Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator

Academic literature on the topic 'Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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Parveen, S., S. Victor Vedanayakam, and R. Padma Suvarna. "Thermoelectric generator electrical performance based on temperature of thermoelectric materials." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18792.

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In space applications, the radioisotope thermoelectric generators are being used for the power generation. The energy storage devices like fuel cells, solar cells cannot function in remote areas, in such cases the power generating systems can work successfully for generating electrical power in space missions. The efficiency of thermo electric generators is around 5% to 8% . Bismuth telluride has high electrical conductivity (1.1 x 105S.m /m2) and very low thermal conductivity (1.20 W/ m.K). A Thermoelectric generator has been built up consisting of a Bi2Te3 based on thermoelectric module. The main aim of this is when four thermoelectric modules are connected in series, the power and efficiency was calculated. The thermoelectric module used is TEP1-1264-1.5. This thermoelectric module is having a size of 40mmx40mm. The hot side maximum temperature was 1600C where the cold side temperature is at 400C. At load resistance, 15Ω the maximum efficiency calculated was 6.80%, at temperature of 1600C. The maximum power at this temperature was 15.01W, the output voltage is 16.5V, and the output current is 0.91A. The related and the corresponding graphs between efficiency, power, output voltage, output current was drawn at different temperatures. The efficiency of bismuth telluride, thermoelectric module is greater than other thermoelectric materials.
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Brekis, Arturs, Antoine Alemany, Olivier Alemany, and Augusto Montisci. "Space Thermoacoustic Radioisotopic Power System, SpaceTRIPS: The Magnetohydrodynamic Generator." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 13498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313498.

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Electricity production is a major problem for deep space exploration. The possibility of using radioisotope elements with a very long life as an energy source was investigated in the framework of an EU project “SpaceTRIPS”. For this, a two-stage system was tested, the first in which thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a thermoacoustic process, and the second where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by means of a magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD). The aim of the present study is to develop an analytical model of the MHD generator. A one-dimensional model is developed and presented that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the device as regards both electromagnetic and fluid-dynamic aspects, and consequently to determine the characteristic values of efficiency and power.
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Cook, Bruce. "Silicon–Germanium: The Legacy Lives On." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082957.

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Alloy systems comprised of silicon with germanium, lead with tellurium, and bismuth with antimony have constituted a majority of thermoelectric applications during the last half-century. These legacy materials are primarily covalently bonded with a maximum ZT near one. Silicon–germanium alloys have provided the thermal to electrical conversion for many of NASA’s radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) configurations and for nearly all of its deep space and outer planetary flights, such as Pioneer I and II, Voyager I and 11, Ulysses, Galileo, and Cassini. The remarkable success of these materials and their respective devices is evidenced by the fact that there has never been a failure of the RTG systems even after over 1 billion cumulative mission-hours. The history of this alloy system as a thermoelectric conversion material spans over six decades and research to further improve its performance continues to this day. Si-Ge alloys have long been a mainstay of thermoelectric research because of a fortuitous combination of a sufficiently high melting temperature, reasonable energy band gap, high solubility for both n- and p-type dopants, and the fact that this alloy system exhibits complete miscibility in the solid state, which enable tuning of both electrical and thermal properties. This article reviews the history of silicon–germanium as a thermoelectric material and its use in NASA’s RTG programs. Since the device technology is also a critical operational consideration, a brief review of some of the unique challenges imposed by the use in an RTG is also discussed.
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Delson, J. K. "Thermal stress computation for steam-electric generator dispatch." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 9, no. 1 (1994): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.317550.

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Mboyi, Kalomba, Jun Xue Ren, and Yu Liu. "Development of a Radioisotope Heated Hollow Cathode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.331.

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A new type of hollow cathode using a radioisotope heat source instead of a conventional sheathed heater was introduced and it achieved thermionic emission performances similar to the ones of conventional hollow cathodes. Strontium-90, Plutonium-238 and Curium-244 were chosen as radioisotope heat sources and a thermal reductive layer was also used to obtain precise thermionic emissions. A new system design methodology called the Self-Sufficiency Principle was introduced and was applied by powering the keeper electrode with the radioisotope decay heat using a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG). The heater supply of the hollow cathode power configuration was replaced with a RTG supply and the mode of operation of the device was modified because radioisotope heat sources cannot be switched off. This hollow cathode was then benchmarked against two ion thruster configurations and a maximal overall power saving of 3% was achieved. Its advantages are its power saving capability and scalability but it can however be voluminous, heavy and potentially hazardous. Further research in this field ought to explore the range of applications of this new power-free electron emission technology.
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Liu, Hui, Zhihao Zhang, and Shuang Wu. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191223131l.

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In order to solve the problem that the auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate only by relying on external power, and realize the purpose that auxiliary equipment of electric gas turbine can operate independently without the external power grid, in this research, a management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator is proposed. Firstly, the process of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is introduced, and the thermodynamic theory of the thermal energy management system of the air source self-powered electric gas generator is analyzed. Then, the experimental conditions of air source self-powered electric gas generator are introduced. Finally, the results of variable speed and terminal variable flow in heating condition and terminal variable flow in cooling condition of the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator are analyzed. The results show that whether the thermal energy management system of air source self-powered electric gas generator studied in this research is in heating or cooling conditions, both the output power of the engine and the power of the compressor increase with the increase of the rotating speed. It can be concluded from the variable flow results in heating conditions that the smaller the end flow is, the smaller the output power of the engine will be. In this way, the loss of heat transfer efficiency of the plate can be reduced as much as possible, and the users? demand for heat can be met.
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Ismanov, Yu, N. Niyazov, and N. Dzhamankyzov. "Hybrid System Converting Solar Energy Into Electric Energy." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/01.

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The article discusses a mathematical model of a hybrid system that combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric methods for converting concentrated solar energy into electrical energy. The specified mathematical model makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the photovoltaic module, as well as the temperature of the electrodes of the thermoelectric generator module. Optimal operating conditions have been determined for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance at the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator. The simulation proceeded from the fact that only part of the absorbed solar radiation is converted into electricity due to the photoelectric effect, some part is lost due to radiation and convection from the upper surface of the photovoltaic module into the environment, and the rest is transferred to a thermoelectric generator connected to the lower part. photovoltaic module. A thermoelectric generator converts some of the thermal energy it receives from the photovoltaic module into electricity through the Seebeck effect, but most of it goes to the cooling system. The conversion of heat into electrical energy was based on the well-known Seebeck and Peltier effects. Along with these effects, such effects were taken into account as the formation of Joule heat due to the presence of electric current in the thermoelectric generator, Fourier thermal conductivity, as a consequence of the appearance of a temperature gradient in the transitions of a thermoelectric generator and Thomson heat, which arises both due to the presence of a temperature gradient, and electric current. The resulting model of the hybrid system makes it possible to study the effect of changing the temperature difference between the hot and cold electrodes of the thermoelectric generator and the resistance of the external circuit on the performance of the hybrid system. The model also allows the determination of the optimal operating conditions for the hybrid system, taking into account the thermal contact resistance on the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator.
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Nasrillah, Fajar. "Prototype Hybrid Thermal and Wind Power Generation System with Electric Stove and Exaust Fan." JTECS : Jurnal Sistem Telekomunikasi Elektronika Sistem Kontrol Power Sistem dan Komputer 1, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/jtecs.v1i2.1652.

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Termoelektrik generator (juga disebut Seebeck generator) adalah perangkat generator listrik yang mengkonversi panas (perbedaan suhu) langsung menjadi energi listrik, menggunakan fenomena yang disebut efek Seebeck. Jika ada dua bahan yang berbeda yang kemudian kedua ujungnya disambungkan satu sama lain dan terjadi perbedaan temperatur di antara kedua sambungan ini, maka akan terjadi arus listrik. Generator tenaga angin adalah pemanfaatan angin untuk menyediakan tenaga mekanik melalui turbin angin untuk menghidupkan generator listrik menjadi tenaga listrik. Pemanfaatan termoelektrik generator dan generator angin dengan penunjang mekanik, hardware dan software diharapkan mampu menghasilkan tegangan yang continue dan stabil agar memenuhi syarat sebagai sumber energi alternatif. Hasil dari uji coba prototype ini dengan melakukan percobaan, yang mana media sumber panas menggunakan kompor listrik DC dan penggerak generator angin menggunakan ujung baling-baling kipas yang dikopel, mampu menghasilkan tegangan >2 volt DC (hasil dari termoelektrik) dan >12 volt DC (hasil dari generator angin), tegangan tersebut di step-up dan di step-down menjadi =12 volt DC kemudian charging ke baterai lithium-ion, dari baterai lithium-ion di konversikan menggunakan inverter DC menjadi AC yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk energi konvensional pengisian handphone atau penerangan rumah, tidak diperuntukkan untuk mensupplay peralatan elektronik TV, computer, radio dan lain-lain. Dalam pengujian termoelektrik generator dan generator angin, agar dapat dikelola menghasilkan output yang continue dan stabil menggunakan penunjang mikrokontroler arduino mega untuk mengontrol suhu dan RPM dari termoelektrik generator dan generator angin. Penelitian energi alternatif ini penting untuk dapat dikembangkan dan diterapkan, mengingat bahan bakar dari fosil yang diambil dari perut bumi lama kelamaan pasti akan berkurang. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat memberikan solusi untuk perkembangan energi alternatif di masa depan.
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Rahman, Ataur, Kyaw Myo Aung, Khalid Saifullah, and Mizanur Rahman. "Physics of ZnO/SiO2 electrolyte semi-conductive thermal electric generator." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 4, no. 5 (May 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.05.006.

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Alaamery, Samaa Samir, and Ali A. Kareem. "Study of the Nuclear Structure for 38Ar, 59Co, 124Sn, 146Nd, 153Eu and 203Tl Target Nuclei Used in Fabrication the Nuclear Batteries." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 18, no. 44 (February 27, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v18i44.504.

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The nuclear structure of 38Ar, 59Co, 124Sn, 146Nd, 153Eu and 203Tl target nuclei used in technology for nuclear batteries have been investigation, in order that, these nuclei are very interesting for radioisotope thermo-electric generator (RTG) space studies and for betavoltaic battery microelectronic systems. The single particle radial density distribution, the corresponding root mean square radii (rms), neutron skin thicknesses and binding energies have been investigated within the framework of Hartree-Fock Approximation with Skyrme interaction. The bremsstrahlung spectrums produced by absorption of beta particles in betavoltaic process and backscattered photons spectrum have also been calculated. All obtained results compared with available experimental data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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Linford, Patrick A. "Lithium ion power generator : a novel system for direct thermal to electric energy conversion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111711.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).
Wireless sensing technology has advanced greatly, but a critical obstacle to miniaturization and true autonomy is how to power sensors. Lithium ion batteries have been ideal power sources due to their high power density, but autonomy requires some form of power generation. The unique demands of miniaturization require power generation that can be isothermal and have a small cross-section. Lithium ion batteries can be used to generate power for wireless sensors in isothermal conditions. A novel circuit is proposed that can function in either a dual or single-temperature configuration. Novel cells are also proposed to maximize the effect of the system. LiCo02 used as a positive electrode with LiV2Os as a negative electrode (LCO/LVO) could theoretically generate 0.9mvK-1 in the dual-temperature system. Additionally, LCO/LVO cells used in conjunction with LiNio.Mno.1Co0.1O2 used as a positive electrode and LiFePO 4 used as a negative electrode should be able to generate 0.9mVK-1 when used in the single-temperature system.
by Patrick A. Linford.
S.M.
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Castellví, Fernández Quim. "Non-focal non-thermal electrical methods for cancer treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586217.

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Most physical ablation modalities for cancer treatment are focal and are based on thermal damage. Despite their regular clinical use as an alternative to surgical resection, their thermal principle of operation entails risks regarding the preservation of neighboring vital structures, such as large vessels, critical ducts or nerves. In addition, being focal, their use is unpractical in cases where multiple nodules are present or tumors are difficult to reach with the applicators. This thesis explores non-thermal electrical treatments which can be applied in a non-focal manner. Two treatments have been investigated: the first treatment, proposed by others a few years ago, is based on the permanent application of low magnitude alternating electric fields through surface electrodes. Here, this treatment has been in vivo studied to evaluate its efficacy as well as to discern whether it is non-thermally mediated. The second electrical treatment is based on the electroporation phenomenon and targets liver tumor nodules. Electroporation-based therapies employ brief high magnitude electric fields. These pulsed fields, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, are able to kill cells by increasing their membrane permeability. Current electroporation-based therapies for internal tumors are local and are delivered through needle-shaped electrodes. Rather than using needle electrodes to treat liver tumors, here it is explored a novel treatment in which large plate electrodes are used to deliver the field across the whole liver in a non local fashion. The treatment aims at simultaneously destroying all tumors while preserving healthy tissue. Its efficacy is based on selectively enhancing the electric field over the tumors by infusing a solution with high electrical conductivity. The proposed treatment for liver tumors requires a high performance generator which is not currently available. The work presented here includes the design of a new generator topology able to fulfill the requirements.
La majoria del mètodes físics d'ablació tumoral es basen en produir dany tèrmic de manera focalitzada. Tot i ser considerats una alternativa habitual a la resecció quirúrgica, el principi tèrmic de funcionament, comporta un risc per la preservació d'estructures vitals adjacents a la zona de tractament, tals com grans vasos o nervis. A més, el fet de ser focals, fa impracticable la seva aplicació en cas de múltiples nòduls o tumors de difícil accés. Aquesta tesi explora tractaments elèctrics no basats en temperatura, capaços de ser aplicats de manera no focal. S'han investigat dos tractaments: El primer, proposat per altres fa pocs anys, està basat en aplicar permanentment camps elèctrics alterns de baixa magnitud a través d'elèctrodes superficials. Aquí, aquest tractament s'ha estudiat in vivo tant per avaluar la seva eficàcia com per discernir si aquesta resideix en la temperatura. El segon tractament es basa en el fenomen d'electroporació i persegueix el tractament de nòduls hepàtics. En els tractaments basats en electroporació, s’apliquen breus camps elèctrics de gran magnitud per tal de permeabilitzar la membrana cel·lular. Això permet la penetració d’agents quimioterapèutics o produeix directament la mort cel·lular. En lloc d'utilitzar, com és habitual, agulles per tal d'aplicar el tractament, aquí s'explora tractar tot el fetge de forma no localitzada, fent servir grans elèctrodes plans i paral·lels. Utilitzant solucions d'alta conductivitat elèctrica, es pretén magnificar selectivament el camp elèctric sobre els tumors, sent així capaços de destruir tots els tumors i alhora preservar el teixit sà. El tractament proposat per els tumors hepàtics, requereix d'un equip generador actualment no disponible. El presentat treball inclou el disseny d'una nova topologia de generadors capaç de complir amb els requisits.
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Odvářka, Erik. "Motor-generátor s axiálním tokem pro hybridní autobus." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233508.

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Tato dizertační práce se zabývá návrhem původního motor-generátoru s axiálním tokem a buzením permanetními magnety, zkonstruovaným specificky pro hybridní elektrický autobus. Návrhové zadání pro tento stroj přineslo požadavky, které vedly k této unikátní topologii tak, aby byl dosažen výkon, účinnost a rozměry stroje. Tato partikulární topologie motor-generátoru s axiálním tokem je výsledkem literární rešerše, kterou následoval výběr koncepce stroje s představeným návrhem jako výsledkem těchto procesů. Přístup k návrhu stroje s axiálním tokem sledoval „multi-fyzikální“ koncepci, která pracuje s návrhem elektromagnetickým, tepelným, mechanickým, včetně návrhu řízení, v jedné iteraci. Tím je v konečném návrhu zajištěna rovnováha mezi těmito inženýrskými disciplínami. Pro samotný návrh stroje byla vyvinuta sada výpočtových a analytických nástrojů, které byly podloženy metodou konečných prvků tak, aby samotný návrh stroje byl přesnější a spolehlivější. Modelování somtného elektrického stroje a celého pohonu poskytlo představu o výkonnosti a účinnosti celého subsytému v rozmanitých operačních podmínkách. Rovněž poukázal na optimizační potenciál pro návrh řízení subsystému ve smyslu maximalizace účinnosti celého pohonu. Bylo postaveno několik prototypů tohoto stroje, které prošly intensivním testováním jak na úrovni sybsytému, tak systému. Samotné výsledky testů jsou diskutovány a porovnány s analytickými výpočty parametrů stroje. Poznatky získané z prvního prototypu stroje pak sloužily k představení možností, jak zjednodušit výrobu a montáž stroje v příští generaci. Tato práce zaznamenává jednotlivé kroky během všech fází vývoje elektrického stroje s axiálním tokem, počínaje výběrem konceptu stroje, konče sumarizací zkušeností získaných z první generace prototypu tohoto stroje.
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Assaad, Bassel. "Contribution à la prise en compte des aspects thermiques des machines électriques dans un environnement mécatronique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2251/document.

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Les machines électriques jouent un rôle très important dans la conversion d'énergie dans plusieurs applications et domaines. Les contraintes thermiques jouent ainsi un rôle indispensable dans la conception des machines électriques de plus en plus petites et performantes. En effet, la performance des machines électriques est limitée par les températures maximales admissibles dans certaines zones critiques telles que le bobinage, les aimants permanents et les roulements. Deux approches principales peuvent être utilisées pour étudier le comportement thermique de la machine: la méthode nodale ou le circuit à constantes localisées ou les modèles numériques. Dans notre étude, nous proposons d'appliquer la méthode nodale sur une machine électrique intégrée dans un environnement mécatronique complexe. Le modèle thermique développé de la machine est ainsi présenté avec ses différents éléments. En effet, un modèle précis dépend fortement de plusieurs paramètres thermiques tels que les coefficients d'échange convectif, les conductances de contact, les conductivités équivalentes du bobinage, et autres paramètres. En conséquence, des techniques d'analyse de sensibilité sont ensuite appliquées sur le modèle thermique pour identifier les paramètres d'influence significative sur les températures de la machine ainsi que pour la réduction de ce modèle. Ensuite, nous appliquons deux méthodologies d'identification des paramètres thermiques incertains sont développées et appliquées afin de recaler le modèle thermique de la machine. Cette étape permet la validation de ce modèle par rapport à des mesures thermiques sur une machine synchrone à aimants permanents internes installée sur un banc de caractérisation de machine électriques. Finalement, nous intégrons le modèle recalé dans une approche système mécatronique comportant les lois de commande de la machine ainsi que son convertisseur. Ceci permettra ainsi d'étudier l'influence de la température d'une machine électrique sur le système mécatronique complet
Electric machines play an important role in power conversion in several applications and fields. With the increasing demand for designing lighter and more efficient machines and optimizing the existing structures, thermal analysis becomes a necessary; in fact, the performance of electric machines islimited by the allowable temperatures in many critical components like windings, permanent magnetsand bearings. Two main approaches can be employed in order to study the machine thermal behavior : the lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) or numerical models. Considering low-computationtime-consuming and the possibility to be integrated in a mechatronics system design, the LPTN method is considered in our study. The latter is mainly applied on electric machine integrated in a complex mechatronics environment. The thermal network is presented along with the definition of the principal elements constituting this network. In fact, an accurate and reliable network strongly depends on many critical parameters like heat transfer coefficients, interface gaps, impregnation goodness, among others. For this reason, different sensitivity analysis techniques are carried out in order to, first, identify the significance of uncertainties in the evaluation of these parameters on machine temperatures and second, to reduce the thermal network. Next, we propose two optimization algorithm-based identification methodologies in order to calibrate results of the thermal network with measured temperatures obtained from a test-bench of a permanent magnet based integrated starter-generator machine. The calibrated model is then integrated in a mechatronics system consisting of an electric model of the electric machine, along with its control strategy and the power converter. This final study allows us to evaluate the impact of the machine temperature rise on the mechatronic system
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Metebe, Michael Tebogo. "Investigation into the correlation between paper insulation thermal ageing estimation using the arrhenius equation and other methods for generator transformers." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23513.

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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Date submitted: 28 August 2015
Many generator transformers were installed many years ago during the initial commissioning of Eskom’s power stations. Many of these transformers have started showing signs of significant ageing of the paper insulation and hence require regular monitoring. There are two methods that are currently being employed to assess the degree of ageing of the paper insulation in a generator transformer, which are paper sampling and furan level measurement. This dissertation investigates an alternative method of predicting the degree of ageing of the paper insulation instead of what is used currently. This method uses the Arrhenius equation that relates time and temperature to determine the degree of degradation of organic materials. The reliability of the Arrhenius estimation method is assessed by comparing the predicted DP (Degree of polymerisation) values with the measured DP values of the same transformer paper insulation. The results obtained showed that there is reasonable correlation between the DP values estimated from the Arrhenius equation and the DP values estimated from the measured furan levels. The accuracy of the prediction method is reduced when the oil temperature greatly differs from the paper insulation temperature. The application of the Arrhenius equation to estimate the ageing of paper insulation is a great milestone in the quest to predict the remaining life of a transformer. It is the only method available to do this prediction and using online temperature measurement on transformers makes the method more reliable.
MT 2017
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Lozano, Adolfo. "Analysis of a novel thermoelectric generator in the built environment." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4131.

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This study centered on a novel thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated into the built environment. Designed by Watts Thermoelectric LLC, the TEG is essentially a novel assembly of thermoelectric modules whose required temperature differential is supplied by hot and cold streams of water flowing through the TEG. Per its recommended operating conditions, the TEG nominally generates 83 Watts of electrical power. In its default configuration in the built environment, solar-thermal energy serves as the TEG’s hot stream source and geothermal energy serves as its cold stream source. Two systems-level, thermodynamic analyses were performed, which were based on the TEG’s upcoming characterization testing, scheduled to occur later in 2011 in Detroit, Michigan. The first analysis considered the TEG coupled with a solar collector system. A numerical model of the coupled system was constructed in order to estimate the system’s annual energetic performance. It was determined numerically that over the course of a sample year, the solar collector system could deliver 39.73 megawatt-hours (MWh) of thermal energy to the TEG. The TEG converted that thermal energy into a net of 266.5 kilowatt-hours of electricity in that year. The second analysis focused on the TEG itself during operation with the purpose of providing a preliminary thermodynamic characterization of the TEG. Using experimental data, this analysis found the TEG’s operating efficiency to be 1.72%. Next, the annual emissions that would be avoided by implementing the zero-emission TEG were considered. The emission factor of Michigan’s electric grid, RFCM, was calculated to be 0.830 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) per MWh, and with the TEG’s annual energy output, it was concluded that 0.221 tons CO2e would be avoided each year with the TEG. It is important to note that the TEG can be linearly scaled up by including additional modules. Thus, these benefits can be multiplied through the incorporation of more TEG units. Finally, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the TEG integrated into the built environment with the solar-thermal hot source and passive ground-based cold source was considered. The LCOE of the system was estimated to be approximately $8,404/MWh, which is substantially greater than current generation technologies. Note that this calculation was based on one particular configuration with a particular and narrow set of assumptions, and is not intended to be a general conclusion about TEG systems overall. It was concluded that while solar-thermal energy systems can sustain the TEG, they are capital-intensive and therefore not economically suitable for the TEG given the assumptions of this analysis. In the end, because of the large costs associated with the solar-thermal system, waste heat recovery is proposed as a potentially more cost-effective provider of the TEG’s hot stream source.
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Books on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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High efficiency direct thermal to electric energy conversion from radioisotope decay using selective emitters and spectrally tuned solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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Babu, S., R. Sriram, S. Gopikrishnan, and A. Praveen. "Solar Energy Simulation of Fresnel Lens Concentrated System for Thermal Electric Generator." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 833–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0698-4_91.

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Yang, Siliang, Francesco Fiorito, Deo Prasad, and Alistair Sproul. "Numerical Simulation Modelling of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Double-Skin Facades." In Recent Advances on Numerical Simulations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97171.

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Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) replaces building envelope materials and provides electric power generator, which has aroused great interest for those in the fields of energy conservation and building design. Double-skin façade (DSF) has attracted significant attention over the last three decades due to its bi-layer structure, which improves thermal and acoustic insulation and therefore increases the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of buildings. It is hypothesised that the integration of BIPV and DSF (BIPV-DSF) would help buildings in reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort concurrently. However, the prototype of the BIPV-DSF has not been well explored. Thus, the investigations of the BIPV-DSF are worthwhile. Numerical simulation is a cost and time effective measure for the design and analysis of buildings. This chapter spells out a comprehensive method of numerical simulation modelling of the novel BIPV-DSF system in buildings, which is carried out by using a graphically based design tool – TRNSYS and its plugins. TRNSYS has been validated and widely used in both the BIPV and building related research activities, which are capable in analysing the effects of BIPV-DSF on building performance such as energy consumption and indoor thermal condition.
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Conference papers on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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Wang, Xiawa, Walker Chan, Veronika Stelmakh, and Peter Fisher. "Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic Generator Design and Performance Estimates for Terrestrial Applications." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66607.

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This work provides the design methods and performance estimates of the radioisotope thermophotovoltaic system (RTPV) for terrestrial applications. The modeling is based on an experimentally tested prototype using two-dimensional high temperature photonic crystal to realize spectral control. The design efforts focus on the optimization of the system efficiency and contain the heat source number, the size of the energy conversion elements, the insulation configuration, and the heat sink design. An equivalent circuit model was developed for the thermal and electrical performances. Based on a specific output requirement, an optimized heat source number and energy conversion area can be computed for a certain cell type and insulation design. The selection and characterization of the low bandgap thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells applicable to the generator are compared and discussed. The generator’s heat sink design uses extended fins and the performance is estimated based on the external operating conditions. Finally, the work provides a design example of a terrestrial RTPV generator with an output level of ∼40 W electrical power (We) using InGaAsSb cell, reaching an efficiency of 8.26%.
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Panindre, Prabodh, Narges Susan Mousavi Kh., and Sunil Kumar. "Analytical Models for Radiative Heat Transfer in Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) Cell." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62913.

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A Radioisotope Thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) Cell is a device used to convert heat energy into electrical energy. The electric generation capacity of RTPV cell depends on the radiative heat transfer between its two surfaces: the emitter surface heated by radioisotope thermal source and the receiving photovoltaic (PV) cell surface. The spectral directional surface properties and the surface temperatures of emitter and PV cell surface play important roles in quantifying the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell. This paper establishes the required analytic flat plate solutions to calculate the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell. The results obtained using the analytic solutions developed in this study have been qualitatively validated with the results of numerical simulations performed by a commercially available software. The effect of the surface temperatures and emitter surface coating on RTPV cell capacity is also studied and analyzed by both the methods. The results obtained from both the methods show that PV cell surface temperature has negligible effect on RTPV cell capacity as compared to the emitter surface temperature. Also, the radiative heat flux of RTPV cell with coated emitter is found to be significantly higher than that of RTPV cell with uncoated emitter surface. The analytical methods can be used to estimate the net radiative heat flux of RTPV cell for different surface temperatures and are independent of the dimensions of RTPV cell.
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Wang, X., W. Chan, P. Fisher, R. Liang, and J. Xu. "Thermal Insulation Design of Portable Radioisotope Electrical Generators." In 2019 19th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (PowerMEMS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powermems49317.2019.61547404455.

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Wang, Xiaoyen J., William Fabanich, and Paul C. Schmitz. "Thermal Model Predictions of Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator Performance." In 12th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3770.

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Lin, E. I. "Analytical thermal model validation for Cassini radioisotope thermoelectric generator." In IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203). IEEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecec.1997.661982.

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Wang, Xiao Yen. "Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) Thermal Power Model in MATLAB." In 9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5729.

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Kiebel, Gary R., and Michael J. Wiemers. "An on-line information system for radioisotope thermal generator production." In Proceedings of the eighth symposium on space nuclear power systems. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40042.

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Wang, Xiao Yen, William Fabanich, and Paul Schmitz. "Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator thermal power model in Thermal Desktop SINDA/FLUINT analyzer." In 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4060.

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McCoy, John C., and David L. Becker. "An overview of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator Transportation System Program." In Space technology and applications international forum: 1st conference on commercial development of space; 1st conference on next generation launch systems; 2nd spacecraft thermal control symposium; 13th symposium on space nuclear power and propulsion. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49859.

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Rohit, G., D. Manaswini, Vinod Kotebavi, and Nagaraja S. R. "Performance study of thermo-electric generator." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, CHARACTERIZATION, SOLID STATE PHYSICS, POWER, THERMAL AND COMBUSTION ENERGY: FCSPTC-2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990247.

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Reports on the topic "Radioisotope Thermal electric Generator"

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N. Supplement Analysis for the Site-Wide Environmental Impact Statement for Continued Operation of Los Alamos National Laboratory -- Recovery and Storage of Strontium-90 Fueled Radioisotope Thermal Electric Generators at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833786.

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