Journal articles: 'Radioactif element'

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García, Adrián Carrillo, Mohammad Latifi, Ahmadreza Amini, and Jamal Chaouki. "Separation of Radioactive Elements from Rare Earth Element-Bearing Minerals." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111524.

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Rare earth elements (REE), originally found in various low-grade deposits in the form of different minerals, are associated with gangues that have similar physicochemical properties. However, the production of REE is attractive due to their numerous applications in advanced materials and new technologies. The presence of the radioactive elements, thorium and uranium, in the REE deposits, is a production challenge. Their separation is crucial to gaining a product with minimum radioactivity in the downstream processes, and to mitigate the environmental and safety issues. In the present study, different techniques for separation of the radioactive elements from REE are reviewed, including leaching, precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion chromatography. In addition, the waste management of the separated radioactive elements is discussed with a particular conclusion that such a waste stream can be employed as a valuable co-product.

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Wu, Dun, Yuanyuan Wang, Meichen Wang, Chao Wei, Guangqing Hu, Xiaoli He, and Wei Fu. "Basic Characteristics of Coal Gangue in a Small-Scale Mining Site and Risk Assessment of Radioactive Elements for the Surrounding Soils." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060647.

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The accumulation/improper treatment of coal gangue will not only lead to waste of land, but also cause environmental pollution. Especially the impact of radioactive elements on the surrounding ecological environment is widely concerned by many scholars. In this study, the concentration of radioactive elements (uranium (U) and thorium (Th)) of small-scale coal gangue mining site and surrounding soil in the northern region of Xieqiao coal mine were tested, the material composition of coal gangue was analyzed via XRF and XRD, the modes of occurrence of U and Th elements were investigated, and their potential ecological risks and ecological effectiveness were evaluated. The results show that the clay minerals with high content in coal gangue are the key minerals for the adsorption of uranium and thorium in coal gangue. The specific activity of two radioactive elements (U and Th) in soil is much lower than that of coal gangue. With the increase of the distance from the soil collection point to the gangue piles and the depth of the soil profile, the specific activities of the two radioactive elements decrease gradually. On the basis of the concentration curve, the range of the radioactive contamination halo of gangue piles is limited (≤30 m), speculating qualitatively that the gangue dump has no significant influence on the radioactivity of the surrounding water. The modes of occurrence of U and Th in coal gangue and soil are altered. According to the index of geo-accumulation, Th is easier to accumulate in soil environment, but Th and U pollution in soil is not obvious. In contrast to U element, the active state of Th element in soil is generally affected by exogenous (coal gangue) export, which may have a potential environmental effects. This study provides a research idea for the investigation of radioactive element pollution to the surrounding soil in small-scale coal gangue plies.

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Holden, Norman E., Tyler B. Coplen, John K. Böhlke, Lauren V. Tarbox, Jacqueline Benefield, John R. de Laeter, Peter G. Mahaffy, et al. "IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) for the Education Community (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 1833–2092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0703.

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AbstractThe IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes (IPTEI) was created to familiarize students, teachers, and non-professionals with the existence and importance of isotopes of the chemical elements. The IPTEI is modeled on the familiar Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements. The IPTEI is intended to hang on the walls of chemistry laboratories and classrooms. Each cell of the IPTEI provides the chemical name, symbol, atomic number, and standard atomic weight of an element. Color-coded pie charts in each element cell display the stable isotopes and the relatively long-lived radioactive isotopes having characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions that determine the standard atomic weight of each element. The background color scheme of cells categorizes the 118 elements into four groups: (1) white indicates the element has no standard atomic weight, (2) blue indicates the element has only one isotope that is used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, (3) yellow indicates the element has two or more isotopes that are used to determine its standard atomic weight, which is given as a single value with an uncertainty, and (4) pink indicates the element has a well-documented variation in its atomic weight, and the standard atomic weight is expressed as an interval. An element-by-element review accompanies the IPTEI and includes a chart of all known stable and radioactive isotopes for each element. Practical applications of isotopic measurements and technologies are included for the following fields: forensic science, geochronology, Earth-system sciences, environmental science, and human health sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.

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Yeşiloğlu, Sevinç Nihal. "Investigation of pre-service chemistry teachers’ understanding of radioactive decay: a laboratory modelling activity." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 20, no. 4 (2019): 862–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9rp00058e.

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The first purpose of this study was to introduce a laboratory modelling activity focusing on teaching the concepts of radioactive elements/atoms, radioactive decay, and half-life. The second was to investigate pre-service chemistry teachers’ understanding of these concepts. Fifteen pre-service chemistry teachers who had enrolled in a Physical Chemistry Laboratory course participated in the study. The participants simulated the radioactive decay process of an imaginary radioactive element called Cornium during the laboratory modelling activity. In this way, pre-service chemistry teachers were able to visualize and model what is meant by radioactive decay and half-life. Data sources included responses given to open-response conceptual questions, participants’ drawings about radioactive decay and half-life, semi-structured interviews, activity worksheets, and observation notes. Qualitative analysis of data revealed that the pre-service chemistry teachers had misconceptions about the definition of radioactive elements/atoms, radioactive decay, and the half-life process before the activity. The role of the modelling activity in exposing and eliminating these misconceptions was discussed.

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Gurin, A., Y. Chakrova, Z. Medvedeva, V. Zakharov, and Y. Kulakova. "ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OF RARE-EARTH ISOTOPES AT THE WWR-K RESEARCH REACTOR: PROMISING THERAPEUTIC RADIONUCLIDES." NNC RK Bulletin, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52676/1729-7885-2023-4-40-46.

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Rare Earth Elements (REE) are a group of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, including lanthanides and scandium and yttrium. These elements have unique physical and chemical properties that make them valuable in various industries, including electronics, magnets, and catalysts. However, radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements also possess effective nuclear physical properties that make them promising for the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic purposes. These radioactive isotopes have unstable atoms with excess nuclear energy, and they undergo radioactive decay, which can be utilized for medical applications.The nuclear physical properties of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements make them suitable for therapeutic purposes in medicine. For example, technetium-99m, a radioactive isotope of technetium, is widely used in diagnostic nuclear medicine due to its outstanding physical-chemical characteristics. Other radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements, such as holmium-166, have been established for a broad spectrum of medical applications. These isotopes can be used in targeted radiation therapy to treat various diseases, including cancer. The unique properties of these radioactive isotopes allow for precise targeting and delivery of radiation to specific tissues or cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.The potential of radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements for therapeutic purposes extends beyond the current applications. Ongoing research and innovations in the field of radiopharmaceuticals continue to explore the use of underutilized lanthanoid radionuclides for theranostic purposes. For example, astatine, a rare and highly radioactive element, exhibits multiple isotopes that can be potentially utilized in targeted therapy. The development of new radiopharmaceuticals using radioactive isotopes of rare earth elements holds promise for advancing medical treatments and improving patient outcomes. With further research and advancements, these isotopes may play a crucial role in the future of therapeutic medicine.This research work makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of obtaining REE such radioisotopes as: 90Y, 141Ce, 147Nd, 153Sm, 165Dy, 166Ho, 169Tm, 175Yb, 177Yb, 177Lu by reaction (n, γ) at the WWR-K reactor.

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Przylibski, Tadeusz Andrzej. "Radon: a radioactive therapeutic element." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 451, no. 1 (December 2, 2016): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp451.7.

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Marwan Rasheed Abass. "Measurement of radon concentration for models of living and non-living things in Samarra and its environs." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, no. 1 (February 8, 2023): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i1.1147.

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This research included a study of the proportion of radioactive elements naturally and in particular element of radioactive radon in parts of the body directly relevant to the lives of human organisms in Samarra and its surroundings , where collected samples from the teeth of human bones and some animals (cattle , sheep , goats and chickens , local fish and imported ) , as well as some of the pastes Tooth based on the principle that radioactive elements are concentrated in the bones for living organisms using reagents nuclear effect SSNTDs Results indicated that the largest gas radon concentration was in the bones of cows 1932 ± 162 and less concentration of radon was in a group dental age 45 years 198 ± 243 As for the toothpaste was the highest concentration in the teeth Sensodyne toothpaste 186 ± 150 and less concentration in toothpaste devoted 167 ± 123.

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., Irvani, and Janiar Pitulima. "PROMINE." PROMINE 5, no. 2 (January 3, 2017): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/promine.v5i2.916.

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As one of the island that producing tin ore mineral (cassiterite), Bangka Island has probably a bigpotential of tin associated mineral that contains radioactive elements like Thorium (Th) and Uranium(U). Th and U can be one of potential future prospect elements expecially for nuclear energy. Th andU elements bearing minerals in Bangka Island not yet exploited. They take out from the tin ore miningand becoming tailing, and then through the surface water flows or shallow sea water as sediment. Thestudy goal is to getting the number of radioactive Th and U elements using surface sediment sampleand then interpretation some part of their spatial distribution form. The Surface sediment data hasbeen collected on 2 sites Kolong in Muntok District West Bangka Regency, 3 sites in MerawangDistrict Bangka Regency, 9 sites in Pangkalpinang City, 2 sites in Central Bangka Regency and 2sites in South Bangka Regency. Chemistry analysis of sediments for identification the presence of Thand U elements. Radioactive element of Uranium (U) almost presence at all shallow surfacesediment 4.842 - 229.2 ppm except nul in 1 sample. Thorium (Th) just presence in a part of sedimentsample. One site as especially case study Kacang Pedang Retention Ponds, shows Th and Uradioactive elements has the heterogenity spatial pattern.

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Budin, O. N., I. V. Kuznetsov, M. Y. Kalenova, S. A. Krasikov, and A. S. Shchepin. "DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS DURING SLAG REMELTING OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS OF VVER FUEL ELEMENT SHELLS." Расплавы, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0235010623020020.

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At the radiochemical plant of FSUE “PO “Mayak” in the process of processing spent nuclear fuel (SNF), about 170 tons/year of metal radioactive waste (MRW) are formed, mainly represented by fuel element shells structural materials (SM) containing residual amounts of radionuclides after fuel dissolution, and spent fuel assemblies (SFAS) sent to storage. It is possible to achieve compaction and decontamination of MRW by a method based on slag remelting in an induction furnace with a cold crucible. In order to establish the distribution of actinides and fission products (FP), thermodynamic slag remelting process modeling of the VVER-1000 reactor plant SM fuel rods shells and SFAS, experimental data obtained verification were carried out. The most probable distribution of actinides and FP by melting products is shown. Most of the curium and americium are concentrated in the metal – 99 and 94 wt %, respectively. The maximum extraction of uranium into the slag phase in the form of UO2 dioxide is up to 40 wt %. The distribution of plutonium in the temperature range of 1500–2000°C over the slag (in the form of PuO and PuO1.61 oxides) and metal phases occurs in almost equal proportions. It has been established that up to 99.78 wt % cesium, the content of europium and americium is 0.05 and 0.17 wt %, respectively.

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Tanaka, Masaomi, Daiji Kato, Gediminas Gaigalas, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Laima Radžiūtė, Pavel Rynkun, Smaranika Banerjee, and Nanae Domoto. "Modeling kilonova emission from neutron star mergers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 16, S363 (June 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921322000850.

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AbstractCoalescence of binary neutron stars gives rise to kilonova, thermal emission powered by radioactive decays of newly synthesized r-process nuclei. Observational properties of kilonova are largely affected by bound-bound opacities of r-process elements. It is, thus, important to understand atomic properties of heavy elements to link the observed signals with nucleosynthesis of neutron star mergers. In this paper, we introduce the latest status of kilonova modeling by focusing on the aspects of atomic physics. We perform systematic atomic structure calculations of r-process elements to understand element-to-element variation in the opacities. We demonstrate that the properties of the atomic structure of heavy elements are imprinted in the opacities of the neutron star merger ejecta and consequently in the kilonova light curves and spectra. Using this latest opacity dataset, we briefly discuss implications for GW170817, expected diversity of kilonova emission, and prospects for element identification in kilonova spectra.

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Vairagade, Tejas. "GUI Based 6-DOF Robotic Arm for Radioactive Element Handling." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 2094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59887.

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Abstract: Dealing with radioactive elements while research can be dangerous as it can have acute or passive effects on humans. In present scenario research is conducted on radioactive elements by humans after Wearing personal protective equipment such as coat, gloves, safety glasses and close-toed shoes. This equipment provide protection to some extend but still prolonged exposure to radio-active element or some accident can lead to great loss in human life. We can use 3 joint moving robotic arm controlled by GUI to handle radioactive elements while research. This will stop the human exposure to the harmful waves and also reduce chances of accident. The robotic arm has three joints controlled by Four servo-motors. These three joints allows the robotic arm to move to any point in the 3d plane and pick and place objects. The movement of the robotic arm and each of its joints can be controlled from any device with Wi-Fi & Bluetooth capability. An intuitive GUI is displayed in the browser of controlling device. The remote controlled properties and the control of movement is powered by ESP32 module. ESP32 is a system on chip processor which can be programmed as per requirement and has various I/O ports which allows for different motors and sensor connectivity. The ESP32 module is programmed from computer using Arduino IDE. C program is written & then uploaded on ESP-32. We’ve also added the functionality of recording action and then playing it once or multiple times by programming function of recording and playing action. The proposed system will reduce the requirement of humans while dealing with radioactive elements. The proposed system can perform various action on radioactive elements controlled from safe distance.

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BAI, Yunfei, Dezhong WANG, and Cheng LIU. "ICONE19-43888 NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE TOXIC ELEMENTS DETERMINATION METHOD FOR THE RADIOACTIVE WASTE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2011.19 (2011): _ICONE1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._icone1943_334.

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He, Li, Pengyi Lyu, Zhengwei He, Jiayun Zhou, Bo Hui, Yakang Ye, Huilin Hu, Yanxi Zeng, and Li Xu. "Identification of Radioactive Mineralized Lithology and Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Based on Remote Sensing in High-Latitude Regions: A Case Study on the Narsaq Region of Greenland." Minerals 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060692.

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The harsh environment of high-latitude areas with large amounts of snow and ice cover makes it difficult to carry out full geological field surveys. Uranium resources are abundant within the Ilimaussaq Complex in the Narsaq region of Greenland, where the uranium ore body is strictly controlled by the Lujavrite formation, which is the main ore-bearing rock in the complex rock mass. Further, large aggregations of radioactive minerals appear as thermal anomalies on remote sensing thermal infrared imagery, which is indicative of deposits of highly radioactive elements. Using a weight-of-evidence analysis method that combines machine-learned lithological classification information with information on surface temperature thermal anomalies, the prediction of radioactive element-bearing deposits at high latitudes was carried out. Through the use of Worldview-2 (WV-2) remote sensing images, support vector machine algorithms based on texture features and topographic features were used to identify Lujavrite. In addition, the distribution of thermal anomalies associated with radioactive elements was inverted using Landsat 8 TIRS thermal infrared data. From the results, it was found that the overall accuracy of the SVM algorithm-based lithology mapping was 89.57%. The surface temperature thermal anomaly had a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.63 with the total airborne measured uranium gamma radiation. The lithological classification information was integrated with surface temperature thermal anomalies and other multi-source remote sensing mineralization elements to calculate mineralization-favorable areas through a weight-of-evidence model, with high-value mineralization probability areas being spatially consistent with known mineralization areas. In conclusion, a multifaceted remote sensing information finding method, focusing on surface temperature thermal anomalies in high-latitude areas, provides guidance and has reference value for the exploration of potential mineralization areas for deposits containing radioactive elements.

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Dolchinkov, Nikolay Todorov, and Mihael Petkov Pavlov. "INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN ACCIDENTS IN ENTERPRISES WITH RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS OR DANGEROUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN BULGARIA." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 13, 2023): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7221.

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In the analysis of the meteorological elements that influence the spread of radioactive particles, radioactive isotopes and dangerous chemical substances on the territory of Bulgaria, the winds and air currents that form in the airspace over Bulgaria are considered. These are the main meteorological elements that most strongly influence the change in the radioactive background. Another element that has an impact is precipitation in its various manifestations - horizontal and vertical in appearance and depending on the aggregate state of the water. Due to their negligible influence on the radiation environment, we will exclude the remaining meteorological elements from the factors forming the natural indicators of the state of the atmosphere, water and soil. Their influence in areas where there are located large enterprises working with such substances is presented.The report examines the influence of the main factor - the movement of air masses at different altitudes in the atmosphere in the Ludogorie region and the Danube River as an area where NPPs are located in Bulgaria and Romania and which, in the event of an accident, would cause the greatest consequences. The winds in 3 cities from this region, which are located near these enterprises, are described and the corresponding analysis is made.

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Egdell, Russell G., and Elizabeth Bruton. "Henry Moseley, X-ray spectroscopy and the periodic table." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2180 (August 17, 2020): 20190302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0302.

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Just over 100 years ago, Henry Moseley carried out a systematic series of experiments which showed that the frequencies of the X-rays emitted from an elemental target under bombardment by cathode rays were characteristic of that element and could be used to identify the charge on its atomic nucleus. This led to a reorganization of the periodic table, with chemical elements now arranged on the basis of atomic number Z rather than atomic weight A, as had been the case in previous tables, including those developed by Mendeleev. Moseley also showed that there were four ‘missing elements’ before gold. With further measurements up to uranium Z = 92, the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn identified two more missing elements. This paper provides an introduction to Moseley and his experiments and then traces attempts to ‘discover’ missing elements by X-ray spectroscopy. There were two successes with hafnium (Z = 72) and rhenium (Z = 75), but many blind alleys and episodes of self-deception when dealing with elements 43, 61, 85 and 87. These all turned out to be radioactive, with extremely small natural abundances: all required synthesis by a nuclear reaction, with radiological characterization in the first instance. Finally, the paper moves on to consider the role of X-ray spectroscopy in exploring the periodic table beyond uranium. Although the discovery of artificial radioactive elements with Z > 92 again depended on nucleosynthesis and radiological characterization, measurement of the frequencies or energies of characteristic X-rays remains the ultimate goal in proving the existence of an element. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table’.

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Cowan, John J., Friedrich-Karl Thielemann, and James W. Truran. "Radioactive Dating of the Elements." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 29, no. 1 (September 1991): 447–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.29.090191.002311.

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Andini, Delita Ega, and Fajar Indah Puspita Sari. "KARAKTERISASI MINERAL DAN GEOKIMIA TAILING TAMBANG TIMAH PULAU BANGKA BAGIAN UTARA." Jurnal GEOSAPTA 6, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jg.v6i2.7162.

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Tailings in this study are the result of Jigs washing in the mining process. This 'mining waste' interesting to study because there is no information that explains the relationship between mineral content and geochemistry so that it has not been widely used. The method used to determine the mineral and geochemical characteristics of tailings is X-ray spectroscopy using XRD and XRF. The mineral found in the tin mine tailings on northern Bangka Island (Pemali, Jebus, Tempilang, and Mapur) is quartz and kaolinite. The trace element shows main Rare Earth Elements (REE) Ce, La, Nd, Sm, Ta, and Y with various concentrations. Radioactive elements are found: Uranium and Yttrium. They are thought to originate from type I granite rocks with acid-to-moderate magma-forming compositions. The affinity of magma forming granite tailings studied was High K Calc Alkaline and Calc-Alkaline. This explains the presence of REE and the radioactive elements in tailings even though they are not present in carrier minerals such as monazite and xenotime.

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Putri, Maharani Karunia, Albertus Djoko Lesmono, and Alex Harijanto. "SIMULASI ENERGI IKAT DAN ENERGI DISINTEGRASI PELURUHAN UNSUR RADIOAKTIF DERET AKTINIUM BERDASARKAN MODEL INTI TETESAN CAIRAN (TELAAH KLASIK)." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jpf.v10i1.23583.

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The purpose of this research is to make simulation with Matlab application to calculate the binding energy and disintegration energy of Actinium series based of liquid drop model approach. This research is experimental description. The steps: 1) prepare literature studies of elements in the radioactive process; 2) reviewing some literatures; 3) do calculation simulation; 4) analyze and discuss the results of calculations; 5) conclude the research results. The calculation results show that the binding energy value of the Actinium Series based of liquid drop model approach is in accordance with the theory where the binding energy is directly proportional to the mass and the number of particles, so that the binding energy decreases in linear graph. The largest binding energy owned by 92U235 element is 1786,751 MeV. While the smallest binding energy owned by the 81Tl20 element is 1616,311 MeV. The disintegration energy found in the radioactive actinium series has a positive value, so this is in accordance with the conditions for the occurrence of decay, which is Q> 0. The largest disintegration energy produced from alpha decay by element 91Pa231 is 4.9335 MeV and the smallest binding energy generated from beta decay by the element 90Th231 is 0,0018 MeV. Key Word: Disintegration Energy, Binding Energy, Liquid Drop Model Approach.

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Procházka, Václav, Ivan Suchara, Lenka Thinová, Jiří Mizera, Julie Sucharová, and Jakub Hraníček. "Stable and Radioactive Cesium in Natural Environment." Chemické listy 117, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20230501.

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Cesium is the heaviest stable alkali metal (with only one stable isotope – 133Cs) and it occurs mainly as a potassium-substituting cation. It is an important trace element in rocks typical for the Earth crust, and its content in biomass is also relatively high compared to those abiogenic elements which are little soluble. Low-cost analytical methods like X-Ray Fluorescence are inadequate to quantify cesium in typical natural samples, so that the usage of ICP-MS (Inductively-Coupled-Plasma Mass Spectrometry) or INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) is necessary. Nevertheless, investigation of the pollution with the radioactive isotope 137Cs, which is an important fission product and can be measured with gamma-ray spectrometry, also contributed to the knowledge of biogeochemistry of cesium. It has been shown that Cs is usually strongly retained in humus (thank to clay minerals), or is cycling intensely within the soil-biomass system, being only slowly removed (at least, this is valid for ecosystems in temperate climate). The results of extensive biomonitoring in Czech coniferous forests (with prevailing spruce) also show that Cs is concentrated in humus (relatively to all other alkali elements) by natural processes.

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Fayyadh, Ahmed Hameed, and Anmar Dherar Kosaj. "Estimation of Radionuclide Concentration in Medical Waste." Materials Science Forum 1021 (February 2021): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.191.

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Almost all hospitals use radioisotopes for different purposes, as their applications grow, so their concentration in the waste of those hospitals does. To address this issue, twenty-nine samples were collected from (9) sites, these samples were collected from the incinerators of medical areas and the waste collection chambers. After collecting the samples, they were prepared for the examination, where a high-purity Germanium detector (HPGe) was used to detect radioactive elements. The lead element (Pb-214) of the uranium chain (U-238) and the actinium element (Ac-228), the lead element (Pb-212) of the thorium chain (Th-246) and the potassium element (K-40) appeared in some medical areas Iodine (I-131). Some regions showed high concentrations of these elements compared to some sites, Iodine (I-131) appeared in high rates in some hospitals specialized in treating cancerous diseases. The equivalent efficacy of radium, the annual equivalent internal and external dose, and the internal and external risk factors were calculated and the results obtained were compared with the global limits.

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Djokorayono, Rony, Santiko Tri Sulaksono, Haryo Seno, Utomo, Hasriyasti Saptowati, Puji Santoso, Ferly Hermana, Wiranto BS, and Agus Sumaryanto. "Gamma Spectroscopy Prototype Design to Identify Radioactive Elements." International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v7i2.65908.

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The identification system for radioactive elements used the single-channel analyzer (SCA) gamma spectroscopy method. However, the process of producing the spectrum was still quite long because it had to go through the process manually by scanning its energy; one of the other radioactive elements is gamma spectroscopy. This research aims to develop a prototype gamma spectroscopy that allows the identification of radioactive elements. In this study, researchers used an experimental method by designing a gamma spectroscopy prototype consisting of a 2.5 cm diameter NaI(TL) detector equipped with a photomultiplier, high voltage module, preamp module, pulse shaping module, sample hold module, and Atmega microcontroller with an LCD display resolution of 128 × 64. The results of testing this prototype were carried out with various radioactive samples. Researchers managed to identify radioactive elements by measuring electrical pulses produced by NaI(TL) detectors. Background counting, which is the result of enumeration from detectors without radioactive material, was identified and eliminated. The distribution pattern has a random nature, the energy resolution of the spectroscopy consists of 1024 channels, and the counting time can be set as needed via the reset button. The main finding of the study was that the gamma spectroscopy prototype was able to provide a clear picture of the energy spectrum of nuclear radiation, allowing good identification of radioactive elements. The results of this study have important implications in the field of identification of radioactive elements and can be used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications involving nuclear radiation.

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Han, Wenhong, Guilin Wei, Yi Liu, Xirui Lu, Shunzhang Chen, Zhentao Zhang, Yi Xie, and Xiaoyan Shu. "Sintering Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃–ZnO ternary low temperature glass by hydration device to solidify iodine containing silver-coated silica gel." Radiochimica Acta 110, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1032.

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Abstract A new glass solidification process aims at radioactive iodine waste was explored in order to reduce the possible harm to environment. Samples with different iodine content in silver-coated silica gel were pretreated by hydration device at 300 °C and then sintered at relatively low temperatures (500, 550 and 600 °C). XRD results show that AgI is mainly chemically fixed in the glass network with some AgI particles being physically wrapped by the glass. Moreover, as the sintering temperature reached to 550 °C, B element crystallized. SEM-EDS results show that Ag and I elements are enriched, while the other elements are evenly distributed. AFM results showed that the sample surface becomes rougher as the iodine content increases in the silver coated silica gel. The FT-IR results show that the structure of the sintered sample is mainly composed of [BiO3], [BiO6] and [BO3]. This study provides a new sintering method by hydration device for the treatment of radioactive iodine waste.

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Genesa Hatika, Rindi, Indang Dewata, Alizar ., Purwo Subekti, and Saiful Anwar. "Determination the Index of Radioactive Risk In The Batang Kuantan River." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (April 15, 2018): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.18133.

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NORM is a material containing radioactive elements that exist naturally. All minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides from nature, most important for radiation protection purposes are the U-238, Th-232 and K-40 decay series. This element naturally grows and is considered a major contributor to the annual individual background radiation dose. Therefore, each individual can be exposed to NORM through various activities they do, one of which is gold mining activities. Gold mining in addition to causing exposure to NORM, is believed also can cause significant environmental damage. This study aims to determine the index of radioactive risks that resulted from gold mining activities in the batang kuantan river. The sample used for this research is soil from batang kuantan river which then analyzed using gamma ray spectrometry. The results show that the index of radioactive risk value indicated by all soil samples in the batang kuantan river is still below the predetermined maximum limit value.

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Kylyshkanov, M. K., N. N. Yaroshenko, and I. A. Khlebnikova. "Non-radioactive scandium oxide receiving out of uranium ISR solutions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2155, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2155/1/012025.

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Abstract The task of the research was to study and determine an effective method for the preparation of non-radioactive scandium compounds from uranium In-Situ Recovery (ISR) solutions. The widespread use of scandium is restrained by the high price due to its small production volumes, low content in the raw materials (scandium is a scattered element and does not form its own deposits), as well as the complexity of technological schemes for its extraction. Scandium receiving out of uranium reverses ISR solutions technological scheme was experimental tested, including sorption on MTS 9580 (Purolite’s production) ion exchanger with recurrent ballast impurities desorption and receiving concentrate that contains scandium. New radiation cleaning technological sequencing based on different solubility of radioactive elements and scandium in carbonate solutions, that accompanied by insoluble macro components complex formation, that contains in deactivated scandium concentrate and allows to get scandium oxide with desired component maintenance more than 94 % and less than 0,3 kilobecquerels/kg specific activity level was developed. The developed technology is based on the ability to form soluble carbonate complexes of scandium and radioactive elements, while the main macro components of the concentrate - ferrum, aluminum, calcium, silicon and others under the conditions of carbonation of the concentrate are inert or form insoluble compounds. Optimal radioactive impurity removing from concentrate conditions and scandium leaching from deactivated residue of scandium and macro impurity were studied and identified in laboratory conditions and during pilot tests.

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Morita, Y., B. D. Payne, G. S. Aldea, C. McWatters, W. Husseini, H. Mori, J. I. Hoffman, and L. Kaufman. "Local blood flow measured by fluorescence excitation of nonradioactive microspheres." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): H1573—H1584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.5.h1573.

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An X-ray fluorescence system with low Compton background and high counting efficiency was developed to measure regional blood flow with nonradioactive microspheres. The performance of the system was tested in vitro by counting mixed aqueous solutions of either Mo, Ag, and I; Nb, Ag, and Ba; or Zr, Mo, Rh, Ag, Sn, I, and Ba, as well as a mixture of Ag and Ba nonradioactive microspheres. Mixtures containing 2-20 ppm of each element were counted for 10 min by the fluorescence system, and the individual elements in mixtures of three to seven nonradioactive elements were measured with high accuracy. The best counting statistics were obtained for Ag. For 10-min counts, the system measures as few as 120 Ag microspheres with 30% standard deviation but measures 800 Ag microspheres per sample with 3.6% standard deviation. We compared regional myocardial blood flows determined simultaneously by fluorescence and radioactive microsphere methods; the latter samples were counted by a 3-in. NaI (Tl) well detector and pulse-height analyzer. The radioactive and nonradioactive measurements showed good correlations.

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Rehman, Jalil ur, Iftikhar Alam, Nisar Ahmad, Aslam Hameed, Alia Nazir, Hafeez Ullah, and Altaf Hussain. "An overview on radiometric assessment and excess lifetime cancer risk of soil in Pakistan by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0094.

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AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the natural radioactivity and excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) factor of soil in different regions of Pakistan during last decade. Soil contains various elements and compounds including naturally occurring radioactive elements (238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs). Human being, animals and plants are in health risk by contaminations of natural radioactivity in soil and environmental radiometric pollution. Transferring of large amount of the natural radioactive elements in human body by nutrients may cause carcinogenic effects in human body. Pakistani soil has six types as Indus Basin Soil, Bongar Soil, Khaddar Soil, Indus delta soil, Mountainous soil and Sandy Desert Soil. In some northern region of Pakistan, naturally occurring radioactive rocks like uranuium-238 and iridium concentrations present in Gharwandi, Aram, Kingri S, Vitakri Fort Munro, Dera Bugti, Kohlu and Sibbi districts.MethodsIn this reviewed data, gamma rays spectroscopy used to determine the concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K with the help of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Only the data of HPGe detector collected because of comparisons of different regions of Pakistan.Results and conclusionsMostly, different gamma rays energy peaks of relevant daughter radionuclides of radioactive element were used such as the energy peak lines of daughter radionuclides 214Pb (295.21 and 352 KeV) and 214Bi (609 and 1,120 KeV) used for calculating the 226Ra concentration in soil. In the recent study, it is concluded that average values of concentrations of natural radioactivity in soil in central and north regions of Pakistan are higher than permissible limit but found permissible range in south region of Pakistan. Mean values of ELCR factor were found higher, equal and lower in central, north and south regions than permissible limit, respectively. Generally, no serious health hazard due to natural radioactivity in soil were found.

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Amiliana, Rahmatika Alfia, Panut Mulyono, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "Dissolution of Rare Earth Elements Concentrate from Xenotime Sand with Strong Acids." Materials Science Forum 1093 (July 21, 2023): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x9n20h.

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Rare Earth Elements (REE) concentrate from the processing of xenotime minerals still contains a mixture of REE and its impurities, so it requires a further separation process to purify the content of each element. The first step to separating each element of REE is to dissolve the REE concentrate in strong acid as a feed for the liquid-liquid extraction or ion exchange column process. The REE concentrate was dissolved in 3 variations of strong acids, namely hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. XRF and FTIR analyses were done before and after the dissolution process. The results showed that sulfuric acid is the best dissolution reagent for the total rare earth elements (71.75%) but is less selective for separating light REE, heavy REE, and their impurities. Better selectivity for separating light REE and heavy REE is shown by dissolution with nitric acid with dissolution levels of 37.32% and 81.91%, respectively. Meanwhile, hydrochloric acid showed the lowest dissolution results for the total element of REE (63.14%) but had the best selectivity to prevent the dissolving of radioactive elements. The results of the FTIR analysis showed that REE-chloride, REE-nitrate, and REE-sulfate bonds had been formed in each dissolving filtrate.

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Fatihah, Novita Sari, Mutia Anggraini, Afiq Azfar Pratama, and Kurnia Setiawan Widana. "Peningkatan Perolehan Uranium, Torium, dan Logam Tanah Jarang dalam Residu Pelarutan Parsial pada Pengolahan Monasit." EKSPLORIUM 42, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2021.42.2.6044.

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ABSTRAK. Monasit merupakan mineral hasil samping pengolahan timah yang mengandung fosfat, logam tanah jarang, dan unsur radioaktif berupa uranium dan torium. Unsur-unsur tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal jika terpisah satu dengan yang lainnya melalui proses pengolahan. Pengolahan monasit meliputi proses dekomposisi, pelarutan parsial, dan pengendapan. Pemisahan unsur logam tanah jarang dari unsur radioaktif dalam monasit dilakukan melalui proses pelarutan parsial, akan tetapi pemisahan tersebut belum optimal sehingga diperlukan proses lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan perolehan unsur-unsur tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, proses tersebut dilakukan melalui dua metode yaitu pelarutan total dengan asam klorida (HCl) yang bertujuan untuk melarutkan semua unsur dalam endapan dan pengendapan dengan ammonium hidroksida (NH4OH) yang bertujuan untuk memisahkan unsur radioaktif dan unsur logam tanah jarang. Kedua metode tersebut dilakukan pada kondisi optimum proses dengan berbagai variasi pH, suhu, dan waktu. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diperoleh bahwa kelarutan optimum masing-masing unsur sebesar 67,6% uranium, 15,3% torium, dan 50,8% LTJ pada kondisi proses pelarutan pH 1, pada suhu 80°C selama 2 jam. Sedangkan pada proses pengendapan diperoleh recovery pengendapan masing-masing unsur sebesar 57% uranium, 75,7% torium, 4,8% logam tanah jarang pada kondisi pH 6. Berdasarkan data tersebut disimpulkan bahwa uranium, torium, dan logam tanah jarang dapat larut pada kondisi proses pelarutan pH 1, suhu 80°C selama 2 jam, dan dapat dipisahkan pada kondisi pH pengendapan 6.ABSTRACT. Monazite is a by-product of tin processing containing phosphate, rare earth elements, and radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. These elements can be utilized optimally if separated from one another through processing. Monazite processing includes decomposition, partial dissolution, and precipitation processes. The separation of rare earth elements from radioactive elements in monazite is carried out through a partial dissolution process, but the separation is not optimal so that further processes are needed to increase the recovery of these elements. In this study, the process was carried out using two methods, namely total dissolution with hydrochloric acid (HCl) which aims to dissolve all elements in the precipitate and precipitation with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) which aims to separate radioactive elements and rare earth elements. Both methods were carried out under optimum process conditions with various variations in pH, temperature, and time. Based on observations, it was found that the optimum solubility of each element was 67.6% uranium, 15.3% thorium and 50.8% LTJ under the dissolving process conditions of pH 1, at 80°C for 2 hours. While in the deposition process, the precipitation recovery of each element is 57% uranium, 75.7% thorium, 4.8% rare earth metals at pH 6 conditions. Based on these data, it can be concluded that uranium, thorium, and rare earth elements can be dissolved at pH 1, at 80°C for 2 hours, and can be separated at pH 6 precipitation conditions.

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Pawuła, Andrzej. "The Problem of Natural Radioactive Elements." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 09, no. 04 (2021): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2021.94011.

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Mould, Richard F. "Artificial Production of Radioactive Elements 1934." Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik 19, no. 3 (August 2009): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zemedi.2009.05.001.

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Ravila, A., and E. Holm. "Radioactive elements in the forest industry." Science of The Total Environment 157 (December 1994): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90598-3.

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UYANIK, Nurten Ayten. "An Approach to Determine of the Formation Stages of Volcanism Using Natural Gamma-Ray Spectrometer from Geophysical Methods (Example of Gölcük Volcanism)." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 2 (April 7, 2023): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1239935.

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Gölcük Caldera is in the Isparta Angle, which is an interesting tectonic structure in Southwest Anatolia. This caldera is formed as a result of back-arc volcanism associated with the northward subduction zone of the African plate under the Eurasian Plate during the Tertiary. It attracts the attention of many researchers with its tectonic and volcanic structure. In this article, the results of in situ natural gamma radiation measurements made in the caldera are evaluated. In the study, radioactive element (Potassium (%K), Uranium (eU), and Thorium (eTh)) contents of volcanics were measured in situ with the portable gamma-ray spectrometer, which is effectively used in Geophysical Engineering. The changes in natural gamma radiation of alkaline volcanic are presented with maps. When these maps are examined, it is understood that K%, U-ppm and Th-ppm concentrations of Gölcük volcanic are higher than the world average values. The high potassium concentration draws even more attention. The high potassium content indicates that the local volcanic are ultrapotassic and contain lithospheric materials. In addition, since the radioactive element concentration will reflect the magmatic development, the volcanic stages in the region have been tried to be determined. The number of these stages was determined from the curves of the radioactive data from a purely geophysical engineering (numerical) point of view, and the study area was interpreted as consisting of three different phases. This finding is supported by the results of the articles on the aging studies of the samples taken as a result of observations. In addition to these, the ranges of radioactive elements belonging to these stages were determined.

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Md Yusof, Muhamad Yusmadi, Mohd Idzat Idris, Faizal Mohamed, and Marlida Md Nor. "Adsorption of Radioactive Element by Clay: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 785 (May 27, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/785/1/012020.

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Lee, Young Shin, Young Jin Choi, Kim Hyun Soo, and Sung Hwan Chung. "Analysis Technology on the Temperature and Thermal Stress of the Cask for Radioactive Material Transport." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1666.

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The cask is used to transport the radioactive materials. It is required to withstand for the thirty minute under the hypothetical fire accident condition of the 800ı. According to development of the computer simulation, finite element analysis is applied to the calculation widely. But finite element method for the hypothetical accident conditions is not established in domestic regulations. In this study, the temperature and thermal stress analysis of KSC-4 cask under 800ı fire condition is conducted using by ANSYS 7.0 code. In order to analyze finite elements, two-dimensional model of KSC-4 cask is used. Symmetric boundary, convection, and radiation condition are applied in the analysis. As the results, maximum temperature and thermal stress of the KSC-4 cask is evaluated.

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Herrmann, Robert A. "An operator equation and relativistic alterations in the time for radioactive decay." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 19, no. 2 (1996): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171296000543.

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In this paper, using concepts from the nonstandard physical world, the linear effect line element is derived. Previously, this line element was employed to obtain, with the exception of radioactive decay, all of the experimentally verified special theory relativistic alterations in physical measures. This line element is now used to derive, by means of separation of variables, an expression that predicts the same increase in the decay time for radioactive material as that predicted by the Einstein time dilation assumption. This indicates that such an increase in lifetime can be attributed to an interaction of the radioactive material with a nonstandard electromagnetic field rather than to a basic time dilation.

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Terakawa, A., K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, H. Hirakata, A. Fujita, K. Kikuchi, T. Matsuyama, et al. "Accumulation and localization of alkali elements in Lentinula edodes studied by PIXE analysis." International Journal of PIXE 24, no. 03n04 (January 2014): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083514400129.

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The spatial distributions of potassium and rubidium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms contaminated with radioactive cesium were measured using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis by a beam scanning technique with a submillimeter sized proton beam to study relationships in elemental concentration in the mushrooms between radioactive cesium and other alkali elements. The results of PIXE analysis were compared with the spatial distribution of radioactive cesium in the samples measured by an autoradiographic method. Radioactive cesium was not uniformly distributed and strongly concentrated in the peripheral region of pileus of the mushroom while the elemental maps evaluated from PIXE analysis showed that potassium and rubidium are highly accumulated in the same area as radioactive cesium. The present results suggest a common mechanism of the accumulation of alkali elements including radioactive cesium in Lentinula edodes mushrooms.

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Skupio, Rafał, and Grażyna Łykowska. "Metodyka określania koncentracji pierwiastków promieniotwórczych frakcji pylastej wydzielonej z przedkarpackich utworów mioceńskich." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 10 (October 2020): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.10.02.

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Meng, Dongyuan, Qian Sun, Yuhang Zhang, and Shutang Sun. "Comparison of thermal tests before and after the free drop test of a radioactive material transport package." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 38, no. 3 (2023): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2303155m.

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The transport safety of radioactive material is of utmost significance, which is mainly based on the safety of packages. In accordance with the IAEA Regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material, radioactive material transport packages undergo rigorous testing under diverse transport conditions including free drop tests and thermal tests. The determination of the appropriate thickness for the insulation layer poses a challenge, as it necessitates the consideration of factors such as the dissipation of internal heat sources and protection against fire accidents. Finite element simulation is usually used for the design and testing of packages. The requirement of the cumulation effect for the drop test and thermal test makes it harder for the finite element method in testing. In this paper, a method for thickness changing of insulation layer thickness in finite element simulation was developed and verified. A radioactive material transport package is taken as an example for the cumulating effect of the drop test and the thermal test.

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Radulescu, Renata, Doru Stoianovici, and Timur Chis. "Radioactive elements detected in crude oil from volcanic areas." Nafta-Gaz 79, no. 12 (December 2023): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2023.12.01.

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In the geological structures containing crude oil and associated gases and located in areas where volcanic activity has been detected, radioactive substances and minerals are contained both in the structure of the reservoir waters and in the impurities related to the composition of the extracted crude oil. They are present during the extraction of crude oil and associated gases and affect human health and environmental safety. Radioactive elements have been detected in reservoir waters, in impurities associated with crude oil, and especially during the processing of drilling fluids (the separation of detritus sourced from geological strata from the used drilling fluid). Other radioactive elements were also detected in the areas polluted with oil and drilling waste. In order to determine the radioactivity level of crude oil originating from the area of volcanic activity of the Romanian Mountains, crude oil samples were collected from the oil field in a one-year analysis. The collected samples were analysed to determine their physical-chemical structure. The reservoir water associated with these samples and the minerals separated from the crude oil following their solvent extraction were also analysed. Radioactive elements were detected using X-ray spectrometry, and their chemical structures are also discussed.

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RAVISANKAR, R., A. RAJALAKSHMI, P. ESWARAN, V. MEENAKASHISUNDRAM, V. GAJENDIRAN, E. MANIKANDAN, P. MAGUDAPATHY, B. K. PANIGRAHI, and K. G. M. NAIR. "GAMMA- RAY SPECTROSCOPIC AND PIXE ANALYSIS OF BEACH ROCK SAMPLES OF SOUTH EAST COAST OF TAMILNADU, INDIA." International Journal of PIXE 17, no. 03n04 (January 2007): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083507001253.

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Beach rock samples collected from South East Coast of Tamilnadu was analyzed by natural radioactive measurements to detect the presence of radioactive elements. PIXE technique was used to obtain elemental composition of beach rocks. The PIXE analysis was carried out using 1.7 MV tandem accelerators with the energy of 2 MeV protons at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India. The geochemical behavior of the elements in the region is discussed. The occurrence of the radioactive and non-radioactive elements is discussed for their geological significance. The results were used to assess environmental toxicity of heavy metals and radiation hazard in the study area.

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Vinnitskii, Vadim, and Aleksander Chugunov. "Minimization of radioactive waste volume from nuclear power plants using precipitation-membrane technologies." BIO Web of Conferences 48 (2022): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224804002.

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The purpose of this study is the development and experimental testing on simulation solutions of a precipitation-membrane method for fractionation of liquid radioactive waste and sorption post-treatment of the filtrate. The choice of processing method is based on the analysis of factors affecting the efficiency of ion-exchange purification of solutions; properties of complex compounds of polyvalent metals; characteristics of commercially available membrane elements and economic aspects of the preparation and disposal of radioactive waste. The basic idea is to use the internal properties of solutions to isolate polyvalent cations and acidoligands in the form of poorly soluble compounds in the volume of an inert polypropylene element, which will increase the efficiency of ion-exchange post-treatment and reduce the amount of waste. The architecture and operating parameters of the experimental setup are designed to provide favorable conditions for the formation in solution of complexes (ion pairs) of polycharged cations with acid ligands of various nature.

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Fentiman, Audeen W. "Elements of a Radioactive Waste Management Course." Nuclear Technology 105, no. 3 (March 1994): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt94-a34942.

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Korotev, Randy L. "Concentrations of radioactive elements in lunar materials." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 103, E1 (January 1, 1998): 1691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97je03267.

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Bahmanova, F. N., Sevinj R. Hajiyeva, and Famil M. Chyragov. "Sorption of radioactive elements on synthetic sorbents." Сорбционные и хроматографические процессы, no. 4 (2022): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2022.22/10601.

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Zhumanova, M. I., and M. S. Tungatarova. "Study of migration of radioactive elements in clay layers during the burial of radioactive waste." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 82, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.124.

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In 2015, Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) signed an agreement to host a low-enriched uranium bank in Ust-Kamenogorsk. In 2019, several batches of enriched uranium were delivered to Kazakhstan and the bank began operations at the Ulba Metallurgical Plant. When transporting and disposing of radioactive elements, there is a need to reduce this possibility by limiting the transfer of uranium from underground storage to underground water. Therefore, in this article, a study was conducted on the migration of radioactive elements in clay layers during the disposal of radioactive uranium waste. There are now many underground repositories (for some types of radioactive waste). These systems are based on different underground container structures for different geological formations. For underground repositories located in geological environments where enriched uranium can migrate, other system components must reduce this possibility by preventing or limiting uranium mobility. This work investigates the process of convective transport of radioactive elements, in a moist soil layer through the installation of an additional natural clay barrier layer, the migration of radioactive elements during safe disposal, the effect of diffusion and convection through the solid waste layer.

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SHUSEKI, Yuta, and Ken TAKEUCHI. "Development of Low-cost Materials that Adsorb Radioactive Element." Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation ANNUAL REPORT 28 (May 25, 2021): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/hptf.19505.

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Terakawa, A., K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, Y. Hirakata, K. Kikuchi, T. Matsuyama, A. Fujita, et al. "Studies on radioactive cesium and alkali elements in lentinula edodes (Shiitake) based on PIXE analysis." International Journal of PIXE 23, no. 03n04 (January 2013): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083513410076.

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Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of Lentinula edodes mushrooms (Shiitake mushrooms) contaminated with radioactive cesium was performed to study relationships between concentrations of alkali elements in the shiitake mushroom samples and their radioactive cesium levels. The shiitake mushrooms were cultivated using radiocontaminated hard wood logs due to the nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima. The significant localization of radioactive cesium was found in the pileus region of the shiitake mushroom from autoradiographic observation. The concentrations of alkali elements in the shiitake sample were measured by PIXE analysis. The PIXE analysis has shown that the concentrations and transfer coefficients of potassium and rubidium in the pileus are much higher than the other parts of the shiitake sample as is the case of radioactive cesium. It is suggested that radioactive cesium is transferred into shiitake mushrooms in a manner similar to potassium and rubidium. The results of this work have shown the possibility to be able to use rubidium as an elemental tracer for radioactive cesium.

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Anggraini, Mutia, Fuad Wafa Nawawi, and Kurnia Setiawan Widana. "Penentuan Kondisi Optimum Proses Ekstraksi Uranium dan Torium dari Terak II Timah dengan Metode Pelindian Asam Sulfat dan Solvent Extraction Trioctylamine (TOA)." EKSPLORIUM 40, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2019.40.1.5378.

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ABSTRAKTerak II timah merupakan produk hasil samping dari peleburan timah tahap kedua. Terak II timah ini mengandung unsur bernilai ekonomi tinggi berupa unsur radioaktif (uranium dan torium) dan logam tanah jarang (rare earth element). Unsur-unsur tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan apabila telah terpisah satu dengan lainnya. Proses pemisahan unsur radioaktif dan unsur logam tanah jarang telah dilakukan dengan metode pelindian asam sulfat. Hasil proses ini adalah endapan yang mengandung logam tanah jarang dan filtrat yang mengandung unsur radioaktif berupa uranium dan torium sulfat. Penelitian terkait pemisahan uranium dan torium hasil pengolahan terak II timah hanya sedikit dipublikasikan. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas proses pemisahan uranium dan torium dengan metode solvent extraction menggunakan trioctylamine (TOA). Proses solvent extraction dilakukan dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi TOA yang digunakan, perbandingan fase aqueous dan fase organik (A/O) dan variasi waktu ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kondisi optimum proses yaitu konsentrasi TOA 4%, perbandingan A/O 1 : 1, dan waktu pencampuran aqueous dan organik selama 2 menit. Pada kondisi ini uranium dan torium yang terekstrak masing-masing sebanyak 67% dan 0,84%. ABSTRACTTin slag II is a by-product of the second stage of tin smelting. The tin slag II contains high economic value elements in the form of radioactive elements (uranium and thorium) and rare earth elements. These elements can be utilized if they are separated from each other. The process of separating radioactive elements and rare earth elements has been carried out by leaching sulfuric acid method. The results of this process are residue containing rare earth elements and filtrates containing radioactive elements in the form of uranium and thorium sulfate. Research related to the separation of uranium and thorium sulfate in tin slag processing is only slightly published. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of the uranium and thorium separating process by the solvent extraction method using trioctylamine (TOA). The solvent extraction process is carried out by varying the concentration of TOA used, comparison of the aqueous and organic phase (A/O) and variations in extraction time. In this study, the optimum conditions for the process were obtained at 4% of TOA concentration, 1 : 1 of A/O ratio, and mixing time of aqueous and organic phase for 2 minutes. In this condition, uranium and thorium which extracted were 67% and 0.84% respectively.

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Coplen, Tyler B., John Karl Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, T. Ding, N. E. Holden, J. A. Hopple, H. R. Krouse, et al. "Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 10 (January 1, 2002): 1987–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987.

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Abstract:

Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic-weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic-weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope-abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic-weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope variations in materials of natural ter- restrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic-weight uncertainties. This compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio.

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Sun, Xubo, and Jing Wei. "Inorganic Comparison of Inorganic Element Detection Technology in Soil." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, no. 12 (December 22, 2023): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/dh84bm90.

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Soil pollutants include inorganic substances (heavy metals, acid, salt, etc.), organic matter, chemical fertilizers, pesticides (pesticides, sterilizers and herbicides), radioactive substances, parasites, pathogenic bacteria, and viruses. New pollutants (such as veterinary drugs, antibiotics, bromide flame retardants, all -fluoride compounds, etc.) have also become research hotspots in the soil.

Journal articles on the topic 'Radioactif element'

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