rising time can be achieved by minimizing leakage inductance and parasitic capacitance. Moreover, maximum energy transfer to the load can be obtained by reducing winding resistances. Finally, a case of high voltage generator using ignition coil has been evaluated. Due to its high winding resistances, ignition coil seems to be not suitable for PEF applications.</span></em>
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36

Lee, Ji-Young, Ji-Heon Lee, and Tung Khanh Nguyen. "Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Generator Design for Hybrid Electric Propulsion Drone Applications." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 8509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248509.

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This paper presents the design of an axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) generator used for hybrid electric propulsion drone applications. The design objectives of the AFPM generator are high power density, which is defined as output power per generator weight, and high efficiency. In order to satisfy the requirements for the target application and consider the practical problems in the manufacturing process, the structure of the AFPM generator comprising a double-rotor single-stator (DR-SS) was studied. In order to determine the rotor topology and stator winding specifications that had the greatest impact on performance in the DR-SS type design process, we selected three rotor models according to the arrangement of the magnetization direction and three stator models according to the coreless winding specifications. These models were first compared and analyzed. Then, a 3-D finite element method was performed to calculate the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the designed models. By consideration of the output power, efficiency, temperature, and mechanical stability, etc., a topology suitable for the design of generators for UAV systems was determined and manufactured. The reliability of the design result was confirmed through the test.
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37

Dong, Li Yu, Zhi Wei Zhou, and Yang Ping Zhou. "Mathematical Model and Dynamic Characteristics of Spiral-Style Super-Critical Steam Generator Used HTGR." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1678.

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Modular HTGR nuclear power plant because of inherent safety and high thermal efficiency shows good prospects for development. The current high-temperature reactor demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) using two thermal power of 250MW of modular HTGR with an electric power 211MWe turbine unit. As one development goals of multi-reactor with one turbine unit, millions of kilowatt nuclear power plant will use more reactor module and steam generator module more like demonstration power plant (HTR-PM) with 1000MWe supercritical turbine generator unit. spiral-style super-critical steam generator design, modeling is a key factor. Analyzing the structure and the characteristic of moderate spiral coil steam generator which is used in Modular HTGR demonstration power plant, from the mechanism of equipments, based on the law of quality conservation, energy conservation, momentum conservation, authors build up the full scope real time simulation mathematical model of super critical steam generator. The dynamic experiments of feed water disturbance, power disturbance, Helium flux disturbance are made on the basis of the model. The experiments show that the model of super critical steam generator has excellent dynamic characteristics.
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38

Hamood, Ahmed, and Artur Jaworski. "Experimental investigations of the performance of a thermoacoustic electricity generator." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600025.

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This paper presents the experimental investigation of a two-stage thermoacoustic electricity generator able to convert heat at the temperature of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion into useful electricity. The novel configuration is one wavelength and consists of two identical stages. The identical stages will have out of phase acoustic wave at similar amplitudes which allows coupling a linear alternator to run in push-pull mode. The experimental set-up is 16.1 m long and runs at 54.7 Hz. The working medium is helium at 28 bar. The maximum generated electric power is 73.3 W at 5.64% thermal-to-electric efficiency. The working parameters including load resistance, mean pressure and heating power were investigated.
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39

Zabora, Igor. "Combined electromachine generators for energy-efficient mini-power plants." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825103038.

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The design, principle of operation and features of new combined electric machine – generator-transformer unit (GTU) are considered. The units are designed for generating units of mini thermal power plants with extreme parameters of moving media (steam-gas, gas-liquid, etc.) at high pressure and temperature. The possibility of reliable and efficient conversion of electric power by means of electric machines directly in sealed objects with extreme environmental conditions with help of new GTU is shown.
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40

Juárez-Huerta, V. H., N. Sánchez-Salas, and J. C. Chimal-Eguía. "Optimization Criteria and Efficiency of a Thermoelectric Generator." Entropy 24, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121812.

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The efficiency of a thermoelectric generator model under maximum conditions is presented for two optimization criteria proposed under the context of finite-time thermodynamics, namely, the efficient power criterion and the Omega function, where this last function represents a trade-off between useful and lost energy. The results are compared with the performance of the device at maximum power output. A macroscopic thermoelectric generator (TEG) model with three possible sources of irreversibilities is considered: (i) the electric resistance R for the Joule heating, (ii) the thermal conductances Kh and Kc of the heat exchangers between the thermal baths and the TEG, and (iii) the internal thermal conductance K for heat leakage. In particular, two configurations of the macroscopic TEG are studied: the so-called exoreversible case and the endoreversible limit. It shows that for both TEG configurations, the efficiency at maximum Omega function is always greater than that obtained in conditions of maximum efficient power, and this in turn is greater than that of the maximum power regime.
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41

Leontopoulos, C., D. A. Robb, and C. B. Besant. "Case Study: Vibration analysis for the design of a high-speed generator for a turbo-electric hybrid vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981525957.

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The project relates to the design and development of a prototype high-speed turbo-generator as the thermal engine in a series hybrid vehicle. The substantial benefit of the turbo-generator against a diesel generator lies in the very high power-weight, power-volume ratio and renders itself particularly attractive for use in hybrid vehicle applications. However, to achieve a 50 kW power output, the turbo-generator has to have an operating speed of 60 000 r/min and thus important mechanical problems have to be solved. The core of this study addresses the requirement for an adequate understanding of rotor-dynamic behaviour by combining the results from both analytical and practical techniques. The assessment of modal testing, finite element analysis and vibration-condition monitoring, their feedback within the design-make-and-test procedure and the practical compromises and design constraints are presented and a design methodology is formulated. It is concluded that, under certain conditions, the prototype generator can be directly coupled to a small gas turbine, can operate safely and can produce the required power output.
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42

Chenchevoi, V., Iu Zachepa, O. Chornyi, R. Yatsiuk, O. Chencheva, A. Nekrasov, and I. Kropyvnyi. "THERMAL MODEL OF THE "INDUCTION GENERATOR–INDUCTION MOTOR" SYSTEM WITH NON–SYMMETRY IN THE STATOR WINDINGS." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 2, no. 53 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2021.2.54.47-55.

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Purpose. Development of the IG model for estimation of influence of variations of parameters of the generator on quality of process of self–excitation at definition of the basic and boundary operating modes and system of initial excitation at invariable parameters of the generator. Result. The article presents studies of the system "asynchronous generator-asynchronous motor" with parametric asymmetry to determine the quality of generated electricity in load modes of operation on a mathematical model. The assessment of the thermal state in steady-state conditions was carried out using an equivalent thermal equivalent circuit. Thermal transients were investigated when starting an asynchronous electric motor from an autonomous power source based on an asynchronous generator. On a thermal mathematical model, a study of the influence of the asymmetry of the output voltage and its deviation from the nominal value on the heating of the connected asynchronous motor was carried out. A regression model has been developed for studying the operating conditions of electricity consumers when powered by an asynchronous generator with an asymmetry of the stator windings. Practical value. The use of the obtained equations will make it possible to determine the most rational combination of factors affecting the heating of the stator windings of asynchronous machines, at which they will not overheat in excess of the maximum permissible temperature values of the corresponding insulation classes. Figures 9, tables 2, references 23.
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43

Langston, Lee S. "The Elephant in the Room–Gas Turbine Power." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-dec-8.

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This article presents an overview of gas turbine combined cycle (CCGT) power plants. Modern CCGT power plants are producing electric power as high as half a gigawatt with thermal efficiencies approaching the 60% mark. In a CCGT power plant, the gas turbine is the key player, driving an electrical generator. Heat from the hot gas turbine exhaust is recovered in a heat recovery steam generator, to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine to generate more electrical power. Thus, it is a combined power plant burning one unit of fuel to supply two sources of electrical power. Most of these CCGT plants burn natural gas, which has the lowest carbon content of any other hydrocarbon fuel. Their near 60% thermal efficiencies lower fuel costs by almost half compared to other gas-fired power plants. Their installed capital cost is the lowest in the electric power industry. Moreover, environmental permits, necessary for new plant construction, are much easier to obtain for CCGT power plants.
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44

Samikov, Ruslan F., Shamil F. Nigmatullin, Makhmut M. Razyapov, Arseniy A. Kozeev, Alexey V. Smolyanov, and Dmitriy A. Galin. "Improving the Efficiency of the Liquid Heater in the Pre-Start Preparation of the Internal Combustion Engin." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 304–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202102.304-320.

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Introduction. In this article the study subject is the power supply system of the pre-start heater. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using a thermoelectric generator to power the liquid preheater with optimization of the flow section of the thermoelectric generator heat exchanger. Materials and Methods. It is proposed to use a thermoelectric generator as an additional energy source to reduce electric power consumption by a pre-start heater. In the course of the study, various structures of the flow section of the thermoelectric generator heat exchanger have been modeled. The thermal and hydrodynamic analyses were carried out in the software environment ANSYS Workbench, Solidworks Flow Simulation to develop the most effective design for the flow section of the thermoelectric generator heat exchanger Results. An experimental installation was assembled and the dependence of the temperature modes of the pre-start heater on the output parameters of the thermoelectric generator was determined. Discussion and Conclusion. It has been proved the possibility of reducing the power consumption of the vehicle battery during thermal preparation of the internal combustion engine by using a thermoelectric generator adapted to the power supply system of the liquid pre-start heater.
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45

Rowe, D. M. "Recent advances in silicon-germanium alloy technology and an assessment of the problems of building the modules for a radioisotope thermo-electric generator." Journal of Power Sources 19, no. 4 (April 1987): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(87)87001-5.

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46

Rizza, J. J. "Lithium Bromide and Water Thermal Storage System." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 110, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268275.

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An analysis of a thermal storage system using a lithium bromide and water solution both as a refrigerant and as a storage material is considered. The proposed thermal storage system can be used to shift electric demand from periods of high demand to periods of low demand. The system is considered for both the summer cooling and winter heating season. The system’s evaporator and absorber are similar to that of a conventional heat-operated absorption refrigeration system; however, the generator heat is supplied by a self-contained electrically-driven vapor compression heat pump. The heat pump is operated during the off-peak period to recover the thermal storage by reprocessing the stored solution to a higher lithium bromide concentration. The water vapor liberated from solution in the generator is compressed and then condensed in the generator. The storage volumetric efficiency is determined and compared to storage systems based on water ice for the cooling season only and on a liquid water storage system for both cooling and heating. The storage volumetric efficiency of the proposed system is greater than or comparable to that of a thermal storage system based upon water ice and far exceeds the value for a thermal storage system based upon liquid water. The system can be constructed from standard HVAC components and appears to be a competitive alternative to a water ice storage system for summer cooling only, and it could be a competitive alternative to a liquid water system for combined summer and winter operations.
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47

Le, Kien Chi, and Cuong Minh Duc Nguyen. "Solving the problem of combination of Multi-fuel electric generator units using lagrange multiplier theory." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i2.1516.

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This paper presents an approach to solve the unit commitment problem with multifuel options in the thermal power plants. Traditionally, each generator unit is used to each fuel option with the segmented piecewise quadratic functions, so that it is not difficult to solve them. However, it is more realistic to represent the fuel cost function for each fossil fired plant as the segmented piecewise quadratic functions. Those units are faced with the difficulty of determining which fuel is the most economical to burn. Therefore, this paper presents an approach to solve the unit commitment problem with multi-fuel options. An advantage of the method is to formulate Lagrange mathematical function easily based on the Lagrange multiplier theory. The simulation result for 10 generator systems are compared with others methods to show that the approach is a new method and an effective method to solve the minimizing of electricity production cost of generator units with multi-fuel option.
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48

Liu, Jiahui, Wanli Peng, and Houcheng Zhang. "Performance evaluation of a hybrid alkali metal thermal electric converter-two stage thermoelectric generator system." Applied Thermal Engineering 191 (June 2021): 116820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116820.

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49

Vlăducă, Iulian, Claudia Borzea, Dan Ionescu, Alexandra Ţăranu, Răzvan Ciobanu, Vicenţiu Ringheanu, and Răzvan Nedelcu. "Compressed air energy storage facility with water tank for thermal recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018002002.

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The paper presents the prototype of the first Romanian Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) installation. The relatively small scale facility consists of a twin-screw compressor, driven by a 110 kW threephase asynchronous motor, which supplies pressurized air into a 50m3 reservoir, of 20 bar maximum pressure. The air from the vessel is released into a twin-screw expander, whose shaft spins a 132 kW electric generator. The demonstrative model makes use of a 5m3 water tank acting as heat transfer unit, for minimising losses and increasing efficiency and the electric power generated. Air compression and decompression induce energy losses, resulting in a low efficiency, mainly caused by air heating during compression, waste heat being released into the atmosphere. A similar problem is air cooling during decompression, lowering the electric power generated. Thus, using a thermal storage unit plays an essential role in the proper functioning of the facility and in generating maximum electric power. Supervisory control and data acquisition is performed from the automation cabinets. During commissioning tests, a constant stable power of around 50 kW with an 80 kW peak was recorded.
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50

Kaluzhsky, D. L. "THERMAL POWER PLANT BASED ON A FREE PISTON ENGINE AND A RECIPROCATING GENERATOR." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 19, no. 1 (39) (March 28, 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022no1/40-49.

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The article discusses an autonomous power supply system based on a Stirling engine and a reciprocating generator. There are analyzed the conditions of its operation, the choice of an external combustion engine and a linear synchronous generator. In the course of solving the problem of supplying autonomous consumers with thermal and electric energy remote from the city infrastructure, a power plant with the capacity of up to 100 VA was developed and manufactured. Its experimental study, as well as the analysis of the patent-informationarray, made it possible to determine the boundaries of using this technical object. The reciprocating generator is driven by a free-piston engine with an external heat supply. For carrying out field experiments, a prototype laboratory model of a free-piston engine with an external heat supply with a linear alternator has been developed. Its main difference from the known types of Stirling engines is the absence of a massive flywheel with a crankshaft and a crank mechanism, which makes it possible to achieve greater tightness and significantly increases the power on output shaft while limiting the outer dimensions. Air is used as the working medium with addition of a small percentage of water, which makes it possible to develop pressure up to 10 MPa. The technical calculation of the generator design has been given, the force required to develop the needed power during the movable element reciprocating movement has been determined. Solutions have been adopted to suppress acoustic noise causing discomfort to consumers. This can in particular be done by placing vibration dampers and designing a generator with a high efficiency. The design of the moving element should minimize mechanical stress on the windings or magnets. The proposed generator can be competitive and can successfully replace traditional low-power sources of electricity with diesel or gasoline engines.
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