Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radical polymer / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Radical polymer'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Radical polymer.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Radical polymer.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Khudyakov, Igor, Peter Levin, and Aleksei Efremkin. "Cage Effect under Photolysis in Polymer Matrices." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020111.

Full text

Abstract:

Photoinduced elementary reactions of low-MW compounds in polymers is an area of active research. Cured organic polymer coatings often undergo photodegradation by free-radical paths. Besides practical importance, such studies teach how the polymer environment controls elementary free-radical reactions. Presented here is a review of recent literature which reports such studies by product analysis and by a time-resolve technique of photochemical reaction inside the cage of a polymer and in the bulk of a polymer. It was established that application of moderate external magnetic field allows the control of the kinetics of free radicals in elastomers. Preheating and stretching of elastomers affect reactivity of photoproduced radicals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Oh, Saet Byeol, Hye Lynn Kim, Jun Ho Chang, Yong-Won Lee, Jong Hun Han, Seong Soo A. An, Sang-Woo Joo, Hyung-Kook Kim, Insung S. Choi, and Hyun-jong Paik. "Facile Covalent Attachment of Well-Defined Poly(t-butyl acrylate) on Carbon Nanotubes via Radical Addition Reaction." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic15.

Full text

Abstract:

We developed a new method to covalently attach well-defined polymers onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a radical reaction. Well-defined poly(t-butyl acrylate) [p(tBA)] was first prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which formed radicals at the end of the polymer chain through an atom transfer. The generated radicals at the chain ends added CNTs to generate covalently functionalized p(tBA)-grafted CNTs. The polymer-attached CNTs showed much improved solubility in organic solvents. The synthesized MWNT-g-p(tBA) and SWNT-g-p(tBA) were characterized by IR, TGA and Raman spectroscopy, clearly indicating the formation of covalent bonding between p(tBA) and CNTs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kuzuya, Masayuki, Shin-ichi Kondo, and Yasushi Sasai. "Addendum - Recent advances in plasma techniques for biomedical and drug engineering." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577040667.

Full text

Abstract:

Plasma-induced surface radicals formed on a variety of organic polymers have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR), making it possible to provide a sound basis for future experimental design of polymer surface processing (i.e., plasma treatment). On the basis of the findings from such studies on the nature of radical formation and radical reactivity, several novel bioapplications in the field of biomedical and drug engineering have been developed. Applications derived from the nature of plasma-induced surface radical formation include the preparation of a reservoir-type drug delivery system (DDS) of sustained and delayed release, and a floating drug delivery system (FDDS) possessing gastric retention capabilities, the combined findings leading to preparation of a novel “patient-tailored DDS” administered under consideration of the fact that the environment (pH and transit time, etc.) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract varies with each patient. Applications derived from the reactivity of plasma-induced surface radicals include the preparation of composite powders applicable to a matrix-type DDS by making a mechanical application to the surface radical-containing polymer powders with drug powders, plasma-assisted immobilization of oligo-nucleotides (DNA) onto polymer surfaces applicable to constructing a DNA diagnosis system, and basic study of plasma-assisted preparation of a novel functionalized chemo-embolic agent of non-crosslinked hydrogel, vinyl alcohol-sodium acrylate copolymer (PVA-PAANa).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Yuan, Chao, Ping Liu, Long Hua Chen, and Yuan Zhang. "Radical Polymerization of a Novel Methacrylamide Derivative." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.359.

Full text

Abstract:

The radical polymerization of a novel methacrylamide derivative, N-[o-(4-ethyl-4, 5-dihydro-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl) phenyl] methacrylamide ((S)-EtOPMAM), was carried out to obtained optically active polymers. The polymer yield and the chiroptical behavior of the resultant polymers have been examined in detail by using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies in comparison with our previous observation. The polymers showed relatively high molecular weights (Mn=8000-16000) and largest specific rotations ([α]25D =+120.6o). Particularly, the largest specific optical rotation of the polymer is almost the six times of the monomer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Riazi, Hossein, Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi, Michael Grady, Andrew Rappe, and Masoud Soroush. "Method of Moments Applied to Most-Likely High-Temperature Free-Radical Polymerization Reactions." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100656.

Full text

Abstract:

Many widely-used polymers are made via free-radical polymerization. Mathematical models of polymerization reactors have many applications such as reactor design, operation, and intensification. The method of moments has been utilized extensively for many decades to derive rate equations needed to predict polymer bulk properties. In this article, for a comprehensive list consisting of more than 40 different reactions that are most likely to occur in high-temperature free-radical homopolymerization, moment rate equations are derived methodically. Three types of radicals—secondary radicals, tertiary radicals formed through backbiting reactions, and tertiary radicals produced by intermolecular chain transfer to polymer reactions—are accounted for. The former tertiary radicals generate short-chain branches, while the latter ones produce long-chain branches. In addition, two types of dead polymer chains, saturated and unsaturated, are considered. Using a step-by-step approach based on the method of moments, this article guides the reader to determine the contributions of each reaction to the production or consumption of each species as well as to the zeroth, first and second moments of chain-length distributions of live and dead polymer chains, in order to derive the overall rate equation for each species, and to derive the rate equations for the leading moments of different chain-length distributions. The closure problems that arise are addressed by assuming chain-length distribution models. As a case study, β-scission and backbiting rate coefficients of methyl acrylate are estimated using the model, and the model is then applied to batch spontaneous thermal polymerization to predict polymer average molecular weights and monomer conversion. These predictions are compared with experimental measurements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hansen-Felby, Magnus, Steen U. Pedersen, and Kim Daasbjerg. "Electrocatalytic Depolymerization of Self-Immolative Poly(Dithiothreitol) Derivatives." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196292.

Full text

Abstract:

We report the use of electrogenerated anthraquinone radical anion (AQ•−) to trigger fast catalytic depolymerization of polymers derived from poly(dithiothreitol) (pDTT)—a self-immolative polymer (SIP) with a backbone of dithiothreitols connected with disulfide bonds and end-capped via disulfide bonds to pyridyl groups. The pDTT derivatives studied include polymers with simple thiohexyl end-caps or modified with AQ or methyl groups by Steglich esterification. All polymers were shown to be depolymerized using catalytic amounts of electrons delivered by AQ•−. For pDTT, as little as 0.2 electrons per polymer chain was needed to achieve complete depolymerization. We hypothesize that the reaction proceeds with AQ•− as an electron carrier (either molecularly or as a pendant group), which transfers an electron to a disulfide bond in the polymer in a dissociative manner, generating a thiyl radical and a thiolate. The rapid and catalytic depolymerization is driven by thiyl radicals attacking other disulfide bonds internally or between pDTT chains in a chain reaction. Electrochemical triggering works as a general method for initiating depolymerization of pDTT derivatives and may likely also be used for depolymerization of other disulfide polymers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Vaia, Richard A., and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Polymer Nanocomposites: Status and Opportunities." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2001): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.93.

Full text

Abstract:

Reinforcement of polymers with a second phase, whether inorganic or organic, to produce a polymer composite is common in the production of modern plastics. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a radical alternative to these conventional polymer composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nishide, Hiroyuki, Kenichiroh Koshika, and Kenichi Oyaizu. "Environmentally benign batteries based on organic radical polymers." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 11 (October 15, 2009): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-12-03.

Full text

Abstract:

A radical polymer is an aliphatic organic polymer bearing densely populated unpaired electrons in the pendant robust radical groups per repeating unit. These radicals’ unpaired electrons are characterized by very fast electron-transfer reactivity, allowing reversible charging as the electrode-active materials for secondary batteries. Organic-based radical batteries have several advantages over conventional batteries, such as increased safety, adaptability to wet fabrication processes, easy disposability, and capability of fabrication from less-limited resources, which are described along the fashion of green chemistry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhang, Kai, Yuan Xie, Benjamin B. Noble, Michael J. Monteiro, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, Kenichi Oyaizu, and Zhongfan Jia. "Unravelling kinetic and mass transport effects on two-electron storage in radical polymer batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 22 (2021): 13071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta03449a.

Full text

Abstract:

Electron transfer and mass transport kinetics between two redox couples in nitroxide radical polymers was investigated. Such impact on two-electron storage in radical polymer batteries was exemplified by two macromolecular structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Li, Cheng-Han, and Daniel P. Tabor. "Discovery of lead low-potential radical candidates for organic radical polymer batteries with machine-learning-assisted virtual screening." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 15 (2022): 8273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta00743f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lathwal, Sushil, Saigopalakrishna S. Yerneni, Susanne Boye, Upenyu L. Muza, Shuntaro Takahashi, Naoki Sugimoto, Albena Lederer, Subha R. Das, Phil G. Campbell, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Engineering exosome polymer hybrids by atom transfer radical polymerization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): e2020241118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020241118.

Full text

Abstract:

Exosomes are emerging as ideal drug delivery vehicles due to their biological origin and ability to transfer cargo between cells. However, rapid clearance of exogenous exosomes from the circulation as well as aggregation of exosomes and shedding of surface proteins during storage limit their clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate highly controlled and reversible functionalization of exosome surfaces with well-defined polymers that modulate the exosome’s physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Using cholesterol-modified DNA tethers and complementary DNA block copolymers, exosome surfaces were engineered with different biocompatible polymers. Additionally, polymers were directly grafted from the exosome surface using biocompatible photo-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). These exosome polymer hybrids (EPHs) exhibited enhanced stability under various storage conditions and in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Tuning of the polymer length and surface loading allowed precise control over exosome surface interactions, cellular uptake, and preserved bioactivity. EPHs show fourfold higher blood circulation time without altering tissue distribution profiles. Our results highlight the potential of precise nanoengineering of exosomes toward developing advanced drug and therapeutic delivery systems using modern ATRP methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chen, Jian Fang, and Ai Hua Ling. "Design and Synthesis of a Miktoarm Star PMMAZO-(PCL)₂ Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2089.

Full text

Abstract:

A series of novel miktoarm star polymers were synthesized by combination of at-om transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), chemical modification and ring-opening polymeri-zation(ROP). These miktoarm star polymers carring one poly[6-(4-methoxy-4’-oxy-azobenzene) hexylmethacrylate] azobenzene (PMMAZO) side-chain liquid crystalline(LC) arm and two polycaprolactone(PCL) arms. These precursors and miktoarm star polymers were characterized by proton nuclear resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chramatograph(GPC). The information of PMMAZO(OH)2 and PMMAZO-(PCL)2 miktoarm star polymer confirmed the expected structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Holze, Rudolf. "Radical Intermediates in Electrochemical Polymer-Forming Reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 6 (2000): 899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20000899.

Full text

Abstract:

The role of organic radicals in the formation of functional polymers, in particular intrinsically conducting polymers, is reviewed. New results recently obtained with in situ spectroscopic methods illustrating the influence of the molecular structure of monomers (aniline and substituted anilines) in the behaviour of radical intermediates are presented. The stabilising influence of substituents at various positions of the aniline molecule is evaluated and compared based on conceivable structures of reaction intermediates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tran, Clara, Nicole Hallahan, Elena Kosobrodova, Jason Tong, Peter Thorn, and Marcela Bilek. "Plasma Surface Engineering to Biofunctionalise Polymers for β-Cell Adhesion." Coatings 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091085.

Full text

Abstract:

Implant devices containing insulin-secreting β-cells hold great promise for the treatment of diabetes. Using in vitro cell culture, long-term function and viability are enhanced when β-cells are cultured with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Here, our goal is to engineer a favorable environment within implant devices, where ECM proteins are stably immobilized on polymer scaffolds, to better support β-cell adhesion. Four different polymer candidates (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSU)) were treated using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) to enable the covalent attachment of laminin on their surfaces. Surface characterisation analysis shows the increased hydrophilicity, polar groups and radical density on all polymers after the treatment. Among the four polymers, PIII-treated LDPE has the highest water contact angle and the lowest radical density which correlate well with the non-significant protein binding improvement observed after 2 months of storage. The study found that the radical density created by PIII treatment of aromatic polymers was higher than that created by the treatment of aliphatic polymers. The higher radical density significantly improves laminin attachment to aromatic polymers, making them better substrates for β-cell adhesion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Li, Xiaohui, Erlita Mastan, Wen-Jun Wang, Bo-Geng Li, and Shiping Zhu. "Progress in reactor engineering of controlled radical polymerization: a comprehensive review." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 1 (2016): 23–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5re00044k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yhaya, Firdaus, Andrew M. Gregory, and Martina H. Stenzel. "Polymers with Sugar Buckets - The Attachment of Cyclodextrins onto Polymer Chains." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 2 (2010): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09516.

Full text

Abstract:

This Review summarizes the structures obtained when marrying synthetic polymers of varying architectures with cyclodextrins. Polymers with cyclodextrin pendant groups were obtained by directly polymerizing cyclodextrin-based monomers or by postmodification of reactive polymers with cyclodextrins. Star polymers with cyclodextrin as the core with up to 21 arms were usually obtained by using modified cyclodextrins as initiator or controlling agent. Limited reports are available on the synthesis of star polymers by arm-first techniques, which all employed azide-functionalized cyclodextrin and ‘click’ chemistry to attach seven polymer arms to the cyclodextrin core. Polymer chains with one or two cyclodextrin terminal units were reported as well as star polymers carrying a cyclodextrin molecule at the end of each arm. Cyclodextrin polymers were obtained using different polymerization techniques ranging from atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, nitroxide-mediated polymerization, free radical polymerization to (ionic) ring-opening polymerization, and polycondensation. Cyclodextrin polymers touch all areas of polymer science from gene delivery, self-assembled structures, drug carriers, molecular sensors, hydrogels, and liquid crystalline polymers. This Review attempts to focus on the range of work conducted with polymers and cyclodextrins and highlights some of the key areas where these macromolecules have been applied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Verstraeten, F., R. Göstl, and R. P. Sijbesma. "Stress-induced colouration and crosslinking of polymeric materials by mechanochemical formation of triphenylimidazolyl radicals." Chemical Communications 52, no. 55 (2016): 8608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc04312g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

McClory, Caroline, Seow Jecg Chin, and Tony McNally. "Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 8 (2009): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09131.

Full text

Abstract:

The unique geometry and extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivity properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them ideal candidates as functional fillers for polymeric materials. In this paper we review the advances in both thermoset and thermoplastic CNT composites. The various processing methods used in polymer/CNT composite preparation; solution mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and melt blending, are discussed. The role of surface functionalization, including ‘grafting to’ and ‘grafting from’ using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), radical addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in aiding dispersion of CNTs in polymers and interfacial stress transfer is highlighted. In addition the effect of CNT type, loading, functionality and alignment on electrical and rheological percolation is summarized. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of both Raman spectroscopy and oscillatory plate rheology as tools to characterize the extent of dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices. We conclude by briefly discussing the potential applications of polymer/CNT composites and highlight the challenges that remain so that the unique properties of CNTs can be optimally translated to polymer matrices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Tirelli, Nicola, Angelina Altomare, Roberto Solaro, and Francesco Ciardelli. "Photomodulation of the hydrophilic properties of acrylic polymers containing side-chain azobenzene chromophores." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-228.

Full text

Abstract:

Partially hydrophilic polymers have been prepared by free-radical copolymerization of trans-4-acryloyloxyazobenzene with N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide. A turbidimetric method has been adapted to investigate the dependence of the polymer hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance on chemical composition and extent of photoisomerization of side-chain azobenzene chromophores. Irradiation at 366 nm of polymer suspension in THF–water induces the isomerization of azobenzene groups from the planar apolar trans form to the nonplanar polar cis form. Correspondingly, the solution turbidity is appreciably modified. Experimental results are discussed in terms of polymer structural parameters. Suspension stability and the possibility of carrying out photochemical cycles have been also investigated. Keywords: photochromic polymers, photoresponsive polymer, photomodulation of polymer properties, azobenzene-containing polymers, acryloyloxyazobenzene, N-tert-butylacrylamide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Guo, Jinxin, Jialing Jian, Meng Wang, Yasuo Tomita, Lin Cao, Dayong Wang, and Xinping Zhang. "Ag nanoparticle-enhanced alkyl radical generation in photopolymerization for holographic recording." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 1795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0188.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe report a new Ag nanoparticle-dispersed polymer nanocomposite for volume holographic recording through acrylic photopolymerization. The initial grating buildup dynamics at the inhibition stage are measured at various Ag nanoparticle concentrations. The refractive index modulation amplitude as large as 0.0069 at 633 nm is seen at the optimum Ag nanoparticle concentration of 1 wt.% with respect to the monomer. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements show that Ag nanoparticles influence both the generation of alkyl radicals and the scavenging of oxygen in free radical photopolymerization. This mechanism intrinsically determines the molecular weight of polymer being formed and, thereby, affects the refractive index modulation amplitude of the formed grating as a function of Ag nanoparticle concentrations. Moreover, we confirm that two-beam holographic exposure leads to a periodic assembly of dispersed Ag nanoparticles using a dark-field microscopy. Our results suggest a simple way to control the photopolymerization and, therefore, to tailor polymers for practical uses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lei, Q., X. H. Yin, K. Kobayashi, T. Kawai, M. Ozaki, and K. Yoshino. "Electrical properties of polymer composties: conducting polymer-polyacene quinone radical polymer." Synthetic Metals 69, no. 1-3 (March 1995): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)02484-g.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Buss, Bonnie L., Logan R. Beck, and Garret M. Miyake. "Synthesis of star polymers using organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization through a core-first approach." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 13 (2018): 1658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01833a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Davis, T. P., and J. P. A. Heuts. "25th Australasian Polymer Symposium Special Issue." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 7 (2002): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02160.

Full text

Abstract:

In February 2001 the 25th Australasian Polymer Symposium was held at the University of New England in Armidale and was attended by over 200 Australasian and international scientists; about a third of these were registered as students. Preceding the conference, a well-attended joint workshop/summer school with the theme of radical polymerization was convened in association with the Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers (CRC-P) and the ARC Key Centre for Polymer Colloids (KCPC).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Brendel, Johannes C., Guillaume Gody, and Sébastien Perrier. "Efficient click-addition sequence for polymer–polymer couplings." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 35 (2016): 5536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00954a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Evans, Richard A. "The Rise of Azide–Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar 'Click' Cycloaddition and its Application to Polymer Science and Surface Modification." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 6 (2007): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06457.

Full text

Abstract:

New methods to synthesize and functionalize polymers are of constant interest to the polymer scientist. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and terminal alkyne has received much attention since the reports that copper(i) provides high yields and regioselective synthesis of 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This coupling chemistry has been rapidly adopted by polymer scientists in the synthesis and post-polymerization modification of polymers. This Review will provide the historical context of the recent development of the copper-mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition and its use in polymer science, particularly in dendrimer synthesis/functionalization, surface immobilization/modification, orthogonally functionalizing polymers, and its integration with ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Gao, Wenli, Rui Tang, Minghao Bai, Hengzhe Yu, Yonghong Ruan, Jinli Zheng, Yinjun Chen, and Wengui Weng. "Dynamic covalent polymer networks with mechanical and mechanoresponsive properties reinforced by strong hydrogen bonding." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 15 (2022): 2173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2py00179a.

Full text

Abstract:

Mechanoresponsive dynamic covalent networks were designed and synthesized by embedding radical mechanophores into the polymer backbone as crosslinkers. The mechanical properties and mechanoresponsiveness of the polymers were reinforced by hydrogen bonds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Shin, Dong Sig, Jae Hoon Lee, and Jeong Suh. "Microfabrication of Polymers Using KrF Excimer Laser Beam." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.115.

Full text

Abstract:

Pulsed UV laser beams, which are widely used in the processing of polymers, offer many advantages in the field of polymer production, primarily because their photon energy is higher than the binding energy of the polymer. In particular, the fabrication of polymers with an excimer laser process is faster and more convenient than with other processes. Nevertheless, some problems occur in the precision microprocessing of polymers, including the formation and deposition of surface debris, which is produced from the breakdown of either polymer chains or radical bonds. In the present work, a process for eliminating carbonized surface debris contamination generated by the laser ablation of a polymer was developed. The proposed approach for removing surface debris utilizes an erasable ink pasted on the polymer. The surface debris ejected from the polymer is then combined with the ink layer on the polymer. Finally, both the surface debris and the ink layer can be removed using adhesive tape.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sapozhnikov, Dmitriy A., Tat'yana V. Volkova, Antonina A. Sakharova, Rashid G. Gasanov, Vanda Yu Voytekunas, Marc J. M. Abadie, Jean-Yves Sanchez, and Yakov S. Vygodskii. "Copolymers Formation by Photopolymerization of (Meth)acrylates Containing Dissolved Polyheteroarylenes." International Journal of Polymer Science 2009 (2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/527046.

Full text

Abstract:

Radical photopolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of dissolved polyheteroarylenes has been investigated. The kinetics of radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyheteroarylenes and model compounds has been studied by Differential Scanning Photocalorimetry and Infrared Spectroscopy. From the results of investigations into the kinetics and the polymer structures (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Size-exclusion Chromatography, Thermogravimetric analysis), it has been established that radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of polyheteroarylenes leads to the formation of copolymers owing to chain transfer reactions and/or chain termination by the relevant condensation polymer. Using Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy the novel radicals upon the addition of model compounds for the polyheteroarylenes have been detected, and a mechanism of copolymer formation has been proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Li, Song Tao, Dan Li, and Chun Ju He. "Synthesis of Allyl Functionalized Telechelic PVP by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.235.

Full text

Abstract:

Telechelic polymers have been explored widely because they are precursors for preparing multi-block copolymers, grafted polymers, star polymers, and polymer networks [1-2]. A variety of telechelic polymers with terminals like hydroxy, carboxylic, epoxy groups and carbon–carbon double bond have been prepared by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques including nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT)[3-5].The CRP techniques can not only control the molecular weight but also can be carried out in the presence of many functional groups from monomers, initiators, or chain transfer agents (CTA).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Volianiuk, Kateryna, Nataliya Mitina, Nataliya Kinash, Khrystyna Harhay, Larysa Dolynska, Zoriana Nadashkevich, Orest Hevus, and Alexander Zaichenko. "Telechelic Oligo(N-Vinylpyrolydone)swith Cumene Based Terminal Groups for Block-Copolymer and Nanoparticle Obtaining." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.01.034.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymers with terminal epoxy, phosphate, fluoroalkyl groups were obtained by radical polymerization in the presence of chain transfer agents derived from isopropylbenzene. The structure of polymers was confirmed by NMR spectra and functional analysis. Polymers with functional fragment were used for synthesis of polymer-inorganic particles and copolymers with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) fragment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ito, Katsukiyo. "Radical polymerization initiated by primary radicals with similar structure to the end radical on the polymer." Polymer 26, no. 8 (August 1985): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(85)90262-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Lewandowska, Hanna, and Jarosław Sadło. "Radical Composition and Radical Reaction Kinetics in the Probe-Irradiated XLPE Samples as a Potential Source of Information on Their Aging Degree." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165723.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyethylene is a model polyolefin, and a widely used material for the manufacture of many products, including cable sheaths. Understanding degradation mechanisms at the atomic scale leading to oxidation during aging is crucial for many long-term applications. The concentrations of radicals derived from oxidation and chain scission during radio-oxidation, as well as their ratio, are important parameters controlling the predominance of chain scission or crosslinking of the polymer. In this work, we propose a cryogenic EPR technique for measuring oxidation- and fragmentation-derived radicals as a less-destructive method for the evaluation of cable insulation aging and performance capability. We investigate the effect of the low-dose and high-dose radiation aging on the formation of free radicals in the polymer matrix that are both unprotected and protected by antioxidants. The stability of radicals after aging is a determinant of macroscopic processes and structural changes during aging. Under the conditions of the higher dose rate, the peroxy radical buildup is lower per dose. Peroxy radical buildup is followed by decay during aging, in accordance with POOH content. Our results allow the prediction of the capability of the antioxidant to protect the XLPE material in the function of dose and time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Miao, Zong Cheng, Fang Wang, Deng Deng, Lei Wang, and Zhong Jin Li. "Effect of Different Clay of Attapulgite and Montmorillonite on the Superabsorbent Based on XG-g-PAA." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1085.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to research the better water absorption characteristic of superabsorbent polymer based on acrylic acid grafted with xanthan gum (XG), the different clay of montmorillonite (MMT) and attapulgite (AC) was used to mix with the material respectively. By introducing montmorillonite or attapulgite to the superabsorbent polymer, the maximum water absorbency was enhanced obviously. The two kinds of superabsorbent polymers of XG-g-PAA / MMT and XG-g-PAA / AC were synthesized by free-radical graft polymerization in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator and methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, and then organic montmorillonite or organic attapulgite was introduced as filler into superabsorbent. The characterization of the polymer was confirmed by FTIR. Then the influence of attapulgite and montmorillonite to the superabsorbent were systematically optimized to achieve a superabsorbent with swelling capacity as high as possible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Huo, Xiao Ping, Fang Wang, Deng Deng, and Lei Wang. "Effects of Montmorillonite and Acrylic Acid on the Superabsorbent Polymer Based on Xanthan." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.200.

Full text

Abstract:

Superabsorbent polymers, which have been used for many applicaions, are an important class of polymers. Superabsorbent polymer based on organic montmorillonite (MMT) and xanthan gum(XG) were prepared by by free-radical graft polymerization of aceylic acid on XG in aqueous solution as a free radical initiator, and then organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced as filler into superabsorbent. The effects of montmorillonite and xanthan on the swelling behaviour of the superabsorbent polymer had been studied in detail. Under the optimal synthesis condition, where the temperature was 65°C, the ratio between the AA monomers and XG was m (XG) : m(AA) = 4 : 1, the weight rate of the initiator and the cross-linker were 1.2% and 0.07%, and the neutralization degree of AA was 70%, the product attained the best water absorbency of 882 g/g in distilled water and 107 g/g in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Davydov, Evgeny, Irina Gaponova, Georgy Pariiskii, Tatyana Pokholok, and Gennady Zaikov. "Reactivity of Polymers on Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2010): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.04.281.

Full text

Abstract:

The mechanism of reactions of nitrogen dioxide with polymers of different classes is considered. In reactions with carbon-chain polymers at 298 K, nitrogen dioxide can only add to extrinsic double bonds that are formed in the synthesis of the polymers. The mechanism of reactions of nitrogen dioxide with polymers of different classes is considered. In reactions with carbon-chain polymers at 298 K, nitrogen dioxide can only add to extrinsic double bonds that are formed in the synthesis of the polymers. These reactions resulted in dinitro compounds and nitro nitrites. At elevated temperatures, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups are formed in these polymers along with nitration products. Active participants of NO2 reactions with rubbers are double bonds converting into nitroalkyl and alkyl radicals initiating then free radical conversions of these polymers. Polymers containing amide, urethane and imide groups are rather sensitive to NO2. These materials undergo essential changes in the chemical structure with formation of stable nitrogen-containing radicals. The reactions of nitrogen dioxide provide a simple method of the spin-labeled polymer preparation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Stenzel, M. H. "Formation of Regular Honeycomb-Patterned Porous Film by Self-Organization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 4 (2002): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02056.

Full text

Abstract:

Regular honeycomb-structured porous films can be prepared by the casting of a polymer solution under humid conditions. The origin of these pores is `empty' water droplets, which condense from the humid atmosphere onto the solution. The water droplets self-organize into a regular array and serve as a highly regular template for the precipitating polymer. The pore size can be controlled by the casting conditions as well as by the polymer used. A spherical-shaped polymer is required to support a high regularity. These specially designed polymers can easily be prepared by controlled radical polymerization techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Kim, Ho Joong, Kuluni Perera, Zihao Liang, Brennen Bowen, Jianguo Mei, and Bryan W. Boudouris. "Radical Polymer-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors." ACS Macro Letters 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00695.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Paterson, Alistair, and Knut Lundquist. "Polymer biochemistry: Radical breakdown of lignin." Nature 316, no. 6029 (August 1985): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316575a0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

HIRANO, Tomohiro, and Tsuneyuki SATO. "Branched Polymer Synthesis via Radical Polymerization." Kobunshi 56, no. 5 (2007): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.56.348.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Mylvaganam, Kausala, and Liang Chi Zhang. "A Cross-Scale Characterization of Interface Properties between Carbon Nanotubes and Polymer Matrix." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.217.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discusses the methods of promoting covalent bonds between polymer and carbon nanotubes to make high performance composites. Such methods involve attachment of chemical moieties (i.e. functional groups) to the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes, introduction of mechanical deformation on nanotubes, or generation of radicals on the polymer chains using free radical generators. The implementation of the latter method is demonstrated at both quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Budacu, Cristian Constantin, Magda-Ecaterina Antohe, Victor Costan, Gheorghe Raftu, Gabriela Gurau, Liliana Lacramioara Pavel, and Victorita Stefanescu. "The Improvement of Polymer Structure Related to Radical Treatment of Alveolar Abcesses." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.1.5342.

Full text

Abstract:

Painful periapical manifestations are inflammatory responses of periapical connective tissue to pulpal irritants, when the exudative forces become hyperactive. From the point of view of tooth preservation, apical resection is a valuable procedure in avoiding early edentation, as it is a factual surgical method that comes to aid the conservative endodontic therapy. Polymers are chemical compounds (in most cases organic) with large molecules (macromolecules) obtained from the union of a molecular chain (catena) of a large number of monomers usually with identical structural units. In our research we evaluated the resistance to traction 9 test specimens for which the structure was aimed at the improvement of the self-polymerizable acrylic structure by adding sodium maleate co-polymers, namely maleic anhydride, whose structure was linked to the anti-microbial substances, of the thymol type with controlled release, versions with greater resistance, they found clinical applicability on 244 cases. An increased resistance to fracture was registered for the test specimens II, which unites polymer powder together with the sodium maleate co-polymer, in a ratio of 3 to 1 (F = 1030 and max = 37.73), test specimen III, which unites polymer powder together with the co- anhydride maleic polymer, in a ratio of 3 to 1 (F = 950 and max = 37.88), followed by the same combinations to which it was added the care antibacterial substance, thymol. An important role in the long term in the success of the apical resection, in addition to the applied surgical technique, accrues to the retrograde obturation material, which insures an optimal healing at the peri-apical level insuring the bony apposition at this level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Petersen, Richard C. "Free-Radical Polymer Science Structural Cancer Model: A Review." Scientifica 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/143589.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymer free-radical lipid alkene chain-growth biological models particularly for hypoxic cellular mitochondrial metabolic waste can be used to better understand abnormal cancer cell morphology and invasive metastasis. Without oxygen as the final electron acceptor for mitochondrial energy synthesis, protons cannot combine to form water and instead mitochondria produce free radicals and acid during hypoxia. Nonuniform bond-length shrinkage of membranes related to erratic free-radical covalent crosslinking can explain cancer-cell pleomorphism with epithelial-mesenchymal transition for irregular membrane borders that “ruffle” and warp over stiff underlying actin fibers. Further, mitochondrial hypoxic conditions produce acid that can cause molecular degradation. Subsequent low pH-activated enzymes then provide paths for invasive cell movement through tissue and eventually blood-born metastasis. Although free-radical crosslinking creates irregularly shaped membranes with structural actin-polymerized fiber extensions as filopodia and lamellipodia, due to rapid cell division the overall cell modulus (approximately stiffness) is lower than normal cells. When combined with low pH-activated enzymes and lower modulus cells, smaller cancer stem cells subsequently have a large advantage to follow molecular destructive pathways and leave the central tumor. In addition, forward structural spike-like lamellipodia protrusions can leverage to force lower-modulus cancer cells through narrow openings. By squeezing and deforming even smaller to allow for easier movement through difficult passageways, cancer cells can travel into adjacent tissues or possibly metastasize through the blood to new tissue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Liu, Xiao Bing, and Fei Yan Gong. "Mechanorphore-Based Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) Synthesized by Atom Transfer Living Radical Polymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.249.

Full text

Abstract:

Mechanorphore-based Poly (glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in bulk by using spiropyran-based initiator, CuCl in combination with N,N,N’,N’’,N’’-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst. The resultant polymer was characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The relative molecular mass of PGMA can be changed by polymerization time. The resultant polymers have controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. The present synthetic strategy provides a convenient and efficient method to synthesize mechanophore-linked PGMA which can be ulteriorly crosslinked to form thermosetting polymer networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ballard, Nicholas, Antonio Veloso, and José Asua. "Mid-Chain Radical Migration in the Radical Polymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate." Polymers 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070765.

Full text

Abstract:

The occurrence of intramolecular transfer to polymer in the radical polymerization of acrylic monomers has been extensively documented in the literature. Whilst it has been largely assumed that intramolecular transfer to polymer leads to short chain branches, there has been some speculation over whether the mid-chain radical can migrate. Herein, by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) of poly(n-butyl acrylate) synthesized by solution polymerization under a range of conditions, it is shown that this mid-chain radical migration does occur in the radical polymerization of acrylates conducted at high temperatures, as is evident from the shape of the molecular weight distribution. Using a mathematical model, an initial approximation of the rate at which migration occurs is made and the distribution of branching lengths formed in this scenario is explored. It is shown that the polymerizations carried out under a low monomer concentration and at high temperatures are particularly prone to radical migration reactions, which may affect the rheological properties of the polymer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Koo, Sandy P. S., Milan M. Stamenović, R. Arun Prasath, Andrew J. Inglis, Filip E. Du Prez, Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Wim Van Camp, and Thomas Junkers. "Limitations of radical thiol-ene reactions for polymer-polymer conjugation." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, no. 8 (March 8, 2010): 1699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23933.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Yusof, Noor Fadilah, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah. "The effect of RAFT polymerization on the physical properties of thiamphenicol-imprinted polymer." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703050.

Full text

Abstract:

The necessity to overcome limitation of conventional free radical polymerization, technology has shifted the way to find an effective method for polymer synthesis, called controlled radical polymerization (CRP). One of the most studied controlled radical system is reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The method relies on efficient chain-transfer processes which are mediated typically by thiocarbonyl-containing RAFT agents e.g., dithioesters. The presented study revealed the potential benefit in applying RAFT polymerization towards the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer for thiamphenicol. They were synthesized in monolithic form using methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile and acetonitrile as a functional monomer, cross-linker, initiator and porogen, respectively. The surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural characterization by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and pore structures of polymers produced were characterized by nitrogen sorption porosimetry. SEM analysis showed MIPs produced by RAFT have smoother surface while porosity analysis showed the specific surface area was slightly larger compared to conventional polymerization methods. However FTIR showed the same pattern of spectra produced due to the same co-monomers used in the production. The results upon the uses of RAFT polymerization enables the production of imprinted polymers enhanced the physical properties compared to conventional polymerization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Satoh, Kotaro, and Masami Kamigaito. "Sequence-Controlled Vinyl Polymers by Transition Metal-Catalyzed Step-Growth and Living Radical Polymerizations." MRS Proceedings 1613 (2014): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.153.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe metal-catalyzed step-growth radical polymerization was achieved to enable two systems for preparing tailored polymeric structures, i.e., sequence-regulated vinyl copolymer and periodically-functionalized polymer. The former is a novel strategy for preparing sequence-regulated vinyl copolymers by step-polymerization of sequence-regulated vinyl oligomers prepared from common vinyl monomers as building blocks. The later deals the simultaneous chain- and step-growth radical polymerization, which resulted in the polymers with periodic functional groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Singh, Divya, B. Bhattacharya, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Conductivity Modulation in Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites due to Ion-Beam Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 110–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.110.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymers are a class of materials widely used in different fields of applications. With imminent applications of polymers, the study of radiation induced changes in polymers has become an obvious scientific demand. The bombardment by ion beam radiations has become one of the most promising techniques in present day polymer research. When the polymers are irradiated, a variety of physical and chemical changes takes place due to energy deposition of the radiation in the polymer matrix. Scissoring, cross-linking, recombination, radical decomposition, etc. are some of the interesting changes that are obvious in polymers. The modification in polymer properties by irradiation depends mainly on the nature of radiation and the type of polymer used.Polymer electrolytes are obtained by modifying polymers by doping, complexing, or other chemical processes. In general, they suffer from low conductivity due to high crystallinity of the matrix. The effect of radiation on polymer electrolyte is expected to alter their crystalline nature vis-a-vis electrical properties. This review article shall elaborate modifications in the physical and chemical properties of polymer electrolytes and their composites. The variations in properties have been explored on PEO based polymer electrolyte and correlated with the parameters responsible for such changes. Also a comparison with different types of the polymers irradiated with a wide range of ion beams has been established.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Su, Po-Hua, Jakob Asenbauer, Marcel Baumert, Victoria Le, Dominik Voll, Max Hansmann, Patrick Theato, and Dominic Bresser. "Tailored Electrolytes for New Redox-Active Polymers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022122mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

Radical polymers are gaining increasing interest as active materials for batteries owing to their great potential for fast charging, and the fact that no critical elements are involved. PTMA [poly(2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate)] is one of the best-investigated radical polymers for lithium batteries, providing high redox activity, fast kinetics and great reversibility during cycling.1 However, the electrochemically active nitroxyl radicals are embedded in a six-membered ring with four methyl groups attached to stabilize the radical, which limits its theoretical capacity due to the rather high molecular weight of the overall functional moiety. To increase the theoretical capacity, a decrease of the “unnecessary” mass is therefore desirable. Smaller redox-active molecules, however, commonly show a high solubility in liquid electrolytes, which prevents stable long-term cycling. Herein, we present a new redox-active polymer based on low molecular weight amides, for which the solubility issue has been overcome by proper design. We show that the electrolyte composition (salt concentration and the choice of solvents as well as their ratio) plays a decisive role for (i) the redox behavior and kinetics (broad vs. sharp redox peaks and the redox peak separation), (ii) the eventual redox potential, which is greater than for PTMA, and (iii) the long-term stable cycling at high dis-/charge rates. As a result, the rational optimization of the electrolyte composition enables achieving excellent electrochemical performance, rendering this new class of polymers highly promising for high-performance rechargeable batteries. Finally, we unveil the underlying phenomena by means of complementary ex situ and in situ characterization techniques to provide an in-depth understanding and, thus, allow for the tailored design of suitable electrolyte compositions for this new class of redox-active polymers and, potentially, polymer electrode materials in general. (1) Kim, J.-K.; Kim, Y.; Park, S.; Ko, H.; Kim, Y. Encapsulation of Organic Active Materials in Carbon Nanotubes for Application to High-Electrochemical-Performance Sodium Batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2016, 9 (4), 1264–1269. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE02806J.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kawauchi, Susumu, Akinori Akatsuka, Yoshihiro Hayashi, Hidemine Furuya, and Toshikazu Takata. "Determining the Q–e values of polymer radicals and monomers separately through the derivation of an intrinsic Q–e scheme for radical copolymerization." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 8 (2022): 1116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01190a.

Full text

Abstract:

To non-arbitrarily determine the Q–e values for individual polymer radicals and monomers, a new scheme, i.e., the intrinsic Q–e scheme, was derived by subjecting the two reference monomers to the generalized Q–e scheme including individual radical and monomer parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!