Journal articles on the topic 'Radio-tracking'

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1

Zachár, Gergely, Gyula Simon, and Miklós Maróti. "Radio Interferometric Object Tracking." International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 7, no. 5 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2019-044.

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2

O'Connor, Paul J., Graham H. Pyke, and Hugh Spencer. "Radio-tracking Honeyeater Movements." Emu - Austral Ornithology 87, no. 4 (December 1987): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9870249.

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3

Worton, Bruce J. "Modelling radio-tracking data." Environmental and Ecological Statistics 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00452929.

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4

Noon, Barry R. "Radio Tracking and Animal Populations." Auk 119, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.2.580.

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5

Saunders, Debbie, Huyen Nguyen, Saul Cowen, Michael Magrath, Karen Marsh, Sarah Bell, and Josh Bobruk. "Radio-tracking wildlife with drones: a viewshed analysis quantifying survey coverage across diverse landscapes." Wildlife Research 49, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr21033.

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Radio-tracking tagged wildlife remains a critical research technique for understanding the movements, behaviours and survival of many species. However, traditional hand-held tracking techniques on the ground are labour intensive and time consuming. Therefore, researchers are increasingly seeking new technologies to address these challenges, including drone radio-tracking receivers. Following the implementation of drone radio-tracking techniques for five different threatened species projects within different habitat and landscape types, we identified the need to quantify the relative spatial extent of surveys using both drone and hand-held techniques for each project. This was undertaken using viewshed analyses. These analyses demonstrated that survey coverage with drone-based radio-tracking was substantially greater than that of hand-held radio-tracking for all species and landscapes examined. Within mountainous landscapes, drone radio-tracking covered up to four times the area of hand-held tracking, whereas in flat to undulating landscapes, drone surveys covered up to 11.3 times the area that could be surveyed using hand-held techniques from the same locations on the ground. The viewshed analyses were also found to be a valuable visualisation tool for identifying areas for targeted surveys to reduce the risk of ‘losing’ tagged animals, which has traditionally been one of the biggest radio-tracking challenges.
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6

Minakov, E. I., G. A. Valikhin, A. V. Ovchinnikov, and S. S. Matveeva. "Tracking Filter for Radio Surveillance upon UAV Detection." Proceedings of Universities. Electronics 26, no. 6 (December 2021): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/1561-5405-2021-26-6-554-564.

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Unsanctioned intrusion of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on the territory of the guarded object is primarily detected by specialized radio surveillance systems. The results obtained by radio surveillance systems are used for aiming of UAV visual identification and radio jamming systems. In this work, the problems of UAV detection and tracking of the target trajectory are considered. The known tracking filter systems for radio surveillance application were analyzed and a specialized matrix tracking filter system was proposed, which uses in its algorithm a dynamically changing energy potential of the radio surveillance system. The developed tracking filter system efficiency is evaluated using methods of matrix calculation, mathematical modeling, and probability theory. It has been established that the developed tracking filter system lets the radio surveillance equipment most effectively initiate trajectories of UAV, set its movement window, consider radio surveillance equipment characteristics, and approximate the trajectory of UAV at times of missed detections connected to radar cross-section fluctuations of moving targets. A high efficiency of the developed system has been achieved by decreasing the inaccuracy of the target position prediction two times in comparison with the known tracking filter systems. The obtained results allow easy scaling of the developed tracking filter system for its application as a part of any radio surveillance system.
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7

Norgan, Andrew P., Kurt E. Simon, Barbara A. Feehan, Lynn L. Saari, Joseph M. Doppler, G. Scott Welder, John A. Sedarski, et al. "Radio-Frequency Identification Specimen Tracking to Improve Quality in Anatomic Pathology." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0011-oa.

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Context.— Preanalytic errors, including specimen labeling errors and specimen loss, occur frequently during specimen collection, transit, and accessioning. Radio-frequency identification tags can decrease specimen identification and tracking errors through continuous and automated tracking of specimens. Objective.— To implement a specimen tracking infrastructure to reduce preanalytic errors (specimen mislabeling or loss) between specimen collection and laboratory accessioning. Specific goals were to decrease preanalytic errors by at least 70% and to simultaneously decrease employee effort dedicated to resolving preanalytic errors or investigating lost specimens. Design.— A radio-frequency identification specimen-tracking system was developed. Major features included integral radio-frequency identification labels (radio-frequency identification tags and traditional bar codes in a single printed label) printed by point-of-care printers in collection suites; dispersed radio-frequency identification readers at major transit points; and systems integration of the electronic health record, laboratory information system, and radio-frequency identification tracking system to allow for computerized physician order entry driven label generation, specimen transit time tracking, interval-based alarms, and automated accessioning. Results.— In the 6-month postimplementation period, 6 mislabeling events occurred in collection areas using the radio-frequency identification system, compared with 24 events in the 6-month preimplementation period (75% decrease; P = .001). In addition, the system led to the timely recovery of 3 lost specimens. Labeling expenses were decreased substantially in the transition from high-frequency to ultrahigh frequency radio-frequency identification tags. Conclusions.— Radio-frequency identification specimen tracking prevented several potential specimen-loss events, decreased specimen recovery time, and decreased specimen labeling errors. Increases in labeling/tracking expenses for the system were more than offset by time savings and loss avoidance through error mitigation.
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8

Cluff, H. Dean, Gary C. White, and Robert A. Garrott. "Analysis of Wildlife Radio-Tracking Data." Journal of Wildlife Management 55, no. 2 (April 1991): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809166.

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9

Buckland, S. T., G. C. White, and R. A. Garrott. "Analysis of Wildlife Radio-Tracking Data." Biometrics 47, no. 1 (March 1991): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532535.

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10

Santos, A. J. D., A. R. Soares, F. M. de Almeida Redondo, and N. B. Carvalho. "Tracking Trains via Radio Frequency Systems." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 6, no. 2 (June 2005): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2005.848369.

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11

Angerbjörn, Anders. "Analysis of wildlife radio-tracking data." Animal Behaviour 44 (August 1992): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(92)90048-e.

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12

Pons, Josep, and Juli G. Pausas. "Acorn dispersal estimated by radio-tracking." Oecologia 153, no. 4 (July 11, 2007): 903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0788-x.

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13

Lees, Daniel, Tom Schmidt, Craig D. H. Sherman, Grainne S. Maguire, Peter Dann, Glenn Ehmke, and Michael A. Weston. "An assessment of radio telemetry for monitoring shorebird chick survival and causes of mortality." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18030.

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Abstract ContextMonitoring survival of free-living precocial avian young is critical for population management, but difficult to achieve. Perhaps the most promising technique available to track survival is the deployment of devices such as radio-transmitters or data loggers, which allow for tracking of the individuals. AimsTo understand if the deployment of radio-transmitters or the process of radio-tracking negatively impact chick survival by analysing survival of tagged chicks. MethodsFifty masked lapwing (Vanellus miles), 42 red-capped plover (Charadrius ruficapillus) and 27 hooded plover (Thinornis cucullatus) chicks were radio-tracked. Mortality between tagged and untagged chicks within broods was compared to examine whether radio-telemetry influenced chick survival. Key resultsThere was no statistically significant difference in survival between chicks with and without radio-transmitters. Radio-transmitters enabled the determination of cause of death for 0–28% of radio-tagged chicks. ConclusionThe survival of shorebird chicks does not appear to be affected by attachment of transmitters. ImplicationsRadio-tracking remains a promising way of studying the movement and survival of shorebird chicks, and is helpful but not reliable for assigning the cause of mortality.
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14

Genova, Antonio, and Flavio Petricca. "Deep-Space Navigation with Intersatellite Radio Tracking." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44, no. 5 (May 2021): 1068–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g005610.

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15

Rado, Rony, and Joseph Terkel. "A Radio-Tracking System for Subterranean Rodents." Journal of Wildlife Management 53, no. 4 (October 1989): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3809593.

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16

Ritchie, Alisha, and Myrna Pearman. "Radio Tracking Mountain Bluebirds Visiting Neighbors’ Nests." Western Birds 50, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb50.2.3.

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17

Duffett-Smith, Peter J., and Graham Woan. "The CURSOR Radio Navigation and Tracking System." Journal of Navigation 45, no. 2 (May 1992): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300010651.

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We describe a new type of radio navigation and tracking system which, unlike conventional systems, does not depend on a costly infrastructure of coherent radio transmitters. This new system measures positions using spatial, rather than temporal, coherence and can therefore use any existing radio transmitters set up for any purpose. We describe the principles of operation, applications and present results obtained with a demonstration unit (in Cambridge) which can measure the position of a motor vehicle to a precision of about 5 m using local medium-wave public broadcast transmitters.
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18

Ali Abu-Rgheff, M. N., and I. G. G. Sumartana. "Carrier phase tracking in digital radio communications." Electronics Letters 34, no. 24 (1998): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981603.

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19

Famelli, Shirley, Franco L. Souza, Arthur Georges, and Jaime Bertoluci. "Movement patterns and activity of the Brazilian snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Testudines: Chelidae) in southeastern Brazil." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 2 (2016): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003047.

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To investigate the movement patterns and activity ofHydromedusa maximilianiin southeastern Brazil, sixteen adult freshwater turtles (eight males and eight females) were monitored with radio-transmitters from October 2009 to November 2010. An additional 22 turtles (11 males and 11 females) were monitored with thread-bobbins over a 3-day period.Hydromedusa maximilianishowed strong tendency to remain close to the river course. The distance moved each day varied from 0 to 179 m/day (radio-tracking) and 1.5 to 201 m/day (thread-bobbins). Males moved greater distances than females during the mating season (August to November), while females exhibited pronounced movements associated with egg-laying (December to February). Male and female movements did not differ significantly. Straight line distance measurements, usually obtained by radio-tracking, underestimate actual movement distances, since the nonlinearity of movements is not captured by radio-tracking as opposed to spool tracking, even when long distances are travelled. Results from this study are important for establishing conservation strategies for this vulnerable species.
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20

Monakov, A. A., and A. A. Tarasenkov. "Comparative Analysis of Mathematical Models of Tracking Radio Altimeters." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 25, no. 4 (September 29, 2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2022-25-4-72-80.

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Introduction. Tracking radio altimeters of low altitudes are widely used in civil aviation. These devises use periodic frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signals, while altitude measurements are based on processing the beat signal processing. For this purpose, a closed automatic control loop is arranged to maintain the frequency of the beat signal at a fixed level by changing parameters of the transmitted signal (the frequency deviation or the modulation period). An alternative approach to arranging the tracking loop for altitude variations is based on the use of a phase locked loop (PLL), which adjusts the reference signal – a copy of the emitted signal – to obtain the maximum cross-correlation of the beat and reference signals. А comparative analysis of short-range radio altimeters with other currently known tracking radio altimeters for various types of frequency modulation of the transmitted signal seems to be a relevant research task.Aim. An analysis of the influence of the type of frequency modulation on the accuracy of altitude estimation in a PLL-based radar altimeter, as well as a comparative analysis of this altimeter with other known tracking altimeters.Materials and methods. Mathematical models of tracking radio altimeters are proposed, and a computer simulation of their performance is carried out for the case of altitude estimation over a smooth flat surface.Results. The conducted comparative analysis of tracking radio altimeters confirmed the effectiveness of the PLL when processing signals of different frequency modulation type (sawtooth, triangular, and harmonic FM). Altitude estimates produced by PLL-based radar altimeters are unbiased, with their standard deviation not exceeding 3 cm for the signalto-noise ratio of greater than 10 dB and under the scenario parameters adopted in the work. The conducted comparison with other tracking altimeters showed that estimation errors of this radar altimeter are an order of magnitude smaller.Conclusion. A PLL-based tracking radar altimeter can be used to estimate the height of the aircraft flight. The quality of altitude estimates produced by this device is higher than those produced by other known tracking radio altimeters. Further research and field tests will investigate the accuracy of altitude estimation when working over a rough surface.
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21

McKibbin, René, and Christine A. Bishop. "Size of Territories and Home Ranges of Male Western Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens auricollis) in British Columbia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 126, no. 2 (November 29, 2012): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v126i2.1332.

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During 2005 and 2006, radio-transmitters were fitted to a total of 11 male Western Yellow-breasted Chats, Icteria virens auricollis, in the southern Okanagan River valley, British Columbia, to compare the area used, as detected by radio-telemetry and as defined by mapped observations of breeding males singing and perching. Data were only collected for 5 males. For 2005 and 2006, the 95% kernel density estimation (KDE) revealed that mean area used by male Western Yellow-breasted Chats, as determined by radio-tracking (n = 5), was 1.16 ha, whereas the mean area as defined by observations of breeding males singing and perching was 0.62 ha (no statistical difference). Our hypothesis that the area determined by radio-tracking would be significantly larger than the area defined by observations of males singing and perching was rejected, but the area determined by radio-tracking was almost twice the area defined by observations of breeding males singing and perching.
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22

Yang, Yaoqi, Xianglin Wei, Renhui Xu, Laixian Peng, Yunliang Liao, and Lin Ge. "Security-Oriented Indoor Robots Tracking: An Object Recognition Viewpoint." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7456552.

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Indoor robots, in particular AI-enhanced robots, are enabling a wide range of beneficial applications. However, great cyber or physical damages could be resulted if the robots’ vulnerabilities are exploited for malicious purposes. Therefore, a continuous active tracking of multiple robots’ positions is necessary. From the perspective of wireless communication, indoor robots are treated as radio sources. Existing radio tracking methods are sensitive to indoor multipath effects and error-prone with great cost. In this backdrop, this paper presents an indoor radio sources tracking algorithm. Firstly, an RSSI (received signal strength indicator) map is constructed based on the interpolation theory. Secondly, a YOLO v3 (You Only Look Once Version 3) detector is applied on the map to identify and locate multiple radio sources. Combining a source’s locations at different times, we can reconstruct its moving path and track its movement. Experimental results have shown that in the typical parameter settings, our algorithm’s average positioning error is lower than 0.39 m, and the average identification precision is larger than 93.18% in case of 6 radio sources.
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23

Dexter, N. "The Effect of an Intensive Shooting Exercise From a Helicopter on the Behaviour of Surviving Feral Pigs." Wildlife Research 23, no. 4 (1996): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960435.

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The hypothesis that disturbance from a shooting exercise using a helicopter will influence the behaviour of surviving feral pigs, Sus scrofa, was tested on a population of radio-collared feral pigs in north-western New South Wales. No significant differences existed in hourly distance moved by pigs, diel variation in distance moved by pigs, or home-range size of pigs, between a radio-tracking session conducted immediately before a shooting exercise from a helicopter and a radio-tracking session conducted during and after the exercise. The position of the home ranges of feral pigs did not appear to be affected by the shooting exercise, although several radio-collared feral pigs moved into and out of the study area between tracking sessions. Overall, the results suggest that the disturbance caused by shooting has little effect on the behaviour of surviving feral pigs.
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Vlasenko, V. P., V. M. Mamarev, V. V. Ozhynsky, O. M. Ulyanov, V. V. Zakharenko, M. I. Palamar, A. V. Chaikovskyi, and S. P. Fryz. "The method for RT-32 radio telescope error matrix construction in automatic mode. Automatic assesment of tracking errors." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 27, no. 6 (2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2021.06.053.

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On March 15th, 2021, scientists of the National Space Facilities Control and Tests Center and the Radio Astronomical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine carried out preliminary observations with the Ukrainian new generation radio telescope RT-32 (Zolochiv, Lviv region). The extragalactic radiation of radio galaxy 3C84 (Perseus-A), masers from the galactic molecular cloud W3, radio emission of methanol maser from the galactic radio source G188.946 + 0.886 were observed and successfully recorded. Observations were performed as training in the framework of preparation for the launch of a joint Ukrainian-Latvian radio astronomy project lzp-2020/2-0121. The results of the observations confirmed the world level of RT-32 radio telescope characteristics, the efficiency of the primary error matrix and revealed several shortcomings in the functioning of the tracking system. It was found that the primary tracking error matrix has insufficient discreteness and contains errors of the first and second types. In the article, we present a method of automatic construction of the radio telescope error matrix according to the data of a radiometric receiver and receivers-recorders. The method of construction provides automatic processing of the obtained radiometric data. The results of verification of the developed method using the reference radio sources of different types and the elements of tracking errors’ matrix by the elevation and azimuth obtained when using it are presented. The results obtained with the proposed method were included in the radio telescope control system and allowed us to increase the aiming accuracy of the RT-32 radio telescope.
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Maltsev, Georgy, and Andrey Evteev. "Stability of Tracking the Delay of Phase-shift Keyed Signals with Spectrum Expanding in Synchronization Systems of Radio Engineering Systems." Informatics and Automation 20, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 16–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.2021.20.1.1.

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The issues of ensuring the stability of delay tracking in synchronization systems of radio engineering systems when receiving phase-shift keyed signals with spectrum expansion based on pseudorandom sequences are considered. When working with moving objects, the delay of the received signal continuously changes, synchronization errors occur, and the quality of signal reception largely depends on the stability of the tracking scheme for the delay, characterized by the probability of tracking failure. Delay tracking is usually considered as the main task of the synchronization system of the considered radio systems with phase-manipulated signals with spectrum expansion based on pseudo-random sequences. The effect of synchronization errors when tracking the delay of a received phase-shift keyed signal with a spectrum extension based on pseudorandom sequences on the probability of tracking failure is studied. The calculation method is used to obtain families of dependences of the probability of tracking failure on the values of random and systematic components of the delay tracking error, normalized to the capture band of the time discriminator of the delay tracking scheme for various combinations of these parameters. The areas of weak and strong influence of the value of tracking errors over the delay of the received signal on the probability of tracking failure are determined. The nature of impact of random and systematic components of tracking error on the probability of failure of tracking was analyzed and it was found that in the General case is the ambiguity of normalized mean square of tracking error as the optimization criterion while minimizing the likelihood of tracking loss. Calculations performed for a wide range of changes in the normalized delay tracking errors show that to ensure a given quality of signal reception in a radio system with phase-shift keyed signals with spectrum expansion based on pseudorandom sequences, a joint choice of parameters of the delay tracking system that determine the value of random and systematic components of the tracking error is necessary. The results obtained can be used to analyze the characteristics of synchronization systems that monitor the parameters of received signals with a spectrum extension, and to justify the technical solutions of the synchronization system that provide the required quality of signal reception in information and measurement of radio-electronic systems.
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Schmidt, Benedikt, Lukas Indermaur, and Klement Tockner. "Effect of transmitter mass and tracking duration on body mass change of two anuran species." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 2 (2008): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808784125054.

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Abstract During tracking studies, the behaviour of animals may be affected by the tracking and tagging methods used, which may influence the results obtained. Our aim was to assess the impact of transmitter mass and the duration of tracking period on the body mass change (BMC) of two anuran species that were fitted with externally attached radio transmitters. Bufo b. spinosus and B. viridis were radio-tracked for three months during summer in the active tract of a large gravel-bed river (Tagliamento River, NE Italy). Our results demonstrated that transmitter mass and the duration of the tracking period did not affect BMC of the two anurans in their terrestrial summer habitats because methodological factors poorly predicted variation in BMC. Therefore, we encourage the use of tracking methods in amphibian ecology.
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27

Huang, Yi, Ai Qun Hu, Sheng Dong Xie, and De Lai Zhu. "A Novel Radio Interferometric Time Delay Tracking Scheme." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1470.

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This paper presents a novel sinusoidal signal time delay tracking scheme based on radio interferometric for wireless sensor networks. We first design an interference signal composed of two sinusoidals with different frequencies in a transmitter. Then a sinusoidal signal time delay tracking algorithm based on DTFT is also presented. Compared with the source-separated radio interferometric time delay estimation (RITDE) technology, the proposed scheme can directly acquire time delay between two rather than among four receivers. Hence it can be employed directly to the traditional time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization algorithm. Simulation results confirm the efficiency and superior performance of the DTFT-based algorithm as compared to the existing filter-based approaches.
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Tanaka, Sho. "Satellite radio tracking of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 53, no. 8 (1987): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.53.1327.

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Kumarin, A. A., and I. A. Kudryavtsev. "Software-defined Radio GNSS Receiver Signal Tracking Methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 984 (November 28, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/984/1/012020.

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30

Hellebrandt, M., and R. Mathar. "Location tracking of mobiles in cellular radio networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, no. 5 (1999): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.790530.

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Soares, Schubert, and Stephen F. Padin. "A Wide Band Tracking Delay for Radio Astronomy." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 42, no. 6 (June 1994): 951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.293559.

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Mannesson, Anders, Muhammad Atif Yaqoob, Bo Bernhardsson, and Fredrik Tufvesson. "Tightly coupled positioning and multipath radio channel tracking." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 52, no. 4 (August 2016): 1522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2016.140653.

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Zachár, Gergely, and Gyula Simon. "Radio-interferometric tracking using fault-tolerant phase unwrapping." Measurement Science and Technology 27, no. 4 (March 9, 2016): 045106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/27/4/045106.

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Nannuru, Santosh, Yunpeng Li, Yan Zeng, Mark Coates, and Bo Yang. "Radio-Frequency Tomography for Passive Indoor Multitarget Tracking." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 12, no. 12 (December 2013): 2322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2012.190.

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35

Mandeljc, Rok, Stanislav Kovačič, Matej Kristan, and Janez Perš. "Tracking by Identification Using Computer Vision and Radio." Sensors 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2012): 241–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130100241.

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36

Attum, O., B. Rabea, S. Osman, S. Habinan, S. M. Baha El Din, and B. Kingsbury. "Conserving and studying tortoises: A local community visual-tracking or radio-tracking approach?" Journal of Arid Environments 72, no. 5 (May 2008): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.08.010.

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37

Strus, V., and Iu Strus. "Methods of amphibian tracking." Studia Biologica 14, no. 4 (December 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1404.639.

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ntroduction: In this article, we present a literature review of modern, most common, and useful methods of amphibian tracking. Amphibians are the most sensitive group of animals and near 41 % of species are under the risk of extinction. Therefore, the research of spatial movements of amphibians is one of the most topical tasks of modern herpeto­logy. The information about the use of space is needed for practical protection of sensitive species of amphibians, for planning of protected areas, estimation of the potential danger for some groups of animals when designing infrastructure objects, such as roads. The movement studies gained popularity and have been undertaken since the second part of the 20th century. Such growth in the number of studies is related to the recent advances in radio-electronic technology that contributed to the creation of a range of instruments for automatic or semi-automatic tracking of individual animals. Unfortunately, most of such methods are still too expensive for scientists from developing countries. Thus, classical methods are still widely used. Results: We describe six methods of amphibians tracking: radioisotope tracking, automated radio telemetry, harmonic direction finding, radio frequency identification, fluorescent powder, spool tracking. Each of these methods allows collecting detailed information about spatial movements of individuals. Many of these tracking methods require using of a special tag, which is attached to an animal and used for its further detection. Different types of tags have identical functions but are based on different principles of use. Two of the described methods do not require using of tags and are cheap. These are fluorescent powder and spool tracking. In the article, we provide many links to grant programs and places where special equipment can be found. Conclusions: As a result of literature review, we created a table with concise information about all the described methods. Using this table one can choose the best method for an experiment. Keywords: amphibians, radiotelemetry, fluorescent powder, radioisotope tracking, spool tracking
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38

Bocanegra-Bahamón, T. M., G. Molera Calvés, L. I. Gurvits, D. A. Duev, S. V. Pogrebenko, G. Cimò, D. Dirkx, and P. Rosenblatt. "Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) technique: A test case of the Mars Express Phobos Flyby." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (January 2018): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731524.

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Context. Closed-loop Doppler data obtained by deep space tracking networks, such as the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) and the ESA tracking station network (Estrack), are routinely used for navigation and science applications. By shadow tracking the spacecraft signal, Earth-based radio telescopes involved in the Planetary Radio Interferometry and Doppler Experiment (PRIDE) can provide open-loop Doppler tracking data only when the dedicated deep space tracking facilities are operating in closed-loop mode. Aims. We explain the data processing pipeline in detail and discuss the capabilities of the technique and its potential applications in planetary science. Methods. We provide the formulation of the observed and computed values of the Doppler data in PRIDE tracking of spacecraft and demonstrate the quality of the results using an experiment with the ESA Mars Express spacecraft as a test case. Results. We find that the Doppler residuals and the corresponding noise budget of the open-loop Doppler detections obtained with the PRIDE stations compare to the closed-loop Doppler detections obtained with dedicated deep space tracking facilities.
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39

Agarwal, Nishtha, Kartik Bansal, Vedant Verma, and Nidhi . "Conductor less Bus Ticketing System Using RFID Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 1595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42592.

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Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to generate passenger tickets using RFID technology for the fare of a particular destination. The appropriate amount is deducted from the RFID card. In addition to that, in proposal system RFID has proven to be one of the most promising technologies in recent years and can be effectively employed in various applications since it is economical and widely used tool for tracking and locating purposes. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects .A small radio transponder, a radio receiver, and a radio transmitter make up an RFID system The RFID application, on the other hand, has become a popular tool for both tracking transit vehicles and the public ticketing system.
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40

Gourevitch, Eleanor H. Z., and J. Roger Downie. "Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 17, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v17i2p233-246.

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Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Investigating the behaviors of small, inconspicuous and cryptic animals can be helped by tracking their movements. The effectiveness of different tracking methods can be very dependent on behavior and ecology; radio-telemetry and thread bobbins have been widely used over a range of environments and taxa, but each presents problems. Phyllomedusa trinitatis is a tree frog found in Trinidad and Venezuela and has mostly been studied for its nest building and breeding behavior, but little is known about its behavior away from breeding ponds. This study aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses, including impacts on the welfare of these frogs, of different tracking methods, thread bobbins and radio-telemetry, when used to track them in a dense rainforest environment. A pilot study found that fuorescent dyes were unsuitable for this species. Individuals were tested in laboratory conditions to determine the application time for each tracker and to test on this species the tracker 10% weight rule. The rule was found to be too restrictive for this frog; trackers up to 15% of body weight were used with no signifcant impacts on distances travelled. Frogs became lethargic when bearing trackers longer than two days, so we limited tracking in the feld to one overnight period. Of the 26 frogs tracked in the feld (nine radio-tags, 17 bobbins), 16 were successful (six radio-tags, 10 bobbins) and six untracked frogs were found in the feld during the day as controls. Bobbins were cheaper and allowed visualization of the detailed path taken, including substrates used, but caused more bruising due to entanglement, and individuals tracked with this method were less likely to return on following nights to the breeding ponds. Radio-tags had no threat of entanglement but were much more expensive and the signal was interrupted by the dense vegetation preventing some individuals from being found. There were no signifcant differences in the distances travelled by tracked or control frogs, from which we infer that these tracking methods did not impact signifcantly on movement. It appears that neither of these tracking methods work perfectly for Phyllomedusa in a densely vegetated environment, and that both incur welfare problems. Our study emphasizes the need to test out tracking methods on each species in each habitat.
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41

Zhang, Hongping, Jie Jiang, Dong Wei, and Jie Jiang. "A WILDLIFE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON TIANDITU AND BEIDOU: IN CASE OF THE TIBETAN ANTELOPE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-259-2016.

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Positioning and tracking wildlife is already being an effective way to collect biological information for research and species of wildlife protection. The common technologies of tracking wildlife are divided into several categories, such as radio tracking technology, GPS tracking system, radio frequency identification technology (RFID), and SIM card based technology. Some positive results achieved from these technologies, but there are some problems in location accuracy, price of the system. Taking the case of the protection of the Tibetan antelope, this paper introduces a wildlife monitoring system based on Tianditu and Beidou navigation satellite system. The system consists of two parts: real-time location system and 3D display system. The practical application demonstrates that the system is stable, and data transmission is reliable with lower construction cost, which can improve the capability of national rare wildlife monitoring and protection effectively.
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42

Zhang, Hongping, Jie Jiang, Dong Wei, and Jie Jiang. "A WILDLIFE MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON TIANDITU AND BEIDOU: IN CASE OF THE TIBETAN ANTELOPE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-259-2016.

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Positioning and tracking wildlife is already being an effective way to collect biological information for research and species of wildlife protection. The common technologies of tracking wildlife are divided into several categories, such as radio tracking technology, GPS tracking system, radio frequency identification technology (RFID), and SIM card based technology. Some positive results achieved from these technologies, but there are some problems in location accuracy, price of the system. Taking the case of the protection of the Tibetan antelope, this paper introduces a wildlife monitoring system based on Tianditu and Beidou navigation satellite system. The system consists of two parts: real-time location system and 3D display system. The practical application demonstrates that the system is stable, and data transmission is reliable with lower construction cost, which can improve the capability of national rare wildlife monitoring and protection effectively.
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43

Radhwan Mohammed Jawad Kadhim. "Multiloop tracking distance measuring device of radio-technical tracking system of high-manavable aircrafts." Наука і техніка Повітряних Сил Збройних Сил України, no. 4(33) (November 12, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/nitps.2018.33.09.

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44

Bardareh, Hassan, and Osama Moselhi. "An integrated RFID–UWB method for indoor localization of materials in construction." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 27 (July 26, 2022): 642–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.032.

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A considerable body of literature exists on automated object localization and tracking of construction operations. While GPS-based solutions have been widely investigated in many studies for outdoor tracking of these operations, indoor tracking proved to be more challenging. This paper focuses on indoor material localization and investigates the use of two remote sensing technologies—ultra-wideband and radio frequency identification—and the integrated use of these technologies to leverage the benefits of each for a cost-effective and practical solution for location identification of materials on site. The developed method is based on an experimental study conducted in two phases. In the first phase, experiments are designed and performed to evaluate the accuracy of ultra-wideband for localization, as well as to determine the optimal output power for a hand-held radio frequency identification reader. The optimal power is identified by evaluating the range measurement accuracy and maximum reading range of the hand-held radio frequency identification reader. In the second phase, the integrated use of radio frequency identification device and ultra-wideband for object localization is studied, and an improved trilateration technique is developed. The results of the experiments show an absolute error of 0.52 m and 1.15 m for 2D and 3D localization, respectively. Accordingly, the integration of these two technologies eliminates the need for using a large number of radio frequency identification reference tags on site for indoor material localization. The method is expected to enhance automated material tracking on construction sites by improving the localization accuracy and providing a straightforward data acquisition protocol. The analysis of experimental data captured in a lab setting is also presented, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed method.
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45

Spencer, HJ. "A Compact Frequency-Synthesized Receiver for Radio-Tracking Fruit Bats." Wildlife Research 15, no. 6 (1988): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880689.

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For a recently initiated large-scale study of the biology of pferopid fruit bats in eastern Australia to be economically feasible, all radio-tracking equipment had to be designed and constructed as part of the project. A compact and lightweight receiver, operating in the 150-2 MHz frequency range, which combines a simple and radically novel design with high performance, was developed following a thorough re-evaluation of the requirements for radio-tagging and tracking these animals. The receiver uses a frequency synthesiser to provide 200 channels at 10 kHz spacing. Some initial findings obtained from the project are discussed.
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46

Klokov, Andrey, Motayam Kanouj, and Aleksandr Mironchev. "A Novel Carrier Tracking Approach for GPS Signals Based on Gauss–Hermite Kalman Filter." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142215.

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In a conventional GPS receiver, the carrier tracking system is the key stage that keeps the receiver locked to the radio navigation parameters (RNPs) of the received signal. The most commonly used approaches to the tracking system are phase lock loop (PLL), frequency lock loop (FLL), and FLL-assisted PLL. The main limitation of the above approaches is that their performance deteriorates when working with weak signals and in harsh environments. In recent years, Kalman filter (KF)-based tracking loop architectures have gained increased attention due to their robust and better performance compared with conventional architectures. In this paper, a novel Gauss–Hermite Kalman filtering-based carrier tracking algorithm is proposed for static and moving receivers with weak GPS signals. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with two other approaches: extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Simulations were conducted using a software-defined GPS simulator and software device radio (SDR) modules. A comparative analysis of the tracking methods demonstrated that the proposed tracking method shows a better performance and improves the tracking sensitivity and capability under weak signal conditions as compared with EKF- and UKF-based tracking methods. In addition, the results show that the proposed approach improves the Doppler frequency measurement accuracy under dynamic operation conditions.
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47

Ennis, James G. "The Legal Defense of Radio Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 112 (1991): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100004140.

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The purpose of this paper is to describe one program of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Radio Frequencies (“CORF”). This program uses legal means to protect radio astronomy frequencies from radio interference.CORF is composed of eminent scientists from the fields of radio astronomy, space research, remote sensing, meteorology, and wildlife tracking who use radio frequencies in conducting their research. CORF’s primary objective is to limit the level of harmful man-made interference in the bands used by these scientists as much as possible.
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48

Notaro, Virginia, Daniele Durante, Luciano Iess, and Scott J. Bolton. "Determination of Jupiter’s Mass from Juno Radio Tracking Data." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44, no. 5 (May 2021): 1062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g005311.

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49

Calenge, C., and A. B. Dufour. "EIGENANALYSIS OF SELECTION RATIOS FROM ANIMAL RADIO-TRACKING DATA." Ecology 87, no. 9 (September 2006): 2349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2349:eosrfa]2.0.co;2.

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50

FU, Li, Qinghui LIU, Xin ZHENG, Linfeng YU, Maoli MA, Fengchun SHU, Rongbing ZHAO, Qingbao HE, and Yajun WU. "Tracking technology of Mars spacecraft for large radio telescope." SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n112017-00120.

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