Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont

Academic literature on the topic 'Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont"

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Vinaya Satyawan Savitri, Tari. "Radioactive Pollution in Drinking Water." Acta Scientific Microbiology 4, no. 6 (May 7, 2021): 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asmi.2021.04.0846.

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Chevychelov, A. P., A. P. D’yachkovskii, P. I. Sobakin, and L. I. Kuznetsova. "Surface water radioactive pollution in South Yakutia anthropogenic landscapes." Contemporary Problems of Ecology 3, no. 4 (August 2010): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s199542551004003x.

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Kavach, Rakesh, Kiran Baderia, and Alok Goyal. ""INCREASING SCOPE OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION"." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3246.

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Environmental pollution is an occasional problem in which the difficulties of life for the bio-world including humans are increasing. Due to the qualitative degradation of the environmental elements, the natural properties of life-like elements such as air, water, soil, vegetation, etc. are getting diminished due to which the relationship between nature and organisms is deteriorating. It is well known that environmental pollution is a product of modernity. Although the phenomenon of pollution has been occurring even in ancient times, but nature was able to prevent it, due to which its outbreak was not as fierce as it is today. As the amount of pollution has exceeded the limits of nature today, its effect has started reaching near the crisis point. Environmental elements like water and air are losing their natural quality due to environmental pollution, the vegetation is getting destroyed, the nature of the weather is changing and human is getting trapped in the clutches of various diseases. It is detrimental to the bio-world, as it is oriented in the path of environmental degradation to ecological degradation. Scientists believe that if the same momentum of pollution continues for the next 50 years, a catastrophe can come. The Western Industrial Revolution has made man insensitive to such an extent that he is cutting the branch on which he is sitting. Some scientists of the developed countries have been forced to say that the progressive nations of the west are exporting pollution to poor developing countries.According to the National Environmental Research Institute, pollutants causing harmful changes in the natural environment are released from matter and energy releases in the form of wastes resulting from human activities. Pollutants that pollute the environment are placed in two groups on the basis of origin. Can be (a) natural pollutant and (b) man-made pollutant. पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक ऐसी सामयिक समस्या है जिसमें मानव सहित जैव जगत् के लिए जीवन की कठिनाईयाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। पर्यावरण के तत्त्वों में गुणात्मक ह्रास के कारण जीवनदायी तत्त्व यथा वायु, जल, मृदा, वनस्पति आदि के नैसर्गिक गुण ह्रसमान होते जा रहे हैं जिससे प्रकृति और जीवों का आपसी सम्बन्ध बिगड़ता जा रहा है। यह सर्वज्ञात है कि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आधुनिकता की देन है। वैसे प्रदूषण की घटना प्राचीनकाल में भी होती रही है लेकिन प्रकृति इसका निवारण करने में सक्षम थी, जिससे इसका प्रकोप उतना भयंकर नहीं था, जितना आज है। चूँकि आज प्रदूषण की मात्रा प्रकृति की सहनसीमा को लाँघ गई है फलतः इसका प्रभाव संकट बिन्दु के समीप पहुँचने लगा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से जल और वायु जैसे जीवनदायी तत्त्व अपनी नैसर्गिक गुणवत्ता खोते जा रहे हैं, वनस्पतियाँ विनष्ट होती जा रही हैं, मौसम का स्वभाव बदल रहा है और मानव विविध बीमारियों के चंगुल में फँसता जा रहा है। यह जैव जगत् के लिए अपषकुन है, क्योंकि पर्यावरण ह्रास से पारिस्थितिकी विनाष के राह में उन्मुख है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि अगले 50 वर्षों तक यदि प्रदूषण की यही गति बनी रही तो महाप्रलय आ सकता है। पष्चिमी औद्योगिक क्रान्ति ने मनुष्य को इस हद तक संवेदनहीन बना दिया है कि वह जिस डाल पर बैठा है उसी को काट रहा है। विकसित देषों के कुछ वैज्ञानिक यह कहने के लिए बाध्य हुए हैं कि पष्चिम के प्रगतिषील राष्ट्र, प्रदूषण का निर्यात गरीब विकासषील देषों में कर रहे हैं।राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शोध संस्थान के अनुसार मनुष्य के क्रिया-कलापों से उत्पन्न अपषिष्टों के रूप में पदार्थ एवं उर्जा विमोचन से प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में होने वाले हानिकारक परिवर्तनों को प्रदूषण कहा जाता है।पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करने वाले प्रदूषकों को उत्पत्ति के आधार पर दो समूहों मेें रखा जा सकता है- (क) प्राकृतिक प्रदूषक तथा (ख) मानव निर्मित प्रदूषक।
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Meals, Donald W. "Watershed-scale response to agricultural diffuse pollution control programs in Vermont, USA." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0505.

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From 1979 to 1990, the LaPlatte River Watershed and the St. Albans Bay Watershed Rural Clean Water Program projects in Vermont (USA) sought to reduce sediment, nutrient, and bacteria loads to parts of Lake Champlain impaired by eutrophication. Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control diffuse sources of pollution from dairy agriculture were widely implemented through a voluntary program of technical assistance and cost-sharing by agencies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Intensive water quality monitoring was undertaken to document water quality changes resulting from the land treatment programs, including studies of BMP effectiveness and long-term watershed-scale trend monitoring. Some BMPs significantly reduced edge-of-field pollutant delivery to surface waters. Phosphorus export from corn fields was up to 1500% higher where manure was winter spread and up to 15% of the phosphorus applied in winter-spread manure was lost in runoff. A vegetated filter strip retained more than 90% of sediment and nutrients in milking center waste and functioned effectively year-round. Watershed-level response, however, was not simply the sum of edge-of-field changes. Sediment concentration and export decreased in both project areas, but anticipated decreases in nutrient concentrations and loads did not occur. The most significant water quality trends observed were 50–75% reductions in indicator bacteria counts in all study watersheds. Factors contributing to the lack of general response in nutrient levels, recommendations for future agricultural pollution control projects, and implications for planning of diffuse source pollution control programs are discussed.
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Konstantinova, N. A. "WATER POLLUTION AS A FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE." Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 6 (2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-16-22.

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The review deals with different types of potable water pollution and how they affect the human health. Under consideration are the basic pollutants such as heavy metals, waste waters, medical agents, radioactive isotopes etc., and sources. The author outlines the water purification technologies employed in the Russian Federation and abroad.
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Vu, Anh Lan Thi, Dung Van Nguyen, and Hoa Thi Nguyen. "Study using Vetiver grass to treat radioacitve pollution at Sin Quyen copper miner area, Lao Cai Province." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(5).13.

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The article introduces the research results of using Vetiver grass in radioactive environment treatment (water waste, mud waste) in Sin Quyen copper mine area, Lao Cai province. After 30 days, uranium absorption efficiency reached 77.4% and thorium 83.5%, the total alpha and beta activity of the water dramatically declined, alpha treatment efficiency reached 95.3% while beta treatment efficiency reached 93.7%. The model of radioactive pollution treatment by Vetiver showed high efficiency, simple operation. Therefore, it is very promising to apply the treatment of radioactive sludge, radioactive waste sludge in the process of exploiting and processing Sin Quyen copper ore in particular, the areas of radioactive mineral mining in general.
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Umi Kalthum Ab Wahab, Siti, Asnor Azrin Sabuti, Mohd Armi Abu Samah, and Kamaruzzaman Yunus. "AN Overview of Radioisotopels Study in Water Pollution." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14276.

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Radioisotopes can be defined as the radioactive isotopes of an element. They refer to the atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons. The combination can occur naturally or by altering the atoms. Nowadays, radioactive materials have become major contributing pollutants for a lot of cases of disability and mortality in all over the world. They have become a serious fear of the human, environment, and aquatic organism, although they are exposed to low levels of exposure. Therefore, to overcome these problems, the effective and easier prevention strategies should be taken and encouraged by all related parties such as industries, residents, and government. Radioisotope becomes as an essential part in medical, radiography and other fields of research including the environmental study. One of the applications is they can be used as the indicators in order to identify the pollutant sources. This method can be applied in surface water around industrial area and non-industrial area. As the example, the standard limit concentration of Uranium is 10ppb while for Thorium is 0.50 ppb. The study regarding radioisotope usually uses analytical instruments, for example, Inductively Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Basically, this paper will give ideas on overview of radioisotope study and reference for acquiring a better quality of surface water in the present and future by using the environmental forensic study application.
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Ishizaki, A., K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, F. Fujishiro, H. Arai, N. Osada, H. Sugai, et al. "Concentration of Cs in plants and water resulting from radioactive pollution." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 318 (January 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2013.06.049.

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Jichao, Sun, and Wang Guangqian. "Research on underground water pollution caused by geological fault through radioactive stratum." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 297, no. 1 (November 6, 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-2312-y.

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Kitada, S., T. Oikawa, S. Watanabe, K. Nagai, Y. Kobayashi, M. Matsuki, K. Tsuchiya, et al. "Removal of radioactive iodine and cesium in water purification." Desalination and Water Treatment 54, no. 13 (July 24, 2014): 3494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.923205.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont"

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Hart, Christine. "Pharmaceutical Waste in Vermont: Results from a Survey on Purchasing, Use & Disposal." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/937.

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Pharmaceutical waste is an emerging form of waste with significant impacts on the environment. This study reports the results of a state-wide phone survey on pharmaceutical purchasing, use and disposal behavior among Vermont residents (n = 421). The objectives of this study were: 1) to compare the demographic nature of populations who purchase and use medicaton to those associated with leftover medication, and 2) to evaluate the impact of disposal behavior in Vermont and to recommend strategies to minimize pollution. The findings of this study showed that approximately 93% of survey participants reported purchasing of medication, 60% reported leftover medication and 25% reported disposing of medications down-the-drain or via municipal trash, both of which are known pathways leading to environmental pollution. Results indicate that pharmaceutical waste is common in Vermont and that disposal behavior may be contributing towards pollution. The conclusion of this study is that better management of pharmaceutical waste is needed to protect the environment and public health.
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Yang, Limin. "Stochastic modeling of water flow through a variably-saturated, heterogeneous field at Idaho National Laboratory uncertainty analysis /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/l%5Fyang%5F072805.pdf.

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Isam, Salih M. Musa. "Radon in natural waters : analytical methods, correlation to environmental parameters, radiation dose estimation, and GIS applications /." Linköping, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med820s.pdf.

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Considine, Ellen J. "Tritium transport at the Cambric site at NTS." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433408.

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Salih, Isam M. Musa. "Radon in natural waters : Analytical Methods; Correlation to Environmental Parameters; Radiation Dose Estimation; and GIS Applications." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medicinsk radiofysik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5221.

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Investigations of radon in natural water and its relation to physical and chemical parameters are outlined in this thesis. In particular, a method for measuring 222Rn in water at low concentrations (~20 mBq.l-1) is described, followed by discussions concerning the design and its application to study both radon and parameters influencing radon levels in natural waters. A topic considered is the impact of fluoride and other aquatic parameters on radon in water. Moreover, variables such as uranium series radionuclides and stable elements in water, bedrock and sediment radioactivity and geology are investigated in two case studies. This was performed by employing radiometric-, chemical-, statistical- and GIS & geostatistical- analyses. The general water chemistry and presence of some elements such as fluoride was observed to influence radon levels in water. Health aspects of radon in drinking water are discussed based on radiation dose assessments. The radiation doses are compared with and added to doses incurred from ingestion of uranium, radium and polonium isotopes in drinking water and inhalation of radon in air in order to estimate total exposures for different age categories. The results may have a potential for future epidemiological studies.
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Guiseppe, Vincente E. "Radon in Ground Water: A Study of the Measurement and Release of Waterborne Radon and Modeling of Radon Variation in Bedrock Wells." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GuiseppeVE2006.pdf.

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Rainey, Michael Patrick. "Airborne remote sensing of estuarine intertidal radionuclide concentrations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2275.

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The ability to map industrial discharges through remote sensing provides a powerful tool in environmental monitoring. Radionuclide effluents have been discharged, under authorization, into the Irish Sea from BNFL (British Nuclear Fuels Plc.) sites at Sellafield and Springfields since 1952. The quantitative mapping of this anthropogenic radioactivity in estuarine intertidal zones is crucial for absolute interpretations of radionuclide transport. The spatial resolutions of traditional approaches e.g. point sampling and airborne gamma surveys are insufficient to support geomorphic interpretations of the fate of radionuclides in estuaries. The research presented in this thesis develops the use of airborne remote sensing to derive high-resolution synoptic data on the distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in the intertidal areas of the Ribble Estuary, Lancashire, UK. From multidate surface sediment samples a significant relationship was identified between the Sellafieldderived 137Cs & 241Am and clay content (r2=0.93 & 0.84 respectively). Detailed in situ, and laboratory, reflectance (0.4-2.5mn) experiments demonstrated that significant relationships exist between Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) simulated reflectance and intertidal sediment grain-size. The spectral influence of moisture on the reflectance characteristics of the intertidal area is also evident. This had substantial implications for the timing of airborne image acquisition. Low-tide Daedalus ATM imagery (Natural Environmental Research Council) was collected of the Ribble Estuary on May 30th 1997. Preprocessing and linear unmixing of the imagery allowed accurate sub-pixel determinations of sediment clay content distributions (r2=0.8 1). Subsequently, the established relationships between 137Cs & 241Am and sediment grain-size enabled the radionuclide activity distributions across the entire intertidal area (92km2) to be mapped at a geomorphic scale (1.75m). The accuracy of these maps was assessed by comparison with in situ samples and the results of previous radiological studies within the estuary. Finally, detailed conclusions are made regarding radionuclide sinks and sources, and surface activity redistribution within the Ribble Estuary environment.
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Pawlisz, Andrew V. "Internal residues of the narcotic organic chemicals in the Cladoceran, Daphnia magna." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69519.

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The current work determined whether there is a constant tissue residue associated with narcotic compounds. In this investigation, the cladoceran, Daphnia magna was exposed to lethal levels (48h LC50) of ten, $ sp{14}$C-labelled, narcotic organic chemicals in a closed system. Exposure times, ambient concentrations, and body sizes were varied to evaluate their effects. The $ sp{14}$C-method developed in current work can detect chemicals in single D. magna in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 6310 mmol/kg. Moreover, the technique detected phobic and lipophilic chemicals equally well. The technique's sensitivity (nmol/kg) allowed for detection of differences in the internal concentrations of pollutants among the unaffected, immobilized, and dead D. magna. Immobilized D. magna contained between 0.14 mmol/kg and 200 mmol/kg of narcotics. On the average, however, the internal residues were 3.1 mmol/kg (95%CL = 3.1 $ pm$ 2.0). This agreed with literature values. The effects of time of exposure, ambient concentration, and body size on the tissue residues of narcotics varied with the chemical compound.
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Kenna, Timothy C. "The distribution and history of nuclear weapons related contamination in sediments from the Ob River, Siberia as determined by isotopic ratios of Plutonium, Neptunium, and Cesium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29059.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2002.
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This thesis addresses the sources and transport of nuclear weapons related contamination in the Ob River region, Siberia. In addition to being one of the largest rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, the bulk of the former Soviet Union's nuclear fuel reprocessing and weapons testing facilities (i.e. Mayak, Tomsk-7, and Semipalitinsk) are located within the Ob drainage basin. The atom ratios 240Pu/239Pu, 237Np/239Pu, and 137Cs/240Pu, measured by magnetic-sector ICP-MS, are used to distinguish between contamination derived from global fallout and contamination derived from local sources. Deposition chronologies estimated for sediment cores are used to construct a record of weapons related contamination at the sites sampled. Contaminant records indicate that in addition to debris from atmospheric weapons tests, materials derived from local sources have also played a role in nuclear weapons related contamination of the Ob region. Isotopic data presented in this study clearly demonstrate that non-fallout contamination has been transported the full length of the Tobol, Irtysh, and Ob Rivers (i.e. the tributaries draining Mayak, Semipalitinsk, and Tomsk-7, respectively). In several instances, unique isotopic compositions are observed in sediments collected from tributaries draining each of the suspected non-fallout sources. In such cases, these materials and their deposition ages have been used to link contamination in the Ob delta to Mayak, Tomsk-7, or Semipalitinsk. Linear transport rate estimates (km yr-1) indicate that contaminated sediments transit between source tributaries and the Ob delta on time-scales of [less than or equal to] l year.
(cont.) These estimates suggest that a catastrophic release of contamination due to dam failure at one of the many reservoirs located at both Mayak and Tomsk-7 that contain high levels of radioactive waste would result in measurable levels of contamination in the delta within as little as 1 year. Isotopic concentrations in sequentially extracted sediments containing weapons related contamination reveal that the majority of plutonium and neptunium (80 to 90 percent) behaves in a similar fashion regardless of the source and is removed by treating the sediments with citrate-dithionite. This indicates that plutonium and neptunium are not truly refractory and likely associate with redox sensitive sedimentary components. Isotopic ratios measured in extracted fractions suggest that only a minor fraction of contamination is associated with acid leachable or acid digestible sedimentary phases.
by Timothy Cope Kenna.
Ph.D.
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Cédat, Bruno. "Evaluation du procédé UV/H2O2 pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants en vue d’une réutilisation des eaux usées traitées en petites stations d’épuration." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI117/document.

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Dans un contexte de raréfaction de la ressource en eau, le traitement des eaux usées peut permettre de constituer des réserves d’eau durables et valorisables pour des usages variés tels que l’irrigation des cultures, la recharge de nappe phréatique ou encore une utilisation directe par les industries grandes consommatrices d’eau (cimenterie, aciéries…). Ainsi, la nécessité d’améliorer le traitement des eaux usées en sortie de STEU devient primordial afin d’assurer une qualité chimique et microbiologique de l’eau compatible avec sa réutilisation. Le traitement des micropolluants constitue notamment un nouveau défi pour les STEU. Si des projets de recyclage des eaux usées émergent pour les grandes STEU, le potentiel des petites ou moyennes STEU, qui constituent près de 90% des installations en France, reste inexploité à l’heure actuelle. Pour y remédier, les procédés d’oxydation avancée, notamment ceux basés sur l’UV, se présentent comme des solutions de traitement prometteuses. L’objectif de cette étude est de démontrer que la technologie UV/H2O2 est efficace et économiquement réaliste pour la désinfection et l’élimination des micropolluants organiques dans ces petites et moyennes STEU. Dans une première phase, un pilote de laboratoire UV/H2O2 a été évalué en conditions réelles (débit, matrice) sur des modèles bactériens et sur des micropolluants estrogéniques (E1, E2 et EE2) dans les eaux usées traitées d’une STEU. L’efficacité du traitement est comparée à celle de la photolyse seule. Il a été montré que le traitement UV/H2O2 permet une amélioration de la désinfection en assurant une destruction des bactéries contrairement à la photolyse seule qui ne fait qu’inactiver les micro-organismes. D’autre part, les doses UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) et les concentrations en H2O2 étudiées (30-50 mg/L d’H2O2) permettent d’abattre plus de 80% de l’ensemble des micropolluants ciblés et de l’activité biologique (estrogénicité) associée, sans former de sous-produits estrogéniques ou toxiques au regard des tests d’activité employés dans l’étude (YES et Vibrio Fisheri). Parallèlement, il a été montré que le procédé UV/H2O2 est également efficace pour éliminer plus de 70% des produits pharmaceutiques (diclofénac, ibuprofène et naproxène) à 1000 mJ/cm². Sur la base des paramètres de traitement établis en pilote de laboratoire, un prototype a été dimensionné pour la STEU de Vercia (filtre planté de roseaux, 1100 EH, Jura). Les conditions de traitement mises en œuvre (dose UV plus pertit 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) ont permis d’obtenir une eau de très haute qualité bactériologique et des abattements des micropolluants suivis supérieurs à 90%. Cette expérimentation à échelle réelle a permis d’estimer le coût global de cette technologie à environ 0,28 €/m³. L’ensemble de ce travail de recherche conclue à l’efficacité et au fort potentiel de la technologie UV/H2O2 pour le recyclage des eaux usées traitées des petites et moyennes STEU
Water scarcity is a growing concern worldwide. In this context, treated wastewater is seen as a sustainable water resource which could be used for different purposes such as irrigation, groundwater recharge or industrial activities. Reclaimed water is an environmentally and economically solution, still poorly developed in France. However, an increasing demand is expected in the coming years. Therefore, treatment enhancement in wastewater treatment plant could be necessary in order to meet chemical and biological water quality requirements which will depend on the final use of the treated water. The treatment of emerging micropollutants is one of the new challenge WTP will have to cope with. Enhanced treatment processes (ozonation, activated carbon, membrane filtration) have already been set up in large WTP but small and medium WTP, representing around 90% of the French WTP, are still lacking of affordable treatment solutions. However, UV based advanced oxidation process (AOP) could be a promising technology in order to produce a water of high quality. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that UV/H2O2 process is technically and economically efficient for the disinfection and the removal of micropollutants in small and medium WTP. First of all, a UV/H2O2 pilot at a laboratory scale was assessed on bacterial models as well as estrogenic micropollutants (E1, E2 and EE2) in treated wastewater. Treatment efficiency was compared to UV photolysis. It was shown that UV/H2O2 treatment increased the disinfection process by destroying the cellular membrane integrity whereas the UV photolysis could only inactive the bacteria. Moreover, when combining UV (plus petit 600 mJ/cm²) and H2O2 (30-50 mg/L), above 80% of the estrogenic compounds and the associated estrogenic activity could be removed. No high estrogenic or toxic by-products were detected by the two bioassays used in this study (YES and vibrio fisheri). The UV/H2O2 process could also degrade pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen (>70 % at 1000 mJ/cm²). In a second part, a full scale pilot was designed based on the previous results and set up in a WTP in Vercia (Jura). The treatment (UV fluence ≈ 1000 mJ/cm², [H2O2] = 15 mg/L) allowed to obtain a water of a very high bacteriological and chemical quality. The global cost of the process was estimated at around 0.28 €/m³. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process in a small WTP and its high potential for reclaimed water production
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Books on the topic "Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont"

1

Morrissey, Daniel J. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Vermont. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Morrissey, Daniel J. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Vermont. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Morrissey, Daniel J. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Vermont. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Morrissey, Daniel J. U.S. Geological Survey ground-water studies in Vermont. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Ziegler, Andrew C. Occurrence of selected pesticides, nutrients, selected trace elements, and radionuclides in ground and surface water from west-central Missouri--July 1990-March 1991. Rolla, Mo: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Kaisha, Mitsubishi Kakōki Kabushiki. Osui oyobi senjō haisuichū no hōshasei busshitsu no shori gijutsu: Kenmei : jisshi hōkokusho. [Kanagawa-ken Kawasaki-shi]: Mitsubishi Kakōki Kabushiki Kaisha, 2012.

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Arkhipov, B. V. Modelirovanie rasseivanii︠a︡ radioaktivnosti v morskoĭ srede. Moskva: Vychislitelʹnyĭ T︠S︡entr im. A.A. Dorodnit︠s︡yna Rossiĭskoĭ akademii nauk, 2012.

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Connor, Tim. Hot water: Groundwater contamination at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation : a report on the history of Hanford, previous and current releases of contaminated materials, and the independent study of researchers Norman Buske and Linda Josephson. Spokane, WA (325 S. Oak St., Spokane 99204): Hanford Education Action League, 1986.

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Radioatividade nas águas: Da Inglaterra ao Guarani. São Paulo, SP: Editora Unesp, 2004.

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Bonotto, Daniel Marcos. Radioatividade nas águas: Da Inglaterra ao Guarani. São Paulo, SP: Editora Unesp, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont"

1

Bugai, D. A., A. S. Skalskiy, and S. P. Dzhepo. "Water Protection Measures for Radioactive Groundwater Contamination in the CEZ." In Environmental Pollution, 203–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5349-5_7.

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Aslani, M. A. A., S. Aytas, S. Akyil, G. Gurboga, and M. Eral. "Measurement Of Radium-226 In Ground And Drinking Water By The Electrodeposition Technique." In Environmental Protection Against Radioactive Pollution, 179. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0975-1_31.

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Halitligil, M. B., and A. Akin. "Nitrogen And Water Regime Effects On Corn Yields Determined By N-15 Methodology." In Environmental Protection Against Radioactive Pollution, 225–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0975-1_39.

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Gül Göktepe, B., Güler Köksal, Iolanda Osvath, Nurdan Güngör, Emin Güngör, Abdullah Köse, Rezzan Küçükcezzar, et al. "Radioactivity Monitoring Of The Turkish Black Sea Coast As A Part Of The IAEA Model Project “Marine Environmental Assessment Of The Black Sea Region” And Nuclear Techniques For The Environmental Management Of Water Resources In Turkey." In Environmental Protection Against Radioactive Pollution, 19–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0975-1_3.

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Wang, Deane, Jean-Marcel Dorioz, Dominique Trevisan, David C. Braun, Lisa J. Windhausen, and Jean-Yves Vansteelant. "Using a Landscape Approach to Interpret Diffuse Phosphorus Pollution and Assist with Water Quality Management in the Basins of Lake Champlain (Vermont) and Lac Léman (France)." In Lake Champlain: Partnerships and Research in the New Millennium, 159–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4080-6_10.

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Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi, D. O’Connell, and F. Tamburini. "The Use of the δ18OP to Study P Cycling in the Environment." In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_1.

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AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilizers are known to increase crop productivity; however, when applied in excess, it can cause serious environment pollution. Monitoring P pollution in natural environments using stable isotopes has been difficult because P has only one stable isotope (31P) making the use of P stable isotope tracing not an option. Radioactive P isotopes (32P and 33P) have been used but its drawbacks are the short half-life, health risks and safety procedures required to apply them in agricultural catchments. Phosphorus in organic and inorganic P forms is strongly bonded to oxygen (O), which has three stable isotopes, providing a system to track P cycling in agricultural catchments and environment using the stable isotopes of O in phosphate (δ18O-PO4). In recent years, various studies have indicated that the analysis of the stable isotopic composition of oxygen (O) bound to P (δ18Op) to better understand P cycling in the environment, has become a promising tracer (surrogate) to investigate soil P transformation, plant P uptake and to trace the sources of P from the soil to water bodies and the environment. The chapter outlines the background and examples of δ18Op studies in sediments, soils, fresh water, mineral fertilizers and plants.
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Bell, Stuart, Donald McGillivray, Ole W. Pedersen, Emma Lees, and Elen Stokes. "14. Environmental permitting and integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC)." In Environmental Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198748328.003.0014.

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This chapter deals with the latest in a long series of attempts to streamline or integrate various industrial pollution control systems—a regime that began by bringing together integrated pollution prevention and control and waste management licensing but which now extends to water and groundwater discharge permits and controls on radioactive substances. The environmental permitting regime provides a broad, largely procedural, framework within which the substantive provisions of various European Directives are implemented across a range of industrial installations and waste management facilities. As such, it introduces few general changes of substance, merely reflecting, as many integrative measures have done, structural and administrative changes, and a reordering of what was already there.
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Biswal, Trinath, and Junaid Ahmad Malik. "Effect of Pollution on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–37. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.ch001.

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The soil is considered to be one of the most important substances for the existence of the biotic community. The quality of the soil is continually degrading due to the continuous exploitation of human activity. The superiority of a soil is rated on the basis of its chemical and physical characteristics. The contaminants added to the soil mainly because of human activity change the usual function and ecological properties and cause of negative impacts on agricultural productivity and soil health. The property of the soil is potentially affected by urban wastes, industrial wastes, sewage water, mining wastes, oil, radioactive wastes, deforestation, and massive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Heavy metal contamination of the soil is a vital environmental problem because it is the cause of adverse effects on the biological community through the contamination of the food chain. A continuous exposure of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the landfill sites causes leachate formation; this is percolated inside the soil leading to the change in properties.
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Wilshire, Howard G., Richard W. Hazlett, and Jane E. Nielson. "Creating the Nuclear Wasteland." In The American West at Risk. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142051.003.0012.

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“At the heart of the matter nuclear weapons are simply the enemy of humanity”— retired U.S. Air Force General Lee Butler, former Commander of Strategic Nuclear Forces, spoke these words in his testimony to a 1999 Joint Senate–House Committee on Foreign Affairs. They probably express the deep feelings of most of the world’s people, including most Americans. Towering mushroom blast clouds and the shapes of atomic weapons are common symbols of doom. The specter of nuclear weapons in the hands of terrorists haunts us, and the possibility of attacks on U.S. citizens with “dirty bombs”—a bomb made of conventional explosives that scatters radioactive materials—raises major concerns. As it should. Nuclear weapons and the nuclear waste that they generate truly are destructive to all life and must be controlled. If we fail to prevent their proliferation in the world and stop generating them ourselves, they could destroy us without respect for national boundaries—even without a real nuclear war or dirty bomb terrorist attacks. They already have poisoned great expanses of American lands from coast to coast. American soil, water, and air started accumulating radioactive pollution during the World War II race to build an atom bomb. Radioactive contaminants spread into the environment at every step in the process, from mining the uranium for bomb fuel and purifying and enriching the uranium to make plutonium, to detonating bombs to test them and disposing of the wastes. Radioactive materials currently contaminate buildings, soil, sediment, rock, and underground or surface water within more than two million acres administered by the U.S. Department of Energy in the 11 western states. All sorts of Americans were carelessly exposed to radioactive bomb fuels during WWII and the Cold War, but especially the atomic scientists, uranium miners, and bomb plant workers who were exposed to them every day. For nearly two decades, U.S. atomic bombs blew up and contaminated American lands. Both American soldiers at the test grounds and civilians on ranches or farms and in homes were exposed to the dangerous radioactive fallout (see appendix 5). Perhaps unknown to most Americans is the fact that radioactive contamination from U.S. atomic weapons tests also spread across the whole country and far beyond U.S. borders.
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Lytle, Mark H. "Environmental Battlegrounds." In The All-Consuming Nation, 306–29. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568255.003.0014.

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This chapter opens by revisiting the Tellico Dam/snail darter controversy that pitted environmental activism against the rising tide of conservative anti-regulatory fervor. Union members joined anti-environmentalists in blaming regulation as the cause of the nation’s economic woes, especially rampant inflation. On one side, you had increasingly radical environmental groups such as Earth First!, and on the other, the Sage Brush/Wise Use rebellion that found a welcome in the Reagan administration. The Spotted Owl controversy epitomized the growing rift. Reagan appointed such arch Sage Brush rebels as James Watt as secretary of the interior and Anne Gorsuch (mother of the Supreme Court nominee) at EPA to dismantle the programs they were charged to enforce. While the Wise Use movement emerged in the Western states, it had strong followings in the East as well, as conservatives fought regulations in the Adirondacks Park, zoning in Vermont, and preservation of clean water in the Delaware River Gap. Nimbys represented a new source of activism. These were often women fighting against local pollution and other threats to their families, homes, and communities. Lois Gibbs from Love Canal and Penny Newman from California were two of the most effective leaders to emerge. Other groups such as the Clamshell and Abalone Alliances opposed new nuclear power plants.
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Conference papers on the topic "Radioactive pollution of water – Vermont"

1

Birzul', Aleksei Nikolaevich, and Dmitry Aleksandrovich Pitilyak. "Study of Self-Purification of Water Body Physical Mechanism as Part of "Complex Usage of Water Resources" Academic Subject." In All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98698.

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The article highlights the methodological issues of physical self-purification mechanisms of water bodies; they are closely related to the problem of protection and multipurpose water resources utilization. Methods of enhancing the physical processes of water bodies’ self-purification are described and considered to be included in lectures in construction educational institutions. Radioactive, mechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal mechanisms are characterized in detail. According to the authors, knowing of the physical mechanisms of self-purification will decrease the depletion of water resources and reduce their pollution.
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Qu, Zhengzhe, Feng Xie, Baojie Nie, and Liang Wang. "Investigation of Transport Models of Radionuclides in Various Water Environments." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-88889.

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Abstract Concerning the Fukushima nuclear accident, many radionuclides were released into the marine environment, which caused contamination of many parts of the world through ocean circulation. Regarding inland nuclear power plants, freshwater habitats such as reservoirs and rivers could also be polluted by the radioactive effluents. Several models were developed to track radionuclide transport in the water environment. However, the applicability and characteristics of these models were not fully identified and compared, particularly for the different water environments. In this study, the research progress and application examples of radionuclide transport models in rivers and oceans in recent years are systematically summarized, and the methods for simulating radionuclide transport behavior in various water environments are compared. An adequate model is expected to be instrumental in assessing radioactive pollution in various water environments.
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Strömgren, Tobias, Sven Perzon, Martin Karlsson, and Eric Lillberg. "Prediction of Gas-Holdup in Filtered Containment Venting System." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30793.

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A filter system to be used in order to reduce the radioactive pollution when reducing the pressure in the containment in case of a severe accident is developed. The radioactive pollution will be captured in the vessel that acts as a bubble column. To be able to maximize the water content in order to ensure that the radioactive pollution is captured it is of importance to predict the swelled water level in the vessel. In this study is three different methods to predict the gas holdup is presented and compared to experimental results; empirical correlations, thermal-hydraulic codes and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The advantages and disadvantages with the different methods are discussed. Both Computational Fluid Dynamics and the thermal hydraulic code (Gothic) show good predictions of the water level. Using empirical models it is crucial to have knowledge of the two-phase flow region in the bubble column.
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Kugel, Karin, Peter Brennecke, Stephan Steyer, Detlef Gruendler, Wilma Boetsch, and Claudia Haider. "Control of Materials Harmful to Water in the German KONRAD Repository." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16125.

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In order to avoid a pollution of the near surface ground water during the post closure phase of the Konrad repository the acceptable amount of material harmful to water in the radioactive waste is restricted. For this purpose the KONRAD plan approval order includes waste requirements referring to the German water law (“water law permission”). In a first part of this contribution the water law permission for the KONRAD repository is introduced. This permission contains a list of materials harmful to water with the respective limitations in mass and many instructions and proposals regarding the registering and balancing of these materials as well as quality assurance aspects. The second part deals with the implementation of the water law permission in the waste acceptance criteria. The waste producer has to describe his waste in a standardized way with respect to the material composition. The operator of the repository has to check this description and to register and balance the materials and substances harmful to water. This procedure is based on a standardized list of materials and a list of containers. In the third part quality control measures used for the proof of the compliance with the acceptance criteria (with respect to the water law permission) are described. In particular objective of the quality control, possible quality control options and acceptable margins are dealt with.
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Wymer, Denis G., and Johan C. Botha. "Managing the Environmental Impacts of Low Activity Wastes From the South African Gold Mining Industry." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1257.

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Abstract Uranium mineralization is associated with the gold deposits in South Africa that have been mined for more than a century. Investigations of the radiological impacts on the environment reveal that the various radioactive wastes — mostly of low activity — associated with gold and by-product uranium production do not warrant the application of anything more than basic control measures. Non-radiological pollution of the water environment is a growing problem, however, aggravated by the closure and flooding of mines. Control measures to address this problem should, as a spin-off, limit the release of radionuclides, thus helping to control future radiological pollution.
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Ishizuka, Nobuo, Yuji Sato, Wataru Fujiwara, Yuki Yahiro, Seiji Yamamoto, Koji Negishi, Tadashi Fukushima, Hitoshi Sakai, and Norimasa Yoshida. "The Treatment of Hexavalent Chromium in Waste Liquid From Fugen Decommissioning." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40115.

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Authors have developed the new treatment technique for hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in the liquid waste. Cr6+ can be reduced to trivalent chromium (Cr3+) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under acidic condition with small amount of secondary waste. In 2010, this technique was applied to the cooling water for iron-water shield surrounding the core region in Fugen Nuclear Power Station of Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The concentration of Cr6+ and total chromium (Cr) were reduced to less than 0.5ppm and 2.0ppm in liquid waste, respectively. These values satisfy the water pollution prevention law.
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Kugel, Karin, Peter Brennecke, Stefan Steyer, Detlef Gruendler, Wilma Boetsch, and Claudia Haider. "Characterization of Radioactive Wastes With Respect to Harmful Materials." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96134.

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In addendum 4 to the license of the German KONRAD repository, which considers mainly radiological aspects, a water law permit was issued in order to prevent the pollution of the near-surface groundwater. The water law permit stipulates limitations for 10 radionuclides and 2 groups of radionuclides as well as mass limitations for 94 substances and materials relevant for water protection issues. Two collateral clauses, i.e. additional requirements imposed by the licensing authority, include demands on the monitoring, registering and balancing of non-radioactive harmful substances and materials /1/. In order to fulfill the requirements of the water law permit the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) being the operator of the KONRAD repository has developed a concept, which ensures the compliance with all requirements of the water law permit and which provides standardized easy manageable guidance for the waste producers to describe their wastes. On 15 March 2011 the competent water authority, the “Niedersaechsischer Landesbetrieb fuer Wasserwirtschaft, Kuesten- und Naturschutz” (NLWKN) issued the approval for this concept. Being the most essential part of this concept the procedural method and the developed description of non-radioactive waste package constituents by use of standardized lists of materials and containers is addressed and presented in this paper. The waste producer has to describe his waste package in a standardized way on the base of the lists of materials and containers. For each material in the list a comprehensive description is given comprising the composition, scope of application, quality control measures, thresholds and other data. Each entry in the list has to be approved by NLWKN. The scope of the lists is defined by the waste producers’ needs. Using some particular materials as examples, the approval procedure for including materials in the list is described. The procedure of describing the material composition has to be considered in the KONRAD waste acceptance requirements. The respective part of these requirements will be introduced. In order to clarify the procedure of describing waste packages by use of the standardized lists of materials and containers some examples of typical waste package descriptions will be presented.
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Linge, Igor I., Sergey S. Utkin, Yury G. Mokrov, and Evgeny G. Drozhko. "Current Status and Performance Assessment for the Techa Cascade of Reservoirs: Liquid Radioactive Waste Storage Facility." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96375.

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The Techa cascade of water reservoirs is the world’s largest open storage facility for liquid low-level radioactive waste. Its capacity is about 360 mln. m3, it occupies an area of more than 65 km2, the total activity accumulated in the water and sediments is about 6·1015 Bq. The major challenge facing the Techa cascade is virtually uncontrollable water level changes. The water level rise can cause significant pollution of the environment. From the late 1990’s onwards, the issue of the Techa cascade safety assurance is considered to be one of the major challenges pertaining to nuclear legacy for «Mayak» and Russia as a whole. Unlike other industrial water reservoirs the Techa cascade liquidation is estimated as highly unrealistic. The main objectives of the paper are: – brief results summary of the practical works on safety improvement at the Techa cascade carried out over the past decade; – introduction the works on the Techa cascade performance assessment; – determination of the existing risks and strategic areas for solving the problem.
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Brennecke, Peter W. "Safety-Related Aspects due to the Chemotoxicity of Radioactive Waste to Be Disposed of." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1232.

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Abstract According to the German disposal concept, all radioactive waste has to be emplaced in a repository constructed and operated in deep geological formations. To get a more detailed insight into site-specific safety-related issues, it is meaningful to perform additional investigations into the radiotoxicity and chemotoxicity. Thus, an evaluation including the hazard potential of organic and inorganic substances being the major constituents of waste packages to be disposed of becomes possible. In addition, possible releases via the water path must be investigated and assessed with regard to the safety of a repository during the post-closure phase, i.e. the radiological long-term effects (radionuclide-specific radiation exposures) as well as the possible pollution of near-surface groundwater by organic and inorganic substances. The latter will particularly take into account the principle of concern of section 34 “Reinhaltung” (Keeping Pure) of the Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG – Water Resources Management Act).
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Saito, Hiroshi, and Tomihiro Taki. "Remediation Strategy, Capping Construction and Ongoing Monitoring for the Mill Tailings Pond, Ningyo-Toge Uranium Mine, Japan." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96021.

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Abstract:
Ningyo-toge Uranium Mine is subject to the environmental remediation. The main purposes are to take measures to ensure the radiation protection from the exposure pathways to humans in future, and to prevent the occurrence of mining pollution. The Yotsugi Mill Tailings Pond in the Ningyo-toge Uranium Mine has deposited mining waste and impounded water as a buffer reservoir before it is transferred to the Water Treatment Facility. It is located at the upstream of the water-source river and as the impact on its environment in case of earthquake is estimated significant, the highest priority has been put to it among mine-related facilities in the Mine. So far, basic concept has been examined and a great number of data has been acquired, and using the data, some remediation activities have already done, including capping construction for the upstream part of the Mill Tailings Pond. The capping is to reduce rainwater penetration to lower the burden of water treatment, and to reduce radon exhalation and dose rates. Only natural materials are used to alleviate the future maintenance. Data, including settlement amount and underground temperature is now being acquired and accumulated to verify the effectiveness of the capping, and used for the future remediation of the Downstream with revision of its specifications if necessary.
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