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Journal articles on the topic 'Radicaux carbamoyles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Safiulina, A. M., A. V. Lizunov, E. I. Goryunov, G. V. Bodrin, I. B. Goryunova, T. V. Strelkova, M. S. Grigor'ev, V. K. Brel', and I. G. Tananaev. "Derivatives of (2-carbamoyl ethyl)diphenylphosphine oxides: synthesis and extraction properties with respect to actinides and lanthanides." Журнал неорганической химии 69, no. 1 (January 15, 2024): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24010124.

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A series of (2–carbamoyl ethyl)diphenylphosphine oxides (KFO) has been synthesized from commercially available reagents — diphenyl chlorophosphine and acrylamides. The influence of the number of ligand fragments of Ph2P(O)(CH2)2C(O), the nature of the oligoyl radical binding these fragments, as well as the presence of additional coordination centers in the KEFO molecule on the extraction properties of KEFO with respect to actinides and lanthanides was investigated. It was found that N,N′-methylene-bis[3-(diphenylphosphoryl) has the greatest efficiency in the extraction of actinidespropionamide] (III), in which two diphenylphosphorylpropionyl radicals are bound by a rigid HNCH2NH linker (the degree of extraction of U(VI) reaches ~73%, and Th(IV) — ~85%), while in the case of lanthanides, on the contrary, ligand V, containing the maximum amount of this kind of phosphoryl carbonyl radicals attached to a conformationally non-rigid nitrogenous heterocyclic matrix, as well as KEFO (II), containing an additional C=O group in an alkyl radical attached to a nitrogen atom, has significant advantages carbamoyl fragment (when using this compound, gadolinium extraction is close to 92%). The obtained data show that highly effective and selective extractants of both 4fand 5felements can be created on the basis of (2-carbamoyl ethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide structure.

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2

Xie, Long-Yong, Sha Peng, Li-Hua Yang, and Xiao-Wen Liu. "Metal-Free Synthesis of Carbamoylated Chroman-4-Ones via Cascade Radical Annulation of 2-(Allyloxy)arylaldehydes with Oxamic Acids." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 7049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207049.

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An efficient and straightforward approach for the synthesis of carbamoylated chroman-4-ones has been well-developed. The reaction is triggered through the generation of carbamoyl radicals from oxamic acids under metal-free conditions, which subsequently undergoes decarboxylative radical cascade cyclization on 2-(allyloxy)arylaldehydes to afford various amide-containing chroman-4-one scaffolds with high functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope.

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3

Koshiishi, Ichiro, Kazunori Tsuchida, Tokuko Takajo, and Makiko Komatsu. "Radical scavenger can scavenge lipid allyl radicals complexed with lipoxygenase at lower oxygen content." Biochemical Journal 395, no. 2 (March 28, 2006): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051595.

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Lipoxygenases have been proposed to be a possible factor that is responsible for the pathology of certain diseases, including ischaemic injury. In the peroxidation process of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase, the E,Z-linoleate allyl radical–lipoxygenase complex seems to be generated as an intermediate. In the present study, we evaluated whether E,Z-linoleate allyl radicals on the enzyme are scavenged by radical scavengers. Linoleic acid, the content of which was greater than the dissolved oxygen content, was treated with soya bean lipoxygenase-1 (ferric form) in the presence of radical scavenger, CmP (3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-N-oxyl). The reaction rate between oxygen and lipid allyl radical is comparatively faster than that between CmP and lipid allyl radical. Therefore a reaction between linoleate allyl radical and CmP was not observed while the dioxygenation of linoleic acid was ongoing. After the dissolved oxygen was depleted, CmP stoichiometrically trapped linoleate-allyl radicals. Accompanied by this one-electron redox reaction, the resulting ferrous lipoxygenase was re-oxidized to the ferric form by hydroperoxylinoleate. Through the adduct assay via LC (liquid chromatography)–MS/MS (tandem MS), four E,Z-linoleate allyl radical–CmP adducts corresponding to regio- and diastereo-isomers were detected in the linoleate/lipoxygenase system, whereas E,E-linoleate allyl radical–CmP adducts were not detected at all. If E,Z-linoleate allyl radical is liberated from the enzyme, the E/Z-isomer has to reach equilibrium with the thermodynamically favoured E/E-isomer. These data suggested that the E,Z-linoleate allyl radicals were not liberated from the active site of lipoxygenase before being trapped by CmP. Consequently, we concluded that the lipid allyl radicals complexed with lipoxygenase could be scavenged by radical scavengers at lower oxygen content.

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4

Tang, Jia-Jun, Meng-Yang Zhao, Ying-Jun Lin, Li-Hua Yang, and Long-Yong Xie. "Persulfate-Promoted Carbamoylation/Cyclization of Alkenes: Synthesis of Amide-Containing Quinazolinones." Molecules 29, no. 5 (February 25, 2024): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29050997.

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The incorporation of amide groups into biologically active molecules has been proven to be an efficient strategy for drug design and discovery. In this study, we present a simple and practical method for the synthesis of amide-containing quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under transition-metal-free conditions. This is achieved through a carbamoyl-radical-triggered cascade cyclization of N3-alkenyl-tethered quinazolinones. Notably, the carbamoyl radical is generated in situ from the oxidative decarboxylative process of oxamic acids in the presence of (NH4)2S2O8.

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5

Raviola, Carlotta, Stefano Protti, Davide Ravelli, and Maurizio Fagnoni. "Photogenerated acyl/alkoxycarbonyl/carbamoyl radicals for sustainable synthesis." Green Chemistry 21, no. 4 (2019): 748–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03810d.

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6

Minisci, Francesco, Fausta Coppa, and Francesca Fontana. "Reactivity of carbamoyl radicals: the first general and convenient free-radical synthesis of isocyanates." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 6 (1994): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39940000679.

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7

Petersen, Wade F., Richard J. K. Taylor, and James R. Donald. "Photoredox-catalyzed procedure for carbamoyl radical generation: 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one and quinolin-2-one synthesis." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 27 (2017): 5831–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01274h.

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8

de Pedro Beato, Eduardo, Daniele Mazzarella, Matteo Balletti, and Paolo Melchiorre. "Photochemical generation of acyl and carbamoyl radicals using a nucleophilic organic catalyst: applications and mechanism thereof." Chemical Science 11, no. 24 (2020): 6312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc02313b.

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An organic catalyst uses low-energy photons to generate acyl and carbamoyl radicals upon activation of the corresponding chlorides via a nucleophilic acyl substitution path. The synthetic potential and the mechanism of this strategy are discussed.

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9

Osmanoğlua, Şemsettin, Murat Aydın, and M. Halim Başkana. "EPR of Gamma-irradiated L-Glutamine Hydrochloride and N-Carbamoyl-L-glutamic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2005-0715.

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The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of γ -irradiated L-glutamine hydrochloride and N-carbamoyl- L-glutamic acid single crystals have been investigated at room temperature. Radiation damage centres are attributed to ĊH, ṄH2 and CH2Ċ(NH2)COOH radicals.

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10

MINISCI, F., F. COPPA, and F. FONTANA. "ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals: The First General and Convenient Free-Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates." ChemInform 25, no. 31 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199431121.

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11

Millán-Ortiz, Alejandra, German López-Valdez, Fernando Cortez-Guzmán, and Luis D. Miranda. "A novel carbamoyl radical based dearomatizing spiroacylation process." Chemical Communications 51, no. 39 (2015): 8345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06192f.

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12

Jatoi, Ashique Hussain, Govind Goroba Pawar, Frédéric Robert, and Yannick Landais. "Visible-light mediated carbamoyl radical addition to heteroarenes." Chemical Communications 55, no. 4 (2019): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc08326f.

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13

Wei, Rongbiao, Liang Ge, Hongli Bao, Saihu Liao, and Yajun Li. "Copper-Catalyzed Nitrogenation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Aldehydes: A Direct Route to Carbamoyl Azides." Synthesis 51, no. 24 (September 23, 2019): 4645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690683.

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An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of carbamoyl azides directly from aldehydes has been developed. Both aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes, together with other commercially available reactants, can be used as substrates in this radical relay reaction. Broad substrate scope, simple operation, readily available reagents, and good functionality tolerance make this method very attractive.

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14

Minisci, Francesco, Francesca Fontana, Fausta Coppa, and Yong Ming Yan. "Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals. A New, General, Convenient Free-Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates from Monoamides of Oxalic Acid." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 17 (September 1995): 5430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a020.

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15

Rigby, James H., Diana M. Danca, and John H. Horner. "Carbamoyl radicals from Se-phenylselenocarbamates: Intramolecular additions to alkenes." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 46 (November 1998): 8413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01830-9.

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16

Song, Liyan, Xinqiang Fang, Zijia Wang, Kun Liu, and Chaozhong Li. "Stereoselectivity of 6-Exo Cyclization of α-Carbamoyl Radicals." Journal of Organic Chemistry 81, no. 6 (March 7, 2016): 2442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b00008.

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17

Song, Liyan, Kun Liu, and Chaozhong Li. "Efficient and Regioselective 9-EndoCyclization of α-Carbamoyl Radicals." Organic Letters 13, no. 13 (July 2011): 3434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol201180g.

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18

Panagopoulos, Anastasios, Konstantina Alipranti, Kyriaki Mylona, Polinikis Paisidis, Stergios Rizos, Alexandros E. Koumbis, Emmanouil Roditakis, and Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou. "Exploration of the DNA Photocleavage Activity of O-Halo-phenyl Carbamoyl Amidoximes: Studies of the UVA-Induced Effects on a Major Crop Pest, the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci." DNA 3, no. 2 (April 4, 2023): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dna3020006.

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The DNA photocleavage effect of halogenated O-carbamoyl derivatives of 4-MeO-benzamidoxime under UVB and UVA irradiation was studied in order to identify the nature, position, and number of halogens on the carbamoyl moiety that ensure photoactivity. F, Cl, and Br-phenyl carbamate esters (PCME) exhibited activity with the p-Cl-phenyl derivative to show excellent photocleavage against pBR322 plasmid DNA. m-Cl-PCME has diminished activity, whereas the presence of two halogen atoms reduced DNA photocleavage. The substitution on the benzamidoxime scaffold was irrelevant to the activity. The mechanism of action indicated function in the absence of oxygen, probably via radicals derived from the N-O bond homolysis of the carbamates and in air via hydroxyl radicals and partially singlet oxygen. The UVA-vis area of absorption of the nitro-benzamidoxime p-Cl-PCMEs allowed for the investigation of their potential efficacy as photopesticides under UVA irradiation against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a major pest of numerous crops. The m-nitro derivative exhibited a moderate specificity against the adult population. Nymphs were not affected. The compound was inactive in the dark. This result may allow for the development of lead compounds for the control of agricultural insect pests that can cause significant economic damage in crop production.

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19

Miyaji, Akimitsu, and Yutaka Amao. "Artificial co-enzyme based on carbamoyl-modified viologen derivative cation radical for formate dehydrogenase in the catalytic CO2 reduction to formate." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 43 (2020): 18803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj04375c.

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The interaction between the single-electron reduced carbamoyl-modified-4,4-bipyridinium salt and CbFDH in the CO₂ reduction to formate is elucidated by enzymatic kinetic analysis, the docking simulation and density functional theory calculation.

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20

MINISCI, F., F. FONTANA, F. COPPA, and Y. M. YAN. "ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Carbamoyl Radicals. A New, General, Convenient Free- Radical Synthesis of Isocyanates from Monoamides of Oxalic Acid." ChemInform 27, no. 1 (August 12, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199601091.

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21

Sato, Tatsunori, Yasuko Wada, Mami Nishimoto, Hiroyuki Ishibashi, and Masazumi Ikeda. "Synthesis of five-membered lactams by α-carbamoyl radical cyclisations." J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, no. 5 (1989): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19890000879.

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22

Millan-Ortiz, Alejandra, German Lopez-Valdez, Fernando Cortez-Guzman, and Luis D. Miranda. "ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Carbamoyl Radical Based Dearomatizing Spiroacylation Process." ChemInform 46, no. 40 (September 17, 2015): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201540125.

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23

López-Valdez, Germán, Simón Olguín-Uribe, and Luis D. Miranda. "Carbamoyl radicals from carbamoylxanthates: a facile entry into isoindolin-1-ones." Tetrahedron Letters 48, no. 47 (November 2007): 8285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.142.

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24

RIGBY, J. H., D. M. DANCA, and J. H. HORNER. "ChemInform Abstract: Carbamoyl Radicals from Se-Phenylselenocarbamates: Intramolecular Additions to Alkenes." ChemInform 30, no. 6 (June 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199906150.

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25

Betou, Marie, Louise Male, Jonathan W. Steed, and Richard S. Grainger. "Carbamoyl Radical-Mediated Synthesis and Semipinacol Rearrangement of β-Lactam Diols." Chemistry - A European Journal 20, no. 21 (April 7, 2014): 6505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201304982.

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26

Assayag, Miri, Sara Goldstein, Amram Samuni, and Neville Berkman. "3-Carbamoyl-proxyl nitroxide radicals attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 171 (August 2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.010.

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27

Song, Liyan, Kun Liu, and Chaozhong Li. "ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Regioselective 9-endo Cyclization of α-Carbamoyl Radicals." ChemInform 42, no. 45 (October 13, 2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201145167.

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28

Grainger, Richard S., and Paolo Innocenti. "Dithiocarbamate Group Transfer Cyclization Reactions of Carbamoyl Radicals under “Tin-Free” Conditions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 26 (June 28, 2004): 3445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200453600.

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29

Grainger, Richard S., and Paolo Innocenti. "Dithiocarbamate Group Transfer Cyclization Reactions of Carbamoyl Radicals under“Tin-Free” Conditions." Angewandte Chemie 116, no. 26 (June 28, 2004): 3527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200453600.

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30

Cardinale, Luana, Mikhail O. Konev, and Axel Jacobi von Wangelin. "Photoredox‐Catalyzed Addition of Carbamoyl Radicals to Olefins: A 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Approach." Chemistry – A European Journal 26, no. 37 (June 11, 2020): 8239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202002410.

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31

Franco Bella, A., Leon V. Jackson, and John C. Walton. "Preparation of β-and γ-lactams via ring closures of unsaturated carbamoyl radicals derived from 1-carbamoyl-1-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dienes." Org. Biomol. Chem. 2, no. 3 (2004): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b313932h.

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32

Quirante, Josefina, Carmen Escolano, Mireia Massot, and Josep Bonjoch. "Synthesis of 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes by means of (carbamoyl)dichloromethyl radical cyclization." Tetrahedron 53, no. 4 (January 1997): 1391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(96)01051-4.

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33

Betou, Marie, Louise Male, Jonathan W. Steed, and Richard S. Grainger. "ChemInform Abstract: Carbamoyl Radical-Mediated Synthesis and Semipinacol Rearrangement of β-Lactam Diols." ChemInform 45, no. 44 (October 16, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201444075.

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34

Yan, Xu-Ping, Cheng-Kun Li, Shao-Fang Zhou, Adedamola Shoberu, and Jian-Ping Zou. "Copper-catalyzed sp3-carbon radical/carbamoyl radical cross coupling: A direct strategy for carbamoylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds." Tetrahedron 76, no. 30 (July 2020): 131342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2020.131342.

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35

Scanlan, Eoin M., Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and John C. Walton. "Preparation of β- and γ-lactams from carbamoyl radicals derived from oxime oxalate amides." Org. Biomol. Chem. 2, no. 5 (2004): 716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b315223e.

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36

Kovacic, Peter. "Hydroxyurea (therapeutics and mechanism): Metabolism, carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, radicals, cell signaling and clinical applications." Medical Hypotheses 76, no. 1 (January 2011): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.023.

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37

QUIRANTE, J., C. ESCOLANO, M. MASSOT, and J. BONJOCH. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2-Azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes by Means of (Carbamoyl) dichloromethyl Radical Cyclization." ChemInform 28, no. 19 (August 4, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199719174.

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38

Fang, Xinqiang, Kun Liu, and Chaozhong Li. "Efficient Regio- and Stereoselective Formation of Azocan-2-ones via 8-EndoCyclization of α-Carbamoyl Radicals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 7 (February 24, 2010): 2274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9082649.

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39

Fujiwara, Shin-ichi, Yoshihiko Shimizu, Yuji Imahori, Masashi Toyofuku, Tsutomu Shin-ike, and Nobuaki Kambe. "A new entry to α-alkylidene-β-lactams by 4-exo-dig cyclization of carbamoyl radicals." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 26 (July 2009): 3628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.071.

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40

DiLabio, Gino A., Eoin M. Scanlan, and John C. Walton. "Kinetic and Theoretical Study of 4-exoRing Closures of Carbamoyl Radicals onto CC and CN Bonds." Organic Letters 7, no. 1 (January 2005): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol047716+.

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41

Benati, Luisa, Giorgio Bencivenni, Rino Leardini, Matteo Minozzi, Daniele Nanni, Rosanna Scialpi, Piero Spagnolo, and Giuseppe Zanardi. "Generation and Cyclization of Unsaturated Carbamoyl Radicals Derived fromS-4-Pentynyl Carbamothioates under Tin-Free Conditions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 71, no. 8 (April 2006): 3192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0602064.

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42

Liu, Li, Qian Chen, Yun-Dong Wu, and Chaozhong Li. "8-Endo versus 7-Exo Cyclization of α-Carbamoyl Radicals. A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Studies." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 5 (March 2005): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0481349.

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43

Quirante, Josefina, Carmen Escolano, Laura Costejà, and Josep Bonjoch. "Cyclization of 1-(carbamoyl)dichloromethyl radicals upon activated alkenes. A new entry to 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 39 (September 1997): 6901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01590-6.

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44

Francisco, Cosme G., Antonio J. Herrera, Ángeles Martín, Inés Pérez-Martín, and Ernesto Suárez. "Intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reaction promoted by phosphoramidyl and carbamoyl radicals: synthesis of 2-amino-C-glycosides." Tetrahedron Letters 48, no. 36 (September 2007): 6384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.06.152.

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45

Bai, Qi-Fan, Chengan Jin, Jing-Yao He, and Gaofeng Feng. "Carbamoyl Radicals via Photoredox Decarboxylation of Oxamic Acids in Aqueous Media: Access to 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones." Organic Letters 20, no. 8 (April 4, 2018): 2172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00449.

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46

Camarillo-López, Raúl Horacio, Maricarmen Hernández Rodríguez, Mónica Adriana Torres-Ramos, Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez, Iohanan Daniel García-Marín, José Correa Basurto, Juan Vicente Méndez Méndez, and Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández. "Tert-butyl-(4-hydroxy-3-((3-(2-methylpiperidin-yl)propyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)carbamate Has Moderated Protective Activity in Astrocytes Stimulated with Amyloid Beta 1-42 and in a Scopolamine Model." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215009.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with no cure nowadays; there is no treatment either to prevent or to stop its progression. In vitro studies suggested that tert-butyl-(4-hydroxy-3-((3-(2-methylpiperidin-yl)propyl)carbamoyl)phenyl) carbamate named the M4 compound can act as both β-secretase and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, preventing the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) aggregation and the formation of fibrils (fAβ) from Aβ1-42. This work first aimed to assess in in vitro studies to see whether the death of astrocyte cells promoted by Aβ1-42 could be prevented. Second, our work investigated the ability of the M4 compound to inhibit amyloidogenesis using an in vivo model after scopolamine administration. The results showed that M4 possesses a moderate protective effect in astrocytes against Aβ1-42 due to a reduction in the TNF-α and free radicals observed in cell cultures. In the in vivo studies, however, no significant effect of M4 was observed in comparison with a galantamine model employed in rats, in which case this outcome was attributed to the bioavailability of M4 in the brain of the rats.

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47

López-Valdez, Germán, Simón Olguín-Uribe, Alejandra Millan-Ortíz, Rocio Gamez-Montaño, and Luis D. Miranda. "Convenient access to isoindolinones via carbamoyl radical cyclization. Synthesis of cichorine and 4-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one natural products." Tetrahedron 67, no. 14 (April 2011): 2693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.003.

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48

Vesković, Ana, Đura Nakarada, Olga Vasiljević, Anatolie Dobrov, Gabriella Spengler, Éva A. Enyedy, Vladimir B. Arion, and Ana Popović Bijelić. "The Release of a Highly Cytotoxic Paullone Bearing a TEMPO Free Radical from the HSA Hydrogel: An EPR Spectroscopic Characterization." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061174.

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This study shows the potential of a thermally induced human serum albumin (HSA) hydrogel to serve as a drug depot for sustained release of a highly cytotoxic modified paullone ligand bearing a TEMPO free radical (HL). The binding of HL to HSA was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging. The EPR protocol was also implemented for the study of matrix degradation, and ligand diffusion rate, in two additional spin-labeled hydrogels, containing 5-doxylstearate and 3-carbamoyl-proxyl. The results showed that the hydrogel is an efficient HL reservoir as it retained 60% of the ligand during 11 days of dialysis in physiological saline. Furthermore, upon incubation with Colo 205 human colon adenocarcinoma cells for 3 days, the HL/HSA hydrogel did not exhibit cytotoxic activity, demonstrating that it is also an efficient ligand depot in the presence of living cells. It was observed that the percentage of HL release is independent of its initial concentration in the hydrogel, suggesting that HSA possesses a specific binding site for the ligand, most likely Sudlow site 2, as predicted by molecular docking. The intrinsic property of albumin to bind and transport various substances, including hydrophobic drugs, may be fine-tuned by appropriate physical/chemical hydrogel preparation procedures, providing optimal drug delivery.

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Midorikawa, Kaoru, Kazutaka Hirakawa, and Shosuke Kawanishi. "Hydroxylation of Deoxyguanosine at 5′ Site of GG and GGG Sequences in Double-stranded DNA Induced by Carbamoyl Radicals." Free Radical Research 36, no. 6 (January 2002): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715760290029119.

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QUIRANTE, J., C. ESCOLANO, L. COSTEJA, and J. BONJOCH. "ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of 1-(Carbamoyl)dichloromethyl Radicals Upon Activated Alkenes. A New Entry to 2-Azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes." ChemInform 28, no. 52 (August 2, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199752176.

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