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1
Özbakan, Mustafa. "Middle East Technical University (METU) Radiocarbon Dates I." Radiocarbon 30, no. 3 (1988): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044398.
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The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory was established at the Middle East Technical University in the Physics Department with the equipment provided by the British Government through former CENTO auspices and financial support by the Ford Foundation. This list reports on 14C dates measured up to July 1987.
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Forenbaher, Stašo, Timothy Kaiser, and Preston T. Miracle. "Dating the East Adriatic Neolithic." European Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 4 (2013): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957113y.0000000038.
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New radiocarbon determinations from Mesolithic, Neolithic, and/or Copper Age contexts at ten sites are presented, bringing the number of absolute dates available for the East Adriatic to more than twice that of a decade ago. The dates show that, from 6000 BC onward, pottery styles (Impressed Ware, Danilo variants, Hvar, Nakovana, and Cetina) emerged, spread, and disappeared at different times, places, and rates within the region. The implications for models of the spread of farming and other features of Neolithic life are discussed. The continued usefulness of the threefold division of the regional Neolithic into ‘Early’, ‘Middle’, and ‘Late’ phases is found to be dubious.
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Bae, Kidong. "Radiocarbon Dates from Paleolithic Sites in Korea." Radiocarbon 44, no. 2 (2002): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031842.
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Fewer than 20 radiocarbon dates have been obtained from Paleolithic sites on the Korean Peninsula. It is still unknown how and when Korean Middle Paleolithic stone industries developed, despite the handful of dates older than 40,000 BP obtained from some sites. A lower boundary for the Korean Upper Paleolithic of approximately 30,000 BP can be inferred from the few dates associated with stone blade industries. 14C dates associated with microlithic industries of 24,000 BP are considered too old in light of evidence from other areas of East Asia. Most such assemblages are post-Last Glacial Maximum in age. Improved understanding of the Korean Paleolithic sequence will depend ultimately on the further accumulation of 14C dates, as well as the application of alternative dating techniques and attention to the reconstruction of site formation process.
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Haynes, C. Vance, and Albert R. Mead. "Radiocarbon Dating and Paleoclimatic Significance of Subfossil Limicolaria in Northwestern Sudan." Quaternary Research 28, no. 1 (July 1987): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90035-4.
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AbstractThe discovery, identification, and radiocarbon dating of the large achatinid land snail Limicolaria kambeul chudeaui at six places in northwestern Sudan, north of the 100-mm isohyet, provide convincing evidence that at least 300 mm annual rainfall existed there 6000 yr ago. Since then the rainfall north of ca. 20°N lat in the eastern Sahara has certainly been <300 mm and probably <200 mm. Accelerator mass spectrometry has allowed the organic fraction, presumably conchiolin, to be accurately radiocarbon dated whereas carbonate fractions are ca. 600 yr too old. Comparative studies show the subfossil form, L. k. chudeaui, to be the most primitive in its species complex and to occupy a narrow east-west belt across Africa north of 15°N and west of 35°E. The northern limit of living forms lies within the southern part of the Sahelian zone in forest or forest-savanna. They cannot live in open grassland. Therefore, the distribution of L. k. chudeaui marks the former northern position of this zone during the middle Holocene, indicating a latitudinal shift of at least 5° (500 km).
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Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Marek Krąpiec, and Barbara Niezabitowska-Wiśniewska. "The Chronology of Site 3 in Ulów (Tomaszów Lubelski District, East Poland): The Relevance of Anthracological Analysis for Radiocarbon Dating at a Multicultural Site." Radiocarbon 59, no. 5 (September 26, 2017): 1399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.74.
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AbstractArchaeological site 3 in Ulów is in an area previously thought not to have been settled before historical times. Systematic excavation work that began there in 2002 revealed long-term occupation from the Late Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages. The majority of archaeological features represent a cemetery belonging to the Late Roman and Early Migration periods (III–V c. AD, Wielbark culture). The site’s relative chronology was determined from analyses of archaeological artifacts. To complete the chronological framework required for a proper interpretation of cultural processes, a group of charcoal fragments was selected for radiocarbon (14C) dating. These charcoals were first taxonomically identified and weighed, and then designated for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and conventional 14C analyses. The datings (n=43) indicated three main chronological horizons. Some of the graves from the Wielbark culture contained charcoals of younger or older age, posing problems in interpreting taphonomic processes at this multicultural site. In the light of the 14C dating results, the chronology of several features previously attributed to the Wielbark culture was re-interpreted.
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Macháček, Jiří, Petr Dresler, and Renáta Přichystalová. "Das Ende Großmährens – Überlegungen zur relativen und absoluten Chronologie des ostmitteleuropäischen Frühmittelalters." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 93, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 307–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2018-0010.
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Abstract The Fall of Great Moravia. Reflections on relative and absolute chronology of Early Middle Ages in the East-Central Europe. Dating the so-called Great Moravian jewelry and Great Moravian church graveyards is one of the crucial tasks of archaeology of the Early Middle Ages. The chronological systems developed based on the rich graves investigated over the past 60 years within the Czech Republic help in dating archaeological finds from the 9th to the 10th century all over Europe. This study addresses the question of how long the luxury jewelry existed as part of living culture and until when the earliest church graveyards with burials of people clad in the traditional Great Moravian costume existed in Moravia. The solution to this problem is supported by assessments of finds from graves excavated at Pohansko near Břeclav and, most importantly, by radiocarbon dating the application of which is still not common in archaeology of the Early Middle Ages. The result of the present research is a finding that in Great Moravian church graveyards burials continued consistently until the mid-10th century, occasionally probably even a little longer. People were interred there wearing the typical Great Moravian costume which included the luxury jewelry as its component. It is a significant correction of the previous opinions and a partial return to the original dating of Great Moravian material culture from the 1950s and 1960s.
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Okuno, Mitsuru, Miki Shiihara, Masayuki Torii, Toshio Nakamura, Kyu Han Kim, Hanako Domitsu, Hiroshi Moriwaki, and Motoyoshi Oda. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Holocene Tephra Layers on Ulleung Island, South Korea." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 1465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046555.
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Ulleung Island, a large stratovolcano, is located in the western part of the Japan Sea (East Sea), 130 km off the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The Ulleung-Oki (U-Oki) is a widely distributed tephra in and around the Japan Sea, and has an age of 10.7 cal ka BP obtained from the Lake Suigetsu data set (central Japan). Of the 7 tephra layers (U-7 to -1) on the island, the pumiceous U-4, U-3, and U-2 tephra layers are petrochemically and petrographically similar to the U-Oki tephra. To determine the eruption ages of 3 tephra layers on Ulleung Island, we conducted radiocarbon dating for 5 soil and 2 charcoal samples. Although the soil samples have the C/N ratios from 5 to 10, the obtained 14C dates are still consistent with the tephra stratigraphy of the island. The calibrated 14C dates for the U-4, U-3, and U-2 tephras are 11 cal ka BP, 8.3 or 9 cal ka BP, and 5.6 cal ka BP, respectively, indicating that the explosive eruptions occurred in the island with a time interval of 2000 to 3000 yr during the period of the early to middle Holocene. Based on our chronology, the U-4 tephra is most likely correlated with the U-Oki tephra.
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Allen, K. R., P. J. Reimer, D. W. Beilman, and S. E. Crow. "An Investigation into 14C offsets in Modern Mollusk Shell and Flesh from Irish Coasts shows no Significant differences in areas of Carbonate Geology." Radiocarbon 61, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 1913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.119.
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ABSTRACTOur ability to reliably use radiocarbon (14C) dates of mollusk shells to estimate calendar ages may depend on the feeding preference and habitat of a particular species and the geology of the region. Gastropods that feed by scraping are prone to incorporation of carbon from the substrate into their shells as evidenced by studies comparing the radiocarbon dates of shells and flesh from different species on different substrates (Dye 1994; Hogg et al. 1998). Limpet shells (Patella sp.) are commonly found in prehistoric midden deposits in the British Isles and elsewhere, however these shells have largely been avoided for radiocarbon dating in regions of limestone outcrops. Results from limpets (Patella vulgata) collected alive on limestone and volcanic substrates on the coasts of Ireland indicate that the shells were formed in equilibrium with the seawater, with no significant 14C offsets. Limpets collected from the east coast of Northern Ireland have elevated 14C due to the output of Sellafield nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. In all locations, the flesh was depleted in 14C compared to the shells. The results will have an important consequence for radiocarbon dating of midden deposits as well as the bone of humans and animals who fed on the limpets.
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Mellars, Paul, and Jacques Tixier. "Radiocarbon-accelerator dating of Ksar 'Aqil (Lebanon) and the chronology of the Upper Palaeolithic sequence in the Middle East." Antiquity 63, no. 241 (December 1989): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00076894.
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The old importance of the eastern coastal region of the Mediterranean for the later Palaeolithic has been recently reinforced by remarkably early TL dates for modern hominids there. This important series of dates for the early Upper Palaeolithic at a Lebanese site adds to the story.
10
Arslanov, Khikmatulla, Olga Druzhinina, Larisa Savelieva, Dmitry Subetto, Ivan Skhodnov, Pavel Dolukhanov, Gennady Kuzmin, Sergey Chernov, Fedor Maksimov, and Segey Kovalenkov. "Geochronology of vegetation stages of south-east Baltic coast (Kaliningrad region) during the middle and Late Holocene." Geochronometria 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0016-7.
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Abstract The raised bog sediments that have been continuously accumulated over time represent the most suitable natural object which enables us to reconstruct Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation and palaeoclimates. Bog peat consists of organic carbon formed in situ. It contains moss, plant fragments and microfossils that are necessary for the study of palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate. However, a successful study of palaeoenvironment can be carried out on the basis of investigation of a great quantity of samples along the whole peatbog thickness. In the present paper, the authors present the results of palynological, botanical investigations and radiocarbon dating of 31 peat samples taken from the raised bog Velikoye, located in the eastern part of Kaliningrad Region. The data obtained have enabled us to reconstruct the palaeovegetation, reveal the evolution of the bog and determine rate of peat formation at different evolutional stages over the last 7500 cal BP.
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Perttula, Timothy K. "A Compendium of Radiocarbon and Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates from Archaeological Sites in East Texas, with A Discussion of the Age and Dating of Select Components and Phases." Radiocarbon 39, no. 3 (1997): 305–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200053297.
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This paper presents a compilation of the >520 radiocarbon and oxidizable carbon ratio dates obtained since the early 1950s from archaeological sites in East Texas. Many of the dates are from difficult-to-obtain sources, such as archaeological sites investigated during the course of cultural resource management projects. An analysis of the age ranges in the dates indicate that most pertain to prehistoric and protohistoric Caddoan Indian occupations, particularly the Early (ad 1000–1200) and Middle Caddoan (ad 1200–1400) periods when prehistoric Caddoan settlements were widely distributed throughout the region.
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Mažeika, J., P. Blaževičius, M. Stančikaitė, and D. Kisielienė. "Dating of the Cultural Layers from Vilnius Lower Castle, East Lithuania: Implications for Chronological Attribution and Environmental History." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200055892.
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Complex interdisciplinary studies carried out in the territory of the Vilnius Lower Castle, E Lithuania, were used to construct a chronological framework based on radiocarbon data and archaeological information. Bulk samples (wood and sediment) were collected from an approximately 3-m core that crossed cultural layers and underlying strata. 14C dates indicate that the underlying bed possibly formed during the 6th century AD, although no archaeological finds were discovered there. Paleobotanical (pollen and plant macrofossil) investigations reveal evidence of agriculture that points to the existence of a permanent settlement in the area at that time. The chronological data indicates a sedimentation hiatus before the onset of the deposition of the cultural layer in the studied area. The 14C dates showed that the formation of the cultural bed began during the late 13th–early 14th centuries AD, that is, earlier than expected according to the archaeological record. The ongoing deposition of the cultural beds continued throughout the middle to latter half of the 14th century AD as revealed by the archaeological records and confirmed by well-correlated 14C results. After some decline in human activity in the middle of the 14th century AD, a subsequent ongoing development of the open landscape, along with intensive agriculture, points to an increase in human activity during the second half of the 14th century AD. The first half of the 15th century AD was marked by intensive exploitation of the territory, indicating a period of economic and cultural prosperity. The chronological framework indicates that the investigated cultural beds continued forming until the first half of the 16th century AD.
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Piezonka, Henny, Nadezhda Nedomolkina, Marina Ivanishcheva, Natalya Kosorukova, Marianna Kulkova, and John Meadows. "The Early and Middle Neolithic in NW Russia: radiocarbon chronologies from the Sukhona and Onega regions." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 3, 2018): 122–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.8.
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The onset of the Neolithic period in the Russian North is defined by the emergence of pottery vessels in the archaeological record. The ceramics produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the north-eastern European forest zone are among the earliest in Europe, starting around 6000 cal BC. After the initial mosaic of local styles in the Early Neolithic, including sparsely decorated wares and early Comb Ware, the Middle Neolithic period, starting in the 5th millennium cal BC, saw the development and spread of larger, more homogenous typological entities between the Urals and the Baltic, the Comb-Pit and Pit-Comb wares. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate, due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct 14C dating of carbonised surface residues (‘food crusts’) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery; but if aquatic foods were processed in the vessels, the respective radiocarbon ages can appear to be too old due to the freshwater reservoir effect. In this paper, we discuss the radiocarbon chronologies of four important stratified archaeological complexes in the region between Lake Onega and the Sukhona basin, Berezovaya Slobodka, Veksa, Karavaikha, and Tudozero. A growing series of dates, including AMS dates, sheds new light on the onset and further periodisation of the Early and Middle Neolithic in this important area between Eastern Fennoscandia, Central Russia and the Far North-East of Europe, although problems concerning the absolute chronology of the initial Neolithic remain.
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Piezonka, Henny, Nadezhda Nedomolkina, Marina Ivanishcheva, Natalya Kosorukova, Marianna Kulkova, and John Meadows. "The Early and Middle Neolithic in NW Russia: radiocarbon chronologies from the Sukhona and Onega regions." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 3, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.8.
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The onset of the Neolithic period in the Russian North is defined by the emergence of pottery vessels in the archaeological record. The ceramics produced by mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher groups in the north-eastern European forest zone are among the earliest in Europe, starting around 6000 cal BC. After the initial mosaic of local styles in the Early Neolithic, including sparsely decorated wares and early Comb Ware, the Middle Neolithic period, starting in the 5th millennium cal BC, saw the development and spread of larger, more homogenous typological entities between the Urals and the Baltic, the Comb-Pit and Pit-Comb wares. Absolute chronologies, however, are still subject to debate, due to a general lack of reliable contextual information. Direct 14C dating of carbonised surface residues (‘food crusts’) on pots can help to address this problem, as it dates the use of the pottery; but if aquatic foods were processed in the vessels, the respective radiocarbon ages can appear to be too old due to the freshwater reservoir effect. In this paper, we discuss the radiocarbon chronologies of four important stratified archaeological complexes in the region between Lake Onega and the Sukhona basin, Berezovaya Slobodka, Veksa, Karavaikha, and Tudozero. A growing series of dates, including AMS dates, sheds new light on the onset and further periodisation of the Early and Middle Neolithic in this important area between Eastern Fennoscandia, Central Russia and the Far North-East of Europe, although problems concerning the absolute chronology of the initial Neolithic remain.
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Janczewski, Piotr, Paweł Kraus, and Piotr Włodarczak. "Święte 15: Cemetery of the Corded Ware Culture." Baltic-Pontic Studies 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 93–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bps-2018-0003.
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Abstract The Corded Ware culture (CWC) cemetery at site 15 in Święte, Radymno Commune, Jarosław District, was researched in 2010-2011 in the context of rescue excavations before the construction of the A4 motorway. Nine features were discovered, including six graves with a niche construction. An analysis of funerary rite traits and relics forming the grave inventory indicates that the above is linked with the later stage of the CWC development in Lesser Poland. Analogical materials are found in the neighbouring sites 11 and 20 in Święte and 7 in Skołoszów. On the basis of radiocarbon dating the chronology of the cemetery complex was defined to the period 2525-2380 BC. An interesting element of grave inventories is vessels analogous to finds from the Middle Dnieper and Catacomb cultures. These point to the ties of communities using the cemetery complex in Święte with those to the east of Lesser Poland – confirmed in the analysis conducted of stable isotopes of strontium.
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Ezepenko, Igor Nikolayevich. "Related Neolithic cultures of the Dnepr-Donetsk community of the Upper Dnepr region: common and distinctive features." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201983205.
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The paper provides data on two Neolithic cultures of the Upper Dnepr basin: the Dnepr-Donetsk and the Upper-Dnepr cultures. It addresses the main stages of historic study of the Neolithic sites on the right bank of the Dnepr and the middle and lower Sozh River area. Even now the problems related to the formation of early Neolithic complexes, the absolute chronology of the Dnepr-Donetsk culture in general, remain topical, especially for Eastern Polesye. Only the first steps have been attempted in terms of interdisciplinary study of the settlements of the Dnepr-Donetsk culture: a petrographic analysis of ceramics and radiocarbon dating of soot, a geomorphological and geochemical analysis of settlement structures in the micro-region of the Streshinskaya lowland. Despite the impressive historiographic data, the western and southern borders of the Upper Dnepr culture area, the morphological features of ceramic complexes, and the genesis of the culture based on local Mesolithic still remain controversial. Radical carbon data that appeared mainly due to the dating of soot on the walls of vessels of different periods in the culture development are also scarce. Traditionally for Belarus archaeological literature the author considers Neolithic sites of lower Pripyat as an east polessian variant.
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Janz, Lisa, Arlene M. Rosen, Dashzeveg Bukhchuluun, and Davaakhuu Odsuren. "Zaraa Uul: An archaeological record of Pleistocene-Holocene palaeoecology in the Gobi Desert." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249848.
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Environmentally-based archaeological research at Zaraa Uul, including zooarchaeology, phytolith analysis, and radiocarbon dating, is the first of its kind in Mongolia and presents critical new insight on the relationship between periods of occupational intensity and climatic amelioration from the earliest anatomically modern humans to the adoption of pastoralism. The palaeoenvironmental and faunal record of Zaraa Uul show that Early-Middle Holocene hydrology and species distributions were distinct from all other periods of human occupation. Holocene hunter-gatherers inhabited an ecosystem characterized by extensive marshes, riparian shrub and arboreal vegetation along the hill slopes and drainages. The exploitation of species associated with riparian and wetland settings supports the hypothesis of, but suggests an earlier timing for, oasis-based logistical foraging during the Early-Middle Holocene of arid Northeast Asia. The onset of wetter conditions at 8500 cal BP agrees with other regional studies, but multiple lines of evidence present the first integrated field- and laboratory-based record of human-environment relationships in arid East Asia during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. We compare it to Late Pleistocene climatic amelioration, and highlight specific responses of the hydrological, vegetative and faunal communities to climate change in arid Northeast Asia.
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Epimakhov, Andrey V. "RADIOCARBON ARGUMENTS FOR THE ABASHEVO ORIGIN OF THE SINTASHTA TRADITIONS IN THE BRONZE AGE." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-51-60.
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The article compares the chronology of some Bronze Age cultural traditions in the Volga river region and Southern Urals. The aim of the work is to test the hypothesis of oncoming migration flows of carriers of the Abashevo and Seima-Turbino traditions by determination of chronological positions for territorial groups based on the analysis of radiocarbon dates series. The groups were formed according to the cultural and territorial principle (Abashevo sites in the Volga and Ural regions, Sintashta sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals, Seima-Turbino sites in the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals). A critical analysis and statistical verification of the reliability for the series were carried out. It made possible to abandon the use of some dates (outliers) and form intervals for all possible cases. As a result, an acute shortage of quality dating for the Pre-Urals Abashevo, Sintashta and Seima-Turbino traditions, as well as the need to check the available results for the distortion of the reservoir effect was noted. The latter was reliably diagnosed in a number of cases when the full study procedure was carried out. The earliest were the Abashevo materials of the Middle Volga and, apparently, the Seima-Turbino of Western Siberia (the last third of the 3rd millennium сal BC). Other groups form similar intervals (end of the 21st–18th centuries cal BC). This indirectly confirms the version of two oncoming migration flows, the Urals became the zone of contact and interaction of them. The first flow is the Abashevo movement from west to east and further to south and southeast, the second one is Seima-Turbino — from east to west. Archaeological traces of the interaction are well captured, but the chronological determination of the contacts and their duration requires an increase in all series sufficient for applying statistical procedures (with the exception of the Trans-Ural Sintashta series).
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Bruins, Hendrik J., and Johannes van der Plicht. "Radiocarbon Challenges Archaeo-Historical Time Frameworks in the Near East: the Early Bronze Age of Jericho in Relation to Egypt." Radiocarbon 43, no. 3 (2001): 1321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220003856x.
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Our stratified radiocarbon dates from EB Jericho (Trench III) on short-lived material are significantly older than conventional archaeo-historical time frameworks. The calibrated 14C date of Stage XV Phase li-lii (Early to Middle EB-I Kenyon) is 100–450 years older. Stage XVI Phase lxi-lxii (Early EB-II Kenyon) is 200–500 years older. Stage XVI Phase lxii-lxiii (destructive end EB-II) is 200–300 years older. Stage XVII Phase lxviii a – lxix a (Early EB-III) is 100–300 years older than conventional archaeo-historical time estimates. As the beginning of the Chalcolithic in the Near East has “become” a 1000 years older, from about 4000 in the 1960s to about 5000 BC in current perception based on 14C dating, it should not be surprising that the Early Bronze Age and related Egyptian Dynasties also yield 14C dates that are older by a few hundred years than current archaeo-historical time frameworks. Egyptian chronology should not be regarded as ultimately fixed. Egyptologists in the first half of the 20th century gave much older dates for the earlier Dynasties. The new 14C evidence is overwhelmingly in favor of an older Early Bronze Age and older dates for Dynasties 1–6.
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Yang, Xiaoping, Nina Ma, Jufeng Dong, Bingqi Zhu, Bing Xu, Zhibang Ma, and Jiaqi Liu. "Recharge to the Inter-Dune Lakes and Holocene Climatic Changes in the Badain Jaran Desert, Western China." Quaternary Research 73, no. 1 (January 2010): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.009.
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We present new estimates on evaporation and groundwater recharge in the Badain Jaran Desert, western Inner Mongolia of northwestern China, based on a modified Penman Equation suitable for lakes in China. Geochemical data and water balance calculations suggest that local rainfall makes a significant contribution to groundwater recharge and that past lake-level variations in this desert environment should reflect palaeoclimatic changes. The chronology of lake-level change, established by radiocarbon and U-series disequilibrium dating methods, indicates high lake levels and a wetter climate beginning at ca. 10 ka and lasting until the late mid-Holocene in the Badain Jaran Desert. The greatest extension of lakes in the inter-dune depressions indicates that the water availability was greatest during the mid-Holocene. Relicts of Neolithic tools and pottery of Qijia Culture (2400–1900 BC) suggest relatively intensive human activity in the Badain Jaran Desert during the early and middle Holocene, supporting our interpretation of a less harsh environment. Wetter climates during the Holocene were likely triggered by an intensified East Asian summer monsoon associated with strong insolation.
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Grushin, S. P., I. V. Merts, V. K. Merts, V. V. Ilyushina, and A. V. Fribus. "Semiyarka IV burial complex of the Middle Bronze Age (Eastern Kazakhstan)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(53) (May 28, 2021): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-53-2-5.
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The paper is aimed at the analysis of the Middle Bronze Age materials from the Semiyarka IV burial ground in East Kazakhstan. In 2016–2018, two stone fences on the site were investigated by a joint expedition of the Altai and Pavlodar State Universities. The two fences contained human burials, inhumed in a wooden structure and in a composite stone cist box. The purpose of this work is to determine regional features and chronology of the Semiyarka IV funerary complex, as well as details of the ethnocultural development of the local population in the Middle Bronze Age. The research methodology includes analyses of the planigraphy and stratigraphy, compara-tive and typological study of the artifacts, anthropological investigation, examination of the pottery manufacturing technology, and radiocarbon dating. The technical and technological analysis of the pottery production was car-ried out using the method of A.A. Bobrinsky. Radiocarbon dates from wood and human bone samples were ob-tained by the liquid scintillation method in the archaeological technology laboratory of the Institute for the History of the Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The dates were then calibrated using CALIB 8.2 program and IntCal 20 calibration curve. The body of collected data allows us to conclude that the Andronovo burial ground of Semiyarka IV is distinguished by its syncretism which is manifested in two different cultural com-ponents. The first component, ‘Central Kazakhstan’, is represented by the architectural traditions of building stone fences and graves cemented with a clay mortar, as well as by the presence of chamotte in the pottery containing additives traditional for the population of Central Kazakhstan. The second component, ‘Siberian’, is represented by the tradition of building wooden crypts, and in the ceramics complex, by some peculiar ornamental patterns typical of the eastern Ob River valley. The site is dated to the turn of the 18th/17th –16th c. BC. The architectural similarities of the Semiyarka IV burial ground structures with the Yenisei sites suggest that their origin is associ-ated with the Irtysh River region. The migration period of the mobile Andronovo communities to the northeast is dated to the 17th c. BC.
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Chen, Yanping, Yan Li, Wenzhe Lyu, Dong Xu, Xibin Han, Tengfei Fu, and Liang Yi. "A 5000-Year Sedimentary Record of East Asian Winter Monsoon from the Northern Muddy Area of the East China Sea." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121376.
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The variability of the winter monsoon is one of the key components of the Asian monsoon, significantly influencing paleoenvironmental evolution in East Asia. However, whether the winter or the summer monsoon is the dominated factor controlling sedimentary dynamics of the muddy areas of the continental shelves of the East China Sea is debated, due to lack of consistency between various winter monsoon proxies in previous studies. In this work, the sediments of the upper part of core ECS-DZ1 with several marine surface samples were studied in terms of sediment grain size and radiocarbon dating, and changes in sedimentary dynamics of the northern muddy area of the ECS over the past 5000 years were documented. The main findings are as follows: (1) regional sedimentary dynamics were low and did not significantly change since the middle Holocene; (2) coarse particles are the dominated component in the sediments; (3) a proxy can be derived to indicate changes in winter monsoon. Based on this reconstructed winter monsoon record, we found that this record was generally negatively correlated to the stalagmite-based summer monsoon variability over the past 3500 years, but positively correlated before that. Moreover, this record can be well correlated to changes in the Kuroshio Current and the Bond ice-rafting debris events in the North Atlantic on millennial timescales, inferring large-scale and common atmospheric dynamics across the Asian continent over the past 5000 years. Therefore, we concluded that the winter monsoon is the predominant factor controlling sedimentary dynamics in the northern part of the ECS and proposed that the contribution of coarse particles may be one of potential indices to identify the role of the winter and the summer monsoons in sedimentary evolution.
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Allen, Sandra M., and Dan J. Smith. "Late Holocene glacial activity of Bridge Glacier, British Columbia Coast Mountains." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1753–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-059.
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Bridge Glacier is a prominent eastward-flowing valley glacier located on the east side of the Pacific Ranges within the southern British Columbia Coast Mountains. The terminus of Bridge Glacier has retreated at rates up to 125 m/year over the last 50 years and currently calves into proglacial Bridge Lake. Field investigations of the recently deglaciated terrain and moraines led to the discovery of detrital boles and glacially sheared stumps. Dendroglaciological analyses of this subfossil wood produced five radiocarbon-controlled floating tree-ring chronologies. The relative age and stratigraphic location of these samples revealed that Bridge Glacier experienced at least four periods of significant advance during the late Holocene: a Tiedemann-aged advance ca. 3000 14C years BP, an unattributed advance ca. 1900 14C years BP, a first millennium advance ca. 1500 14C years BP, and a Little Ice Age advance beginning ca. 700 14C years BP. Lichenometric investigations at eight terminal and lateral moraine complexes identified early Little Ice Age moraine stabilization during the late 13th to early 14th centuries, with subsequent ice-front oscillations ending in the middle 15th, early 16th, middle to late 17th, early 18th, middle to late 19th, and early 20th centuries. These investigations build upon previous research and compliment recent geobotanical evidence emerging from other glaciers in this region that describe multiple late Holocene glacier advances. The discovery of a glacially sheared whitebark pine stump dating to 1500 ± 50 14C years BP provides irrevocable proof for an advance of Bridge Glacier during a time when glaciers throughout Pacific North America were also expanding.
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Schwartz, David P. "Space-time Clustering of Large Earthquakes: A Western U. S. Perspective with Implications for the East." Seismological Research Letters 59, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.59.4.318.
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Abstract Results of ongoing paleoseismicity studies along the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, and Lost River fault zone, Idaho, suggest that spatial and temporal clustering of large magnitude surface-faulting earthquakes occur on each. The timing of individual past events is based primarily on radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating of faulted deposits and on identification of displaced volcanic ashes, all observed in trenches. Figure 1 shows the faulting history of the Wasatch for the past 6 ka. Even though there is variability, distinct patterns emerge. Five of the seven active segments ruptured between 0.3 and 1 ka; if the Salt Lake segment is included, six segments have ruptured between 0.3 and 1.5 ka. From Salt Lake south, a similar sequence of events occurred between about 4.5 and 6 ka. Figure 2 shows timing of events along the Lost River during the past 12 ka. No events occurred from at least 12 ka until middle Holocene. Between 5.5 and 8 ka the northern three segments ruptured; actual timing of events could have been considerably closer. The Thousand Springs segment produced the 1983, MS 7.3, Borah Peak earthquake. These observations suggest thousands of years of quiescence can occur between clusters of activity during which adjacent segments fail in short periods of time (hours, months, decades, a few hundred years?). Segments adjacent to historical ruptures may have a higher potential to produce the next earthquakes, especially if they have elapsed times similar to the historical rupture segment. Similar clustering with even longer periods of quiescence could characterize seismic sources in the East.
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Thomas, Christopher, James Rackham, A. J. Barham, N. Branch, J. Glorgi, D. Goodburn, J. Lowe, et al. "Bramcote Green, Bermondsey: a Bronze Age Trackway and Palaeo-Environmental Sequence." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 62 (1996): 221–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00002796.
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An archaeological evaluation and excavation were carried out prior to a housing development in 1992, at Bramcote Green, in the London Borough of Southwark. Up to 3 m of organic rich, alluvial clay silts were deposited during the late Glacial period between about 12,000 BP and 9000 BP. A wide, shallow channel flowing south towards the Thames cut through the clay silts during the early Holocene and was filled with a series of clay and peat layers. Between 6000 BP and 4000 BP fast moving water channels formed on the marshy ground on the east side of the site and broader channels on the sand and gravel outcrop on the west side of the site. A subsequent rise in water levels, possibly seasonal, deposited inorganic muds across most of the site until c. 3500 BP. Over the filled-in channel were laid two phases of a wooden trackway which may have been laid across the marsh between high ground to the south and Bermondsey Island to the north. The earlier trackway consisted of two parallel lines of alder logs held in place by alder stakes. The second consisted of a single line of oak logs with alder stakes along one side. Radiocarbon dating of the second trackway places it in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The site was covered by a thick layer of peat dated to the Late Bronze Age.
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Wilmsen, Edwin N., and James R. Denbow. "The Middens at Tora Nju and Their Adjacent Stone Enclosure." Journal of African Archaeology 15, no. 1 (December 7, 2017): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340005.
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Abstract Tora Nju is the local name for a collapsed stone walled enclosure situated approximately 20km from Sowa Spit, 200 m south of the Mosetse River, and 7 km east of the present strandline of Sowa Pan. The site that takes its name from this ruin includes several midden areas containing pottery, stone tools, and faunal remains along with house structures and grain bins. Excavations were carried out in parts of all these site components. The middens contained a moderately rich suite of materials including sherds, glass and shell beads, metal, and animal bones. The enclosure, however, yielded very little. Consequently, we concentrate here first on the middens before turning to the enclosure. Typical Khami vessel forms predominate throughout the midden stratigraphy; a few midden sherds are comparable with Lose wares in part contemporary with Khami ceramics. A possible earlier Leopard’s Kopje presence is also indicated. Glass beads characteristic of Khami Indo-Pacific series were also recovered from all midden levels. Three charcoal samples yielded contradictory radiocarbon dates for the middens, and we have no direct means for dating the enclosure. We evaluate evidence for a takeover of Sowa salt production by the Khami state sometime in the early 15th century. Finally, we examine historical records and incorporate current linguistic and dna studies of Khoisan and Bantu speakers to illuminate the social history of the Tora Nju region.
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Preunkert, Susanne, Michel Legrand, Stanislav Kutuzov, Patrick Ginot, Vladimir Mikhalenko, and Ronny Friedrich. "The Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice core record – Part 1: reconstruction of past anthropogenic sulfur emissions in south-eastern Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 22 (November 22, 2019): 14119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14119-2019.
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Abstract. This study reports on the glaciochemistry of a deep ice core (182 m long) drilled in 2009 at Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia. Radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice suggests that the basal ice dates to 280±400 CE (Common Era). Based on chemical stratigraphy, the upper 168.6 m of the core was dated by counting annual layers. The seasonally resolved chemical records cover the years 1774–2009 CE, thus being useful to reconstruct many aspects of atmospheric pollution in south-eastern Europe from pre-industrial times to the present day. After having examined the extent to which the arrival of large dust plumes originating from the Sahara and Middle East modifies the chemical composition of the Elbrus (ELB) snow and ice layers, we focus on the dust-free sulfur pollution. The ELB dust-free sulfate levels indicate a 6- and 7-fold increase from 1774–1900 to 1980–1995 in winter and summer, respectively. Remaining close to 55±10 ppb during the 19th century, the annual dust-free sulfate levels started to rise at a mean rate of ∼3 ppb per year from 1920 to 1950. The annual increase accelerated between 1950 and 1975 (8 ppb per year), with levels reaching a maximum between 1980 and 1990 (376±10 ppb) and subsequently decreasing to 270±18 ppb at the beginning of the 21st century. Long-term dust-free sulfate trends observed in the ELB ice cores are compared with those previously obtained in Alpine and Altai (Siberia) ice, with the most important differences consisting in a much earlier onset and a more pronounced decrease in the sulfur pollution over the last 3 decades in western Europe than south-eastern Europe and Siberia.
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Sumantri, Dirga Imam Gozali, Dicky A. S. Soeria Atmadja, and Pindi Setiawan. "Sangkulirang Mangkalihat: The Earliest Prehistoric Rock-Art in the World." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-108-2018.
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Borneo island, a part of Sundaland &ndash; a great mainland in South East Asia thousands of years ago &ndash; is the largest island in Indonesian Archipelago. In the middle-eastern of East Borneo, lies a peninsula karst region named Sangkulirang Mangkalihat. The region’s biodiversity contains many species of flora and fauna which are part of karst ecosystem.<br> Surprisingly, thousands prehistoric rock art paintings and engraving were found here, spread over 48 inland caves in seven different karst mountain areas. The rock arts are painted on the ceiling, wall, and hollow of the cave depends on the meaning. They illustrate forms such as spiritual images (zoomorphic and antropomorphic) for sacred spiritual meaning, and social phenomenon images (tools and weapons) for description of daily life. From all those rock-arts, hand paintings are the most common elements appeared. Compared to other paintings, these are the only negative images using different techniques.<br> Radiocarbon dating indicated that the rock-arts at Tewet Cave in Sangkulirang Mangkalihat is 40,000&thinsp;BP. It is much earlier compared to Lascaux Cave (35,400&thinsp;BP) and Chauvet Cave (32,000) in France which were previously known as the earliest one in the world.<br> Rock arts and some archeological findings also indicate the migration of Austronesian People. During the migration, Borneo’s climate and land cover were changing from time to time. Continental climate occurred when all Sundaland was still dry (40,000&ndash;21,000&thinsp;BP), followed by tropical savanna climate and archipelagic climate (12,000&ndash;7.000&thinsp;BP), and then Tropical Rainforest consecutively (1,000&thinsp;BP). Correlatively, geological interpretations from such areas indicate land cover changes. These changes effected Austronesian ways of living, e.g. from hunting to fishing, and were depicted clearly on their paintings.<br> Today, &ndash; as observed from time series satellite images &ndash; industrial activities such as karst exploitation for cement production and land clearing for palm oil plantation are threatening Sangkulirang Mangkalihat as they are approaching this particular areas. Efforts were conducted to preserve these particular sites, from establishing local regulations to a great step to propose it as one of UNESCO’s World Cultural Heritage.<br> To disseminate its importance as the world’s earliest known rock arts, a particular map should be designed. The map should be able to describe multiple aspects regarding these sites, i.e. its location and position among other world rock arts, detail locations in the sites, climate and geomorphological changes occurred and its effects to these rock arts, its correlation to prehistoric migration, and threats faced today from industrial activities. An integrated, multiscale representation of such geospatial informations is considered.
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Loveday, R., A. Gibson, P. D. Marshall, A. Bayliss, C. Bronk Ramsey, and H. van der Plicht. "The Antler Maceheads Dating Project." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73 (2007): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00027341.
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This paper reports the first examples of direct radiocarbon measurements from antler maceheads, demonstrating that both the middle Thames specimens and those from northern Britain date to the second half of the 4th millennium cal BC. This suggests a degree of contemporaneity between riverine activity in the south and ‘prestige’ burial in the north, although the possibility that this is a function of the radiocarbon calibration curve cannot be discounted. The possibility that lattice decorated maceheads can be regarded as prototypes for the Maesmore series of fine stone maceheads is considered but the failure of two out of three decorated examples to produce radiocarbon determinations means that the debate cannot yet be settled.
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Mamakowa, Kazimiera, and Piotr Gębica. "Pollen analysis of a peaty mud sample from the Dunajec River alluvial fan (Sandomierz Basin, Poland) in the context of its morphological position, radiocarbon dating, and comparison with neighbouring sites." Acta Palaeobotanica 55, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2015-0004.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a peaty mud sample from a gravel-sand outlier of the Vistulian alluvial fan of the Dunajec River. The study showed the occurrence of open birch-pine forests with sporadic larch and stone pine at the time of mud deposition. The vegetation, of park tundra type, was characterised by the development of shrubby and sedge-grass communities. The radiocarbon dating of 39 100 ± 3000 BP indicates that deposition occurred in the Middle Plenivistulian (Hengelo interstadial or older, colder climatic stadial). A comparison of the palynological analysis and radiocarbon dating with data from other sites suggests that both the alluvia of the north-western part of the Dunajec River fan and the alluvia of its southern part were formed during the Middle Plenivistulian.
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Bruins, Hendrik J., and Johannes van der Plicht. "Radiocarbon Dating the “Wilderness of Zin”." Radiocarbon 49, no. 2 (2007): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200042417.
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An important archaeological survey was conducted by Leonard Woolley and T E Lawrence in 1914 on behalf of the Palestine Exploration Fund in the Negev and northeastern Sinai deserts—the “Wilderness of Zin.” The region of Ain Kadeis, associated by some scholars in the 19th century with biblical Kadesh-Barnea, received much attention in their survey and discussions. Concerning the vexed question of Kadesh-Barnea, Woolley and Lawrence gave their preference for the nearby Ain el Qudeirat Valley, and in particular the ancient tell. Their survey contributed significantly in the shaping of scholarly opinion on the matter, even until today. But modern surveys and excavations failed to identify any archaeological remnants of the 2nd millennium BCE in the above regions, thereby putting the above associations in question. The Middle Bronze Age II, Late Bronze Age, and Iron Age I that cover this millennium are considered missing in the area in archaeological terms. However, our research reveals that archaeological remains of the 2nd millennium BCE do exist in the region, as determined chronologically by radiocarbon dating. A geoarchaeological approach is required to investigate terraced fields in wadis, which contain a unique record of human activity in these desert regions.
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Facorellis, Yorgos, and John E. Coleman. "Interpreting Radiocarbon Dates from Neolithic Halai, Greece." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004710x.
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Archaeological investigations at Halai, a small city-state on the sea coast of East Lokris in Greece, have been carried out since 1986 by the Cornell Halai and East Lokris Project (CHELP). The town's acropolis, first inhabited in the Neolithic period, was in Greco-Roman times a political and cultural center controlling and serving a considerable territory. Radiocarbon dating of charred material unearthed from Neolithic deposits indicate that the Neolithic occupation probably lasted from about 6000 to 5300 BC. Details of dating are somewhat problematic, however, because of outlying determinations and lack of close agreement between determinations from the same or stratigraphically comparable material.
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Kuzmin, Yaroslav. "Radiocarbon chronology of the paleolithic modern humans in Eastern Europe, Siberia and East Asia." Camera Praehistorica 5, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2020-2-122-146.
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The article presents an analytical review of the direct radiocarbon dating of fossils of the modern anatomical humans (Homo sapiens sapiens; H. s. s.) found on the Paleolithic sites of Eastern Europe, Siberia and East Asia, with a brief overview of other regions in Eurasia. While one of the most ancient finds in Eurasia, which has a direct radiocarbon date is the Ust’-Ishim in Western Siberia (age — about 45,000 years); in Eastern Europe, the earliest H. s. s. are Kostenki 14 and Kostenki 1 (age — about 37,400–35,500 years). For a number of finds (such as Kostenki 18 and humans fossils from the Sungir site), there are serious problems that need to be solved with the help of new data. This is particularly clear for the Sungir where 21 radiocarbon dates based on different collagen fractions (bulk collagen; ultrafiltered collagen, and hydroxyproline), have been obtained and dates of the samples taken from the same skeleton often do not match with each other. Methodological issues of radiocarbon dating the bones, and the possibility of an independent assessment of the results obtained, are also considered. When preservation of collagen is good, which can be controlled through a number of parameters, dating of bulk collagen fraction seems to be reliable. Claims that only specific amino acids (such as hydroxyproline) give the only accurate radiocarbon dates for bones have not been strictly proven.
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Väliranta, Minna, Anu Kaakinen, and Peter Kuhry. "Holocene climate and landscape evolution East of the Pechora Delta, East-European Russian Arctic." Quaternary Research 59, no. 3 (May 2003): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00041-3.
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AbstractThis study presents a multiproxy record of Holocene environmental change in the region East of the Pechora Delta. A peat plateau profile (Ortino II) is analyzed for plant macrofossils, sediment type, loss on ignition, and radiocarbon dating. A paleosol profile (Ortino III) is described and radiocarbon dated. A previously published peat plateau profile (Ortino I) was analyzed for pollen and conifer stomata, loss on ignition, and radiocarbon dating. The interpretation of the latter site is reassessed in view of new evidence. Spruce immigrated to the study area at about 8900 14C yr B.P. Peatland development started at approximately the same time. During the Early Holocene Hypsithermal taiga forests occupied most of the present East-European tundra and peatlands were permafrost free. Cooling started after 5000 14C yr B.P., resulting in a retreat of forests and permafrost aggradation. Remaining forests disappeared from the study area around 3000 14C yr B.P., coinciding with more permafrost aggradation. The retreat of forests resulted in landscape instability and the redistribution of sand by eolian activity. The displacement of the Arctic forest line and permafrost zones indicates a warming of at least 2–3°C in mean July and annual temperatures during the Early Holocene. At least two cooling periods can be recognized for the second half of the Holocene, starting at about 4800 and 3000 14C yr B.P.
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Komar, O. V. "EXPERIENCE OF USE OF THE RADIOCARBON METHOD DATING OF EARLY SLAVIC SITES FROM UKRAINE (1970—1987)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 30, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.01.20.
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The introduction of radiocarbon dating method in USSR and Ukrainian archeology was much slower compared to world practice. Natural scientific methods of dating in archeology have found quick application for the study of prehistoric sites — from the Paleolithic to the late Bronze Age. Much more time passed before the method began to be used for dating of sites of the 1st and 2nd millennium AD.
The initiative of serial sampling from the medieval archaeological complexes of Ukraine for radiocarbon analysis initially came not from archaeologists. This led at the first stage to a confrontation between traditional archaeological methods of analysis and the new «revolutionary» approaches of the natural sciences.
In 1968 mathematician A. S. Buhai collected 63 samples of charcoal from different parts of the «Zmievi Valy» («Snake Ramparts») and hillforts of the Kyiv region. At least 34 results were obtained from 3 different laboratories. All results attributed the time of existence of fortifications not to the Middle Ages, but to the 2nd century BC — 7th century AD, what caused the emergence of the sensational concept of the Early Slavic state in the Middle Dnieper region long before the formation of the Old Rus’ state.
Institute of Archaeology (Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR) has developed a big project for complex researches of these fortifications led by M. P. Kuchera. During 1974—1985, many fortifications of «Zmievi Valy» in different regions were studied archaeologically. The facts of overlapping of settlements of the 3th—7th centuries AD by ramparts as well as the presence of Old Rus’ artifacts of the 10th—13th centuries in the body of wooden and earth structures of ramparts were recorded. Stratigraphic and archaeological data confidently dated the ramparts to the Middle Ages, while 28 radiocarbon dates for samples, carefully selected from wooden constructions of fortifications, showed a chaotic spread of dates from the 24th century BC until the 14th century AD. The verdict of M. P. Kuchera on the possibility of using the radiocarbon dating method for the archeology of Middle Ages was naturally negative.
Geologist L. V. Firsov faced a similar problems after collecting in 1970 of 57 samples from archaeological complexes of Chersonesos and 33 samples from other sites of Crimea. Believing in the high accuracy of the radiocarbon dating method, he tried to explain the wide scatter of radiocarbon dates from the same medieval objects by their existence for half a millennium, what was rejected by archaeologists.
The Institute Archeology and the Radiocarbon Laboratory of the Institute of Geochemistry and Mineral Physics af the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR managed joint project to get answers to the topical questions of Ukrainian archaeologists concerning the possibilities of the radiocarbon dating method in archeology. Two institutes approved a joint plan theme for 1973—1978 «Determination of the age of archeological sites by the natural scientific methods», for which a Coordination Council was established, led by D. Ya. Telegin and E. V. Sobotovich. According to the first report of the group, 237 samples were collected from various archaeological sites, for which 148 datings were successfully obtained (62.4 %).
Cooperation continued further, but radiocarbon dates for archaeological cultures of the historical period from Ukraine had a little accuracy again on this stage of the radiocarbon method development (1974—1987). Thus, out of 31 examined medieval samples only 5 matched to archeological datings. 12 samples from sites of 6th — 10th centuries gave 7 dates, only 4 of them were in agreement with archaeological dating. For 12 samples from sites of Zarubyntsi and Chernyakhiv cultures 5 dates were received, and only one was in agreement with archaeological dating. The problem of the difference in these cases cannot be solved with the help of modern calibration of radiocarbon dates.
After the complete fiasco of the initial stage of the radiocarbon dating of the medieval archaeological objects from Ukraine (1970—1973), a small step forward was made in 1974—1987. But this did not convince archaeologists in the rationality of using the method of radiocarbon dating for cultures with a wide choice of dating markers. The situation remained stable until the present stage of development of the accelerator mass spectrometry dating which makes again actual the renewal of the program of radiocarbon dating for the Early Slavic cultures of the 1st millennium AD.
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Krus, Anthony M., and Charles R. Cobb. "THE MISSISSIPPIAN FIN DE SIÈCLE IN THE MIDDLE CUMBERLAND REGION OF TENNESSEE." American Antiquity 83, no. 2 (April 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.1.
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Bayesian chronological modeling is used to investigate the chronology for a large-scale human depopulation event during the Mississippian period (AD 1000–1600) known as the Vacant Quarter phenomenon. The Middle Cumberland region (MCR) of Tennessee is within the Vacant Quarter area, and six villages from the final phase of Mississippian activity in the MCR have been subjected to radiocarbon dating. Complete radiocarbon datasets from these sites are presented within an interpretative Bayesian statistical framework. The results provide a unique history of each settlement and demonstrate that Mississippian occupations at each site likely terminated in the mid- to late fifteenth and possibly early sixteenth centuries AD, which is 50 to 100 years later than the most recent estimate for the timing of the Vacant Quarter. Mississippian abandonment in the MCR was relatively quick, likely occurring over less than a century. The exact reasons for abandonment are not entirely clear but appear to be linked to climate change. A radiocarbon simulation experiment indicates that future robust radiocarbon dating with well-selected samples could greatly improve the chronological precision for this late Mississippian activity. More broadly, this example demonstrates that model building with radiocarbon simulations can be used to address regional-scale chronological issues within the American Southeast and beyond.
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Bennike, Ole, and Claus Andreasen. "Radiocarbon dating of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) remains from Greenland." Polar Record 43, no. 4 (October 2007): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247407006754.
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ABSTRACTRadiocarbon age determinations of 32 walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) remains show that the species has been a member of the Greenland fauna since at least the middle Holocene. The oldest date is 7280–7160 calendar years BP. However, most dated remains come from archaeological sites and are of late Holocene age
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Melles, Martin, Sergey R. Verkulich, and Wolf-D. Hermichen. "Radiocarbon dating of lacustrine and marine sediments from the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 6, no. 3 (September 1994): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410209400057x.
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Radiocarbon dating was carried out on the total organic carbon of 19 lacustrine and marine sediment samples from the Bunger Hills. The results indicate that radiocarbon contamination is negligible throughout two sediment sequences from a fresh water lake. In contrast, two sequences from marine basins are irregularly influenced by the Antarctic Marine Reservoir Effect, which today amounts to more than 1000 years, depending on the degree of dilution with meltwater. All dated sediments were deposited during Holocene time.
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Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. "Radiocarbon Chronology for Prehistoric Complexes of the Russian Far East: 15 Years Later." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003382220004738x.
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The recent progress in radiocarbon dating of the prehistoric cultural complexes in the Russian Far East is discussed against the background of ancient chronologies for greater East Asia. Since 1997, the wide use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating along with the continuation of conventional dating has allowed us to establish the age of several key Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Paleometal sites. It has also contributed to advancing a deeper understanding of the timing for the beginning of pottery production, maritime adaptation, and agriculture, and several other important issues in prehistoric chronology for the studied region. Reservoir age correction values for the Japan and Okhotsk seas are now used to adjust the age for samples of marine origin. Some of the cultural-chronological models for prehistoric far eastern Russian complexes put forward in the last 10 yr lack a solid basis, and are critically evaluated herein.
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Higham, T. F. G., R. M. Jacobi, and C. Bronk Ramsey. "AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Ancient Bone Using Ultrafiltration." Radiocarbon 48, no. 2 (2006): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200066388.
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The Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) has used an ultrafiltration protocol to further purify gelatin from archaeological bone since 2000. In this paper, the methodology is described, and it is shown that, in many instances, ultrafiltration successfully removes low molecular weight contaminants that less rigorous methods may not. These contaminants can sometimes be of a different radiocarbon age and, unless removed, may produce erroneous determinations, particularly when one is dating bones greater than 2 to 3 half-lives of 14C and the contaminants are of modern age. Results of the redating of bone of Late Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic age from the British Isles and Europe suggest that we may need to look again at the traditional chronology for these periods.
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Bonani, Georges, Herbert Haas, Zahi Hawass, Mark Lehner, Shawki Nakhla, John Nolan, Robert Wenke, and Willy Wölfli. "Radiocarbon Dates of Old and Middle Kingdom Monuments in Egypt." Radiocarbon 43, no. 3 (2001): 1297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038558.
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Between 1984 and 1995 over 450 organic samples were collected from monuments built during the Old and Middle Kingdoms. The most suitable samples were selected for dating. The purpose was to establish a radiocarbon chronology with samples from secure context and collected with the careful techniques required for 14C samples. This chronology is compared to the historical chronology established by reconstructing written documentation.
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Gore, Damian B. "Blanketing snow and ice; constraints on radiocarbon dating deglaciation in East Antarctic oases." Antarctic Science 9, no. 3 (September 1997): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000412.
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Radiocarbon dating of marine, lacustrine or terrestrial biogenic deposits is the main technique used to determine when deglaciation of the oases of East Antarctica occurred. However, at many of the oases of East Antarctica, including the Schirmacher Oasis, Stillwell Hills, Amery Oasis, Larsemann Hills, Taylor Islands and Grearson Oasis, snow and ice presently forms extensive blankets that fills valleys and some lake basins, covers perennial lake ice and in places overwhelms local topography to form ice domes up to hundreds of square kilometres in area. Field observations from Larsemann Hills and Taylor Islands suggest that under these conditions, terrestrial and lacustrine biogenic sedimentation is neither widespread nor abundant. If similar conditions prevailed in and around the oases immediately following retreat of the ice sheet, then a lengthy hiatus might exist between deglaciation and the onset of widespread or abundant biogenic sedimentation. As a result, radiocarbon dating might be a clumsy tool with which to reconstruct deglaciation history, and independent dating methods that record emergence of the hilltops from the continental ice must be employed as well.
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Liiva, Arvi, and Ilze Loze. "Mesolithic and Neolithic Habitation of the Eastern Baltic." Radiocarbon 35, no. 3 (1993): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200060537.
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In this paper we consider the radiocarbon chronology of Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement sites in the eastern Baltic region. Dating of wood and charcoal from Estonian and Latvian sites establishes the periods (early, middle and late) within these epochs. We present 90 14C dates, as yet unpublished in radiocarbon, produced by laboratories in Riga, Tallin, Tartu, Leningrad and Moscow.
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Bruins, H. J., and W. G. Mook. "The Need for a Calibrated Radiocarbon Chronology of Near Eastern Archaeology." Radiocarbon 31, no. 03 (1989): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200012662.
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Progress in radiocarbon dating and calibration accuracy should lead to the development of a calibrated radiocarbon chronology of Near Eastern archaeology, particulary for historical times. The lack of such an independent and impartial chronology is a major constraint, not only in archaeological studies, but also for interdisciplinary research involving the history of man, landscape and climate in the Near East and adjacent regions.
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Hoard, Robert J., William E. Banks, Rolfe D. Mandel, Michael Finnegan, and Jennifer E. Epperson. "A Middle Archaic Burial from East Central Kansas." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128445.
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In late 2001, investigators excavated a solitary Middle Archaic burial from the Plains-Prairie border in east-central Kansas. The burial was contained in a dissected colluvial apron at the foot of the valley wall, in a soil horizon that began accumulating around 9000 B.P. Burial goods include deer bone, a drill, and a side-notched projectile point/knife, the morphology of which is consistent with side-notched Middle Archaic points of the North American Central Plains and Midwest. Use-wear analysis shows that the stone tools were used before being placed with the burial and were not manufactured specifically as burial goods. A radiocarbon assay of the deer bone in direct association with the burial yielded a radiocarbon age of 6160 ± 35 B.P. This is one of only a few burials older than 5,000 years in the region. Comparison of this burial to other coeval regional burials shows similarities in burial practices.
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Higham, Thomas, Fiona Brock, Marco Peresani, Alberto Broglio, Rachel Wood, and Katerina Douka. "Problems with radiocarbon dating the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Italy." Quaternary Science Reviews 28, no. 13-14 (June 2009): 1257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018.
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Theodórsson, Pall. "Balanced-Energy Counting Window for Stable Liquid Scintillation Radiocarbon Dating." Radiocarbon 53, no. 2 (2011): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056563.
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This paper describes an optimal radiocarbon counting window for liquid scintillation (LS) 14C dating that secures for unquenched as well as for heavily quenched dating samples maximal stability of 14C counting efficiency and theoretically minimal quench correction. In high-precision dating, a balanced counting window with fixed channel limits is frequently used, where about 3% of the highest part of the 14C spectrum is sacrificed for high 14C counting stability. The stability is, however, diminished for quenched samples. Therefore, this window is here replaced by a balanced fixed-energy 14C counting window where the channel limits depend on the quench level. The LS system used must have a linear amplifier and a multichannel analyzer. All samples are measured at a fixed high voltage. For energy calibration and determination of the quench level, the channel number of the middle of the 59.5-keV peak from an external 241Am gamma source is determined before and after measuring each sample. This counting mode is valuable in high-precision dating. It could be widely applied if adapted to systems with a logarithmic amplifier, generally used in LS dating.
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Keates, S. G. "The Chronology of Pleistocene Modern Humans in China, Korea, and Japan." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 428–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045483.
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The chronological status of Pleistocene fossils of early modern humans in the People's Republic of China is based almost exclusively on indirect dating of the stratigraphic context and faunal and radiocarbon dating of associated or supposedly associated archaeological specimens. A similar pattern is observed in Korea and Japan. This paper examines the 14C and other dating techniques of early modern humans in East Asia to gain a more complete and up-to-date understanding of their chronology.
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Quarta, G., M. D'Elia, E. Ingravallo, I. Tiberi, and L. Calcagnile. "The Neolithic Site of Serra Cicora: Results of the AMS Radiocarbon Dating." Radiocarbon 47, no. 2 (2005): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200019706.
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Bone and charcoal samples from the Neolithic site of Serra Cicora in the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy) have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Measurements appear to support other archaeological evidence and have shown that 2 distinct phases of human occupation of the site can be identified: the first occupation in the Early Neolithic and a second occupation in the Middle-Late Neolithic. The results provide new information and are a fundamental contribution to the definition of the absolute chronology of the Middle-Late Neolithic in this part of Europe.
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Mahaney, William C., Michael G. Boyer, and Nathaniel W. Rutter. "Evaluation of Amino Acid Composition as a Geochronometer in Buried Soils on Mount Kenya, East Africa." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 40, no. 2 (December 4, 2007): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032637ar.
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ABSTRACT A sequence of surface and buried paleosols from the slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa, has been identified and dated by radiocarbon and amino acid dating techniques in order to elucidate the Quaternary history of the area. Buried paleosols vary in radiocarbon age from 900 to > 40,000 yrs BP. They have developed in glacial and periglacial deposits of variable texture, consisting of a high percentage of clasts of phonolite, basalt and syenite. All but two paleosols are located in the Afroalpine zone (above 3200 m). D/L ratios of amino acids in Ab horizons were determined in order to establish their reliability for relative age dating. Alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were routinely analyzed. Aspartic acid, as in other cases, proved reliable yielding remarkably consistent results, with higher ratios corresponding to increasing age. Other acids analyzed showed distinct trends, although not as convincing as aspartic acid. In most cases, the aspartic acid ratio/ age relationships were supported by radiocarbon dates. D/L ratios of aspartic acid varied from approximately 0.07 for modern samples, to approximately 0.45 in samples > 40,000 years old.