Journal articles: 'Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont'

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Vinaya Satyawan Savitri, Tari. "Radioactive Pollution in Drinking Water." Acta Scientific Microbiology 4, no. 6 (May 7, 2021): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asmi.2021.04.0846.

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Chevychelov, A. P., A. P. D’yachkovskii, P. I. Sobakin, and L. I. Kuznetsova. "Surface water radioactive pollution in South Yakutia anthropogenic landscapes." Contemporary Problems of Ecology 3, no. 4 (August 2010): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s199542551004003x.

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Kavach, Rakesh, Kiran Baderia, and Alok Goyal. ""INCREASING SCOPE OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION"." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3246.

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Environmental pollution is an occasional problem in which the difficulties of life for the bio-world including humans are increasing. Due to the qualitative degradation of the environmental elements, the natural properties of life-like elements such as air, water, soil, vegetation, etc. are getting diminished due to which the relationship between nature and organisms is deteriorating. It is well known that environmental pollution is a product of modernity. Although the phenomenon of pollution has been occurring even in ancient times, but nature was able to prevent it, due to which its outbreak was not as fierce as it is today. As the amount of pollution has exceeded the limits of nature today, its effect has started reaching near the crisis point. Environmental elements like water and air are losing their natural quality due to environmental pollution, the vegetation is getting destroyed, the nature of the weather is changing and human is getting trapped in the clutches of various diseases. It is detrimental to the bio-world, as it is oriented in the path of environmental degradation to ecological degradation. Scientists believe that if the same momentum of pollution continues for the next 50 years, a catastrophe can come. The Western Industrial Revolution has made man insensitive to such an extent that he is cutting the branch on which he is sitting. Some scientists of the developed countries have been forced to say that the progressive nations of the west are exporting pollution to poor developing countries.According to the National Environmental Research Institute, pollutants causing harmful changes in the natural environment are released from matter and energy releases in the form of wastes resulting from human activities. Pollutants that pollute the environment are placed in two groups on the basis of origin. Can be (a) natural pollutant and (b) man-made pollutant. पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक ऐसी सामयिक समस्या है जिसमें मानव सहित जैव जगत् के लिए जीवन की कठिनाईयाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। पर्यावरण के तत्त्वों में गुणात्मक ह्रास के कारण जीवनदायी तत्त्व यथा वायु, जल, मृदा, वनस्पति आदि के नैसर्गिक गुण ह्रसमान होते जा रहे हैं जिससे प्रकृति और जीवों का आपसी सम्बन्ध बिगड़ता जा रहा है। यह सर्वज्ञात है कि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आधुनिकता की देन है। वैसे प्रदूषण की घटना प्राचीनकाल में भी होती रही है लेकिन प्रकृति इसका निवारण करने में सक्षम थी, जिससे इसका प्रकोप उतना भयंकर नहीं था, जितना आज है। चूँकि आज प्रदूषण की मात्रा प्रकृति की सहनसीमा को लाँघ गई है फलतः इसका प्रभाव संकट बिन्दु के समीप पहुँचने लगा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से जल और वायु जैसे जीवनदायी तत्त्व अपनी नैसर्गिक गुणवत्ता खोते जा रहे हैं, वनस्पतियाँ विनष्ट होती जा रही हैं, मौसम का स्वभाव बदल रहा है और मानव विविध बीमारियों के चंगुल में फँसता जा रहा है। यह जैव जगत् के लिए अपषकुन है, क्योंकि पर्यावरण ह्रास से पारिस्थितिकी विनाष के राह में उन्मुख है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि अगले 50 वर्षों तक यदि प्रदूषण की यही गति बनी रही तो महाप्रलय आ सकता है। पष्चिमी औद्योगिक क्रान्ति ने मनुष्य को इस हद तक संवेदनहीन बना दिया है कि वह जिस डाल पर बैठा है उसी को काट रहा है। विकसित देषों के कुछ वैज्ञानिक यह कहने के लिए बाध्य हुए हैं कि पष्चिम के प्रगतिषील राष्ट्र, प्रदूषण का निर्यात गरीब विकासषील देषों में कर रहे हैं।राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शोध संस्थान के अनुसार मनुष्य के क्रिया-कलापों से उत्पन्न अपषिष्टों के रूप में पदार्थ एवं उर्जा विमोचन से प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में होने वाले हानिकारक परिवर्तनों को प्रदूषण कहा जाता है।पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करने वाले प्रदूषकों को उत्पत्ति के आधार पर दो समूहों मेें रखा जा सकता है- (क) प्राकृतिक प्रदूषक तथा (ख) मानव निर्मित प्रदूषक।

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Meals, Donald W. "Watershed-scale response to agricultural diffuse pollution control programs in Vermont, USA." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0505.

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From 1979 to 1990, the LaPlatte River Watershed and the St. Albans Bay Watershed Rural Clean Water Program projects in Vermont (USA) sought to reduce sediment, nutrient, and bacteria loads to parts of Lake Champlain impaired by eutrophication. Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control diffuse sources of pollution from dairy agriculture were widely implemented through a voluntary program of technical assistance and cost-sharing by agencies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Intensive water quality monitoring was undertaken to document water quality changes resulting from the land treatment programs, including studies of BMP effectiveness and long-term watershed-scale trend monitoring. Some BMPs significantly reduced edge-of-field pollutant delivery to surface waters. Phosphorus export from corn fields was up to 1500% higher where manure was winter spread and up to 15% of the phosphorus applied in winter-spread manure was lost in runoff. A vegetated filter strip retained more than 90% of sediment and nutrients in milking center waste and functioned effectively year-round. Watershed-level response, however, was not simply the sum of edge-of-field changes. Sediment concentration and export decreased in both project areas, but anticipated decreases in nutrient concentrations and loads did not occur. The most significant water quality trends observed were 50–75% reductions in indicator bacteria counts in all study watersheds. Factors contributing to the lack of general response in nutrient levels, recommendations for future agricultural pollution control projects, and implications for planning of diffuse source pollution control programs are discussed.

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Konstantinova, N. A. "WATER POLLUTION AS A FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 6 (2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-16-22.

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The review deals with different types of potable water pollution and how they affect the human health. Under consideration are the basic pollutants such as heavy metals, waste waters, medical agents, radioactive isotopes etc., and sources. The author outlines the water purification technologies employed in the Russian Federation and abroad.

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Vu, Anh Lan Thi, Dung Van Nguyen, and Hoa Thi Nguyen. "Study using Vetiver grass to treat radioacitve pollution at Sin Quyen copper miner area, Lao Cai Province." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(5).13.

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The article introduces the research results of using Vetiver grass in radioactive environment treatment (water waste, mud waste) in Sin Quyen copper mine area, Lao Cai province. After 30 days, uranium absorption efficiency reached 77.4% and thorium 83.5%, the total alpha and beta activity of the water dramatically declined, alpha treatment efficiency reached 95.3% while beta treatment efficiency reached 93.7%. The model of radioactive pollution treatment by Vetiver showed high efficiency, simple operation. Therefore, it is very promising to apply the treatment of radioactive sludge, radioactive waste sludge in the process of exploiting and processing Sin Quyen copper ore in particular, the areas of radioactive mineral mining in general.

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Umi Kalthum Ab Wahab, Siti, Asnor Azrin Sabuti, Mohd Armi Abu Samah, and Kamaruzzaman Yunus. "AN Overview of Radioisotopels Study in Water Pollution." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14276.

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Radioisotopes can be defined as the radioactive isotopes of an element. They refer to the atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons. The combination can occur naturally or by altering the atoms. Nowadays, radioactive materials have become major contributing pollutants for a lot of cases of disability and mortality in all over the world. They have become a serious fear of the human, environment, and aquatic organism, although they are exposed to low levels of exposure. Therefore, to overcome these problems, the effective and easier prevention strategies should be taken and encouraged by all related parties such as industries, residents, and government. Radioisotope becomes as an essential part in medical, radiography and other fields of research including the environmental study. One of the applications is they can be used as the indicators in order to identify the pollutant sources. This method can be applied in surface water around industrial area and non-industrial area. As the example, the standard limit concentration of Uranium is 10ppb while for Thorium is 0.50 ppb. The study regarding radioisotope usually uses analytical instruments, for example, Inductively Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Basically, this paper will give ideas on overview of radioisotope study and reference for acquiring a better quality of surface water in the present and future by using the environmental forensic study application.

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Ishizaki, A., K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, F. Fujishiro, H. Arai, N. Osada, H. Sugai, et al. "Concentration of Cs in plants and water resulting from radioactive pollution." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 318 (January 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.06.049.

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Jichao, Sun, and Wang Guangqian. "Research on underground water pollution caused by geological fault through radioactive stratum." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 297, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2312-y.

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Kitada, S., T. Oikawa, S. Watanabe, K. Nagai, Y. Kobayashi, M. Matsuki, K. Tsuchiya, et al. "Removal of radioactive iodine and cesium in water purification." Desalination and Water Treatment 54, no. 13 (July 24, 2014): 3494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.923205.

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Mose, Douglas G., George W. Mushrush, and Charles Chrosniak. "Radioactive hazard of potable water in Virginia and Maryland." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 44, no. 4 (April 1990): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01700868.

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Brajnik, D., M. Krizman, I. Kobal, and P. Stegnar. "Sources of Technologically Enhanced Natural Radioactivity and Their Impact in Slovenia (Yugoslavia)." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (August 1, 1988): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080343.

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Abstract The environmental impact of a uranium mine and several other sources of technologically enhanced natural ratioactivity such as coal fired power plants, coal mines, production of phosphoric acid, phosphate fertilisers and titanium dioxide contributing to the radioactive pollution in Slovenia has been studied. The main contribution to the individual dose is caused by inhalation of radon and its daughters in the vicinity of the uranium mine. Other sources contribute mainly to the radioactive pollution of the river Sava and its underground water.

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Silver, G. L. "Continuous removal of radioactive cobalt from water." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 119, no. 2 (October 1987): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02169834.

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Borisenko, G. S., Yu I. Zuenko, and E. O. Basyuk. "RESULTS OF MONITORING ON RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION OF COMMERCIAL MARINE ORGANISMS IN THE NORTH-WEST PACIFIC AFTER THE ACCIDENT AT FUKUSHIMA DAI-ICHI NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN 2011." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(4).4.

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Results of several years monitoring on radioactive pollution of fisheries objects in the Russian EEZ and adjacent North-West Pacific (fish, crabs, shrimps, marine algae) after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in 2011 are generalized. Two catastrophic releases of radioactive isotopes to atmosphere and directly to the ocean happened at Fukushima in late March and early April, 2011. However, not a single case of dangerous pollution of fish or seafoods caught by Russian fishermen was detected. The highest activity of radioisotopes (137Cs up to 8.1 Bq/kg, 134Cs to 6.9 Bq/kg ww) was found for fish (pink salmon juveniles) caught off Kuril Islands in several days after the strongest release of radionuclides into the atmosphere. Soon, in summer 2011, the level of radioactive pollution in this area came close to the regional background level, the pre-accident level was restored in 2012, and the tendency to decreasing of radioactive pollution (that was observed after the nuclear tests termination) was restored in 2013. The observed radioactive contamination of fish, invertebrates and algae tissues is considerably (in 1–2 orders) below the sanitary permissible levels for isotopes of Cs and Sr. Lack of significant consequences of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident for bioresources of Russian waters is explained by spatial patterns of the water drift from Fukushima coast driven by oceanic currents in spring-summer of 2011 that was directed generally eastward, far from the Russian coasts. There is noted that radioactive contamination of fish tissues is determined by current radiation situation (here and now), no signs of accumulation and transfer of pollution by migratory species are found.

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MATHER, J. D. "Groundwater Pollution and the Disposal of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes." Water and Environment Journal 3, no. 1 (February 1989): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01364.x.

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Ruggiero, Ryan, Donald Ross, and Joshua W. Faulkner. "Tile Drainage Flow Partitioning and Phosphorus Export in Vermont USA." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020167.

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Tile drainage (TD) has been identified as a potential non-point source of phosphorus (P) pollution and subsequent water quality issues. Three fields with TD in Vermont USA were monitored to characterize hydrology and P export. Fields were in corn silage and used minimal tillage and cover cropping practices. Preferential flow path (PFP) activity was explored by separating TD flow into flow pathway and source connectivity components using two hydrograph separation techniques, electrical conductivity end member unmixing, and hydrograph recession analysis. TD was the dominant P export pathway because of higher total discharge. Drought conditions during this study limited surface runoff, and possibly resulted in maximum PFP activity in the active clay soils. The non-growing season dominated annual P loading for two of the three study years. Peak P concentrations in TD occurred during events following manure injection in the fall, as well as in the spring post cover crop termination and post-planting. Intra-event analysis of rainfall pulses showed that TD flow and P concentrations were higher because of higher intensity pulses. This study highlights the impacts of current manure management, as well as the potential for climate change to increase P transport to TD.

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Bitterman, Patrick, and Christopher J. Koliba. "Modeling Alternative Collaborative Governance Network Designs: An Agent-Based Model of Water Governance in the Lake Champlain Basin, Vermont." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 636–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa013.

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Abstract With the widespread use of collaborative governance mechanisms for mitigating water pollution, an opportunity exists to test alternative institutional designs based on collaborative governance theory using computer simulation models, particularly when there is a clear relationship between governance networks, observable resource allocation decisions, and measurable outcomes. This is especially the case for wicked problems like nonpoint source water pollution where there are compelling questions regarding how best to design policies, allocate funds, and build administrative capacity to meet water quality standards. We present an agent-based model (ABM) of water governance for the Lake Champlain Basin to simulate the impacts of alternative collaborative governance arrangements on the development of suites of water quality projects. The ABM is connected or coupled with land use and phosphorus load accumulation models that are informed by existing hydrologic models, project datasets, and state-set load reduction targets. We find that regionally arranged collaborative governance in water quality project planning and implementation can lead to better water quality outcomes, thereby affirming one of the central premises of collaborative governance regime theory. We also find that externally mandated collaboration, as opposed to voluntary, self-initiated collaboration, can lead to better water quality outcomes, adding to our understanding of which type of collaborative governance arrangement is best suited to the specific contexts of this case. Further, without adequate administrative capacity in the form of human resources located in central network actors to manage project funds, “administrative bottlenecks” may form and money can go unspent. This research demonstrates the efficacy of using simulations of alternative institutional design for theory testing and tuning, and policy prototyping.

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Alam, Iftikhar, Jalil ur Rehman, Nisar Ahmad, Alia Nazir, Aslam Hameed, and Altaf Hussain. "An overview on the concentration of radioactive elements and physiochemical analysis of soil and water in Iraq." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0070.

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AbstractIn the last decade, radiation physics brought about a revolution in health science by improving scientific equipment and useful methodologies for measurement. Human beings are affected by ionizing radiations that radiate from radioactive elements. The quantity of radioactive elements is different inside and outside the earth’s surface. Soil and water are exigencies of human lives which are contaminated by radioactive elements. These radioactive elements enter into the human body through drinking, eating and breathing. On reaching hazardous limits in the human body, these radioactive elements cause stomach cancer, lung cancer and leukemia. Measurement of radioactive elements in soil and water is helpful in monitoring the health issues caused by exposure to these elements. In Iraq, numerous studies about natural radioactivity, radon concentration and physiochemical parameters have been conducted by different researchers, of which most of the studies were conducted in Barsa, Nasirya, Najaf, Karbala, Baghdad, Balad, Kirkuk, Erbil, Mosul and Dohuk cities. This article aims to review and compile the studies conducted in these cities of Iraq from 2011 to 2019. In most articles, high-purity germanium (HPGe), RAD7 and CR-39 detectors are used for radioactivity and radon measurement. These cities are located in the low-high folded and Mesopotamian zones. From this study, it can be concluded that radon concentration in soil and water was greater in the Mesopotamian and lower in the low-high folded zones. Higher concentrations of natural radioactivity in water and soil were found in the low-high folded zone in Iraq. However, most of the conducted studies show that concentrations of radon and natural radioactivity are above the permissible limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and World Health Organization (WHO). The values of physiochemical parameters were found to be greater in the Mesopotamian zone, but overall they are not above the permissible limits.

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Lytle, Darren A., Thomas Sorg, Lili Wang, and Abe Chen. "The accumulation of radioactive contaminants in drinking water distribution systems." Water Research 50 (March 2014): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.050.

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Venterea, Rodney T. "Greening Vermont: The Search for a Sustainable State." Journal of Environmental Quality 42, no. 6 (November 2013): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.08.0342br.

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Petrinec, Branko, Isabela Tišma, Marko Šoštarić, Marina Poje Sovilj, Dinko Babić, Vanja Radolić, Igor Miklavčić, and Branko Vuković. "Current radiological situation in Slavonski Brod, Croatia: is there a reason for concern?" Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 68, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2992.

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Abstract For years, the town of Slavonski Brod in Croatia has been facing serious problems with air pollution, which is usually attributed to an oil refinery across the Sava River in Bosnia and Herzegovina. While the air quality is being monitored rigorously with regard to nonradioactive matter, no attention has been paid to the possibility of a coincidental radioactive pollution. This study is the first to have addressed this issue. We measured ambient dose rate equivalents at 150 sites and found that none exceeded 120 nSv h-1, while the average was 80 nSv h-1. Gamma-ray spectrometry of the collected river water and soil samples did not reveal any unusual radioactivity either. In other words, we have found no evidence of radioactive pollution that would endanger the health of the residents of Slavonski Brod.

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Zhao, Chang, Gang Wang, Min Zhang, Guansuo Wang, Govert de With, Roman Bezhenar, Vladimir Maderich, et al. "Transport and dispersion of tritium from the radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant." Marine Pollution Bulletin 169 (August 2021): 112515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112515.

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Wu, Dun, Yuanyuan Wang, Meichen Wang, Chao Wei, Guangqing Hu, Xiaoli He, and Wei Fu. "Basic Characteristics of Coal Gangue in a Small-Scale Mining Site and Risk Assessment of Radioactive Elements for the Surrounding Soils." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060647.

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The accumulation/improper treatment of coal gangue will not only lead to waste of land, but also cause environmental pollution. Especially the impact of radioactive elements on the surrounding ecological environment is widely concerned by many scholars. In this study, the concentration of radioactive elements (uranium (U) and thorium (Th)) of small-scale coal gangue mining site and surrounding soil in the northern region of Xieqiao coal mine were tested, the material composition of coal gangue was analyzed via XRF and XRD, the modes of occurrence of U and Th elements were investigated, and their potential ecological risks and ecological effectiveness were evaluated. The results show that the clay minerals with high content in coal gangue are the key minerals for the adsorption of uranium and thorium in coal gangue. The specific activity of two radioactive elements (U and Th) in soil is much lower than that of coal gangue. With the increase of the distance from the soil collection point to the gangue piles and the depth of the soil profile, the specific activities of the two radioactive elements decrease gradually. On the basis of the concentration curve, the range of the radioactive contamination halo of gangue piles is limited (≤30 m), speculating qualitatively that the gangue dump has no significant influence on the radioactivity of the surrounding water. The modes of occurrence of U and Th in coal gangue and soil are altered. According to the index of geo-accumulation, Th is easier to accumulate in soil environment, but Th and U pollution in soil is not obvious. In contrast to U element, the active state of Th element in soil is generally affected by exogenous (coal gangue) export, which may have a potential environmental effects. This study provides a research idea for the investigation of radioactive element pollution to the surrounding soil in small-scale coal gangue plies.

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He, Peng, Xiaolin Hou, Ala Aldahan, and Göran Possnert. "Radioactive 129I in surface water of the Celtic Sea." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 299, no. 1 (November 13, 2013): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-013-2792-4.

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Oznobikhina, L. A., and S. A. Rodionova. "Criteria for assessing the ecological state of the territory in modern conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012109.

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Abstract International environmental organizations play a huge role in environmental protection. Their creation was caused by catastrophic changes in nature, they were designed to protect it from humanity and, in fact, to save man himself from the results of his own activities. People are obliged to take care not only of animals or birds, we must protect everything that is around us if we want our planet to flourish, successfully developed wonderful gifts of nature. The article discusses the environmental situation degradation: atmospheric air pollution, in fractions of maximum permissible concentrations, water supply and water pollution, soil pollution with household waste and radioactive contamination.

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Bullen, D. B. "Radioactive Waste Management." Journal of Environmental Quality 20, no. 1 (January 1991): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000010063x.

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Xu, Tiantian, Shuzhong Wang, Yanhui Li, Jianna Li, Jianjun Cai, Yishu Zhang, Donghai Xu, and Jie Zhang. "Review of the destruction of organic radioactive wastes by supercritical water oxidation." Science of The Total Environment 799 (December 2021): 149396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149396.

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Weber, D., A. Drizo, E. Twohig, S. Bird, and D. Ross. "Upgrading constructed wetlands phosphorus reduction from a dairy effluent using electric arc furnace steel slag filters." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.513.

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In 2003, a subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF-CW) system was built at the University of Vermont (UVM) Paul Miller Dairy Farm as an alternative nutrient management approach for treating barnyard runoff and milk parlour waste. Given the increasing problem of phosphorus (P) pollution in the Lake Champlain region, a slag based P-removal filter technology (PFT) was established (2004) at the CW with two objectives: (i) to test the filters' efficiency as an upgrade unit for improving P removal performance via SSF-CW (ii) to investigate the capacity of filters technology to remove P as a “stand alone” unit. Six individual filters (F1–F6) were filled with electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag, each containing 112.5 kg of material with a pore volume of 21 L. F1–F4, fed with CW treated water, received approximately 2.17 g DRP kg−1 EAF steel slag (0.25 kg DRP total) during the 259 day feeding period. F1–F4 retained 1.7 g DRP kg−1 EAF steel slag, resulting in an average P removal efficiency of 75%. The addition of filters improved CW DRP removal efficiency by 74%. F5 and F6, fed non-treated water, received 1.9 g DRP kg−1 EAF steel slag (0.22 kg DRP in total) and retained 1.5 g DRP kg−1 resulting in a P removal efficiency of 72%. The establishment of the EAF slag based PFT is the first in-field evaluation of this technology to reduce P from dairy farm effluent in Vermont.

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Elokhin, A. P., and M. V. Zhilina. "Peculiarities of Underlying Surface Pollution by Radioactive Gasoaerosol Impurity after its Passage over Extensional Water Areas." Global Nuclear Safety 11, no. 2 (June 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2017-02-02.

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Mijnendonckx, Kristel, Axel Van Gompel, Ilse Coninx, Nele Bleyen, and Natalie Leys. "Water-soluble bitumen degradation products can fuel nitrate reduction from non-radioactive bituminized waste." Applied Geochemistry 114 (March 2020): 104525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104525.

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Chernyatevich, Nataliia. "PONTOON SETTLEMENTS AS A MEANS OF RESTORING THE ECOLOGICAL BALANCE OF RESERVOIRS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.142-151.

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The article considers the influence of pontoon settlements on the ecology of reservoirs of Ukraine. The main types of pollution and methods of reservoir cleaning due to the creation of pontoon settlements are outlined. There are 1157 reservoirs located within Ukraine. The issue of efficient and rational use of reservoirs in Ukraine is becoming increasingly important. The establishment of settlements on the water could help solve the environmental problems present in reservoirs. Reservoir pollution can be divided into chemical, bacterial, thermal and radioactive. Chemical pollution is the ingress of various chemicals, waste from various industries into the water: petrochemical, pulp and paper, as well as municipal wastewater, waste from livestock farms. Biological pollution is getting into reservoirs together with sewage of various pathogenic microorganisms, spores of fungi, worms. Thermal pollution occurs due to the discharge of heated water from thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and other energy facilities. Radioactive contamination is associated with an increase in the content of radioactive substances in water. When designing pontoon settlements in the water area of reservoirs, it is necessary to provide mechanical cleaning methods. Mechanical cleaning is the cleaning of the bottom of the reservoir from large objects of various origins, as well as the removal of large accumulations of benthic and floating species of aquatic plants. The basis of the biological method of purification is the saturation of the reservoir with microorganisms (bacteria). Another very effective way is to stock the ponds with herbivorous species. Such fish species as silver carp, carp, grass carp, pike, pike perch are biological reclamation of reservoirs. The basis of the chemical method of purification is the addition of special reagents of varying composition to the reservoir. The main way to reduce thermal pollution is the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy using solar energy sources: light, wind and water resources. To ensure all methods of cleaning reservoirs, it is necessary to create specialized floating platforms (pontoons) when designing pontoon settlements. On them it is possible to place bases for service of technical fleet (special equipment), various technological equipment; platforms for placement of chemical reagents; fish farming platforms for biological treatment; sorting, temporary storage and processing of garbage, etc. Platforms must be modular, mobile, easy to transport, have mechanical strength and high load capacity. They can also be stationary and mobile, self-propelled and non-self-propelled depending on the functional load and floor-plate of the pontoon settlement. Pontoon settlements that are developed according to all the respective laws, norms and rules can be considered effective means of combating pollution of reservoirs and help restore their environmental resources.

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Fan, Guohua, Baodeng Hou, Xinsheng Dong, and Xiaowen Ding. "Technical Points of Water-Draw and Discharge Impact Analysis in Guidelines for Water Resource Assessment of Coastal Nuclear Power Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 6308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116308.

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Nowadays, cleaner production is getting more and more attention, and nuclear power has been widely used due to its low energy consumption and lower pollution. Most nuclear power plants in China, including those under construction and constructed ones, are coastal. For a nuclear power plant, however, its large amount of water consumption and high guarantee rate of water quality will have impacts on the regional water-resource allocation in the site area. During the water-discharge process, low-level radioactive wastewater and warm water will be discharged, while medium or even highly radioactive wastewater will be generated in an accident, both of which will affect the environment of the receiving water. In 2016, the Chinese government began to work on the Guidelines for Water Resources Assessment of Coastal Nuclear Power Plant Projects. The compilation work, led mainly by the Ministry of Water Resources, focused on analyzing key technical points of the impacts of water intake, wastewater discharge, and their reduction measures, as well as water-protection measures. In this study, the technical requirements for impact analysis of water-draw, wastewater discharge, and their remedial measures for coastal nuclear power construction projects in different periods were put forward. Lastly, the measures for water conservation, protection, and management were given. All the technical requirements and measures gave a research basis and technical support for the formulation of the guidelines.

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Lull, Cristina, Antonio Lidón, and María Desamparados Soriano. "Soil Pollution Education: A Broad View of Knowledge on Soil Pollution and Educational Activities for Undergraduate Students." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2202024.

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Soil pollution is a major challenge for ensuring a healthy environment and for human health. One of the critical points in soil pollution policy is the education and public awareness of the problem caused by soil pollution. Education influences decision-making on soil and water care. It is crucial to spread knowledge to undergraduate and graduate students about the determinantal effects of soil pollution on ecosystems and humans, considering today’s students are tomorrow’s guardians of soil and human health. A course on soil pollution aims to provide students with a foundation of the knowledge and skills required to work in this field. Knowledge of soil and contaminant properties, soil-pollutant interaction processes, transport of pollutants by soil and water, human health and ecological risk assessment, and measures for preventing soil pollution are fundamental for the sustainable management of soil and food safety. Students should be aware of the need to avoid the three types of soil pollution (chemical, radioactive, and biological) in industrial, agricultural, forest, and urban soils. This article provides a broad view of the knowledge taught in subjects related to soil pollution and introduces learning activities for undergraduate students.

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Aziz, M., and Sh G. Beheir. "Removal of60Co and134Cs from radioactive process waste water by flotation." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 191, no. 1 (March 1995): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02035984.

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Bastian, R. K., J. T. Bachmaier, D. W. Schmidt, S. N. Salomon, A. Jones, W. A. Chiu, L. W. Setlow, et al. "Radioactive Materials in Biosolids." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 3 (May 2005): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.343er.

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Geger, Emiliya V., G. P. Zolotnikova, and V. A. Kaptsov. "METHODS OF EVALUATION OF SANITARY-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF TERRITORIES." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-12-1338-1341.

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Introduction. On the basis of monitoring data for 2005-2017, the analysis of the ecological and hygienic situation in the territory of the Bryansk region was carried out and the integral index of pollution of territories was derived. Ranking of territories was carried out taking into account pollution of air, water, food by chemical and radioactive substances. Material and methods. Monitoring of environmental pollution, method of expert estimations, the coefficient of concordance, integral index of pollution. Results. The study identified anthropogenic pollutants of the areas, the most disadvantaged areas, and relatively clean areas. The degree of pollution of each territory was established on the basis of an integral index. The proposed method for ecological and hygienic ranking of territories allowed systematically assessing the state of the environment. Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it can be confirmed that the main sources of impact on the environment of the region are vehicles and construction enterprises, as well as the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. Risk assessment for public health was carried out taking into account the real risk of human exposure to ecotoxicants coming from all objects of the environment, using the method of expert assessments and an integral index assessing the total pollution and taking into account the level of pollution of air, water, food chemicals, and radioactive substances. New approaches to the ecological and hygienic characteristics of the territories can be recommended for a comprehensive assessment of the environment, the development of predictive assessments of the negative impact of man-made environmental pollution on public health, management of risk factors for the development of environmentally-dependent pathology in the population in areas with different levels of man-made pollution.

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Utkin, S. S., and I. I. Linge. "Decommissioning strategy for liquid low-level radioactive waste surface storage water reservoir." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 196 (January 2019): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.11.011.

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Hayden, Melissa J., and Donald S. Ross. "Denitrification as a Nitrogen Removal Mechanism in a Vermont Peatland." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 6 (November 2005): 2052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0449.

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39

Parida, Satyajeet, Abhishek Kumar Tripathi, D. P. Tripathy, and Purabi Bora. "Determination of physico-chemical parameters of coal mines water samples and their correlation establishment with WQI using python programming." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012214.

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Abstract The quality assessment of water is the need of the hour as water pollution has reached to an alarming level. The pollution of natural water bodies due to mine drainage system and mining activities is a major environmental concern worldwide. There are many potential reasons of water pollution such as agricultural, sewage, oil, radioactive materials, dumping & mining activities etc. Mining activities are responsible for the contamination of watercourses with metal and increment of sediment levels in it, however acid mine drainage can be viewed as the most lethal means of polluting watercourse. In this study an analysis was done on the water samples collected from different coal mines of Jharkhand and Telangana State. The WQI for each sample were calculated and correlated with their physico-chemical parameters. The lowest grades of the water samples are mainly due to the presence of the strongest correlated parameters. It was observed that the iron content in the samples has the strongest correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.9977 and highest significance with a P value lower than 0.001.

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Fu, Li, Xiaohong Hu, Shuyuan Yu, Yarui Guo, He Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Yanyan Lou, Dan Li, and Qiqi Yu. "Sustainable wastewater treatment by deep eutectic solvents and natural silk for radioactive iodine capture." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (November 1, 2019): 1683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.413.

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Abstract The pollution from nuclear leaks and nuclear disasters (e.g. radioactive iodine) would cause serious harm to human beings and ecosystems for many years. Cocoon silk and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are both green substances. DESs are easily synthesized, cheap, highly biocompatible and highly biodegradable. Here, we combine the removal of organic dyes and the capture of radioactive iodine by using green DES-pretreated cocoon silk. It is the first time organic dyes have been removed from wastewater by DES-disrupted silk for the purpose of favourably removing iodine. Organic dyes-captured DES-pretreated cocoon silk could be used to capture iodine efficiently. It opens a new route to dispose of one waste from nuclear energy with organic dyes from wastewater captured by green solvents-pretreated natural silk.

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41

Kieu-Ngoc, Dung, Quang Nguyen-Hao, Hang Nguyen-Thị, Thoa Nguyen-Thị, and Lam Nghiem-Tien. "Simulating the Potential Impacts of Nuclear Power Plant Accident for Northern Vietnam." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220017.

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The Fangchenggang nuclear power plant has been built very close to the Vietnam boundary. This is done to generate potential impacts for Northern Vietnam if nuclear power plant accident occurs. This study applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to construct the meteorological data at horizontal mesh resolution of 1 km as input for the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART). The assumption of the nuclear accident at Fangchenggang Power Plant is considered with setup parameter of the Fukushima accident. The results show a similar in simulating the 137Cs concentration from 03 out of 24 experiments configured with different parameterisation schemes of the WRF model. However, the dry and wet deposition of radioactive 137Cs are significantly different. It is especially illustrated that if the accident occurs, then almost all provinces in northern Vietnam are affected. The high concentration of radioactive pollutants may be intensively transported from Fangchenggang nuclear power plant to Vietnam under the domination of wind fields in the wintertime. The maximum values of the total effective dose rate could reach up to over 10 mSvh-1 of dose rate during 50 to 100 hours. Importantly, the maximum effective dose continues to be observed during 145 to 205 hours.

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Pathak, Pratibha. "POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3152.

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Over the last three decades there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged exposure to environmental pollution. Most of these environment-related diseases are however not easily detected and may be acquired during childhood and manifested later in adulthood. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities, especially in developing countries. Many of these cities lack solid waste regulations and proper disposal facilities, including for harmful waste. Such waste may be infectious, toxic or radioactive. Municipal waste dumping sites are designated places set aside for waste disposal. Depending on a city’s level of waste management, such waste may be dumped in an uncontrolled manner, segregated for recycling purposes, or simply burnt. Poor waste management poses a great challenge to the well-being of city residents, particularly those living adjacent the dumpsites due to the potential of the waste to pollute water, food sources, land, air and vegetation. The poor disposal and handling of waste thus leads to environmental degradation, destruction of the ecosystem and poses great risks to public health.

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Chowdhury, Shakhawat, Tahir Husain, Brian Veitch, Neil Bose, and Rehan Sadiq. "Human Health Risk Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Produced Water—A Case Study." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 10, no. 6 (December 2004): 1155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807030490887203.

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44

Herranz, M., C. Elejalde, R. Idoeta, F. Legarda, and F. Romero. "Distribution of radioactive constituents and dependence with chemical parameters in river water from Biscay (Spain)∗." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 61, no. 1-4 (August 1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249709358470.

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45

Borcia, Constantin, Carmen Rădulescu, Radu Ciucă, and Viorel Blendea. "Radioactivity of the lower sector of Danube River and the Black Sea coastal zone in relation to some hydrological characteristics." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ouacsce-2017-0002.

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Abstract On ecosystems, the radioactive material can have several consequences: the mechanisms of self-regulation of biocoenosis are affected; the interactions and composition of flora and fauna in biocoenosis are modified etc., and on humans, radioactive material presents a major risk through external exposure and internal exposure to radiation. On the other hand, floods and droughts, among others, can have the effect that they can act as a support for radionuclides. The existence of risks of radioactive and chemical pollution on the lower course of the Danube, in the Black Sea Danube spill area as well as in the Black Sea coastal area, where a number of complex processes occur, determined the study of the radiochemical processes taking place in these areas. The paper addresses the following issues: radiation risk and nuclear risk, general hydrological characteristics, radioactivity of the Lower Danube water and coastal zone of the Black Sea, radioactivity of the Lower Danube sediments and coastal zone of the Black Sea, modeling of radiochemical processes.

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46

Riekstina, D., J. Berzins, T. Krasta, G. Kizane, and J. Rudzitis. "Impact of the Former Salaspils Nuclear Reactor on the Surrounding Territory." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0022.

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Abstract The paper presents results of the long-term environment radioactivity monitoring in the vicinity of the decommissioned Salaspils Nuclear Reactor. Data include Cs-137 contamination levels of soils, H-3 concentration in ground waters, as well as gross beta activity of sewage and rainwater drainage of SNR. Special attention is devoted to the radioactive pollution of water due to leakage from the special wastewater basin detected in December 2014.

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Hamed, Mostafa M., Mahmoud M. S. Ali, and Aly A. Helal. "Influence of sorption parameters on cesium-137 removal using modified activated carbon obtained from corchorus olitorius stalks." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 10 (October 25, 2020): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0012.

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AbstractRemoval of 137Cs radionuclides from the environment has engrossed the concern of researchers after Fukushima accident. The leakage of radioactive cesium ions can lead up to surface and groundwater contamination, and this leads to pollution of drinking water sources. In this work, corchorus olitorius stalks has been used as a novel precursor for production of low-cost mesoporous activated carbon (Meso-AC) and HNO3/H2O2-modified Meso-AC (m-Meso-AC). The physicochemical properties of all adsorbents were evaluated. The influences of sorption parameters and presence of some ligands (humic acid, fulvic acid, and EDTA) on the sorption of 137Cs were studied. The maximum 137Cs capacity of m-Meso-AC was found to be 58.74 mg/g. Efficiency of the new adsorbent to remove 137Cs radionuclides from natural waters (tap, river, and groundwater) was investigated. The studies showed that new adsorbent could be used as promising material for the retention of 137Cs from real radioactive waste and natural water samples.

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Chandrakantasaraf. "HUMAN HEALTH AND POLLUTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3220.

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Human health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Good health also includes physical health, mental health, intellectual health, spiritual health, and social health. A person goes to health when his body is healthy and healthy and calm.Pollution is a kind of disease through age, water, dust, etc. not only in humans' bodies, but also on the animals, animals, animals, trees, animals and animals. Fatigue, cough, throat disease, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, chest pain etc.Pryavarnkopradusitkrnewaleanekpramuk Praduskhakpraduskvepdarthhajinhenmnushy Bnataha, Upyogkrtahaawrantmen Seshbagkopryavarnmenfenkdetahakpryavarnkopradusitkrnewalapramuk Pdarthjmahuyepdarthjase- smoke, dust, grit, Gradi, Rasyanikpdarthjase-Ditrjents hydrogen fluoride, Fasginadi, Dhatuyenjase-iron, mercury, zinc, Sisaadi, Gasjase-Kaॅrbnmonaॅksaid, Slfrday oxide, ammonia, chlorine, Florinadi , Fertilizers such as urea, potassic etc., pasticides such as DTM herbicides, insecticides etc., aerated sludge, sound heat, radioactive substances. मानवस्वास्थ्य एक पूर्ण शारीरिक, मानसिकऔरसामाजिक खुषहाली की स्थितिहै।अच्छेस्वास्थ्य में शारीरिकस्वास्थ्य, मानसिकस्वास्थ्य, बौद्धिक स्वास्थ्य, आध्यात्मिकस्वास्थ्य औरसामाजिकस्वास्थ्य भी शामिलहै। एक व्यक्तिकोस्वस्थतबकहांजाताहैजबउसका शरीरस्वस्थऔरमनसाफऔर शांतहो।प्रदूषण एक प्रकारकाजहरहैजोवायु, जल, धूलआदि के माध्यम से न केवलमनुष्य के शरीरमेंप्रवेषकरउसे रूग्णबनादेताहैवरन् जीवजन्तुओं, पशुपक्षियों, पेड़पौधेओरवनस्पतियोंकोभीनष्टकरदेताहै।प्रदूषणअनेकभयानकबिमारियोंकोजन्मदेताहै।जैसे-कैंसर, तपेदिक, रक्तचाप, दमा, हैजा, मलेरिया, चर्मरोग, नेत्ररोग, कान के रोग, स्वाइन फ्लू, सिरदर्द, थकान, खांसी, गले की बिमारी, हृदय संबंधीरोग, वृक्करोग, सीनेमेंदर्दआदि।पर्यावरणकोप्रदूषितकरनेवालेअनेकप्रमुख प्रदूषकहै।प्रदूषकवेपदार्थहैजिन्हेंमनुष्य बनाताहै, उपयोगकरताहैऔरअंतमें शेषभागकोपर्यावरणमेंफेंकदेताहै।पर्यावरणकोप्रदूषितकरनेवालाप्रमुख पदार्थजमाहुयेपदार्थजैसे- धुआं, धूल, ग्रिट, घरआदि, रासयानिकपदार्थजैसे-डिटरजेंटस् हाइड्रोजन फ्लोराइड, फास्जीनआदि, धातुयेंजैसे-लोहा, पारा, जिंक, सीसाआदि, गैसजैसे-काॅर्बनमोनाॅक्साइड, सल्फरडाॅय आॅक्साइड, अमोनिया, क्लोरिन, फ्लोरिनआदि, उर्वरकजैसे यूरिया, पोटाषआदि, पेस्टीसाइड्सजैसे-डी.टी.टीकवकनाषी, कीटनाषीआदि, वाहितमलजैसे-गंदापानी, ध्वनिउष्मा, रेडियोंएक्टिवपदार्थहै।

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Kagawa, Akira, Toru Aoki, Naoki Okada, and Yukio Katayama. "Tree-Ring Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 as Potential Indicators of Radioactive Pollution." Journal of Environmental Quality 31, no. 6 (November 2002): 2001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2002.2001.

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Harijan, Dilip K. L., Vimlesh Chandra, Taeseung Yoon, and Kwang S. Kim. "Radioactive iodine capture and storage from water using magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated in polypyrrole." Journal of Hazardous Materials 344 (February 2018): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.065.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont'

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