Academic literature on the topic 'Radioisotope scanning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radioisotope scanning"
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MITTAL, BHAGWANT R., DHEERAJ GUPTA, and SURINDER K. JINDAL. "Radioisotope Bone Scanning in Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 25, no. 6 (June 2000): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-200006000-00019.
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BENELHADJ, SALAH, FRÉDÉRIC PATROIS, MICHÈLE DUET, BRUNO BÉROLATTI, and OLIVIER MUNDLER. "Radioisotope Bone Scanning in Chronic Osseous Sarcoidosis." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 21, no. 5 (May 1996): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199605000-00004.
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CINTI, DOROTHY C., HAROLD B. HAWKINS, and JAMES D. SLAVIN. "Radioisotope Bone Scanning in a Case of Sarcoidosis." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 10, no. 3 (March 1985): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003072-198503000-00014.
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Moriyama, Eiji, Tomoyuki Ogawa, Ayumi Nishida, Shinichi Ishikawa, and Hiroichi Beck. "Quantitative analysis of radioisotope cisternography in the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension." Journal of Neurosurgery 101, no. 3 (September 2004): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.101.3.0421.
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Object. The authors attempted a quantitative analysis of conventional radioisotope cisternography for the purpose of more accurate diagnosis of intracranial hypotension. Methods. Fifty-seven patients suspected of having intracranial hypotension underwent radioisotope cisternography. Whole-body images were obtained 2.5, 6, and 24 hours after intrathecal injection of 111In—diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Radioactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space was counted during scanning, and radioisotope clearance was studied. Direct signs of radioisotope leakage into the spinal epidural space were found in 25 patients. Most leaks were located in the lumbosacral region. Analysis of the radioisotope clearance curve revealed two different patterns. In patients without a radiographically demonstrated radioisotope leak, absolutely exponential curves were observed (R2 > 0.99). The activity of the radioisotope decreased at a rate of e−0.03 to e−0.107 (mean ± standard deviation, e−0.056 ± 0.018; 32 patients). Clearance in patients with an overt radioisotope leak was not a simple exponential curve; it could be divided into an early rapid phase and a late slow phase. The clearance rate during the first 6 hours was e−0.219 ± 0.127 (25 patients) and e−0.076 ± 0.021 thereafter. The authors speculated that the early escape of undiluted radioisotope solution through an aberrant CSF outlet, such as a traumatic spinal dural tear, was responsible for this phenomenon. Conclusions. The quantitative analysis featured in this study seems to be useful in the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension. A small CSF leak below the limit of radioisotope cisternography resolution might be detected using this technique.
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Mohammed, Mohammed Siddig H., Essam M. Banoqitah, Ezzat Elmoujarkach, Abdulsalam M. Alhawsawi, and Fathi Djouider. "A virtual laboratory for radiotracer and sealed-source applications in industry." Nukleonika 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0003.
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Abstract Radioactive sealed sources and radiotracer techniques are used to diagnose industrial process units. This work introduces a workspace to simulate four sealed sources and radiotracer applications, namely, gamma scanning of distillation columns, gamma scanning of pipes, gamma transmission tomography, and radiotracer flow rate measurements. The workspace was created in Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation toolkit and was called Industrial Radioisotope Applications Virtual Laboratory. The flexibility of GATE and the fact that it is an open-source software render it advantageous to radioisotope technology practitioners, educators, and students. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental results that are available in the literature showed the effectiveness of the virtual laboratory.
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Zincirkeser, Sabri, Zeki Çelen, Mustafa Yılmaz, and Ercan Sivaslı. "Diagnoses of false negative Meckel's diverticulum in a 14 month old boy using radioisotope scanning." European Journal of Therapeutics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.2007-13-1-1397-arch.
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A 14-month-old boy with painless rectal bleeding for two days was referred to our department. He had an equivocal Meckel's diverticulum which showed rapid washout of activity on radioisotope scan. This scintigraphic finding was later confirmed on surgery and histopathologically. Radioisotope scanning with pertechnetate is a simple, non-invasive and valuable test for pre-operative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. However, rapid Tc99m-pertechnetate washout may be one of false negative causes. if in doubt, study should be repeated the next day and it is more convenient to image patient in prone position and dynamic oblique views should be taken.
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Hirnle, P., K. P. Mittmann, B. Schmidt, and K. H. Pfeiffer. "Indications for radioisotope bone scanning in staging of cervical cancer." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 248, no. 1 (September 1990): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389585.
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Askarova, Anna A., Viktor N. Nikolkin, Denis S. Butakov, Leonid P. Sinelnikov, and Vladimir N. Rychkov. "Sr-doped carbon matrices for use as electrodes in autonomous electrical energy sources." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 6 (June 27, 2024): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/6/4355.
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Relevance. The need to create new safe energy sources that can meet the needs of production and medicine where the use of traditional energy sources is impossible or unprofitable. Such sources may include radioisotope power sources, in which energy production is ensured by the natural decay of radionuclides. The most important components of current sources such as supercapacitors are electrode materials, the characteristics of which determine the electrophysical characteristics of radioisotope sources. This work proposes a method for synthesizing a carbon matrix doped with Sr for use as electrodes of radioisotope power sources. Aim. Development, mastery and optimization of a method for synthesizing electrodes of radioisotope power sources based on carbon materials doped with the Sr-90 radioisotope. Objects. Carbon material doped with a radioisotope simulant Sr-90 (Sr stable). Carbon matrices were obtained by carbonizing a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin doped with a stable strontium salt. Methods. Scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature adsorption-desorption of nitrogen, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, impedance microscopy. Results. A carbon matrix doped with a stable strontium isotope was synthesized by the method of semi-carbonization followed by physical activation with carbon dioxide. The structure, porosity and electrochemical characteristics of the material were studied. It was established that physical activation has a positive effect on the development of the specific surface area and mesoporosity of the samples of the synthesized matrix, as a result of which its electrochemical characteristics are improved. The method of physical activation is proposed as the most preferable for the synthesis of a carbon matrix doped with strontium isotopes for use as electrodes of radioisotope power supplies.
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Zingade, Dr Anand P., Dr Manish Kumar, Dr Rohit S. Shool, and Dr Ajit G. Jadhav. "Role of Radioisotope Scanning (DMSA and DTPA) in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Urology Cases." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/143.
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Brown, Orval E. "Radioisotope Scanning of the Thyroid Gland Prior to TGD Cyst Excision." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 124, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.124.5.600.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioisotope scanning"
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Ye, Jinghan. "Quantitative TC-99M myocardial perfusion spect with 180° acquisition." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17510.
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Liang, Qixue. "Development and optimization of W-188/Re-188 and Mo-99/Tc-99m gel radioisotope generators /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841211.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996."m in ⁹⁹mTc on short title page is supercript." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-136). Also available on the Internet.
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Valenzano, Michael Peter. "Neutron measurements in the vicinity of a self-shielded PET cyclotron." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17574.
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Howard, Sheridan. "A preliminary investigation into the estimation of time since death from human skeletal remains by radioisotope and trace element analysis." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0204.
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One of the first concerns for forensic anthropologists in dealing with skeletal remains in the Australian context is the determination of whether the remains are of anthropological, historical or archaeological interest. If fewer than 75 years have elapsed since death, remains are classified as anthropological and of forensic interest. However, an accurate and reliable method for estimating time since death (TSD) from human skeletal remains has thus far eluded forensic anthropologists. This study investigates the application in an Australian context of a novel approach proposed by Swift (2001) to dating skeletal remains from their contained levels of radioisotopes 210Po, 238U and 226Ra and trace elements. Radionuclide activity concentrations were determined using alpha and gamma spectrometry. Trace element concentrations were measured on three separate occasions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Discriminant analysis of the combination of activity concentration values for 210Po, 238U and 226Ra indicated the possibility of separation of bones derived from individuals who had died in the three eras of interest. Additionally, variations in the concentration levels of specific trace elements and certain inter-element relationships between elements also showed significant correlations with TSD. The study could not be exhaustive as access to human skeletal material was limited and additionally, the archaeological material had a different origin and post-death history to material from the more recent past. However, trend lines for inter-relationships between specific metals and for radionuclides indicated that all material fitted the same generally projected trends and as such, inferences with respect to variations of trace elements and radionuclides could be made with confidence. Bone radionuclide activity and calcium concentrations were all significantly higher in bones from the archaeological era than those from more recent eras, while trace lead concentrations contained in samples from the more recent historical era were significantly higher than those from other eras. Barium, lanthanum, rubidium, strontium, cerium and neodymium concentrations were all significantly correlated with one another and with radionuclide activity concentrations. Differences were found between the patterns of radionuclide activity and trace element concentrations between the skull and femur. The results of this study lend support to suggestions that multivariate analysis of trace element concentrations and radionuclide activity levels could aid in the estimation of time since death from skeletal remains in Australia. Although this study made use of only a limited amount of material, results clearly indicated the need to take into account variations arising from lifetime activities, diagenesis and bone type in applying the techniques to estimations of time since death. It highlights the need for a large-scale study using bone of known ages that systematically examines these influences on the estimation of time since death.
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Wong, Effie. "Imaging tumour and apoptosis with novel radiopharmaceuticals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28100.
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The focus of the project has two aspects associated with tumour imaging.
The primary and major focus of my thesis was to assess the potential of a
radiolabelled agent, 99mTc-Hynic-Annexin V, for the in vivo imaging of apoptosis
after chemotherapy and radiotherapy in nude mice bearing thymoma tumours. The
second aspect of the thesis examines the potential of a glucose analog, 99mTclabelled
2-deoxyglucosamine (99mTc—ECDG), to detect tumours based on the
increased glucose metabolism of tumours in an attempt to evaluate if it can
substitute the PET agent, 18F— labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (lgF-FDG) for tumour
detection.
Apoptosis is a process whereby damaged cells undergo programmed cell
death during which phosphatidylserine (PS) becomes extemalised. Annexin V is
shown to have a high affinity for PS and has been demonstrated to bind in
apoptotic cells. When radiolabelled, Annexin V acts as an imaging probe to detect
apoptosis. Available literature revealed many modalities available for apoptosis
detection but most are associated with many pitfalls. However, only nuclear
medicine imaging is able to provide a non-invasive tool for the early assessment
of apoptosis. Furthermore, 99mTc-Hynic-Annexin V has been the best
characterised probe for detecting apoptosis to date. Several studies have reported
good correlation of this agent with therapy-induced apoptosis. However none have
reported on the comparisons of two modes of cancer treatment (chemotherapy and
radiotherapy) in a thymoma mouse model.
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Ambayi, Rudo. "The effect of reconstruction algorithms (iterative versus filtered backprojection) on the diagnosis of single pulmonary nodules using Thallium-201 and Technetium-99m MIBI SPECT." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50144.
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Thesis (MScMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.Copy not signed by author.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study involved 33 patients, 19 men and 14 women. The age range was wide (20-90 years) and median age was 57 years. These patients had a single pulmonary nodule (SPN) defined radiologically as a well defined, round or oval intrapulmonary lung lesion not associated with atelectasis or adenopathy on chest radiography or computed tomography. Patients were investigated with Tc-99m MIBI and TI-201 (25 patients) and with Tc-99m MIBI alone (8 patients). Single photon emission computed tomography images were reconstructed using both iterative reconstruction (Ordered Subsets - Expectation Maximisation: aSEM) and filtered backprojection (FBP), on the Hermes system. Transverse, coronal and sagittal slices were displayed on the screen using a grey scale. The aSEM and FBP images for each study were co-registered semi-automatically using the multimodality programme on the Hermes. The best slice for the lesion was chosen according to the best view used to locate the SPN on chest radiograph. Regions of interest (Ral) were drawn manually outside the outer margin of the detected lesion, first on the aSEM image. This was automatically mirrored on the co-registered FBP image. For most patients, the background was automatically mirrored horizontally on the contralateral side, again, first on the OSEM then automatically on the FBP image. Automatic vertical mirroring or manual horizontal mirroring was used when background was found to be in a visually 'hot' area like the heart or vertebrae. The average counts and standard deviation of the Ral and background were generated automatically. Semi-quantitative image analysis was done by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tumour-to-background (TIB) ratio using the following formulae: SNR = Mean counts ROI(lesion) - Mean counts background Standard deviation background TIB rati.o = -M---e-a-n-'--c-o--u-n-'t-s- ROI(lesion) Mean counts background Detection was found to be the same for the two reconstruction algorithms, that is, every lesion detected by using OSEM could also be detected by using FBP. However lesion detection did differ between Tl-201 and Tc-99m-MIBI. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for different thresholds of SNR and TIB ratios. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn to represent the different sensitivities and specificities at each threshold. Tuberculosis (TB) was not included in this analysis as uptake of Tl-20l was found to be significantly high and comparable to that of malignant nodules. However the effect of OSEM and FBP on the 'positive' TB nodules was assessed separately. By calculating the area under the ROC curves, TI-201 using OSEM was shown to be more accurate at differentiating malignant nodules from benign ones than FBP. Although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1 0), there was a clear tendency. The two reconstruction algorithms were found to be almost equally accurate, when using Tc-99m-MIBI, the difference between them being considerably insignificant. In conclusion, it was shown that there is a tendency that OSEM outperforms FBP for studies using Tl-201 but not for Tc-99m-MIBI.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie sluit 33 pasiënte in, 19 mans en 14 vroue. Die ouderdomme wissel tussen 20 en 90 jaar met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 57 jaar. Elkeen van die pasiënte het 'n enkel longnodule (SPN) op borskas X-straal en/of rekenaar tomografie getoon, wat radiologies gedefinieer word as 'n goed omskrewe, ronde of ovaal intrapulmonale longletsel wat nie met atelektase of adenopatie geassosieer is nie. Pasiënte is met Tc-99m MIDI en TI-201 (25 pasiënte) of slegs met Tc-99m MIBI (8 pasiënte) ondersoek. Enkelfoton emissie rekenaar tomografiese (EFERT) beelde is met beide iteratiewe rekonstruksie (Ordered Subsets - Expectation Maximisation: OSEM) en gefilterde terugprojeksie (FBP) met die Hermes sisteem gerekonstrueer. Transvers, koronale en sagittale snitte is in grysskaal op die sisteem vertoon. Die OSEM en FBP beelde vir elke studie is semi-outomaties gekoregistreer met behulp van die multimodaliteitsprogram op die Hermes. Die optimale snit vir elke letsel is gekies volgens die beste aansig op die borskas X-straalom die SPN te lokaliseer. Gebiede van belang (ROl) is met die hand buite-om die buitenste rand van die letsel getrek op die OSEM beeld en daarna outomaties in die ooreenstemmende area op die gekoregistreerde FPB beeld geplaas. Vir die meeste pasiënte is die agtergrond outomaties as horisontale spieëlbeeld op die kontralaterale kant geplaas, eers op die OSEM en dan outomaties op die FBP beeld. 'n Outomatiese vertikale spieëlbeeld of manuele horisontale verskuiwing van die agtergrondsarea is gedoen indien die agtergrond oorvleuel het met 'n 'warm' area soos die hart of werwels. Die gemiddelde tellings en standaardafwyking van die ROl en agtergrond is outomaties gegenereer. Semi-kwantitatiewe beeldanalise is gedoen deur berekening van die sein-tot-agtergrond verhouding (signal-to-noise ratio - SNR) en tumor-tot-agtergrond (TIB) verhouding met behulp van die volgende formules: SNR = gemiddelde tellings ROI(letsel) - gemiddelde tellings agtergrond Standaard afwyking van agtergrond TIB rati.o = -g=em--id-d-e-l-d-e--te=ll-in-g-s__R:_O-I(-le-t-s'e-l) gemiddelde tellings agtergrond Opsporing is soortgelyk bevind vir die twee rekonstruksie algoritmes, dit wil sê elke letselopgespoor met behulp van OSEM kon ook met FBP opgespoor word. Letselwaameming het egter verskil tussen TI-201 en Tc-99m-MIBI. Sensitiwiteit en spesifisiteit is vir verskillende drempels van SNR en TIB verhoudings bereken. 'Receiver operating characteristics' (ROC) kurwes is getrek om die verskillende sensitiwiteite en spesifisiteite by elke drempel te verteenwoordig. Tuberkulose (TB) is nie in hierdie analise ingesluit nie aangesien opname van Tl-201 beduidend hoog en vergelykbaar met die van maligne nodules was. Die effek van OSEM en FBP op die 'positiewe' TB nodules is egter apart beoordeel. Deur berekening van die area onder die ROC kurwes, is getoon dat OSEM van Tl-201 tomografiese data meer akkuraat as FBP was om maligne van benigne nodules te onderskei. Alhoewel hierdie verskil nie statisties betekenisvol was nie (p=0.10), is daar wel 'n duidelike neiging gevind. Die twee rekonstruksie algoritmes was byna ewe akkuraat wanneer Tc-99m-MIBI gebruik is, met duidelik geen betekenisvolle verskil tussen die algoritmes nie. Gevo lgtrekking In hierdie studie is dit getoon dat daar 'n neiging is dat OSEM beter vaar as FBP vir studies met tallium-201 maar nie vir Tc-99m-MIBI nie.
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Rocha, Adriana Márcia Guimarães. "Estudo do campo de radiação neutrônica em torno do cíclotron GE PETtrace-8 de 16,5 MeV do CDTN." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2012. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=261.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisOs radionuclídeos utilizados na tomografia por emissão de posítrons (PET) são produzidos utilizando um acelerador cíclotron. Os nêutrons produzidos durante a operação do cíclotron contribuem para exposição direta ou indireta dos Indivíduos Ocupacionalmente Expostos (IOEs), devido ao aumento da radiação de fundo da casamata. Além disso, há um aumento nas emissões de gases radioativos provenientes da ativação dos elementos do ar dentro da casamata, que quando liberados constitui um problema para radioproteção dos indivíduos do público. Dos vários métodos utilizados para caracterizar o espectro neutrônico, o espectrômetro de multiesferas de Bonner (EB) é um dos sistemas espectrométricos mais utilizados. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o sistema EB com detectores termoluminescentes (TL), do tipo TLD600 e TLD700 como detector de nêutrons, para medir os espectros de energia de nêutrons em quatro pontos no interior da casamata do cíclotron GE PETtrace-8 do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN). Foram realizadas medidas em quatro pontos em torno do cíclotron. Os espectros de nêutrons foram desdobrados utilizando os códigos BUMS, NSDUAZ e BUNKIUT e os resultados convertidos em equivalente de dose ambiente H*(10). Considerando o termo fonte de radiação fornecido pelo fabricante do cíclotron, pôde-se constatar a grande influência dos nêutrons de recuo nos espectros de energia encontrados em todos os pontos. Houve uma boa concordância nos espectros de nêutrons obtidos, utilizando os códigos BUNKIUT (com espectros iniciais retangular e Maxwelliano) e NSDUAZ. Os valores de taxa de fluência encontrados no presente trabalho foram da mesma magnitude dos valores reportados na literatura e são coerentes com os obtidos por cálculos téóricos utilizando o termo fonte de radiação disponibilizado pelo fabricante. Com relação aos valores de equivalente de dose ambiente, as taxas horárias por A (microampère) variaram de aproximadamente 67 mSv/h a 936 mSv/h . Para uma corrente típica de 40 A, esses valores são próximos de 2,7 Sv/h a 37 Sv/h, valores da mesma ordem dos reportados na literatura. A metodologia empregada para a caracterização do campo de radiação em torno do cíclotron do CDTN mostrou-se adequada e pode ser utilizada em mais pontos da casamata, de maneira a descrever melhor o espectro e, consequentemente, estimar o equivalente de dose ambiente.
The radionuclides used in positron emission tomography (PET) are generally produced using a cyclotron accelerator. The operation of the cyclotron produces an undesirable neutron radiation field. The knowledge of the neutron radiation field around not-self-shielded PET cyclotrons is an important issue for optimization of radiation protection of the workers and individuals of the public. For the workers, neutrons contribute not only for immediate radiation exposure as for long-term exposure due to activation of cyclotron components and the concrete in the bunker walls. For the individuals of the public the main concern is the dispersal of radioactive gases produced by activation of the air inside the cyclotron vault. The multisphere system, or Bonner sphere spectrometer (BSS), has been widely used to measure neutron spectrum. The substitution of the active detectors of the BSS system by thermoluminescent detectors (specifically TLD-600 and TLD-700 pairs) has become a reliable procedure in spectrometry of high intensity mixed radiation field. In this study we utilized the BSS system with TLD600 and TLD700 to measure the energy spectra of neutrons at four points inside the bunker of the cyclotron GE PETtrace-8 of the Development Centre of Nuclear Technology (CDTN). Four points inside the bunker of the cyclotron were studied. The neutron spectra were unfolded using codes BUMS, NSDUAZ e BUNKIUT and the results converted to ambient dose equivalent H*(10). Considering the source-term of radiation provided by the manufacturer of the cyclotron, we could see the great influence of room return effect in energy spectra at all points. The values of total fluence rates for all points have the same magnitudes of values reported in the literature and are consistent with those obtained by theoretical calculations using the source-term of radiation provided by the manufacturer of the cyclotron. The ambient equivalent dose rates for 1 A ranged from about 67 mSv/h to 936 mSv/h. For a typical 40 A typical current these values were 2.7 Sv/h and 37 Sv/h. These values are of the same order than the reported in the literature. The methodology utilized in this study to characterize the neutron radiation field around the CDTN cyclotron proved to be adequate and can be used in more points inside the bunker in order to better describe the spectrum and thereby estimate the ambient dose equivalent.
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LIMA, JOSE R. de. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de um dispositivo automático de controle e alimentação de tubos de titânio e fios de prata para a produção de sementes de Iodo - 125." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26944.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-22T13:06:17Z
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No Brasil, o câncer de próstata é um dos tipos de câncer que mais afeta a população masculina, sendo o segundo mais incidente, ficando atrás apenas do câncer de pele não melanoma que é o mais ocorrente na população. Existem vários procedimentos para o tratamento do câncer de próstata, dentre eles temos a braquiterapia com sementes de Iodo- 125, este método é realizado inserindo sementes com Iodo radioativo na próstata do paciente. As sementes são constituídas de uma capsula de titânio medindo 0,8 mm de diâmetro por 4,5 mm de comprimento com um fio de prata medindo 0,5 mm de diâmetro por 3,0 mm de comprimento, adsorvido com Iodo-125, que é selado por meio de solda laser. As tecnologias usadas nos processos de produção de sementes de Iodo-125 são protegidas por patentes e a obtenção dos direitos de produção apresenta um custo elevado, inviabilizando a sua produção por esses processos devidos aos custos. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver o projeto de um dispositivo para a contagem dos tubos de titânio e dos fios de prata usados na confecção das sementes de Iodo-125, este objetivo foi atingido estabelecendo uma metodologia para o posicionamento dos fios de prata e sua condução para o processo de contagem. Para tanto, foi projetado, construído e utilizado um novo dispositivo que se encontra hoje totalmente operacional. Foram utilizados motores de passo e sensores óticos para auxiliar no processo de automação do conjunto.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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ALCARDE, LAIS F. "Estudo de radiomarcação com gálio-68 do inibidor de PSMA baseado em ureia - avaliação comparativa de método automatizado e não automatizado." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26945.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-22T16:27:41Z
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Os métodos para o diagnóstico clínico de câncer de próstata incluem o toque retal e a dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA). Entretanto, o nível de PSA encontra-se elevado em cerca de 20 a 30% dos casos relacionados a patologias benignas, o que resulta em falsos positivos e leva os pacientes a realização de biópsias desnecessárias. O antígeno de membrana prostático específico (PSMA), ao contrário, é sobre expresso no câncer de próstata e encontrado em baixos níveis em órgãos saudáveis. Em razão disso, estimulou-se o desenvolvimento de pequenas moléculas inibidoras do receptor de PSMA, que carreguem agentes de imagem ao tumor e que não sejam prejudicadas pela microvasculatura deste. Estudos recentes sugerem que o quelante HBED-CC contribui intrinsicamente para a ligação do peptídeo inibidor de PSMA baseado em ureia (Glu-ureia-Lys) ao grupo farmacofórico. Este trabalho descreve os estudos de otimização das condições de radiomarcação do PSMA-HBED-CC com 68Ga, utilizando sistema automatizado (módulo de síntese) e método não automatizado, buscando estabelecer uma condição adequada de preparação deste novo radiofármaco, com ênfase no rendimento da marcação e na pureza radioquímica do produto. Também objetivou avaliar a estabilidade do peptídeo radiomarcado em condições de transporte e estudar a distribuição biológica do radiofármaco em camundongos sadios. O estudo dos parâmetros de radiomarcação possibilitou definir um método não automatizado que resultou em alta pureza radioquímica (> 95%), sem a necessidade de purificação do radiomarcado. Já o método de marcação automatizado foi adaptado para utilizar módulo de síntese e software já disponíveis no IPEN, e também resultou em rendimento de síntese elevado (≥ 90%) e superior aos descritos em literatura, com a vantagem associada de maior controle do processo produtivo em atendimento aos requisitos de Boas Práticas de Fabricação. O estudo dos parâmetros de radiomarcação permitiu a obtenção do PSMA-HBED-CC-68Ga com atividade específica superior à utilizada em estudos clínicos publicados (≥ 140,0 GBq/μmol), com estabilidade suficientemente longa, que permitirá o transporte às clínicas para aplicação na obtenção de imagens diagnósticas. Os perfis de biodistribuição e farmacocinético do peptídeo radiomarcado foram compatíveis com os encontrados na literatura. Conclui-se que o PSMA-HBED-CC-68Ga, é uma importante ferramenta de diagnóstico do câncer de próstata por imagem PET, pode ser produzido tanto por método automatizado ou não automatizado, com alta pureza radioquímica, alto rendimento de síntese e estabilidade do radiofármaco.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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ZULLI, GISLAINE. "Desenvolvimento de uma matríz polimérica para incorporação e liberação controlada de papaina." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11500.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Books on the topic "Radioisotope scanning"
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Jackson, Peter C. Radionuclide imaging in medicine: Theory and practice. London: Farrand, 1986.
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International Symposium on Applications of Dynamic Functional Studies in Nuclear Medicine in Developing Countries (1988 Vienna, Austria). Dynamic functional studies in nuclear medicine in developing countries: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Applications of Dynamic Functional Studies in Nuclear Medicine in Developing Countries. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1989.
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Hodge, Jacqueline Celeste. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in the left bundle branch block patient: The importance of left ventricular size. [New Haven: s.n.], 1986.
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1940-, De Rossi Giuseppe, ed. Radioisotope study of salivary glands. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1987.
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C, Murray I. Provan, and Ell Peter Josef, eds. Nuclear medicine in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1994.
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Flanagan, JamesJ. An atlas of normal skeletal scintigraphy. London: Wolfe Medical, 1985.
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J, Biersack H., and Cox Peter H, eds. Radioisotope studies in cardiology. Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1985.
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H, Thrall James, and Swanson Dennis P, eds. Diagnostic interventions in nuclear medicine. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1985.
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1948-, Fogelman Ignac, ed. Bone scanning in clinical practice. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
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P, Alazraki Naomi, and Mishkin Fred S. 1937-, eds. Fundamentals of nuclear medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radioisotope scanning"
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Komal, Sana, Sana Nadeem, Zahra Faheem, Arouma Raza, Komal Sarwer, Hijab Umer, Samina Roohi, and Syed Ali Raza Naqvi. "Localization Mechanisms of Radiopharmaceuticals." In Medical Isotopes. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94099.
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Scintigraphic techniques have opened a new era of developments in the localization of infectious and cancerous foci. Diseases area targeting mechanisms of radiopharmaceuticals encompasses visualization, characterization, and measurement of physiological and biological functioning at targeted sites in addition to measure the area and density of the disease. The accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical at specific organ is based upon numerous processes such as enzymatic interactions, receptor binding site, transport of chemical species and elimination of damaged cells from circulation by a normal metabolic process. PET and SPECT are developing scanning techniques that provides effective diagnostic tool to identify pathophysiology of diseased cells. In this chapter, we are exploring and explaining different mechanisms of radiopharmaceutical localization for imaging and therapeutic processes. The knowledge of these mechanisms will help to develop target based new radiopharmaceuticals using variety of medically used radioisotopes either for imaging or therapy of diseased cells.
Conference papers on the topic "Radioisotope scanning"
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Inanc, Feyzi, Allan Jones, Peng Yuan, Toyli Anniyev, Johan Kverneland, and Pierre Chuilon. "Technical Feasibility of a Through Tubing Circumferential Zonal Isolation Gamma Scanner for Plug and Abandonment Implementations." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211538-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents a feasibility study of a novel nuclear sensor design toward finding volumetric flaws in cement behind two or more tubulars in a wellbore. The sensor concept targets plug and abandonment activities and the presented results include experimental test setups built for the purpose, results of simulations and experiments conducted for determining the range of applicability. The measurement is based on a gamma-gamma measurement concept that incorporates a rotating interrogating beam illuminating the wellbore for an azimuthal scan while the tool is in motion in the borehole. The radiation source is a conventional Cs-137 radioisotope emitting 662 keV gamma rays that can penetrate through two metallic tubulars to reach the cement. The detector is a gamma detector that is collimated to accept gamma rays from the volume illuminated with the gamma rays and centrally positioned in the tool body. The detector collimator rotates in synchronization with the rotating interrogating beam providing an azimuthal scanning capability. The feasibility of the concept was initially tested through simulations that provided encouraging results for detection of volumetric flaws in the cement between the outer casing and the formation. This was followed by experiments that were conducted using synthetic test formations embedded with various volumetric cement flaws. The rock sizes were representative of infinite rocks encountered in typical logging runs. The experimental setup provided not only different flaw sizes but also different tubing positions inside the casing annulus. A generic gamma-gamma tool was run vertically in the synthetic rocks without a tubing and with a tubing in place. The vertical runs were repeated around the borehole and images were formed. Another mode of experiment was conducted by rotating the tool around its axis. The motivation behind this was to study the azimuthal response of the gamma-gamma scanner in an eccentered position. The results from the experiments were in line with the simulation results confirming that it is possible to detect volumetric flaws in the cement between the outer casing and the formation. This paper demonstrates a method for detecting cement flaws that is pivotal in plug and abandonment activities. Different measurement techniques are usually sensitive to different flaw morphologies. While nuclear methods cannot detect micro-channeling, they can be very efficient in detecting volumetric flaws in cement. In contrast, such flaws cannot be efficiently detected by other measurement techniques. The results presented here show how a gamma-gamma measurement can be used to detect and characterize volumetric cement flaws that can be encountered in multi-annular completions.
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Quanhu, Zhang, Li Sufen, Hou Suxia, Zhang Lin, and Zuo Wenming. "A Prototype of Tomographic Gamma Scanner." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67372.
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Tomographic gamma scanning (TGS) method is one of the most advanced non-destructive assay (NDA) methods. TGS method can determine quantitatively with high accuracy transuranic nuclides in heterogeneously distributed media with medium- and high-density, and is thus widely used to assay the location and quantity of selected radioisotopes in scraps and wastes within sealed containers. In this paper, a prototype of tomographic gamma scanner which we designed is introduced. The TGS system is composed with four parts: external source with front collimator, radioactive material drum turning table, HPGe γ detector assembly including back collimator and cooling system, and computer. Successful implementation of the work has broken through the difficult problems or restraints to the development and applications of TGS, it will be applied widely to the non-destructive assay of nuclear materials within sealed container in the nuclear safeguards, radwaste measurement and arms control fields.
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Bravo, Maria Cecilia, Yon Blanco, Mauro Firinu, Tosi Gianbattista, Eriksen Martin, Brondbo Erik, Scott Paul, Jules El-Khoury, Mathias Horstmann, and Shahid Haq. "Reservoir Fluid Mapping While Drilling: Untapping the Barents Sea." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201019-ms.
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Abstract In complex and sensitive environments such as the northern Barents Sea, operations face multiple challenges, both technically and logistically. The use of logging while drilling (LWD) technology mitigates risks and assures acquisition of formation evaluation data in a complex trajectory. All data gathering was performed in LWD and provided the kernel for interpretation; alternate scenarios utilizing pipe conveyed wireline elevated risk factors as well as higher overall costs. Novel technology was required for this data acquisition, including fluid mapping while drilling (FMWD) that allows fluid identification with the use of downhole fluid analysis (DFA) using optical spectrometry as well as the retrieval of downhole fluid samples and a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool delivering key data for the petrophysical evaluation. This paper presents a case study of the first application of a combination of FMWD and a petrophysical LWD toolstring in the Barents Sea. An excellent contribution to the operator of the PL229 that have pushed the boundaries of the formation sampling while drilling and set the basis to challenge the potentiality of this technique and improve the knowledge of the methodology that are the ultimate goals of this paper. Methods, procedures, process Hydrocarbon exploration, production, and transport in the Barents Sea are challenging. The shallow and complex reservoirs are at low temperature and pressure, potentially with gas caps. The Goliat field is the first offshore oil development in this environment, producing from two reservoirs: Realgrunnen and Kobbe. As part of the Goliat field infill drilling campaign with the aim of adding reserves and increase production, PL229 license operator drilled a highly deviated pilot hole to confirm hydrocarbons contacts in the undrained Snadd formation, which lie between two producing reservoirs. A successful data acquisition would not only provide information on the structure of the reservoir but would also assess the insitu movable fluid: type of hydrocarbon or water. FMWD allowed insitu fluid identification with the use of DFA, enabling RT evaluation of hydrocarbon composition as well as the filtrate contamination prior to filling the sampling bottles for further laboratory analysis. All data was acquired while drilling and using a comprehensive real-time visualization interface. Results, observation, conclusion Extensive prejob planning was conducted to optimize the operation. Dynamic fluid invasion simulations were used to estimate the required cleanup times to reach low contaminations. Simulations showed there was significant advantage in cleanup times when sampling soon after drilling. Honoring the natural environment, a unique sourceless multifunction LWD tool was used to acquire data for petrophysical evaluation-GR, resistivity, radioisotope-free density and neutron porosity, elemental capture spectroscopy, and sigma. Fluid mapping in a single run was key to efficiently resolve the insitu fluid type and composition. Critical hydrocarbon samples were collected soon after the formation was drilled to minimize mud filtrate invasion and reduce cleanup times. Multiple pressure measurements were acquired and six downhole fluid samples at low contamination (∼3% confirmed by laboratory) collected at several stations in variable mobilities. One scanning station was done at a zone were a physical sample was not required to confirm absence of gas cap. The DFA capabilities and ability to assess composition and control the fluid cleanup from surface allowed critical decisions to complete the acquisition program in this remote complex environment, all while drilling. In conclusion, FMWD results facilitated the placement decisions of the horizontal drain in this reservoir. This green BHA is unique in the LWD world. It eliminates radioactive source-handling and all related environmental risks to provide a comprehensive reservoir characterization. FMWD contributes formation pressure and fluid characterization and enables the physical capture of fluid samples in a single run. The combination of these two technologies completed the formation and fluid evaluation needs in this remote and environmentally sensitive area while drilling.
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Clark, P. A., D. F. Parvin, C. Y. Powrie, C. H. Orr, G. Mottershead, and A. Forbes. "Gamma Spectrometry Systems for the Assay of Uranium Residues and Potentially Contaminated Low Level Wastes at the Capenhurst Site." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4690.
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BNFL has produced and operates a wide range of DrumScan® gamma measurement systems for monitoring packages, drums and boxed wastes arising from nuclear power plant reprocessing, fuel fabrication and decommissioning operations. The challenges associated with decommissioning operations are met by employing a range of technologies predominantly High Resolution and Low Resolution spectrometry (HRGS & LRGS). This paper describes how BNFL Instruments’ LRGS and HRGS DrumScan® gamma measurement systems have been used for the assay of uranium resides and potentially contaminated low level wastes by Capenhurst Integrated Decommissioning Project (IDP) in the UK. A description of the two Capenhurst segmented HRGS systems is included. Whilst Segmented Gamma Scanning is a well established technique for the non-destructive assay of gamma emitting radioisotopes in drummed waste, these systems utlise unique features to address the specific measurement requirements. The first system is configured for the accurate measurement of both small sized containers of uranium residues arising from recovery operations and low level wastes potentially contaminated with uranium contained in 200 litre drums. To achieve a high level of accuracy, this system uses a novel mechanical arrangement to overcome the wide variety of container sizes, and the unique “TransWeight” and “Transmission” matrix correction techniques which provide significant improvements over conventional Segmented Gamma Scanner matrix correction techniques. The second system is configured for Nuclear Safety purposes to provide an upper limit of the 235U present in 200 litre drums of potentially contaminated waste prior to the opening of the drums for sorting and uranium recovery operations. This system is configured to report an appropriately pessimistic upper estimate of the 235U present. A brief description of the LRGS systems used by Capenhurst is also provided. These systems have served to quantify the 235U content within a variety of potentially contaminated waste items ranging from 200 litre drums to 1m3 boxed waste.