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Journal articles on the topic 'Radioactive ion beam facilities'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Veselsky, M., J. Klimo, N. Vujisicova, and G. A. Souliotis. "Opportunities for nuclear reaction studies at future facilities." HNPS Proceedings 22 (March 8, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1924.

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Opportunities for investigations of nuclear reactions at the future nuclear physics facilities such as radioactive ion beam facilities and high-power laser facilities are considered. Post-accelerated radioactive ion beams offer possibilities for study of the role of isospin asymmetry in the reaction mechanisms at various beam energies. Fission barrier heights of neutron-deficient nuclei can be directly determined at low energies. Post-accelerated radioactive ion beams, specifically at the future facilities such as HIE-ISOLDE, SPIRAL-2 or RAON-RISP can be also considered as a candidate for production of very neutron-rich nuclei via mechanism of multi-nucleon transfer. High-power laser facilities such as ELI-NP offer possibilities for nuclear reaction studies with beams of unprecedented properties. Specific cases such as ternary reactions or even production of super-heavy elements are considered.
2

Blumenfeld, Y. "Radioactive ion beam facilities in Europe." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 19-20 (October 2008): 4074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.089.

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3

Laxdal, R. E., A. C. Morton, and P. Schaffer. "Radioactive Ion Beams and Radiopharmaceuticals." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 06 (January 2013): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179362681330003x.

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Experiments performed at radioactive ion beam facilities shed new light on nuclear physics and nuclear structure, as well as nuclear astrophysics, materials science and medical science. The many existing facilities, as well as the new generation of facilities being built and those proposed for the future, are a testament to the high interest in this rapidly expanding field. The opportunities inherent in radioactive beam facilities have enabled the search for radioisotopes suitable for medical diagnosis or therapy. In this article, an overview of the production techniques and the current status of RIB facilities and proposals will be presented. In addition, accelerator-generated radiopharmaceuticals will be reviewed.
4

Rifuggiato, D., L. Calabretta, L. Celona, F. Chines, L. Cosentino, G. Cuttone, P. Finocchiaro, A. Pappalardo, M. Re, and A. Rovelli. "Radioactive ion beam facilities at INFN LNS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 267 (January 1, 2011): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/267/1/012007.

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5

Dubois, M., O. Bajeat, C. Barué, V. Bosquet, P. Chauveau, S. Damoy, R. Frigot, et al. "Radioactive and Stable Ion Beam production at GANIL." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012070.

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Abstract GANIL Facilities deliver ion beams from Proton to Uranium up to 95MeV/A. The Cyclotron facility combined with the SPIRAL1 facility provides Stable Ion Beams (SIB) since 1983 and Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) since 2001 for Physics experiments. R&D of new stable and radioactive beams are continuously under progress matching physicist requirements. During the last ten years, the SPIRAL1 facility was upgraded to extend its capabilities to deliver RIBs of condensable elements. After a new one delivered in 2019, off-line R&D’s have been done on the Target Ions Source System and also on the Charge Breeder to improve efficiencies and achieve an operational and reliable facility. In parallel, the commissioning of the LINAC-SPIRAL2 facility started in 2019 with a proton beam production. In 2020, a 16 kW proton beam was delivered for the first time on the Neutron For Science physics area, and a 4 mA beam of 4He2+ was produced with the PhoenixV3 ECR ion source to mimic a deuteron beam. In this article, an overview of GANIL ion sources, beam properties and future developments are described.
6

Blumenfeld, Y., T. Nilsson, and P. Van Duppen. "Facilities and methods for radioactive ion beam production." Physica Scripta T152 (January 1, 2013): 014023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t152/014023.

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7

Yang, Yao, Youwu Su, Wuyuan Li, Weiwei Yan, Lina Sheng, Yang Li, Bo Yang, Wang Mao, and Lijun Wang. "Radiation protection considerations in radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 455 (September 2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.06.031.

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8

Cheal, B., and K. T. Flanagan. "Progress in laser spectroscopy at radioactive ion beam facilities." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 37, no. 11 (September 28, 2010): 113101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/11/113101.

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9

Espinoza, Catalina, Rimantas Lazauskas, and Cristina Volpe. "Search for sterile neutrinos at radioactive ion beam facilities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 447 (July 24, 2013): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/447/1/012063.

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10

Galès, S. "Towards the next generation of radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Physics A 722 (July 2003): C148—C156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(03)01351-4.

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11

Wollnik, H. "On-line isotope separators for radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 363, no. 1-2 (September 1995): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00163-8.

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12

Lapierre, A. "Time-dependent potential functions to stretch the time distributions of ion pulses ejected from EBIST." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0716.

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Electron beam ion sources and traps (EBIST) produce and trap highly charged atomic ions with an electron beam of high current density. The ions are confined in the radial space-charge potential of the electron beam and a long square-shaped axial electrostatic potential well. An important field of application of EBIST is charge breeding of highly charged ions at radioactive ion beam facilities. There, highly charged radioactive isotopes are accelerated by particle accelerators for experiments in nuclear astrophysics and to study the structure of unstable nuclei. The width in time of the ion pulses ejected from EBIST can often contain too many ions for nuclear physics detection systems to efficiently detect all single radioactive isotopes or related events. Neglecting the influence of ion–ion collisions on the extraction rate, this publication derives, for different initial thermal energy distributions of the trapped ions, the time-dependent trap-opening functions to stretch the time distribution of ion pulses ejected from an EBIST trapping potential for the release of ions at a constant rate over an extended extraction period.
13

Lichtenthäler, R., A. Lépine-Szily, V. Guimarães, and M. S. Hussein. "Facilities and Methods: Radioactive Ion Beam Facility in Brazil (RIBRAS)." Nuclear Physics News 15, no. 3 (July 2005): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10506890500454865.

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14

Eberth, J., G. Pascovici, H. G. Thomas, N. Warr, D. Weisshaar, D. Habs, P. Reiter, et al. "MINIBALL A Ge detector array for radioactive ion beam facilities." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 46, no. 1 (January 2001): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6410(01)00145-4.

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15

BHOWMICK, DEBASIS, ALOK CHAKRABARTI, D. N. BASU, PREMOMOY GHOSH, and RANJANA GOSWAMI. "EMPIRICAL FORMALISM FOR PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION AND PRODUCTION OF NEW NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI WITH RIBS." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 33 (October 30, 1998): 2665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398002837.

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The projectile fragment separator type radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities, being developed in different laboratories, provide the scope for producing many new exotic nuclei through fragmentation of high energy radioactive ion (RI) beams. A new empirical parametrization for the estimation of cross-sections of projectile fragments has been prescribed for studying the advantages and limitations of high energy RI beams for the production of new exotic nuclei. The parametrization reproduces the experimental data for the production of fragments from neutron-rich projectiles accurately in contrast to the existing parametrization which tends to overestimate the cross-section of neutron-rich fragments in most cases. The modified formalism has been used to compute the cross-sections of neutron-rich species produced by fragmentation of radioactive projectiles (RIBs). It has been found that, given any limit of production cross-section, the exoticity of the fragment increases rather slowly and shows a saturation tendency as the projectile is made more and more exotic. This essentially limits, to an extent, the utility of very neutron-rich radioactive beams vis-a-vis production of new neutron-rich exotic species.
16

Mertzimekis, T. J., and For the GANIL E535 Collaboration. "The Application of the High-Velocity Transient Field for the g(2^+_1) Measurement in the Neutron-rich 72Zn." HNPS Proceedings 20 (December 1, 2013): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2485.

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The first successful application of the recently developed High-Velocity Transient Field Technique (HVTF) on European soil was performed at GANIL. HVTF is an extension of the well established Transient Field (TF) technique, which utilizes immense hyperfine magnetic fields (10-100 kG) capable of inducing a spin precession of an excited nucleus. With the advent of radioactive beams, detailed explorations of such hyperfine fields have been carried out at larger-than-usual ion velocities in an effort to introduce the technique to large radioactive beam facilities. The neutron-rich radioactive 72Zn isotope is an ideal playground for HVTF. Coulomb excitation populated the 2^+_1 state in 72Zn nuclei, produced as fast secondary beams at GANIL and INFN-LNS, aiming to (a) calibrate the hyperfine field at these beam energies and (b) measure the g factor of 2^+_1 directly. The outcome of these experiments are reported and the application of the HVTF to magnetic-moment measurements are briefly described.
17

Ma, Y., B. Cui, R. Ma, B. Tang, L. Chen, Q. Huang, and W. Jiang. "The beam diagnostic instruments in Beijing radioactive ion-beam facilities isotope separator on-line." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 2 (February 2014): 02A716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4830035.

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18

Schmor, P. W. "Ion sources for radioactive ion beams in ISOL facilities (plenary)." Review of Scientific Instruments 73, no. 2 (February 2002): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430275.

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19

Oganessian, R. Ts. "Accelerated radioactive ion beams: Existing and planned facilities." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 50, S1 (January 2000): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10582-000-0054-5.

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20

Famiano, Michael A. "Nuclear mass measurements with radioactive ion beams." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 04 (April 2019): 1930005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319300054.

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Nuclear masses are the most fundamental of all nuclear properties, yet they can provide a wealth of knowledge, including information on astrophysical sites, constraints on existing theory, and fundamental symmetries. In nearly all applications, it is necessary to measure nuclear masses with very high precision. As mass measurements push to more short-lived and more massive nuclei, the practical constraints on mass measurement techniques become more exacting. Various techniques used to measure nuclear masses, including their advantages and disadvantages are described. Descriptions of some of the world facilities at which the nuclear mass measurements are performed are given, and brief summaries of planned facilities are presented. Future directions are mentioned, and conclusions are presented which provide a possible outlook and emphasis on upcoming plans for nuclear mass measurements at existing facilities, those under construction, and those being planned.
21

Sakurai, H. "Present and future radioactive ion beam facilities in the Middle East and East." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 19-20 (October 2008): 4080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.090.

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22

Mazzocco, Marco. "Production and Separation of Radioactive Ion Beams." EPJ Web of Conferences 227 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022701014.

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Radioactive nuclei play an important role in many astrophysical scenarios,from the Big-Bang Nucleo-synthesis to the standard solar model, from quiescent burning to the most explosive events that can occur in our universe. A huge effort has been made for more than thirty years to construct facilities able to deliver beams of radioactive nuclei with increasing intensity and better quality. This contribution revises the different mechanisms and the separation techniques employed for the production of Radioactive Ion Beams.
23

Gadelshin, Vadim Maratovich, Reinhard Heinke, Tom Kieck, Tobias Kron, Pascal Naubereit, Frank Rösch, Thierry Stora, Dominik Studer, and Klaus Wendt. "Measurement of the laser resonance ionization efficiency for lutetium." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3118.

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Abstract The development of a highly efficient resonance ionization scheme for lutetium is presented. A laser ion source, based on the all-solid-state Titanium:sapphire laser system, was used at the 30 keV RISIKO off-line mass separator to characterize different possible optical excitation schemes in respect to their ionization efficiency. The developed laser resonance ionization scheme can be directly applied to the use at radioactive ion beam facilities, e. g. at the CERN-MEDICIS facility, for large-scale production of medical radioisotopes.
24

Lamy, T., J. Angot, and T. Thuillier. "European research activities on charge state breeding related to radioactive ion beam facilities (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 2 (2008): 02A909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2819747.

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25

Alton, G. D., and Y. Zhang. "A fast effusive-flow vapor-transport system for ISOL-based radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 539, no. 3 (March 2005): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.11.027.

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26

HERFURTH, FRANK. "PRECISE NUCLEAR PHYSICS MEASUREMENTS WITH ION TRAPS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012434.

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Ion traps are well suited for precision measurements also with exotic and rare species as radioactive nuclei. They provide a well controlled storage volume, stable fields and the means to handle the ion sample. The applications are first of all precise mass measurements and the therewith connected physics questions. Furthermore, ion traps are used to manipulate slow ion beams, to purify samples for decay spectroscopy or to observe the decay itself to measure for instance the β - ν correlation. An overview of the existing ion trap facilities for radioactive nuclei is given.
27

Thuillier, T., J. Angot, M. Baylac, and T. Lamy. "Challenges and prospects of electron cyclotron resonance charge breeders applied to radioactive ion beam facilities." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 02 (February 26, 2019): P02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/02/p02030.

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28

Reiter, P. "γ-ray tracking with AGATA: A new perspective for spectroscopy at radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 463 (January 2020): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.05.041.

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29

Plaß, Wolfgang R., Timo Dickel, Ulrich Czok, Hans Geissel, Martin Petrick, Katrin Reinheimer, Christoph Scheidenberger, and Mikhail I.Yavor. "Isobar separation by time-of-flight mass spectrometry for low-energy radioactive ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 19-20 (October 2008): 4560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.079.

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30

Matoušek, V., M. Sedlák, M. Venhart, D. Janičkovič, J. Kliman, K. Petrík, P. Švec, P. Švec,, and M. Veselský. "TATRA: a versatile high-vacuum tape transportation system for decay studies at radioactive-ion beam facilities." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 812 (March 2016): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.12.039.

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31

Andrighetto, A., F. Borgna, M. Ballan, S. Corradetti, E. Vettorato, A. Monetti, M. Rossignoli, et al. "The ISOLPHARM project: A New ISOL production method of high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 48 (January 2018): 1860103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518601035.

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The ISOLPHARM project explores the feasibility of exploiting an innovative technology to produce extremely high specific activity beta-emitting radionuclides as radiopharmaceutical precursors. This technique is expected to produce radiopharmaceuticals that are virtually mainly impossible to obtain in standard production facilities, at lower cost and with less environmental impact than traditional techniques. The groundbreaking ISOLPHARM method investigated in this project has been granted an international patent (INFN). As a component of the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare–Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN–LNL), a new facility will produce radioactive ion beams of neutron-rich nuclei with high purity and a mass range of 80–160 amu. The radioactive isotopes will result from nuclear reactions induced by accelerating 40 MeV protons in a cyclotron to collide on a target of UC[Formula: see text]. The uranium in the target material will be [Formula: see text]U, yielding radioactive isotopes that belong to elements with an atomic number between 28 and 57. Isotope separation on line (ISOL) is adopted in the ISOLPHARM project to obtain pure isobaric beams for radiopharmaceutical applications, with no isotopic contaminations in the beam or subsequent trapping substrate. Isobaric contaminations may potentially affect radiochemical and radionuclide purity, but proper methods to separate chemically different elements can be developed.
32

Manzolaro, Mattia, Stefano Corradetti, Michele Ballan, Riccardo Salomoni, Alberto Andrighetto, and Giovanni Meneghetti. "Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Carbides for High Temperature Nuclear Applications." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102689.

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In the facilities for the production of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) according to the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique, a production target is typically impinged by a high-power primary beam, generating radioactive isotopes for basic research and technological applications. With the aim to guarantee an efficient extraction of the aforementioned isotopes, the production target must work in a high vacuum environment, at temperatures that are usually between 1600 °C and 2200 °C. Its main components are often characterized by intense temperature gradients and consequently by severe thermal stresses. Carbides are widely used for target manufacturing, and in this work a specific method for their thermal and mechanical characterization is presented and discussed. It is based on the comparison between experimental measurements and numerical simulations, with the introduction of the novel Virtual Thermoelastic Parameters approach for the structural verification procedure. High-performance silicon carbides (SiC) are taken as a reference to describe the method. Measured emissivity and thermal conductivity data are presented and discussed, together with the experimental estimation of material limitations for both temperature and stress fields. The aforementioned results can be promptly used for the design process of high-power ISOL targets.
33

Charles, Chris R. J., Friedhelm Ames, Oliver Kester, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, Carla Babcock, Brad E. Schultz, Cameron Peters, et al. "Production of Radioactive Molecular Ions in Radiofrequency Quadrupole Gas-Reaction Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012100.

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Abstract Limited types of radioactive molecules (RM) can be made inside hot-cavity targets at ISOL facilities like TRIUMF. However, extreme conditions in these targets present formidable unsolved challenges to efficient production and delivery of RM’s. Here we propose using RFQ gas-reaction cells to produce RM from radioactive ion beams (RIB) by room temperature RIB-gas chemical reactions at eV energies. Two options are possible: (1) using an ion reaction cell (IRC) that is a linear RFQ ion guide and reaction cell used as an ‘on-line ion source’, and (2) using the ARIEL RFQ cooler-buncher (ARQB). RFQ gas-cells are a controllable and efficient method to produce RM from chemical reactants that cannot be used in ISOL targets. This ‘online chemistry’ offers a way to enable groundbreaking Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics research, using a wide diversity of new rare and exotic RM beams that would be difficult or impossible to produce in hot-cavity targets.
34

Correia, J. G., J. P. Araújo, J. G. Marques, A. R. Ramos, A. A. Melo, and J. C. Soares. "Electron-Gamma PAC: New Possibilities for NQI Studies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2000): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-203.

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The application of hyperfine interaction techniques to problems in solid state physics has been stead-ily growing over the last decade with the use of radioactive ion beam facilities such as ISOLDE at CERN. New applications of the e--γ Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) technique are underway at ISOLDE using probe nuclei with highly converted cascades. In this paper we present the motivation for extend-ing PAC experiments to elements/isotopes not usable with the conventional γ-γ PAC technique. Examples will be shown where the long-lived 73As/ 73Ge, the short lived 127Ba/ 127Cs and the 197mHg/ 197Hg decay cascades are applied to measurements of nuclear quadrupole interactions in materials.
35

Mazzocco, Marco. "RIB production and related experiments at EXOTIC." EPJ Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818401012.

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Radioactive nuclei have a very deep relevance in many astrophysical scenarios, from the Big Bang nucleo-synthesis to supernova explosions. Several Nuclear Physics laboratories around the world have been constructing large-scale facilities for the production of Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs). The main production techniques, i.e. In-Flight and Isotope Separation On Line, which will be reviewed in this contribution. In particular, we will concentrate on the production of light weakly-bound RIBs at the facility EXOTIC, located at INFN-LNL (Italy) and we will describe the most recent experiments.
36

SIMON, H. "TECHNICAL REALIZATION OF THE ELISe EXPERIMENT AT FAIR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012409.

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The ELISe experiment addresses the physics, scattering electrons off radioactive ions in colliding kinematics for the first time. It is an integral part of the FAIR facility as specified in the Baseline Technical Report.1 The physics addressed covers elastic and inelastic scattering experiments for the study of charge distributions, the electromagnetic response and the single particle structure via quasielastic scattering. Details on the programme can be found in our recent publication.2 The colliding beam kinematics allows for a complete reconstruction of the excitation and deexcitation process, measured via the electron and decay products with a close to 4π solid angle coverage. This complements and enhances the opportunities of the only other expected electron scattering experiment world-wide called SCRIT3 that aims for elastic scattering studies, and is especially suited for ISOL type facilities. The high centre-of-mass energy for the colliding beams, the fully identified target like ion beam, and the high reachable luminosities up to a few times 1029 cm-2s-1 will allow to extend the projected studies exploring also the inelastic channels. In this paper, the technical design of ELISe is presented.
37

Matta, Adrien. "Outlook on software framework in low and intermediate energy nuclear physics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2438, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2438/1/012006.

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Abstract Over the past decades nuclear physics experiments have seen a drastic increase in complexity. With the arrival of second generation radioactive ion beam facilities all over the world, the run for exploring more and more exotic nuclei is raging. The low intensity of RI-beams requires more complex setup, larger solid angle coverage and detection of a wider variety of charged and neutral particles. Design, construction and operation of a variety of complex instruments used in such experiments require many software developments. The short lifetime of experimental setups and multiple combinations of instruments demand a strong methodology. As the community is shifting to this new paradigm, the quest for the optimum framework is becoming central in the field. In this outlook we will introduce the specificity of the nuclear physics community, technical needs of such frameworks, and give an overview of the existing ones, with an emphasize on the difficult balance between computing performances, versatility and integration with other frameworks.
38

Isaev, Timur A., Shane G. Wilkins, and Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis. "On the Feasibility of Rovibrational Laser Cooling of Radioactive RaF+ and RaH+ Cations." Atoms 9, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9040101.

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Polar radioactive molecules have been suggested to be exceptionally sensitive systems in the search for signatures of symmetry-violating effects in their structure. Radium monofluoride (RaF) possesses an especially attractive electronic structure for such searches, as the diagonality of its Franck-Condon matrix enables the implementation of direct laser cooling for precision experiments. To maximize the sensitivity of experiments with short-lived RaF isotopologues, the molecular beam needs to be cooled to the rovibrational ground state. Due to the high kinetic energies and internal temperature of extracted beams at radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities, in-flight rovibrational cooling would be restricted by a limited interaction timescale. Instead, cooling techniques implemented on ions trapped within a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher can be highly efficient due to the much longer interaction times (up to seconds). In this work, the feasibility of rovibrationally cooling trapped RaF+ and RaH+ cations with repeated laser excitation is investigated. Due to the highly diagonal nature between the ionic ground state and states in the neutral system, any reduction of the internal temperature of the molecular ions would largely persist through charge-exchange without requiring the use of cryogenic buffer gas cooling. Quasirelativistic X2C and scalar-relativistic ECP calculations were performed to calculate the transition energies to excited electronic states and to study the nature of chemical bonding for both RaF+ and RaH+. The results indicate that optical manipulation of the rovibrational distribution of trapped RaF+ and RaH+ is unfeasible due to the high electronic transition energies, which lie beyond the capabilities of modern laser technology. However, more detailed calculations of the structure of RaH+ might reveal possible laser-cooling pathways.
39

Morales, A. I. "β-decay studies across N = 126." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012048.

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Abstract With the advent of the first Radioactive Ion Beam facilities of new generation, the investigation of the neutron-rich side of the nuclear chart has experienced an impressive progress. However, the discovery and study of new nuclear species in the region around the heaviest known neutron shell closure, N = 126, is still one of the most coveted experimental challenges. At a slower pace, the exploitation of alternative reaction mechanisms and/or advanced instrumentation has opened the possibility to investigate the isomeric and β decay of new, moderately neutron-rich N ∼ 126 nuclei. These are of relevance for the understanding of the nuclear structure below the doubly-magic 208Pb and for their role in the synthesis of the trans-bismuth fissile elements in the r process. In this contribution, a general overview of the β-decay experiments performed at both sides of N = 126 is provided, with a main focus on the experiments carried out at the fragmentation facilities GSI and RIBF.
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Motizuki, Y., T. Tachibana, S. Goriely, and H. Koura. "Required precision of mass and half-life measurements for r-process nuclei planned at future radioactive-ion-beam facilities." EAS Publications Series 11 (2004): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas:2004016.

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41

Mertzimekis, T. J. "Investigation of the Transient Field at High Velocities by magnetic-moment measurements in 74Ge and 70Zn." HNPS Proceedings 18 (November 23, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2560.

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The advent of radioactive beams at large experimental facilities has moti- vated extensive research work on the expansion of techniques to accommodate higher ion velocities. The application of the Transient Field technique in measuring magnetic moments of excited states in energetic nuclei is investigated at the INFN-LNS in Catania by means of re-measuring the g(2+1 ) factors in 74Ge and 70Zn. The description of the experiment method and some preliminary angular correlation results are presented.
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Ballan, Michele, Stefano Corradetti, Mattia Manzolaro, Giovanni Meneghetti, and Alberto Andrighetto. "Thermal and Structural Characterization of a Titanium Carbide/Carbon Composite for Nuclear Applications." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238358.

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In the framework of ISOL (isotope separation on-line) facilities, porous carbides are among the most employed target materials for the production of radioactive ion beams for research. As foreseen by the ISOL technique, a production target is impinged by an energetic particle beam, inducing nuclear reactions from such an interaction. The resulting radionuclides are subsequently released, thanks to the high target working temperature (1600–2000 °C); ionized; and extracted into a beam. Since the target microstructure and porosity play a fundamental role in the radionuclide release efficiency, custom-made target materials are often specifically produced, resulting in unknown thermal and structural properties. Considering that such targets might undergo intense thermal stresses during operation, a thermal and structural characterization is necessary to avoid target failure under irradiation. In the presented work, a custom-made porous titanium carbide that was specifically designed for application as an ISOL target was produced and characterized. The thermal characterization was focused on the evaluation of the material emissivity and thermal conductivity in the 600–1400 °C temperature range. For the estimation of a reference material tensile stress limit, the virtual thermoelastic parameter approach was adopted. In particular, for the aforementioned temperature range, an emissivity between 0.7 and 0.8 was measured, whereas a thermal conductivity between 8 and 10 W/mK was estimated.
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Khwairakpam, O. S., E. Mariotti, D. Scarpa, P. Nicolosi, A. Khanbekyan, A. Arzenton, S. Ferracane, and A. Andrighetto. "Laser photo-ionization study of nat Ag using opto-galvanic signal at SPES offline laser lab." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): C12009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/12/c12009.

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Abstract Resonant Ionization Laser Ion Source (RILIS) is one of the most advancing techniques for the production of radioactive ion beams (RIBs) in ISOL facilities. SPES project at INFN-LNL is a second generation ISOL facility which aims to produce several isotopes in a couple of years. Within the framework of this project, resonant photo-ionization schemes of several elements are studied in the offline laser lab, to be later implemented in the SPES Laser Ion Source. Silver is one of the elements being studied for the stated purpose. In this article, we report a resonant photo-ionization scheme of silver tested with a hollow cathode lamp (HCL). Evidence of high lying Rydberg states around 60945.32 cm−1 has also been observed by studying the fast opto-galvanic signal detected.
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Karthika, C., C. Kokila, and M. Balasubramaniam. "Appearance / Disappearance of Magic Number in Light Nuclei." Journal of Nuclear Physics, Material Sciences, Radiation and Applications 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jnp.2021.91018.

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The shell structure of a nucleus is important to study their observed characteristic features. The classic magic numbers are successful in explaining the nuclear properties for nuclei lying near the stability line. The advent of radioactive ion beam facilities has permitted to examine nuclei in their extreme proton to neutron ratio. The light exotic nuclei were found to exhibit unique shell closure behaviour which is different from the medium mass nuclei near the stability line. The two nucleon separation energy difference systematics was used as a probe to study the magic character of light nuclei. New proton and neutron magic numbers were predicted among the available even Z isotopes and even N isotones. For certain systems, the classic magic numbers were found to be non-magic, while for some systems the magic property is retained even at the drip lines. The shell closure behaviour predicted is found to depend on the version of the mass table.
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Trache, Livius. "Nuclear astrophysics studies at NIPNE." EPJ Web of Conferences 227 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022701016.

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I will present results of doing nuclear astrophysics research at the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele in the last 2-3 years. Own Nuclear Astrophysics Group (NAG) is focused on the basic types of experiments: -Direct measurements at low and very low energies with ion or alpha beams from the local 3 MV tandetron accelerator. We concentrate on activation measurements. The use of the ultra-low background laboratory in a salt mine at Slanic-Prahova, about 120 km away and of a beta-gamma coincidence unit at home is providing competitive sensitivity. -Indirect measurements done with beams at international facilities with radioactive beams: TAMU and RIBF RIKEN. With help from colleagues, I will mention some theory advances, too.
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José, Jordi. "Nucleosynthesis in Type Ia Supernovae, Classical Novae, and Type I X-Ray Bursts. A Primer on Stellar Explosions." EPJ Web of Conferences 297 (2024): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429701006.

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Nuclear astrophysics aims at unraveling the cosmic origins of chemical elements and the physical processes powering stars. It constitutes a truly multidisciplinary field, that integrates tools, advancements, and accomplishments from theoretical astrophysics, observational astronomy, cosmochemistry, and theoretical and experimental atomic and nuclear physics. For instance, the advent of high-energy astrophysics, facilitated by space-borne observatories, has ushered in a new era, offering a unique, panchromatic view of the universe (i.e., allowing multifrequency observations of stellar events); supercomputers are also playing a pivotal role, furnishing astrophysicists with computational capabilities essential for studying the intricate evolution of stars within a multidimensional framework; cosmochemists, through examination of primitive meteorites, are uncovering tiny fragments of stardust, shedding light on the physical processes operating in stars and on the mechanisms that govern condensation of stellar ejecta into solids; simultaneously, nuclear physicists managed to measure nuclear reactions at (or close to) stellar energies, using both stable and radioactive ion beam facilities. This paper provides a multidisciplinary view on nucleosynthesis accompanying stellar explosions, with a specific focus on thermonuclear supernovae, classical novae, and type I X-ray bursts.
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Bonatsos, Dennis, Andriana Martinou, Spyridon K. Peroulis, Theodoros J. Mertzimekis, and Nikolay Minkov. "Shape Coexistence in Even–Even Nuclei: A Theoretical Overview." Atoms 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11090117.

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The last decade has seen a rapid growth in our understanding of the microscopic origins of shape coexistence, assisted by the new data provided by the modern radioactive ion beam facilities built worldwide. Islands of the nuclear chart in which shape coexistence can occur have been identified, and the different microscopic particle–hole excitation mechanisms leading to neutron-induced or proton-induced shape coexistence have been clarified. The relation of shape coexistence to the islands of inversion, appearing in light nuclei, to the new spin-aligned phase appearing in N=Z nuclei, as well as to shape/phase transitions occurring in medium mass and heavy nuclei, has been understood. In the present review, these developments are considered within the shell-model and mean-field approaches, as well as by symmetry methods. In addition, based on systematics of data, as well as on symmetry considerations, quantitative rules are developed, predicting regions in which shape coexistence can appear, as a possible guide for further experimental efforts that can help in improving our understanding of the details of the nucleon–nucleon interaction, as well as of its modifications occurring far from stability.
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Politi, Giuseppe, Luis Acosta, Maria Victoria Andrés, Lucrezia Auditore, Christian Beck, Tomasz Cap, Giuseppe Cardella, et al. "Isospin effects on reaction dynamics at Fermi energies." EPJ Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819407003.

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The study of nuclei properties and of collision dynamics is a very active research field whose result have implications in different domains as for example astrophysics. The present and future facilities delivering radioactive ion beams with high intensity allow to extend these studies in the region far from the stability valley. New insight has thus been found on the effects of neutron richness on reaction mechanisms as well as on nuclear structure and nuclear matter properties, as for instance, the role of symmetry energy term of the nuclear Equation of State. The presence of diverse reaction products demands for highly performing and very specialized devices, also able to disentangle among different mechanisms, from fast dynamical processes to statistical emission from equilibrated sources. Numerous studies of the effects of N/Z ratio on fusion and associated processes can be found at different energies, together with many examples of the influence of neutron richness on the reaction time scale and the competition between equilibrated and prompt processes. A survey of very recent findings obtained with the CHIMERA and FARCOS devices is presented.
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Pino, Felix, Jessica Delgado, Giorgia Mantovani, Lucio Pancheri, Daniela Fabris, Cristiano L. Fontana, Vladimir Ruiz, Davide Brunelli, and Sandra Moretto. "Novel neutron detector assembly based on SiPM readout to be coupled with the Active Target for SPES." EPJ Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125301001.

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The Active Target ATS (Active Target for SPES) is a new time-projection chamber designed for reaction and decay studies with nuclei far from stability. The physics cases for the new-generation active target are related to the ongoing developments of facilities for radioactive ion beams. Thanks to its flexibility, this instrument will be capable of taking advantage of the most exotic beams which will become available at the SPES facility under construction at the Legnaro National Laboratories in Italy. Particular attention will be also paid to couple it with ancillary detectors, for both charged and neutral (gamma and neutrons) particles. In particular, in this work, we will focus the attention on the neutron ancillary detectors. The proposed prototype is a compact device able to discriminate, by performing pulse shape analysis, between neutrons and gamma. The device take advantage of recent improvements in silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology and the development of new plastic scintillators exhibiting neutron/gamma discrimination capability. Our work is focused on the read-out with silicon photomultipliers arrays of EJ-276 (and its old version EJ-299) and EJ-276G scintillators of several sizes (ranging from 20 mm to 50 mm diameter). Moreover, we will show the comparison of discrimination performances between SiPM and standard photomultiplier read-out configurations.
50

Guerreau, D. "Radioactive beam facilities: European perspectives." European Physical Journal A 13, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja1339-44.

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