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Journal articles on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Minchin, Peter E. H., and Michael R. Thorpe. "Using the short-lived isotope 11C in mechanistic studies of photosynthate transport." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 8 (2003): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03008.
Tracer techniques have been central in studies of transport in plants. In the case of carbon, the only readily available radioactive tracer has been 14C, although 11C was used for a short time before 14C could be made. Tracers have usually had to be measured by destructive harvesting of the plant, giving a practical limit to the data resolution in both time and space. A major advantage of the short-lived, positron-emitting tracers, of which 11C is one example, is that in vivo measurement is possible, giving detailed time series of tracer data in many locations and opening up powerful new techniques of data analysis. Medical applications of these isotopes have utilised both dynamic imaging and time courses of uptake or washout. Unfortunately, few plant biology laboratories have realised the potential of these techniques, possibly because of the large physics infrastructure needed. In this paper we review the concepts behind the use of these short-lived tracers in plant physiology, and illustrate with several cases where 11C was an essential tool.
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Guery, Benoit P., Steve Nelson, Nathalie Viget, Patrice Fialdes, Warren R. Summer, Elizabeth Dobard, Gilles Beaucaire, and Carol M. Mason. "Fluorescein-labeled dextran concentration is increased in BAL fluid after ANTU-induced edema in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.842.
Several methodologies have been developed to assess alveolocapillary membrane permeability in acute lung injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of FITC-dextran compared with radioactive tracers to assess lung permeability alterations. After intraperitoneal administration of α-naphthylthiourea (ANTU, 50 mg/kg) or DMSO-ANTU vehicle, the animals were euthanized and their lungs were studied in an isolated-lung preparation. FITC-dextran or radiolabeled tracers were added to the perfusate. At 2 h the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the ANTU group showed a significantly greater amount of fluorescence in the supernatant after centrifugation of BAL fluid compared with the DMSO group. Consistent results were observed with the radioactive tracers: there was an increase in extravascular albumin space and extravascular lung water compared with the control group. No cleavage of the FITC from the dextran molecule was evident by chromatography comparing samples recovered from the BAL fluid to the pure FITC-dextran molecule. In conclusion, measurement of FITC-dextran in the supernatant of BAL fluid after intravascular administration is a reliable method of assessing lung permeability changes in vivo and ex vivo.
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Sharp, P. F. "The measurement of blood flow in humans using radioactive tracers." Physiological Measurement 15, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 339–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/15/4/001.
Hopkins, Susan R., Mark O. Wielpütz, and Hans-Ulrich Kauczor. "Imaging lung perfusion." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00320.2012.
From the first measurements of the distribution of pulmonary blood flow using radioactive tracers by West and colleagues ( J Clin Invest 40: 1–12, 1961) allowing gravitational differences in pulmonary blood flow to be described, the imaging of pulmonary blood flow has made considerable progress. The researcher employing modern imaging techniques now has the choice of several techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These techniques differ in several important ways: the resolution of the measurement, the type of contrast or tag used to image flow, and the amount of ionizing radiation associated with each measurement. In addition, the techniques vary in what is actually measured, whether it is capillary perfusion such as with PET and SPECT, or larger vessel information in addition to capillary perfusion such as with MRI and CT. Combined, these issues affect quantification and interpretation of data as well as the type of experiments possible using different techniques. The goal of this review is to give an overview of the techniques most commonly in use for physiological experiments along with the issues unique to each technique.
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Jødal, Lars, Pia Afzelius, Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, and Svend Borup Jensen. "Radiotracers for Bone Marrow Infection Imaging." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113159.
Introduction: Radiotracers are widely used in medical imaging, using techniques of gamma-camera imaging (scintigraphy and SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). In bone marrow infection, there is no single routine test available that can detect infection with sufficiently high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we review radiotracers used for imaging of bone marrow infection, also known as osteomyelitis, with a focus on why these molecules are relevant for the task, based on their physiological uptake mechanisms. The review comprises [67Ga]Ga-citrate, radiolabelled leukocytes, radiolabelled nanocolloids (bone marrow) and radiolabelled phosphonates (bone structure), and [18F]FDG as established radiotracers for bone marrow infection imaging. Tracers that are under development or testing for this purpose include [68Ga]Ga-citrate, [18F]FDG, [18F]FDS and other non-glucose sugar analogues, [15O]water, [11C]methionine, [11C]donepezil, [99mTc]Tc-IL-8, [68Ga]Ga-Siglec-9, phage-display selected peptides, and the antimicrobial peptide [99mTc]Tc-UBI29-41 or [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-UBI29-41. Conclusion: Molecular radiotracers allow studies of physiological processes such as infection. None of the reviewed molecules are ideal for the imaging of infections, whether bone marrow or otherwise, but each can give information about a separate aspect such as physiology or biochemistry. Knowledge of uptake mechanisms, pitfalls, and challenges is useful in both the use and development of medically relevant radioactive tracers.
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Phipps, R. J., W. M. Abraham, A. T. Mariassy, P. J. Torrealba, M. W. Sielczak, A. Ahmed, M. McCray, J. S. Stevenson, and A. Wanner. "Developmental changes in the tracheal mucociliary system in neonatal sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.2.824.
We studied the postnatal development of the tracheal epithelium and mucociliary system in neonatal sheep. Secretion of macromolecules (radiolabeled with 35SO4 and [3H]-threonine), unidirectional fluxes of Cl-, Na+, and water (measured with radioactive tracers), and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were measured in tracheal tissues in vitro. Tracheal mucus transport velocity (TMV) was measured in vivo. Sheep were studied at 0, 2, 4, 8, and greater than 24 (adult) wk after birth. In newborn sheep trachea, secretion of macromolecules was significantly elevated (cf. adults), and there was basal net secretion of Cl- under short-circuit and open-circuit conditions. This induced open-circuit secretion of Na+. Secretion of macromolecules decreased rapidly by 2 wk (by 40–50%) and was not different from adult values by 4 wk. Active Na+ absorption developed rapidly, and from 2 wk onward it predominated under open-circuit conditions, inducing net Cl- absorption. These changes in secretory function were associated with an age-related increase in TMV, whereas inherent tracheal CBF was unchanged. In sheep, therefore, the newborn's trachea has elevated secretion of macromolecules and secretes Cl- and liquid under basal conditions. Normal secretory function (a reduction in secretion of macromolecules coupled with net absorption of ions and presumably of liquid also) approaches adult function by 2–4 wk of age.
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Goodman, B. E., K. J. Kim, and E. D. Crandall. "Evidence for active sodium transport across alveolar epithelium of isolated rat lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 2460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.6.2460.
We have previously presented evidence that cultured alveolar epithelial cell monolayers actively transport sodium from medium to substratum, a process that can be inhibited by sodium transport blockers and stimulated by beta-agonists. In this study, the isolated perfused rat lung was utilized in order to investigate the presence of active sodium transport by intact adult mammalian alveolar epithelium. Radioactive tracers (22Na and [14C]sucrose) were instilled into the airways of isolated Ringer-perfused rat lungs whose weight was continuously monitored. The appearance of isotopes in the recirculated perfusate was measured, and fluxes and apparent permeability-surface area products were determined. A pharmacological agent (amiloride, ouabain, or terbutaline) was added to the perfusate during each experiment after a suitable control period. Amiloride and ouabain resulted in decreased 22Na fluxes and a faster rate of lung weight gain. Terbutaline resulted in increased 22Na flux and a more rapid rate of lung weight loss. [14C]sucrose fluxes were unchanged by the presence of these pharmacological agents. These data are most consistent with the presence of a regulable active component of sodium transport across intact mammalian alveolar epithelium that leads to removal of sodium from the alveolar space, with anions and water following passively. Regulation of the rate of sodium and fluid removal from the alveolar space may play an important role in the prevention and/or resolution of alveolar pulmonary edema.
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Edelman, J. L., H. Lin, and S. S. Miller. "Acidification stimulates chloride and fluid absorption across frog retinal pigment epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): C946—C956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.4.c946.
Radioactive tracers and a modified capacitance-probe technique were used to characterize the mechanisms that mediate Cl and fluid absorption across the bullfrog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid. In control (HCO3/CO2) Ringer solution, 36Cl was actively absorbed (retina to choroid) at a mean rate of 0.34 mu eq.cm-2.h-1 (n = 34) and accounted for approximately 25% of the short-circuit current. Apical bumetanide (100 microM) or basal 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS; 1 mM) inhibited active Cl transport by 70 and 62%, respectively. Active Cl absorption was doubled, either by removing HCO3 from the bathing media or by elevating CO2 from 5 to 13%, and the increased flux was inhibited by apical bumetanide or basal DIDS. Open-circuit measurements of fluid absorption rate (Jv) and the net fluxes of 36Cl, 22Na, and 86Rb (K substitute) indicated that CO2-induced acidification stimulated NaCl and fluid absorption across the RPE. During acidification, bumetanide produced a twofold larger inhibition of Jv compared with control. Stimulation of net Cl absorption was most likely caused by inhibition of the the basolateral membrane intracellular pH-dependent Cl-HCO3 exchanger.
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Bureau, M. F., C. D. Arreto, J. Lefort, and B. B. Vargaftig. "Albumin exchange and inflammatory cell recruitment in lungs of antigen-challenged guinea pigs: role of histamine." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.252.
Microvascular albumin exchange and sequestration of inflammatory cells into the lungs of anesthetized guinea pigs immunized to ovalbumin were evaluated using radioactive tracers. Increased exchange of radiolabeled (*) albumin from airways to blood was noted in immunized and boosted animals under basal conditions. After the intratracheal injection of 300 micrograms of ovalbumin, an additional increase in exchange through epithelium occurred, since the rate of appearance of *albumin in blood was enhanced compared with control (140 +/- 30 vs. 54 +/- 20% in 1 h). The augmentation of lung content in extravascular *albumin compared with control (16.2 +/- 4.0 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.6%) indicates that transendothelial exchange was also facilitated. Concomitment with the sequestration of *platelets into the lungs of antigen-challenged sensitized animals (59.2 +/- 20% in 1 h), leukocytes (> 60% polymorphonuclear neutrophils) did not marginate. Histamine released during antigenic shock might promote leukocyte demargination from the vascular bed through its vasomotor effect and/or by inhibiting leukocyte activation and consequently may counteract the effects of other inflammatory mediators acting to sequester neutrophils. In confirmation, perfusion of histamine to the immunized animals induced demargination of lung leukocytes. Histamine antagonists prevented the increased exchange of *albumin through the epithelial and endothelial barriers and uncovered *leukocyte sequestration (100.7 +/- 28.9% in 1 h) in the lungs of antigen-challenged animals. Histamine antagonists may favor antigen-induced leukocyte sequestration in the lungs by preventing the effects of endogenous histamine on capillary recruitment and blood flow.
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Hong, Yet Hoi, Tony Frugier, Xinmei Zhang, Robyn M. Murphy, Gordon S. Lynch, Andrew C. Betik, Stephen Rattigan, and Glenn K. McConell. "Glucose uptake during contraction in isolated skeletal muscles from neuronal nitric oxide synthase μ knockout mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00056.2015.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) significantly attenuates the increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction/exercise, and a greater attenuation is observed in individuals with Type 2 diabetes compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, NO appears to play an important role in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. In this study, we investigated the involvement of neuronal NOSμ (nNOSμ), the main NOS isoform activated during contraction, on skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction. Extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated from nNOSμ−/−and nNOSμ+/+mice. Muscles were contracted ex vivo in a temperature-controlled (30°C) organ bath with or without the presence of the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) and the NOS substrate L-arginine. Glucose uptake was determined by radioactive tracers. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake increased approximately fourfold during contraction in muscles from both nNOSμ−/−and nNOSμ+/+mice. L-NMMA significantly attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction in both genotypes. This attenuation was reversed by L-arginine, suggesting that L-NMMA attenuated the increase in muscle glucose uptake during contraction by inhibiting NOS and not via a nonspecific effect of the inhibitor. Low levels of NOS activity (∼4%) were detected in muscles from nNOSμ−/−mice, and there was no evidence of compensation from other NOS isoform or AMP-activated protein kinase which is also involved in mediating muscle glucose uptake during contraction. These results indicate that NO regulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake during ex vivo contraction independently of nNOSμ.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Duncan, Henry J. "An isotope washout technique to study skin perfusion pressure and vascular resistance in diabetes, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease /." Cover title, title page, table of contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdd911.pdf.
Altomonte, Stefano. "Cannabinoid receptor subtype-1 (CB1) ligands : synthesis and brain PET imaging with 11C and 18F radiotracers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=214832.
Sognstrup, Larsen Uffe. "New methods for simple and selective tritium labelling of drug candidates & synthetic studies towards crisamicin A /." Cph. : Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Department of Isotope Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2005. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/UffeSognstrupLarsen.htm.
Musolino, Manuele. "Development and use of [18F]FDR as a new powerful radiolabelling agent for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of hypoxia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=232411.
In recent years tumour hypoxia has been extensively investigated, mainly because it is a source of resistance to the common radio and chemo therapies. In fact, the low levels and heterogeneous distribution of oxygen in hypoxic microenvironment render ionizing radiation ineffective in treating cell proliferation. Furthermore, a low oxygen concentration promotes the activation of HIF-1 transcription factor, which favours the development of a more malignant and resistant cancer cell phenotype often associated with poor prognosis. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating hypoxia in vivo by means of radiotracers, which incorporates both a radioisotope and a hypoxia-sensitive function. The aim of this multidisciplinary project was to develop small libraries of radiolabelled compounds starting from the biological and chemical features of the two gold standard hypoxia PET tracers [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA as well as those of the promising new tracer [18F]HX4. These new radiocompounds display the following peculiar structural characteristics: a 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia-sensitive moiety, different spacers to modulate steric constraint, lipophilicity and metabolic stability and a fluorinated aldopentose sugar as prosthetic group (e.g. [18F]FDR). Two series of compounds were designed and developed based on the conjugation method used to introduce the prosthetic group, namely the oxime bond formation and the thiazolidine ring closure. Six radiotracers belonging to the oxime-derivatives series were tested in vitro on MCF7 breast cancer cell lines in hypoxic conditions and a lead radiocompound incorporating a cyclopropyl group was identified. This new hypoxia tracer showed a better kinetic profile than both [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in MCF7 cancer cell lines and comparable uptake values on a panel of different cancer cell lines, up to 120 min post administration at 1% of O2. These promising results will pave the way for futures in vivo studies.
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Blais, Jean-Simon. "Determination of alkyllead compounds and synthesis of alkyllead radiotracers." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66177.
Woodbury, Julie L. (Julie Lynn). "Internal Radiolabeling of Mycobacterial Antigens and Use in Macrophage Processing Studies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500936/.
Mycobacter avium complex serovars 4 and 20 were cultured in the presence of [3H] fucose, [3H]-methionine, and [3H]-mannose to specifically radiolabel the oligosaccharide of the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigens. Distribution of radioactivity in lipid was determined by thin-layer chromatographic methods. Examination of acid hydrolysates from radiolabeled antigens revealed that [3H]-methionine incorporated into methylated sugars in polar and apolar GPL components, whereas [3H]-mannose incorporated exclusively into the oligosaccharide of polar GPL antigens. Least incorporation of radiolabel into antigens was observed with [3H]-fucose. Use of radiolabeled serovar 4 antigens in macrophage uptake studies revealed maximum uptake to be slightly above 250 gg/ 3.2 x 105 cells. Timed experiments demonstrated that GPL antigens were relatively inert to degradation by resident peritoneal macrophages.
The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for obtaining a leukocyte button which most effectively will be subsequently labelled with 111In oxine. As in all radiopharmaceuticals, the highest radiopharmaceutical purity, or the fraction of total radioactivity in the desired radiopharmaceutical form (111In oxine leukocyte), the better the product. Many 111In ocine labelled leukocytes are contaminated by labelled platelets, red cells, and proteins, resulting in a “dirty” product. But with careful leukocyte culturing, sedimentation, centrifugation, and labelling, as demonstrated by this study, a highly desirable, pure radiopharmaceutical can be made. In an attempt to further purify the leukocyte button beyond centrifugation, hypotonic red cell lysing and its effect on leukocyte viability will be studied. The optimum incubation time will be determined by examining the leukocyte and red cell elution profiles at different incubation times. And, 0.9% saline washes of plasma and proteins from the leukocytes will be varied by both volume and number to determine if extra washes will optimize the labelling efficiency.
Books on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Alfred Benzon Symposium (31st 1990 Copenhagen, Denmark). Brain work and mental activity: Quantitative studies with radioactive tracers : proceedings of the Alfred Benzon Symposium 31 held at the premises of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen, August 12-16, 1990. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1991.
Fernando Martínez de Toda Fernández. Estudio de los efectos del despunte en la vid mediante la utilización de radisotopos. Logroño: Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja, 1985.
Vsesoi͡uznoe soveshchanie po probleme "Fiziologicheski aktivnye soedinenii͡a, mechennye radioaktivnymi i stabilʹnymi izotopami" (3rd 1991 Zvenigorod, Russia). III Vsesoi͡uznoe soveshchanie po probleme "Fiziologicheski aktivnye soedinenii͡a, mechennye radioaktivnymi i stabilʹnymi izotopami",(g. Ėvenigorod, 18-21 marta 1991 g.): Tezisy dokladov. Moskva: Institut molekuli͡arnoĭ genetiki AN SSSR, 1991.
Böttstein Colloquium on the Use of Iomazenil and Other Brain Receptor Tracers for SPECT (6th 1989 Würenlingen, Switzerland). Iomazenil and other brain receptor tracers for SPECT: Proceedings of the 6th Böttstein Colloquium on the Use of Iomazenil and Other Brain Receptor Tracers for SPECT held at Würenlingen/Villigen, Switzerland, November 10 and 11, 1989. Basel, Switzerland: Roche, 1990.
E, Phelps Michael, Mazziotta John C, and Schelbert Heinrich R, eds. Positron emission tomography and autoradiography: Principles and applications for the brain and heart. New York: Raven Press, 1986.
Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting. Tracers in the ocean: Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting held on 21 and 22 May 1987. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Royal Society (Great Britain). Discussion Meeting. Tracers in the ocean: Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting held on 21 and 22 May 1987. London: Royal Society, 1988.
Book chapters on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Johnson, P. "Measurement of flow using radioactive tracers." In Radioisotope Techniques for Problem-Solving in Industrial Process Plants, 97–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4073-4_8.
Dahlgaard, H., Q. J. Chen, and S. P. Nielsen. "Radioactive Tracers in the Greenland Sea." In Radionuclides in the Study of Marine Processes, 12–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3686-0_2.
Patyn, J., P. Del Marmol, and M. Monsecour. "Environmental Tracers for Validating Predictive Models." In Natural Analogues in Radioactive Waste Disposal, 444–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3465-8_39.
Britto, D. T., and H. J. Kronzucker. "Flux Measurements of Cations Using Radioactive Tracers." In Plant Mineral Nutrients, 161–70. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-152-3_10.
Jacquez, John A. "Application of Tracers to the Study of Membrane Transport Processes." In Membrane Physiology, 133–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1943-6_8.
Galli, G., M. Salvatori, and V. Valenza. "Possibilities and Limitations of Radioactive Tracers in Hepatobiliary Studies." In Imaging and Computing in Gastroenterology, 94–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75739-6_17.
Spence, V. A., P. T. McCollum, and W. F. Walker. "Quantitative Measurement of Cutaneous Blood Flow Using Radioactive Tracers." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 85–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2335-8_6.
Jacquez, John A. "Application of Tracers to the Study of Membrane Transport Processes." In Physiology of Membrane Disorders, 133–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2097-5_8.
Veys, Koen, Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz, and Katrien De Bock. "Measuring Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Fluxes in Endothelial Cells Using Radioactive Tracers." In Metabolic Signaling, 121–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8769-6_9.
Conference papers on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Suzui, Nobuo, Naoki Kawachi, Mitsutaka Yamaguchi, Noriko S. Ishioka, and Shu Fujimaki. "A monitoring system of radioactive tracers in hydroponic solution for research on plant physiology." In 2009 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2009.5503704.
Williams, R. L., and J. T. McCarthy. "Using Multiple Radioactive Tracers To Optimize Stimulation Designs." In SPE California Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16383-ms.
Stoyer, M. A. "In-situ preparation of radioactive tracers in NIF capsules." In 2011 IEEE 38th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2011.5993368.
Pourciau, Robert Donald, and Rodney Bart Waltman. "Insights into Deepwater Frac-Pack Completions Using Radioactive Tracers." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/95987-ms.
Wheeler, V. J., T. V. Parsons, S. J. Conchie, and B. Durham. "The Application Of Radioactive Tracers To Oil Reservoir Waterflood Studies." In Offshore Europe. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13985-ms.
McLaughlin, James S. "Radioactive Tracers: Review of Principle Factors in Design and Application." In Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35233-ms.
Al Isaee, Omar Mohammed, Dmitrii Smirnov, Abdullah Al Hadhrami, Alkhattab Mahrooqi, Hilal Shabibi, Ernest Sayapov, Alexey Moiseenkov, and Saqer Kaabi. "A Novel Environmentally Friendly, Cost Effective Method for Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Evaluation: Cased Hole Cross-Dipole Data." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209307-ms.
Abstract Cased hole cross-dipole acoustic acquisition is a novel environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for hydraulic fracture geometry evaluation. This method eliminates the environment contamination by the radioactive tracers and replaces the costly micro-seismic monitoring system. Radioactive tracer usage has a risk of pollution associated with improper storage, transportation and use of low dose, short half-life radioactive materials. The new technology eliminates the risk of having radioactive contamination during hydraulic fracturing operations. The sonic anisotropy measurements comparison taken before and after the hydraulic fracturing job allows estimating differential acoustic anisotropy and enables hydraulic fracture geometry evaluation. The method replaces radioactive (R/A) tracers and eliminates any risk of radioactive contamination, high cost, and complex hydraulic fracturing microseismic monitoring (HFM) operation which requires well monitoring. The method was successfully implemented in Greater Birba Cluster in the Sultanate of Oman, during hydraulic fracturing operations in 2020. Results were compared and validated with radioactive tracers, spectral noise log and microseismic monitoring data. This was a first use of sonic anisotropy measurements for fracture geometry evaluation in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. In terms of Zero radiation Risk: The common R/A Tracers Antymoniy-124, Iridium-192 and Scandium-46 have a half-life from 60 to 83 days. One curie of these tracers will give a dose rate of 480 -1090 mR per hour at a meter. Tracers are compounds with both internal and external exposure hazards to humans; they emit highly energetic gamma/beta radiation which can cause localized damage if ingested, inhaled or absorbed by the skin. Externally, both beta and gamma radiation can cause localized damage to exposed areas. Eliminating operations with these materials reduces risk of exposure hazard for field personnel to zero.
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Abdullah, Zaidi Zainal, Zahidah Md. Zain, Nor Aidil Anua, and Ashok Kumar Singhal. "Application Of Radioactive And Chemical Tracers For Offshore WAG Pilot Project." In SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/143391-ms.
Nguyen, T. V., and C. E. Stevens. "The Use of Inert Gas Radioactive Tracers for Steam Injection Profiling." In SPE California Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17419-ms.
Drapeau, G., B. Long, and J. W. Kamphuis. "Evaluation of Radioactive Sand Tracers to Measure Longshore Sediment Transport Rates." In 22nd International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780872627765.208.
Reports on the topic "Radioactive tracers in physiology":
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Reaeration coefficients of six streams in New York; a comparison of results obtained by a hydrocarbon-gas tracer method with those obtained by radioactive tracers and predictive equations. US Geological Survey, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri854028.
