Journal articles on the topic 'Radiography'
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Kumar, K. V. Arun, V. R. Raghul, E. Pradeep, Haemanath Pandian, Aswin Vijay, and Mohideen Sheik. "Single Stance Radiography of the Knee Joint – A Novel Approach to Assess the Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 5 (2024): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4476.
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Introduction: Conventional radiography has always been cited as the gold standard for assessing the structural changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The purpose of the study was to compare the joint space width between both leg-standing and one-leg-standing radiographs in an assessment of the severity of OA of the knee. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with medial compartment OA were deployed for the study. Patients underwent both leg standing radiographs and one-leg standing radiograph on the affected leg. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification was used to assess the severity of OA using joint space width. Conclusion: The mean medial joint space width decreased from 3.26 mm in both legs of the standing radiograph to 1.98 mm in the one-leg standing radiograph. Patients on both leg standing radiographs appreciated an increase in grade during the single leg radiograph. Nearly 52% of patients with both leg standing radiographs have changed the KL grading to a more severe grade when undergone a single leg standing radiograph. One-leg standing radiograph was found to be a better representation of joint space width than both-leg standing radiographs. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, imaging, one-leg standing radiography, both leg standing radiography.
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Ekayultania, Vivin Nadine, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Panoramic and periapical radiographs utilization in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): narrative review." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i3.714.
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Objectives: The purpose of this narrative review is to discover radiographic images in panoramic and periapical radiographs that are used as identifiers and to compare the use of panoramic and periapical radiographs in identification based on DVI.
Review: The databases used in this narrative review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1258 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic, then results are selected again based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 38 literatures were reviewed. This review shows radiographic identifiers used in panoramic radiographs are tooth restorations, crown, Root Canal Treatment (RCT), dental bridge, dental implants, maxillary sinus, rectilinear metal plate, orthodontic brackets, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. The radiographic identifiers used in periapical radiograph are tooth restorations, PSA, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. In this review, 53.8% of the literatures used panoramic radiograph for identification, whereas 46.2% used periapical radiograph.
Conclusion: This review concluded that the most used radiographic identifier in panoramic radiograph is tooth restoration (57,1%) whereas in periapical radiograph is RCT (83,3%). Panoramic radiography were used in 53,8% of the literatures in this review, it was used more than periapical radiography.
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Peng, Cheng, Haofu Liao, Gina Wong, Jiebo Luo, S. Kevin Zhou, and Rama Chellappa. "XraySyn: Realistic View Synthesis From a Single Radiograph Through CT Priors." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16120.
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A radiograph visualizes the internal anatomy of a patient through the use of X-ray, which projects 3D information onto a 2D plane. Hence, radiograph analysis naturally requires physicians to relate their prior knowledge about 3D human anatomy to 2D radiographs. Synthesizing novel radiographic views in a small range can assist physicians in interpreting anatomy more reliably; however, radiograph view synthesis is heavily ill-posed, lacking in paired data, and lacking in differentiable operations to leverage learning-based approaches. To address these problems, we use Computed Tomography (CT) for radiograph simulation and design a differentiable projection algorithm, which enables us to achieve geometrically consistent transformations between the radiography and CT domains. Our method, XraySyn, can synthesize novel views on real radiographs through a combination of realistic simulation and finetuning on real radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on radiograph view synthesis. We show that by gaining an understanding of radiography in 3D space, our method can be applied to radiograph bone extraction and suppression without requiring groundtruth bone labels.
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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.
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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.
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Arslan, Zeynep Betül, Hilal Demir, Dila Berker Yıldız, and Füsun Yaşar. "Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography and ultrasonography in detecting periapical lesions using periapical radiography as a gold standard." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 20190290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190290.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of imaging techniques in diagnosing periapical lesions. Methods: Imaging records of 80 patients (51 females, 29 males, aged between 14 and 75 years) including periapical and panoramic radiographs and ultrasonographic images were selected from databases of Selcuk University Dentistry Faculty. Periapical radiographs were accepted as gold-standard and 160 anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth with or without periapical lesion were included to the study. Three specialist observers (dental radiologists) evaluated the presence and appearance of periapical lesions on panoramic radiograph and ultrasonographic images. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic value of panoramic radiographs and ultrasonography were determined. Results: Sensitivity was 0.80 and 0.77 for ultrasonographic images and panoramic radiographs, respectively which shows that periapical lesion was correctly detected in 80% of the cases with ultrasound and in 77% of the cases with panoramic radiography. Specificity values were determined as 0.97 for ultrasound and 0.95 for panoramic radiography. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.86 and 0.84 for ultrasound and panoramic radiography, respectively. Conclusions: Periapical and panoramic radiographs are commonly used to visualize periapical lesions. Besides, ultrasonography is an alternative method to digital radiographic techniques in the diagnosis of anterior teeth with periapical lesions.
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Mattoon, J. S. "Digital radiography." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632988.
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SummaryDigital radiography has been used in human medical imaging since the 1980's with recent and rapid acceptance into the veterinary profession. Using advanced image capture and computer technology, radiographic images are viewed on a computer monitor. This is advantageous because radiographic images can be adjusted using dedicated computer software to maximize diagnostic image quality. Digital images can be accessed at computer workstations throughout the hospital, instantly retrieved from computer archives, and transmitted via the internet for consultation or case referral. Digital radiographic data can also be incorporated into a hospital information system, making record keeping an entirely paperless process. Digital image acquisition is faster when compared to conventional screen-film radiography, improving workflow and patient throughput. Digital radiography greatly reduces the need for “retake” radiographs because of wide latitude in exposure factors. Also eliminated are costs associated with radiographic film and x-ray film development. Computed radiography, charged coupled devices, and flat panel detectors are types of digital radiography systems currently available.
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Abbeyquaye, D., S. Inkoom, N. B. Hammond, J. J. Fletcher, and B. O. Botwe. "PATIENT DOSE ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF PELVIC RADIOGRAPHY WITH COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY SYSTEMS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 195, no. 1 (June 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab111.
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Abstract Digital radiography systems can reduce radiation dose, this capability was harnessed to explore dose and image quality (IQ) optimisation strategies. Entrance surface dose (ESD), effective dose (ED) and organ doses were determined by the indirect method for patients undergoing pelvic anteroposterior X-ray examinations with computed radiography systems. The IQ of patients’ radiographs was assessed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An anthropomorphic phantom was exposed with varying tube potential (kVp), tube current-time product (mAs), and focus-to-detector distance (FDD) to determine phantom-entrance dose for the optimisation studies. SNR of each phantom radiograph was determined. Patients’ mean ESD of 2.38 ± 0.60 mGy, ED of 0.25 ± 0.07 mSv and SNR of 8.5 ± 2.2 were obtained. After optimisation, entrance dose was reduced by 29.2% with 5 cm increment in FDD, and 5 kVp reduction in tube potential. kVp and/or mAs reduction with an increment in FDD reduced entrance dose without adversely compromising radiographic-IQ.
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Khummoon, Piyanut, Sirilawan Tohnak, Chutamas Deepho, Saran Worasakwutiphong, and Supanya Naivikul. "Accuracy of Extraoral Bitewing Compared with Histopathology in Proximal Caries Detection of Primary Molar Teeth." Asian Health, Science and Technology Reports 32, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.69650/ahstr.2024.985.
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An accurate diagnosis of dental caries leads to a suitable treatment plan and prevents premature loss of primary teeth. Intraoral bitewing radiography helps caries determination but has limitations in pediatric patients with severe gag reflexes while the extraoral bitewing radiograph resolved the patients who refused to undergo intraoral radiographs. The research objective was to compare the accuracy of extraoral bitewing radiography and the gold standard histopathological examination for proximal caries detection in the primary molars. Twenty-four extracted primary molars with and without proximal caries were divided into three groups and arranged in the mimetic alveolar sockets of a 3D-printed skull and mandible. Two observers evaluated extraoral bitewing images separately twice at one-week intervals. The weighted kappa coefficients showed excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements between each session of the extraoral bitewing radiographic assessments. The Mann-Whitney U test showed no difference between the radiographic grading scores of extraoral bitewing images and the gold standard. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in cavitated carious lesions were higher than in non-cavitated carious lesions. In conclusion, extraoral bitewing is an alternative radiography for pediatric patients who are either uncooperative or intolerant to intraoral radiography.
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Shrestha, S., S. Maharhan, U. Khanal, and M. Humagain. "Evaluation of image quality in cervical spine lateral radiographs." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16652.
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In diagnostic radiography, cervical lateral spine x-ray is common radiographic examination among imaging of cervical spine. Thus, it is important to show entire anatomical structure, adequate penetration, soft tissue of neck and bony detail. This study attempts to quantify the quality of cervical spine radiographs by evaluating the quality of depiction of the anatomical and physical details. In this cross-sectional study, about 188 cases of cervical spine lateral radiographs were collected for study over the three months of period. Nine image criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, soft tissue visualization, C7/T1 junction, sharp bony detail, proper chin raise, artifact, density, patient rotation and collimation were followed and tabulated. Obtained data were analyzed using in SPSS v.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages, bar diagrams and graphs. Among 188 patients, about 23.4% cervical radiographs met all image criteria but remaining 76.6% did not meet these criteria due to no anatomical coverage (33.5%), no proper chin raise (46.3%), artifact (13.3%), patient rotation (50%) and no collimation (33.5%). It is difficult to perform good quality cervical radiograph according to European guidelines14. To a great extent the quality of cervical radiographs depends upon skill of radiographer, equipment condition (x-ray machine, CR reader) and co-operation of patients. This is always a challenge for radiographer and technologist.
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Sarifah, Norlaila, Fadhlil Ulum A. Rahman, Aga Satria Nurrachman, Azhari Azhari, and Lusi Epsilawati. "CONSIDERATIONS OF MULTI-IMAGING MODALITIES FOR DIAGNOSING OF SIALOLITHIASIS IN THE SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND: A CASE REPORT." Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dentino.v7i2.14615.
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Introduction: Sialolithiasis is a condition that occurs due to obstruction in the salivary gland or ductus excretory by calculus or sialolith. Sialolithiasis was the most common disease of salivary glands with a percentage of about 50%, and approximately 80-90% occurs in the submandibular gland. This paper analyzes the sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland being reviewed from the radiograph. Radiography screening becomes one of the most essential supporting examinations to help enforce the diagnosis and treatment plan to be conducted.Case : A 33-year-old patient was seen in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The chief complaint of swelling in the right side of his lower jaw was under the chin. Multi-imaging and radiography modalities screening were panoramic, occlusal, cervical, CT Scan, USG, and sialography. Case management : On radiographic examination, radiological suspicion was sialolithiasis with a well-defined and irregularly shaped radiopaque lesion in the lower right jaw area. Therefore, radiographic techniques with different modalities were performed to support each other in delivering accurate radiodiagnosis. Conclusion: The considerations of using appropriate multi-imaging and radiographic modalities are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of sialolithiasis in the submandibular salivary glands, especially in hard-recognized cases on plain radiographs. Keywords: Radiography, Sialolithiasis, Submandibular gland
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Okşayan, Rıdvan, Ali Murat Aktan, Oral Sökücü, Esin Haştar, and Mehmet Ertuğrul Ciftci. "Does the Panoramic Radiography Have the Power to Identify the Gonial Angle in Orthodontics?" Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/219708.
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Purpose. The objective of this study was to assess gonial angle under the angle classification by comparing panoramic radiograph and lateral cephalometric radiograph.Materials and Methods. 49 patients (25 males, 24 females) with an age range of 12–29 years participated in the present study. Subjects were retrospectively selected among those categorised as skeletal and dental Class I, II, and III malocclusion group. Using lateral cephalometric radiograph, mandibular and ramal planes were drawn and based on these planes. Gonial angle was determined from two tangents which were drawn from the inferior border of the mandible and posterior borders of the condyle and ramus of both sides in the panoramic radiographs. Multiple comparison tests (ANOVA) were used to determine differences between the three angle groups.Results. There were no significant differences between Class I, II, and III malocclusion group values of gonial angles determined by lateral cephalometric radiograph and panoramic radiographs ().Conclusion. Panoramic radiograph results were shown to be as reliable as lateral cephalometric radiograph in all angle classifications. Panoramic radiography can be used as an alternative radiographic technique to detect gonial angle in orthodontic patients.
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Byvank, T., D. D. Meyerhofer, P. A. Keiter, I. Sagert, D. A. Martinez, D. S. Montgomery, and E. N. Loomis. "Monte Carlo N-Particle forward modeling for density reconstruction of double shell capsule radiographs." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 123506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0119329.
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In the Double Shell Inertial Confinement Fusion concept, characterizing the shape asymmetry of imploding metal shells is vital for understanding energy-efficient compression and radiative losses of the thermonuclear fuel. The Monte Carlo N-Particle MCNP® code forward models radiography of Double Shell capsule implosions using the Advanced Radiographic Capability at the National Ignition Facility. A procedure is developed for using MCNP to reconstruct density profiles from the radiograph image intensity. For a given Double Shell imploding target geometry, MCNP radiographs predict image contrast, which can help guide experimental design. In future work, the calculated MCNP synthetic radiographs will be compared with experimental radiographs to determine the radial and azimuthal density profiles of the Double Shell capsules.
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Asriningrum, Surdiyah, Ismayanti Sudrajat, and Mely Meliawati. "Technical Error Factors On Panoramic Radiographic Examination At The Radiology Installation Of Unjani Dental and Mouth Hospital." International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 4, no. 4 (November 24, 2023): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v4i4.523.
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Panoramic is a three-dimensional curved zone where anatomical structures are well defined on panoramic radiography. Panoramic radiography includes a detailed anatomy of the jaw complex with some superimpositions and distortions that can be exacerbated by technical errors in image acquisition as well as many extra-jaw anatomical structures that are able to give clear description to interpretate. Therefore, in obtaining a panoramic radiograph it is necessary to obtain the desired structure with high quality and minimal distortion. Errors that often occur in producing good panoramic radiographs are technical errors or when positioning the patient and during the panoramic examination. The purpose of this study was to determine the main factors causing the errors so that technician can produce good quality radiographs, take into account patient placement at the time of examination, perform film processing, and handle general film procedures. The research method used was a quantitative method with a descriptive observational approach. The number of samples was 64 radiographs, which are adult patients over 18 years old with the use of exposure factors in the range of 60kV, 10mA and 16.4s. All radiographs were taken by qualified radiographers with more than 5 years of experience. The radiographs were viewed and observed without any modification on a computed radiography monitor screen. Radiographic results will be evaluated by experienced technician who have worked more than 5 years. Evaluation is obtained by analyzing the data descriptively in the form of assessment of the percentage of rejection of panoramic radiographs to make conclusions. Out of the 2418 panoramic radiographs viewed, 2354 (97%) radiographs had no errors while 64 (3%) radiographs showed one or more positioning error. The most common positioning error observed in the radiographs was failuer to position chin tipped high (56,02%). Whereas the least common error recorded were movement and apron shadow (1.15%).
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Yunus, Barunawaty, Muthia Mutmainnah Bachtiar, Astri Al-hutami Aziz, and Muhammad Iswanto Sabirin. "The application of intraoral radiography to assess the success of prosthodontic treatment." Makassar Dental Journal 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2021): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v10i3.450.
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Background: Intraoral radiography is a radiographic technique that is often used in dentistry. Almost all dental and oral care re-quires radiographic examination data to support optimal results. Intraoral periapical radiographs can be helpful and very import-ant in estimating the mesiodistal dimensions of the potential area for implant placement and for obtaining an initial estimate of the vertical dimension. Objective: to understand the use of intraoral radiography in prosthodontics. Conclusion: the use of in-traoral radiography has enormous benefits for rehabilitation treatment, especially in prosthodontics, be it the use of periapical, bitewing and occlusal techniques.
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Hayabuchi, N., W. J. Russell, and J. Murakami. "Problems in Radiographic Detection and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Acta Radiologica 30, no. 2 (March 1989): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000209.
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All chest radiographs of 107 proven lung cancer patients who received consecutive biennial chest radiography were reviewed to elucidate problems detecting their cancers, and diagnosing them when initially radiographically detected. Subjects, members of a fixed population sample, originally numbered 20000 persons, 17000 of whom consistently received consecutive biennial chest radiography during examinations for late effects of atomic-bomb radiation. Among the 107 subjects, 64 had radiographic manifestations of cancer; 47 were initially correctly diagnosed; 17 were not. Eleven of the 17 were initially equivocal, diagnosable only after subsequent radiography and retrospective review of serial radiographs. Diagnostic problems consisted of 1) six detection errors with cancer images superimposed on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular structures, reducible by stereoscopic p.a. instead of single p.a. radiography; immediate tentative interpretations; and by comparing earlier with current radiographs. 2) Eight decision errors, wherein cancers mimicked other diseases, were reducible by greater index of suspicion and scrutiny during interpretations.
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Verstraete, Frank J. Μ., Philip H. Kass, and Cheryl H. Terpak. "Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in cats." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.06.692.
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Abstract Objective To determine the diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in cats. Sample Population 115 cats referred for dental treatment without a previous full-mouth radiographic series available. Procedure In a prospective nested case-control analysis of multiple outcomes in a hospital cohort of cats referred for dental treatment, full-mouth radiography was done prior to oral examination and charting. After treatment, the clinical and radiographic findings were compared, with reference to presenting problems, main clinical findings, additional information obtained from radiography and unexpected radiographic findings. Importance of the radiographic findings in therapeutic decision making was assessed. Results The main clinical findings were radiographically confirmed in all cats. Odontoclastic resorption lesions, missed on clinical examination, were diagnosed in 8.7% of cats. Analysis of selected presenting problems and main clinical findings yielded significantly increased odds ratios for a variety of other conditions, either expected or unexpected. Radiographs of teeth without clinical lesions yielded incidental or clinically important findings in 4.8 and 41.7% of cats, respectively, and were considered of no clinical value in 53.6%. Radiographs of teeth with clinical lesions merely confirmed the findings in 13.9% of cats, but yielded additional or clinically essential information in 53.9 and 32.2%, respectively. Clinical Relevance The diagnostic yield of full-mouth radiography in new feline patients referred for dental treatment is high, and routine use of full-mouth radiography is justifiable. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:692-695)
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Prativi, Shinta Amini, Shanty Chairani, and Tyas Hestingsih. "Silicone loop alternative for posterior bitewing radiography." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i1.p35-38.
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Background: Bitewing radiography is a technique that depicts the crown of the maxillary and mandibular teeth and the crest of the alveolar bone in the same receptor. The use of film holders and paper loops in bitewing techniques is very helpful in standardising radiographs, but it has some disadvantages, including the lack of efficiency and discomfort. Therefore, silicone has been widely used in the medical field as a replacement for paper loops. Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the compatibility of the silicone material as an alternative for bitewing radiography. Methods: This research is experimental and a one-shot case study. It used the Mann–Whitney (P < 0.05) test for statistical analysis to compare the results of the radiographs using silicone loops and paper loops and to analyse the quality of each radiograph: object coverage, density, contrast, sharpness, geometry, and overlapping. Results: The images where silicone loops were used show adequate results in six radiograph quality assessments. There was no significant difference between the radiographs that were obtained using the silicon loop and the paper loop (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Silicone loops can be an alternative tool for bitewing radiography because they result in optimal image quality.
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Verstraete, Frank J. Μ., Philip H. Kass, and Cheryl H. Terpak. "Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in dogs." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.06.686.
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Abstract Objective To determine the diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in dogs. Sample Population Prospective series of 226 dogs referred for dental treatment without previous full-mouth radiographic views being available. Procedure In a prospective nested case-control analysis of multiple outcomes in a hospital cohort of dogs presented for dental treatment, full-mouth radiographic views were obtained prior to oral examination and charting. After treatment, clinical and radiographic findings were compared, with reference to presenting problems, main clinical findings, additional information obtained from the radiographs, and unexpected radiographic findings. The importance of the radiographic findings in therapeutic decision-making was assessed. Results The main clinical findings were radiographically confirmed in all dogs. Selected presenting problems and main clinical findings yielded significantly increased odds ratios for a variety of other conditions, either expected or unexpected. Radiographs of teeth without clinical lesions yielded incidental or clinically important findings in 41.7 and 27.8% of dogs, respectively, and were considered of no clinical value in 30.5%. Radiographs of teeth with clinical lesions merely confirmed the findings in 24.3% of dogs, yielded additional or clinically essential information in 50.0 and 22.6%, respectively, and were considered of no value in 3.1%. Older dogs derived more benefit from full-mouth radiography than did younger dogs. Incidental findings were more common in larger dogs. Clinical Relevance Diagnostic yield of full-mouth radiography in new canine patients referred for dental treatment is high, and the routine use of such radiographs is justifiable. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:686-691)
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Edwards, Ryland B., Norm G. Ducharme, Susan L. Fubini, Amy E. Yeager, and Francis A. Kallfelz. "Scintigraphy for diagnosis of avulsions of the origin of the suspensory ligament in horses: 51 cases (1980–1993)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1995.207.05.0608.
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Summary The medical records of 34 horses with a diagnosis of avulsion of the origin of the suspensory ligament that had been admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital between 1980 and 1993 were identified. In addition to clinical examination, 21 of 34 horses had scintigraphy and radiography performed during their examination. The usefulness of scintigraphy and radiography were assessed by comparing the initial findings reported in the medical record to those obtained in a retrospective review of the images. Thirty other horses with scintigraphic lesions of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone but with a confirmed diagnosis other than avulsion of the suspensory ligament served as controls for lesion specificity. Scintigraphy (bone phase, n=21) revealed increased uptake in all horses in both reviews. Only 14 of 21 (67%) horses radiographed, however, had at least 1 lesion during the initial radiographic evaluation that was reported to be suggestive of avulsion. When the radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, the radiologist identified 18 of 21 (86%) horses with lesions consistent with avulsion. The interpretation of scintigraphy appeared to be a more repeatable and sensitive diagnostic method than radiography. However, though scintigraphy was sensitive in identifying inflammation of the proximal aspect of the metacarpal/metatarsal region, no specific diagnosis of avulsion could be made without coincident radiography; the specificity of scintigraphy in diagnosing avulsion of the suspensory ligament was only 41% (21/51). Radiography of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal/tarsal bone was found to be falsely negative in 3 of 21 (14%) horses on retrospective evaluation and in 7 of 21 (33%) horses on initial evaluation, perhaps because radiographic signs of disease were subtle.
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Andrade, Júlia Guerra de, Gabriel Andrade Nunes Carrijo, Caroline Loureiro, Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro, Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues, and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto. "Endodontic images as a forensic identification: A literature review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (July 10, 2021): e16310816994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16994.
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Several radiographs are taken during endodontic treatment, thus providing a large number of images with individual characteristics that can be used for forensic identification of an individual. This study aimed to review the literature related to the use of endodontic radiographs in the identification of cadavers. A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, Periódicos Capes, and Web of Science. The keywords used were: forensic dentistry, endodontics, dental radiography, forensic identification. In total, 24 articles related to radiography in the identification of cadavers were found. Among them, 8 studies were selected for including endodontic radiographs for this purpose, comprising different types of studies: case reports of forensic identification through endodontic radiography (4); “in vitro” studies on the influence of high temperatures on endodontic materials and their radiographic images (2); a literature review on how radiographs can be used for identification (1); a comparative study between antemortem and post-mortem endodontic radiographic images (1). Overall, the present study showed that endodontic radiographs have a significant amount of information that can be used to identify a cadaver. Therefore, it is important to perform and store radiographs properly and for long periods. Literature related to the subject is still scarce and further studies are needed.
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Muchhal, Mohnish, Lav K. Niraj, Devanshu Chaudhary, Irfan Ali, Kuldeep Dhama, and Basavaraj Patthi. "Spanning the Horizon of Accuracy of Different Intraoral Radiographic Modalities: A Systematic Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 12 (2017): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2201.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study was conducted with an aim to systematically review the literature for assessing the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in detection of dental caries. Introduction Despite the advancements in oral disease science, dental caries continues to be a worldwide health concern, affecting humans of all ages. Correct diagnosis of caries is critical both in clinical practice as well as in epidemiology and radiography are worthwhile adjunct for a thorough examination. Results A literature review was performed in PubMed Central and Cochrane library, Embase, and Google Scholar, and these databases were searched up to 2016. The primary outcome measure was to assess the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in the detection of dental caries based on sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity for conventional radiographs for the detection of lesions in enamel (16–68%) and dentin (16–96%) was found to be superior as compared with other modalities of digital radiography, whereas the specificity of digital radiography was found to be superior in detection of lesion in enamel (77–96%) and dentin (84–100%) when compared with conventional radiography. Sensitivity of conventional radiographs was noted to be superior as compared with digital radiography, whereas in terms of specificity, digital was found to be superior to conventional radiographs. Conclusion Although there was no significant difference between digital and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of caries, conventional radiographs were able to detect carious lesion, in general, but for lesion to be detected precisely, digital was found to be superior. Clinical significance As digital radiography produces lower ionizing radiation, dental professionals should employ this method in their routine dental practice for diagnosing and treating carious lesions. How to cite this article Muchhal M, Niraj LK, Chaudhary D. Ali I, Dhama K, Patthi B. Spanning the Horizon of Accuracy of Different Intraoral Radiographic Modalities: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1206-1212.
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Verma, Abhishek, Stuti Verma, Anushikha Dhankhar, Nitin Kumar Moral, Nidhi Nagar, and Ajeet Singh Bhadoria. "Predicting the Risk of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Impacted Lower Third Molars Using Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 34 (August 23, 2021): 2910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/593.
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BACKGROUND A serious complication of surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Evaluation of radiographic factors to predict IAN injury using CT and panoramic radiography includes root morphology assessment, follicular sac size, mandibular bone density, inferior alveolar nerve and vessels, condition of the overlying tissues, relation of the impacted tooth with the body and ramus of the mandible and the adjacent teeth. This study was done to evaluate the radiological features of the impacted lower mandibular teeth and their relationship with IAN through panoramic radiography and CT and to assess the most predictable radiological criteria for inferior alveolar nerve injury in impacted third molar surgery. METHODS All the patients indicated for lower third molar extraction were included in the study and pre-operative conventional panoramic radiographs (Planmeca Proline PM 2002 CC, Helsinki, Finland) and CBCT (Kodak CBCT) were taken. Any post-operative nerve injuries detected were followed up after 15 days or 1 month. Fisher’s exact test was done to find the association between the outcome variable and explanatory variables. RESULTS Only 11.4 % (N = 4) of all participants had IAN injury following surgical disimpaction. All the participants with IAN injury showed narrowing of the canal on their preoperative panoramic radiographs and presence of nerve approximation with the tooth in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reports (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant association exists between IAN injury and nerve exposure, radiographic signs of nerve involvement for panoramic radiograph, level of third molar impaction, and nerve approximation in CBCT. KEY WORDS Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury, Lower Third Molar Impaction, Panoramic Radiography, CBCT
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Joshi, BR, and D. Bhusal. "Evaluation of image quality of pelvis antero-posterior view radiographs." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 39, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.811.
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Introduction: Pelvic radiography is a common radiographic examination. Thus it is important to depict entire anatomical structure with an acceptable image quality. This study was done for quantitative evaluation of pelvis radiographs by depiction of the anatomical and physical details. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, about 11.5 pelvis radiographs were selected over two months period. Eight image quality criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, sharp bony detail, rotation, collimation, artifact, beam centering, SI joint visibility and gonad protection were included. Results: Out of the 115 radiographs, only about 13 fulfilled all the image quality criteria, the rest 87 lacked either one or more of the criteria. Conclusions: To a great extent the quality of the pelvic radiographs depends on the skill of radiographer, equipment condition Ex-ray machine CR reader) and also co-operation of patients.
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Mauthe, Peter W., and Kenneth A. Eaton. "An Investigation into Dental Digital Radiography in Dental Practices in West Kent following the Introduction of the 2006 NHS General Dental Services Contract." Primary Dental Care os18, no. 2 (April 2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576111795162893.
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Aims The primary aims of the study were to investigate the use of digital radiography within primary dental care practices in the West Kent Primary Care Trust (PCT) area and general dental practitioners’ (GDPs) self-reported change in radiographic prescribing patterns following the introduction of the nGDS contract in 2006. Methods Data were gathered via a piloted, self-completed questionnaire, and circulated to all GDPs listed on the National Health Service (NHS) Choices website as practising in the West Kent PCT area. There were three mailings and follow-up telephone calls. The resulting data were entered into a statistical software database and, where relevant, statistically tested, using the chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Of 223 GDPs, 168 (75%) responded. There were 163 usable questionnaires. The respondents represented 85% of the general dental practices in West Kent. Eighty (49%) respondents were using digital intra-oral radiography. Of those who used digital radiography, 44 (55%) reported that they used phosphor plate systems and 36 (45%) that they used direct digital sensors. Eighty-three (51%) had a panoramic machine in their practice, 46 of whom (55%) were using digital systems; of these, 32 (67%) were using a direct digital system. Seventy-one GDPs reported that they worked exclusively or mainly in private practice. Forty (56%) of these ‘mainly private’ GDPs reported that they used digital radiographic systems, whereas only 40 (44%) of the 89 ‘mainly NHS’ GDPs reported using digital radiographic systems. On average, mainly private GDPs made the transition to a digital radiographic system six months before mainly NHS GDPs. Of those who provided NHS dentistry before and after April 2006, only 18 (14%) reported taking fewer radiographs and seven (6%) taking more. Conclusions In February 2010, of the West Kent GDPs who responded to the questionnaire, just under 50% used digital radiography. Mainly private GDPs were more likely to use digital radiography than their mainly NHS counterparts. A link between digital radiography and increased prescription of radiographs was not specifically apparent from this study. There was no evidence that West Kent GDPs were taking fewer radiographs than they did prior to the introduction of the new GDS contract in April 2006. Research is needed to investigate whether the uptake of digital radiography by GDPs in the rest of the country is similar to that in West Kent.
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Hassan, Mohamed A., Tamer A. Youssef, and Mohamed El-Gharib. "Role of virtual bronchoscopy in foreign body inhalation in children." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 29, no. 4 (October 2013): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7123/01.ejo.0000433256.86712.83.
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EnAbstract Objective To investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional images on the basis of multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) in the evaluation of suspected foreign body (FB) aspiration in children. Patients and methods A total of 28 children presented to Ain Shams University hospital with suspected FB inhalation. All patients underwent chest radiographs. Of the patients, eight with inconclusive history, physical examination, and negative radiograph findings for FB inhalation underwent MDCT. All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy (RB) and the results were compared with the findings of chest radiographs and virtual bronchoscopy images. Results Four patients were negative by radiography and MDCT scan, and were subjected to RB, with no FB found. The other four patients who were negative by radiography turned out to be positive by MDCT and were subjected to RB, which was positive for FB in only 3 patients. MDCT had a negative predictive value of 100%, whereas its positive predictive value was 75%. Conclusion RB should always be performed as a first-line procedure in the presence of a combination of characteristic clinical and radiographic signs. In the other patients, the presence of FB can be confirmed by MDCT in order to reduce the negative RB rate.
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Vyborny, C., P. Bunch, H. Chotas, J. Dobbins, L. Niklason, and C. Schaefer-Prokop. "Image Quality in Chest Radiography: Abstract." Journal of the ICRU 3, no. 2 (July 2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_3.2.13.
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Image quality in chest radiography is an important, but complex, subject. The complicated anatomy of the chest, as well as the various ways that chest disease may manifest itself, require careful consideration of radiographic technique. The manner in which human observers deal with the complexity of chest images adds further dimensions to image analysis that are not found in other radiography examinations. This report describes many issues that are related to the quality of chest radiographic images. In so doing, it relies upon the very extensive literature on this topic, a topic that has been one of the most thoroughly studied in all of radiography. Strategies that are generally agreed to improve the quality of chest radiographs are described, as are approaches to the assessment of image quality.
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Yousefi, Faezeh, Vahid Mollabashi, Soroush Bahmani, and Maryam Farhadian. "Comparison of Gonial Angle and Alveolar Bone Height Changes in Panoramic and Lateral Cephalometry Radiography in Growing Patients." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.06.
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Background: This study aimed to compare the gonial angle and alveolar bone height changes between panoramic and lateral cephalometry radiographic images in class II malocclusion patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: The obtained radiographic images were selected from among 120 class 2 malocclusion cases. The gonial angle and alveolar bone height were measured in the midline and molar regions of panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs using the software tools before and after the treatment of patients. Study data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 21.0), and a significance level was set to 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results: Based on the results, no significant difference was found regarding the gonial angle before and after treatment on the right and left sides in panoramic radiography and the gonial angle changes before and after treatment in cephalometric radiography (P>0.05). However, the obtained results for posterior and anterior alveolar ridge height were significant in panoramic and cephalometric radiographs (P<0.05). Moreover, the comparison of the measured gonial angle values before treatment in panoramic and cephalometric radiography represented a significant level (P<0.05). Eventually, the statistical results suggested that the alveolar bone height differences between panoramic and cephalometry radiography were significantly different in both anterior and posterior regions after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicated that only measurements obtained from the panoramic radiography were valid for the gonial angle. However, panoramic and cephalometry radiography procedures cannot be replaced for assessing the anterior and posterior alveolar bone height.
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Mulders, Marjolein A. M., Monique M. J. Walenkamp, Nico L. Sosef, Frank Ouwehand, Romuald van Velde, Carel Goslings, and Niels W. L. Schep. "The Amsterdam Wrist Rules to reduce the need for radiography after a suspected distal radius fracture: an implementation study." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 46, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-019-01194-2.
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Abstract Purpose While most patients with wrist trauma are routinely referred for radiography, around 50% of these radiographs show no fracture. To avoid unnecessary radiographs, the Amsterdam Wrist Rules (AWR) have previously been developed and validated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of the implementation of the AWR at the Emergency Department (ED). Methods In a before-and-after comparative prospective cohort study, all consecutive adult patients with acute wrist trauma presenting at the ED of four hospitals were included. Primary outcome was the number of wrist radiographs before and after implementation of the AWR. Secondary outcomes were the number of clinically relevant missed fractures, the overall length of stay in the ED, physician compliance regarding the AWR, and patient satisfaction and experience with the care received at the ED. Results A total of 402 patients were included. The absolute reduction in wrist radiographs after implementation was 15% (p < 0.001). One clinically irrelevant fracture was missed. Non-fracture patients without wrist radiography due to the AWR spent 34 min less time in the ED compared with non-fracture patients who had a wrist radiograph (p = 0.015). The physicians adhered to the AWR in 36% of patients. Of all patients who did not receive a radiographic examination of the wrist, 87% were satisfied. Conclusion Implementation of the AWR safely reduces the amount of wrist radiographs in selected patients and consequently reducing the length of stay in the ED.
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Monuszko, Karen, Michael Malinzak, Lexie Zidanyue Yang, Donna Niedzwiecki, Herbert Fuchs, Carrie R. Muh, Krista Gingrich, Robert Lark, and Eric M. Thompson. "Image quality of EOS low-dose radiography in comparison with conventional radiography for assessment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt integrity." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 27, no. 4 (April 2021): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.8.peds20428.
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OBJECTIVE Patients with shunted hydrocephalus often accumulate high levels of radiation over their lifetimes during evaluation of hardware integrity. Current practice involves the use of a series of conventional radiographs for this purpose. Newer low-dose EOS radiography is currently used to evaluate scoliosis but has not been explored to evaluate shunt integrity on a large scale. The goal of this study was to compare the quality of imaging using EOS low-dose radiography to conventional radiography to evaluate shunt tubing. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 57 patients who previously had both conventional radiographs and low-dose EOS images of their cerebral shunt tubing from 2000 to 2018. Patient demographics (age, sex, type of shunt tubing, primary diagnosis) were collected. Conventional radiographic images and low-dose EOS images were independently analyzed by a neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist in three categories: image quality, delineation of shunt, and distinction of shunt compared to adjacent anatomy. RESULTS All patients had shunted hydrocephalus due to spina bifida and Chiari type II malformation. Ratings of EOS and conventional radiographic images by both raters did not differ significantly in terms of image quality (rater 1, p = 0.499; rater 2, p = 0.578) or delineation of shunt (p = 0.107 and p = 0.256). Conventional radiographic images received significantly higher ratings than EOS on the ability to distinguish the shunt versus adjacent anatomy by rater 1 (p = 0.039), but not by rater 2 (p = 0.149). The overall score of the three categories combined was not significantly different between EOS and conventional radiography (rater 1, p = 0.818; rater 2, p = 0.186). In terms of cost, an EOS image was less costly than a conventional radiography shunt series ($236–$366 and $1300–$1547, respectively). The radiation dose was also lower for EOS images, with an effective dose of 0.086–0.140 mSv compared to approximately 1.6 mSv for a similar field of view with conventional radiography. CONCLUSIONS The image quality of low-dose EOS radiography does not significantly differ from conventional radiography for the evaluation of cerebral shunts. In addition, EOS affords a much lower radiation dose and a lower cost.
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Reina-Bueno, Maria, Guillermo Lafuente-Sotillos, Jose M. Castillo-Lopez, Estela Gomez-Aguilar, and Pedro V. Munuera-Martinez. "Radiographic Assessment of Lower-Limb Discrepancy." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-204.
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Background: This study compares different lower-limb length measurements using tests of lower-limb upright full-length radiography and anteroposterior radiography of load-bearing hips. Methods: Forty-seven consecutive individuals aged 17 to 61 years (mean ± SD, 31.47 ± 11.42 years) voluntarily took part in the study; 23 (48.9%) were women and 24 (51.1%) were men. All individuals presenting a difference of 5 mm or greater between both lower limbs quantified with a tape measure were included. All of the participants signed an informed consent form to take part in the study. Two anteroposterior load-bearing radiographs were taken: one of the hip and an upright full-length radiograph of the lower limbs. Lower-limb–length discrepancy was quantified by taking different reference points. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was assessed for each radiographic measurement. Any correlation between the different measurements were also verified. Results: Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was high for all of the measurements because the intraclass correlation was greater than 0.75 in all of the cases. There was a strong and positive correlation between the different measurements because when performing bivariate correlations with the Pearson correlation coefficient, positive values close to 1 were found. Conclusions: In this study, the different reference points reported in the upright full-length radiograph in addition to the hip radiographs are useful for assessing lower-limb–length discrepancy. The results showed that there is a correct correlation between the different measurements.
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Pollard, A. J., and P. Blacklock. "Dental radiography: Acceptable radiographs." British Dental Journal 224, no. 2 (January 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.47.
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Yu, Qian, Lifeng He, Tsuyoshi Nakamura, Yuyan Chao, and Kenji Suzuki. "A Mutual-Information-Based Global Matching Method for Chest-Radiography Temporal Subtraction." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 7 (November 20, 2012): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0841.
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Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Early detection is most important for reducing death due to lung cancer. Chest radiography has been widely and frequently used for the detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. To assess pathological changes in chest radiographs, radiologists often compare the previous chest radiograph and the current one from the same patient at different times. A temporal subtraction image, which is constructed from the previous and current radiographs, is often used to support this comparison work. This paper presents a Mutual-Information (MI)-based global matching method for chest-radiography temporal subtraction. We first make a preliminary transformation on the previous radiograph to make the center line of the lungs in the previous radiograph coincide with that of the current one. Then, we specify areas of the lungs to be used for mutual information registration and extract rib edges in these areas. We transform the rib edge image of the previous radiograph until mutual information between the rib edge image of the previous radiograph and that of the current radiograph becomes maximal. Finally, we use the same transform parameters to transform the previous radiograph, and then use the current radiograph and the transformed previous radiograph to construct the temporal subtraction image. The experimental result demonstrates that our proposed method can enhance pathological changes and reduces misregistration artifacts.
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Hardy, Maryann, and Beverly Snaith. "Radiographer interpretation of trauma radiographs: Issues for radiography education providers." Radiography 15, no. 2 (May 2009): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2007.10.004.
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Bagaev, K. A., D. I. Galkin, A. V. Puzanov, and A. O. Ustinov. "THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATION EXPERIENCE AT WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 CHAMPIONSHIP." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 258 (December 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.036-043.
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The 45 World championship WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 took place this summer in Kazan. The competition of welders was a part of the championship. The quality of welded joints produced by participants was inspected using digital and computed radiography. These technologies deeply reduced time of radiographic inspection. The quality of radiographs corresponded to improved techniques – class B according to ISO 17636-2 standard. Test arrangements used, resulted images and the role of digital radiography software were described inside the article. Several ways to improve productivity of testing were proposed. It was concluded that digital radiography is applicable for wide range of tasks; the preferred method is dependent on task and testing object.
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Chakraborty, Sankha S., S. Bhuvaneshwari, Balaji Manohar, Lipsa Bhuyan, CH Anupriya, and Awneet Kaur. "Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Direct Digital and Conventional Intraoral Peri-apical Radiographs in Identifying Interdental Bone Loss: An Observational Study." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 2 (April 2024): S1390—S1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_622_23.
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ABSTRACT The evaluation of conventional two-dimensional radiography is crucial in making the diagnosis of periodontitis. Radio-visiography (RVG) is one of the digital imaging modalities that have received significant recognition as a replacement for film-based radiography due to its improved image quality, quick turnaround time, and minimal radiation dose. In order to compare the diagnostic efficacy of Direct Digital and Conventional Intraoral Peri-apical Radiographs in identifying Interdental Bone Loss, the present investigation was carried out. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 96 patients prospectively. Radiographs were exposed using a Gendex Oralix AC machine. Statistical data was analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software using appropriate statistical tests. For both age categories, the radiographic method yielded a higher mean score than the periodontal probe method. The mean scores were noted to be higher following surgery. The radiographic approach recorded a greater mean score when gender groups were compared than the periodontal probe, which had a lower mean score. The mean scores after surgery were noted to be lower than the radiography approach and higher than the periodontal probe. The results demonstrate the radiographic technique’s significant advantage over clinical tests in determining furcation regions as well as its superior accuracy in spotting periodontal disintegration over clinical probing.
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Kehler, M., U. Albrechtsson, B. Andersson, H. Lárusdóttir, A. Lundin, and H. Pettersson. "Assessment of Digital Chest Radiography Using Stimulable Phosphor." Acta Radiologica 30, no. 6 (November 1989): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000603.
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In this pilot study, conventional and digital radiography of the chest was compared in 170 patients. Two digitized radiographs, one frequency modified and one simulating the conventional film-screen combination, and the conventional films were reviewed independently by 5 radiologists with different experience. In spite of the smaller size and lower spatial resolution of the digitized compared with the conventional radiograph, only slight differences were revealed in the observation of different pulmonary and mediastinal changes. Digitized radiography is therefore considered suitable for chest examinations.
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Aktuna Belgin, Ceren, and Gözde Serindere. "Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography." International Dental Research 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.2.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of panoramic radiographic errors and to evaluate the correlation between age and panoramic radiographic error types.
Methodology: A total of 500 panoramic radiographs (259 male, 241 female) which have been taken for various reasons were randomly selected from the archive of our dentomaxillofacial radiology department. Patients were divided into six age groups and by sex. The assessed errors included the tongue not in contact with palate, slumped position, patients not biting on bite block, patient movement, the chin tipped high, the chin tipped low, the patient positioned forward, the patient positioned backward, patient’ head turned to one side, foreign bodies in the image, exposure errors, positioning error of the lips and missing image. Each radiograph was quality rated as excellent, diagnostically acceptable or unacceptable.
Results: One or more errors were detected in 317 (63.4%) of the 500 panoramic radiographs, while no error was found in 183 (%36.6). It was observed that the most common error type was the slumped position (13.2%). Quality of the panoramic radiographs was evaluated according to the criteria, only 15% images were classified as “excellent”, 48.2% was as “inadequate for diagnosis” and 36.8% was as “adequate for diagnosis”. It was recorded that “slumped position” and “patient movement” errors were statistically significant in >56 years (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Patients can be protected from unnecessary radiation reception by investigating the causes of panoramic radiographic errors and training of technicians in this direction.
How to cite this article: Aktuna Belgin C, Serindere G. Evaluation of error types and quality on panoramic radiography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):99-104.
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Beltrán, Jorge A., Roberto A. León-Manco, and Maria Eugenia Guerrero. "Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the diagnosis of carious lesions in vitro." Journal of Oral Research 9, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2020.091.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the detection of in vitro caries lesions. Material and Methods: One hundred teeth (46 molars and 54 premolars) were evaluated, including 176 proximal surfaces and 90 occlusal surfaces, with or without dental caries lesions. Digital images of all teeth were obtained using specific intraoral radiographs, VistaScan DürrDental®phosphor-plate radiography, XIOS XG Sirona® digital sensor radiography, and CBCT I-CATTM. Observers evaluated the images for the detection of caries lesions. The teeth were clinically sectioned and stereomicroscopy served as a validation tool. The relationship of sensitivity and specificity between all systems was determined through the ROC curve using Az values. Results: The values of the area under the curve (Az) selected for the CBCT I-CATTM system were 0.89 (0.84-0.93), for conventional radiography 0.71 (0.66-0.76), digital sensor radiography 0.74 (0.70-0.78) and digital radiography with phosphor-plates 0.73 (0.69-0.77). Statistically significant differences were found between the CBCT I-CATTM system and intraoral radiographic systems (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for the CBCT I-CATTM were 0.84 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusion: CBCT has a high sensitivity and specificity compared to intraoral radiographic systems for the diagnosis of dental caries lesions in vitro.
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Krencnik, Tomaz, Tadej Jalsovec, Martina Klemenak, Petra Riznik, and Jernej Dolinsek. "Safety beyond Sight: Handheld Metal Detectors as Diagnostic Allies in the Management of Children Suspected to have Ingested Foreign Bodies." Diagnostics 14, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040356.
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Background. Foreign body (FB) ingestion remains a common cause of pediatric emergency department referrals, and the gold standard for detection is whole-digestive-tract radiographic examination. Our study explores whether handheld metal detectors (HHMD) can effectively identify the presence and location of ingested metal objects, potentially reducing the need for additional radiographic examination. Methods. We collected medical data from children with suspected metal FB ingestion who were referred to our emergency department (October 2017–March 2023), focusing on object type and correlating metal detector findings with radiographic images. Results. Data from 43 children (39.5% female; mean age: 4 y) referred to our emergency department were analyzed. Coins (32.6%), button batteries (18.6%), and hairpins (11.6%) were the most common ingested objects. Metal detectors detected the presence of FBs in 81.4% of cases (sensitivity: 89.7%; specificity: 100%). Radiographs, taken for 40 children, showed that the most common locations were the stomach (37%) and intestine (33%). The metal detector signals matched the radiography results in 69.8% of cases. According to HHMD, 34.9% of objects were accessible via endoscopy, contrasting with 51.2% via radiography (p < 0.05). Conclusion. While the findings obtained using handheld metal detectors often correlate well with radiograph findings in detecting metal FBs, for an important number of children, this confirmation is lacking, especially when determining the exact location of an object.
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Manzoor, Sathick, Kalaiselvi Santhosh, Anu Sushanth, Sakthidaran Seralathan, Vivekanandan Rajasekar, and Anoop Jacob. "A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate Nuclear Changes in Buccal Mucosa Following Panoramic Radiography." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 11 (2020): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2921.
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ABSTRACT Aim and objective To evaluate the possible genotoxic effect of X-rays on buccal mucosa while exposing to dental panoramic radiography using micronucleus test. Materials and methods The study group comprised of 30 healthy subjects, 15 males and 15 females, aged between 24 years and 65 years. Samples were obtained from the exfoliated oral mucosa cells of buccal mucosa before and 12 days after exposing the patients to panoramic radiography. Results The study reported that there was no significant increase in the number of micronuclei cells present before and after panoramic radiography. Positive correlation existed between age with pre- and postexposure micronuclei. Conclusion Diagnostic dental panoramic radiograph does not induce micronuclei in the target buccal epithelium cells. A positive correlation between age and micronuclei frequency was established. Clinical significance Panoramic radiographs does not induce cytotoxicity but increase frequency may be vulnerable to genotoxic effects in buccal mucosal cells. Hence, dental radiographs should be prescribed only when necessary. How to cite this article Santhosh K, Manzoor S, Sushanth A, et al. A Cross-sectional Study to Evaluate Nuclear Changes in Buccal Mucosa Following Panoramic Radiography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1258–1261.
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Fubini, S. L., A. E. Yeager, H. O. Mohammed, and D. F. Smith. "Accuracy of radiography of the reticulum for predicting surgical findings in adult dairy cattle with traumatic reticuloperitonitis: 123 cases (1981-1987)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 1060–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.197.08.1060.
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Summary Radiographic and surgical findings were compared in 123 cattle suspected of having traumatic reticuloperitonitis. Radiography of the reticulum proved to be a sensitive test for detection of a foreign body (fb). An abnormal fb position on a radiograph was a good predictor of fb perforation. If an fb was fully attached to a magnet, it was unlikely to be perforating the reticular wall. When abnormal reticulum size, abnormal reticulum location, and gas shadows adjacent to the reticulum were found simultaneously on a radiograph, hepatic or perireticular abscess was likely. Reticular radiography proved to be a useful diagnostic aid in cattle suspected of having traumatic reticuloperitonitis.
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Decusară, Mioara, Cerasella-Dorina Şincar, Alexandru Nicolau, and Teodora Denisa Gheorghi. "The importance of 3D imaging for the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 62, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2016.4.3.
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Within a century, dental radiology “suffered” transformation, beginning with periapical radiographs, cephalograms and panoramic radiography and continuing with digital imaging and cone beam computed tomography. In contemporary dental practice is importantant to choose the type of radiographic investigation in order to achieve a complete and accurate diagnosis, so necessary for determining the treatment plan for patients with dental-maxillary abnormalities. We conducted a comparative study between conventional radiographic investigation (periapical radiographs, panoramic radiography) and cone beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. The costs and radiation doses are low to the classic X-rays, but the diagnosis is given by the two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional dental-maxillary pathologies. Cone Beam CT scans were relatively high in cost and in radiation doses, but provided three-dimensional images and anatomic and radiological data of superior quality to the classics.
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Joseph, Biju Baby, Meenu Joseph, Theertha Mohan, Thabsheera PP, and M. S. Deepa. "MANAGEMENT OF RADIOGRAPHIC WASTE IN DENTISTRY- A REVIEW." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i2.2020.175.
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Radiographs are imperative part of the complete assessment and treatment in medical and dental fields. The attractiveness and expediency of x ray technology extends way beyond the medical fields. Despite the fact that the advent of medical imaging reached to digital radiography, conventional radiography is still used by the practitioners. Unfortunately conventional radiographic procedures potentially generate hazardous waste products that have an alarming impact on environment. The accumulated waste products from the conventional radiographic methods may risk the environmental systems. Proper waste disposal and management is required to resolve this inevitable problem. The main intention of this article is to deal with the hazardous consequences of radiographic waste produced in dentistry and to enlighten the management methods to settle the impact of harmful effects of radiographic waste generated during dental procedure.
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Clifford, Jared. "Silver Nitrate Interpreted as Osseous Pathology on Radiographs." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 106, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-063.
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Silver nitrate is often used topically for hemostasis. When radiography is performed after the application of silver nitrate, an artifact appears on the radiograph that may be mistaken for an abnormal calcification or a foreign body. The patients in the following two cases were treated with topical silver nitrate. In each case, radiographs taken after treatment seemed to demonstrate abnormal soft-tissue calcifications in the area of silver nitrate application. Subsequent clinical examination revealed no calcifications, and it was determined that the abnormal radiographic findings were silver nitrate artifacts. Although this phenomenon has been described in the medical literature, misdiagnosis still occurs and could potentially lead to additional imaging or unnecessary procedures.
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Lee, Hee Young, Matthieu Lalevee, Nacime S. Mansur, Kevin N. Dibbern, Amanda Ehret, Connor Maly, Walter C. Hembree, John E. Femino, Victoria Vivtcharenko, and Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Comparative Assessment of Hallux Rigidus using Conventional Radiograph and Weightbearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00304.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and Its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. MPE, elevated first metatarsal has been a topic of debate since Lambrinudi`s first description. Recent studies have supported MPE in hallux rigidus by measuring with various methods on wightbearing lateral radiographs, but there are limitations of conventional radiography due to variation in X- ray projection and superimposed metatarsals regardless of the methods of measurement. Our objective was to assess MPE and other associated parameters with hallux rigidus via radiography and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux interphalangeal angle (HIPA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, Metatarsus adductus angle, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9, 12 males and 8 females. HVA (15.73 in X-ray vs 14.04 in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25 vs 16.47), 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle (24.54 vs 26.60), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel (-7.67 vs -7.89) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: HVA, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT. Further studies are needed for inter-rater reliability and discriminant validity of the measurements determined by differences between different groups (HR vs control).
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Wang, Zhen, and Yingxia Xiong. "Detection of abnormalities in dyspneic patients using a new lung imaging modality." Chinese Medical Journal 127, no. 12 (June 20, 2014): 2247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20132857.
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Background Although chest radiography is a useful examination tool, it has limitations. Because not all chest conditions can be detected on a radiograph, radiography cannot necessarily rule out all irregularities in the chest. Therefore, further imaging studies may be required to clarify the results of a chest radiograph, or to identify abnormalities that are not readily visible. The aim of this study was to compare traditional chest radiography with acoustic-based imaging (vibration response imaging) for the detection of lung abnormalities in patients with acute dyspnea. Methods The current investigation was a pilot study. Respiratory sounds throughout the respiratory cycle were captured using an acoustic-based imaging technique. Consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department with acute dyspnea and a normal chest radiograph on admission were enrolled and underwent imaging at the time of presentation. Dynamic and static images of vibration (breath sounds) and a dynamic image score were generated, and assessments were made using an evaluation form. Results In healthy volunteer controls (n=61), the mean dynamic image score was 6.3±1.9. In dyspneic patients with normal chest radiographs (n=51) and abnormal chest radiographs (n=48), the dynamic image scores were 4.7±2.7 and 5.1±2.5, respectively (P <0.05). The final assessment of the vibration images indicated abnormal findings in 15%, 86% and 90% of the participants in the above groups, respectively (P <0.05). Conclusions In patients with acute dyspnea who present with normal chest radiographs, respiratory sound analyses often showed abnormal values. Hence, the ability of acoustic-based recordings to offer objective and noninvasive measurements of abnormal sound transmission may be useful in the clinical setting for patients presenting with acute dyspnea.
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Sanders, R., C. J. MacEwen, and A. S. McCulloch. "The Value of Skull Radiography in Ophthalmology." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 5 (September 1994): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500506.
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Skull radiographs and special views are still requested in ophthalmology despite the increasing availability of other radiological investigations such as CT, MR imaging and ultrasound. In order to assess the value of skull radiography in ophthalmology we retrospectively studied the use of skull radiographs and CT images in our department. In only one instance was patient management based purely on skull radiograph findings. Over 50% of CT examinations had been preceded by skull films which made no contribution towards management. In some cases the skull films had been misleading by not showing significant pathology and had consequently created considerable delay before diagnosis was reached. It is therefore unjustifiable to use skull films as a method of screening for orbital or intracranial disease and there is little indication for skull radiography in ophthalmology, except in detection of intraocular foreign bodies, facial and orbital fractures and simple sinusitis.
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Wei, Dixiao, Qiongshui Wu, Xianpei Wang, Meng Tian, and Bowen Li. "Accurate Instance Segmentation in Pediatric Elbow Radiographs." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 7966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237966.
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Radiography is an essential basis for the diagnosis of fractures. For the pediatric elbow joint diagnosis, the doctor needs to diagnose abnormalities based on the location and shape of each bone, which is a great challenge for AI algorithms when interpreting radiographs. Bone instance segmentation is an effective upstream task for automatic radiograph interpretation. Pediatric elbow bone instance segmentation is a process by which each bone is extracted separately from radiography. However, the arbitrary directions and the overlapping of bones pose issues for bone instance segmentation. In this paper, we design a detection-segmentation pipeline to tackle these problems by using rotational bounding boxes to detect bones and proposing a robust segmentation method. The proposed pipeline mainly contains three parts: (i) We use Faster R-CNN-style architecture to detect and locate bones. (ii) We adopt the Oriented Bounding Box (OBB) to improve the localizing accuracy. (iii) We design the Global-Local Fusion Segmentation Network to combine the global and local contexts of the overlapped bones. To verify the effectiveness of our proposal, we conduct experiments on our self-constructed dataset that contains 1274 well-annotated pediatric elbow radiographs. The qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the network significantly improves the performance of bone extraction. Our methodology has good potential for applying deep learning in the radiography’s bone instance segmentation.
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Dasegowda, Giridhar, Mannudeep K. Kalra, Alain S. Abi-Ghanem, Chiara D. Arru, Monica Bernardo, Luca Saba, Doris Segota, et al. "Suboptimal Chest Radiography and Artificial Intelligence: The Problem and the Solution." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030412.
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Chest radiographs (CXR) are the most performed imaging tests and rank high among the radiographic exams with suboptimal quality and high rejection rates. Suboptimal CXRs can cause delays in patient care and pitfalls in radiographic interpretation, given their ubiquitous use in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic ailments. Suboptimal CXRs can also compound and lead to high inter-radiologist variations in CXR interpretation. While advances in radiography with transitions to computerized and digital radiography have reduced the prevalence of suboptimal exams, the problem persists. Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the radiographic acquisition, triage, and interpretation of CXRs, could offer a plausible solution for suboptimal CXRs. We review the literature on suboptimal CXRs and the potential use of AI to help reduce the prevalence of suboptimal CXRs.
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Liu, Tiffany, Chia Wu, David Steinberg, David Bozentka, L. Levin, Benjamin Gray, and Nikolas Kazmers. "Deferring Routine Wrist Radiography Does Not Affect Management of de Quervain Tendinopathy Patients." Journal of Wrist Surgery 07, no. 02 (August 14, 2017): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606124.
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Background Obtaining wrist radiographs prior to surgeon evaluation may be wasteful for patients ultimately diagnosed with de Quervain tendinopathy (DQT). Questions/Purpose Our primary question was whether radiographs directly influence treatment of patients presenting with DQT. A secondary question was whether radiographs influence the frequency of injection and surgical release between cohorts with and without radiographs evaluated within the same practice. Patients and Methods Patients diagnosed with DQT by fellowship-trained hand surgeons at an urban academic medical center were identified retrospectively. Basic demographics and radiographic findings were tabulated. Clinical records were studied to determine whether radiographic findings corroborated history or physical examination findings, and whether management was directly influenced by radiographic findings. Frequencies of treatment with injection and surgery were separately tabulated and compared between cohorts with and without radiographs. Results We included 181 patients (189 wrists), with no differences in demographics between the 58% (110 wrists) with and 42% (79 wrists) without radiographs. Fifty (45%) of imaged wrists demonstrated one or more abnormalities; however, even for the 13 (12%) with corroborating history and physical examination findings, wrist radiography did not directly influence a change in management for any patient in this series. No difference was observed in rates of injection or surgical release either upon initial presentation, or at most recent documented follow-up, between those with and without radiographs. No differences in frequency, types, or total number of additional simultaneous surgical procedures were observed for those treated surgically. Conclusion Wrist radiography does not influence management of patients presenting DQT. Level of Evidence This is a level III, diagnostic study.