Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radical polymer

Academic literature on the topic 'Radical polymer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Radical polymer"

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Khudyakov, Igor, Peter Levin, and Aleksei Efremkin. "Cage Effect under Photolysis in Polymer Matrices." Coatings 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020111.

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Photoinduced elementary reactions of low-MW compounds in polymers is an area of active research. Cured organic polymer coatings often undergo photodegradation by free-radical paths. Besides practical importance, such studies teach how the polymer environment controls elementary free-radical reactions. Presented here is a review of recent literature which reports such studies by product analysis and by a time-resolve technique of photochemical reaction inside the cage of a polymer and in the bulk of a polymer. It was established that application of moderate external magnetic field allows the control of the kinetics of free radicals in elastomers. Preheating and stretching of elastomers affect reactivity of photoproduced radicals.
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Oh, Saet Byeol, Hye Lynn Kim, Jun Ho Chang, Yong-Won Lee, Jong Hun Han, Seong Soo A. An, Sang-Woo Joo, Hyung-Kook Kim, Insung S. Choi, and Hyun-jong Paik. "Facile Covalent Attachment of Well-Defined Poly(t-butyl acrylate) on Carbon Nanotubes via Radical Addition Reaction." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic15.

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We developed a new method to covalently attach well-defined polymers onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a radical reaction. Well-defined poly(t-butyl acrylate) [p(tBA)] was first prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which formed radicals at the end of the polymer chain through an atom transfer. The generated radicals at the chain ends added CNTs to generate covalently functionalized p(tBA)-grafted CNTs. The polymer-attached CNTs showed much improved solubility in organic solvents. The synthesized MWNT-g-p(tBA) and SWNT-g-p(tBA) were characterized by IR, TGA and Raman spectroscopy, clearly indicating the formation of covalent bonding between p(tBA) and CNTs.
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Kuzuya, Masayuki, Shin-ichi Kondo, and Yasushi Sasai. "Addendum - Recent advances in plasma techniques for biomedical and drug engineering." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577040667.

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Plasma-induced surface radicals formed on a variety of organic polymers have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR), making it possible to provide a sound basis for future experimental design of polymer surface processing (i.e., plasma treatment). On the basis of the findings from such studies on the nature of radical formation and radical reactivity, several novel bioapplications in the field of biomedical and drug engineering have been developed. Applications derived from the nature of plasma-induced surface radical formation include the preparation of a reservoir-type drug delivery system (DDS) of sustained and delayed release, and a floating drug delivery system (FDDS) possessing gastric retention capabilities, the combined findings leading to preparation of a novel “patient-tailored DDS” administered under consideration of the fact that the environment (pH and transit time, etc.) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract varies with each patient. Applications derived from the reactivity of plasma-induced surface radicals include the preparation of composite powders applicable to a matrix-type DDS by making a mechanical application to the surface radical-containing polymer powders with drug powders, plasma-assisted immobilization of oligo-nucleotides (DNA) onto polymer surfaces applicable to constructing a DNA diagnosis system, and basic study of plasma-assisted preparation of a novel functionalized chemo-embolic agent of non-crosslinked hydrogel, vinyl alcohol-sodium acrylate copolymer (PVA-PAANa).
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Yuan, Chao, Ping Liu, Long Hua Chen, and Yuan Zhang. "Radical Polymerization of a Novel Methacrylamide Derivative." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.359.

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The radical polymerization of a novel methacrylamide derivative, N-[o-(4-ethyl-4, 5-dihydro-1, 3-oxazol-2-yl) phenyl] methacrylamide ((S)-EtOPMAM), was carried out to obtained optically active polymers. The polymer yield and the chiroptical behavior of the resultant polymers have been examined in detail by using IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies in comparison with our previous observation. The polymers showed relatively high molecular weights (Mn=8000-16000) and largest specific rotations ([α]25D =+120.6o). Particularly, the largest specific optical rotation of the polymer is almost the six times of the monomer.
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Riazi, Hossein, Ahmad Arabi Shamsabadi, Michael Grady, Andrew Rappe, and Masoud Soroush. "Method of Moments Applied to Most-Likely High-Temperature Free-Radical Polymerization Reactions." Processes 7, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7100656.

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Many widely-used polymers are made via free-radical polymerization. Mathematical models of polymerization reactors have many applications such as reactor design, operation, and intensification. The method of moments has been utilized extensively for many decades to derive rate equations needed to predict polymer bulk properties. In this article, for a comprehensive list consisting of more than 40 different reactions that are most likely to occur in high-temperature free-radical homopolymerization, moment rate equations are derived methodically. Three types of radicals—secondary radicals, tertiary radicals formed through backbiting reactions, and tertiary radicals produced by intermolecular chain transfer to polymer reactions—are accounted for. The former tertiary radicals generate short-chain branches, while the latter ones produce long-chain branches. In addition, two types of dead polymer chains, saturated and unsaturated, are considered. Using a step-by-step approach based on the method of moments, this article guides the reader to determine the contributions of each reaction to the production or consumption of each species as well as to the zeroth, first and second moments of chain-length distributions of live and dead polymer chains, in order to derive the overall rate equation for each species, and to derive the rate equations for the leading moments of different chain-length distributions. The closure problems that arise are addressed by assuming chain-length distribution models. As a case study, β-scission and backbiting rate coefficients of methyl acrylate are estimated using the model, and the model is then applied to batch spontaneous thermal polymerization to predict polymer average molecular weights and monomer conversion. These predictions are compared with experimental measurements.
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Hansen-Felby, Magnus, Steen U. Pedersen, and Kim Daasbjerg. "Electrocatalytic Depolymerization of Self-Immolative Poly(Dithiothreitol) Derivatives." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196292.

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We report the use of electrogenerated anthraquinone radical anion (AQ•−) to trigger fast catalytic depolymerization of polymers derived from poly(dithiothreitol) (pDTT)—a self-immolative polymer (SIP) with a backbone of dithiothreitols connected with disulfide bonds and end-capped via disulfide bonds to pyridyl groups. The pDTT derivatives studied include polymers with simple thiohexyl end-caps or modified with AQ or methyl groups by Steglich esterification. All polymers were shown to be depolymerized using catalytic amounts of electrons delivered by AQ•−. For pDTT, as little as 0.2 electrons per polymer chain was needed to achieve complete depolymerization. We hypothesize that the reaction proceeds with AQ•− as an electron carrier (either molecularly or as a pendant group), which transfers an electron to a disulfide bond in the polymer in a dissociative manner, generating a thiyl radical and a thiolate. The rapid and catalytic depolymerization is driven by thiyl radicals attacking other disulfide bonds internally or between pDTT chains in a chain reaction. Electrochemical triggering works as a general method for initiating depolymerization of pDTT derivatives and may likely also be used for depolymerization of other disulfide polymers.
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Vaia, Richard A., and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Polymer Nanocomposites: Status and Opportunities." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2001): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.93.

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Reinforcement of polymers with a second phase, whether inorganic or organic, to produce a polymer composite is common in the production of modern plastics. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a radical alternative to these conventional polymer composites.
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Nishide, Hiroyuki, Kenichiroh Koshika, and Kenichi Oyaizu. "Environmentally benign batteries based on organic radical polymers." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 11 (October 15, 2009): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-12-03.

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A radical polymer is an aliphatic organic polymer bearing densely populated unpaired electrons in the pendant robust radical groups per repeating unit. These radicals’ unpaired electrons are characterized by very fast electron-transfer reactivity, allowing reversible charging as the electrode-active materials for secondary batteries. Organic-based radical batteries have several advantages over conventional batteries, such as increased safety, adaptability to wet fabrication processes, easy disposability, and capability of fabrication from less-limited resources, which are described along the fashion of green chemistry.
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Zhang, Kai, Yuan Xie, Benjamin B. Noble, Michael J. Monteiro, Jodie L. Lutkenhaus, Kenichi Oyaizu, and Zhongfan Jia. "Unravelling kinetic and mass transport effects on two-electron storage in radical polymer batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 22 (2021): 13071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta03449a.

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Electron transfer and mass transport kinetics between two redox couples in nitroxide radical polymers was investigated. Such impact on two-electron storage in radical polymer batteries was exemplified by two macromolecular structures.
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Li, Cheng-Han, and Daniel P. Tabor. "Discovery of lead low-potential radical candidates for organic radical polymer batteries with machine-learning-assisted virtual screening." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 15 (2022): 8273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta00743f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radical polymer"

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Zhang, Zeyang. "INTERFACIAL FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF MALEIC AND 1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDIMETHYANOL DIVINYL ETHER." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468681937.

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Ali, Mir Mukkaram Stöver Harald D. H. "Polymer capsules by living radical polymerization /." *McMaster only, 2004.

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Wang, Zewei. "Functionalization of Hyperbranched Polyacrylates by Radical Quenching." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1399542729.

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Euapermkiati, Anucha. "Free radical telomerisation reactions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278895.

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Shooter, Andrew James. "Living free radical polymerisation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263817.

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Staisch, Ingrid. "Atom transfer radical polymerisation of unusual monomers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49751.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Controlled free radical polymerisation techniques offer several practical and theoretical advantages compared to many other polymerisation techniques. Living polymerisation techniques such as anionic polymerisations require the total exclusion of impurities such as oxygen and moisture. Controlled free radical polymerisations, however, do not require such stringent methods of practice. This is very advantageous for industrial purposes. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) is a form of a controlled/living free radical polymerisation technique by which one is able to synthesize controlled architectural structures and predetermine the molecular weights of macromolecules. The monomers that were investigated for this research project include methyl methacrylate (MMA), 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA). The latter two monomers (4VP and LMA) are not commonly used in ATRP-mediated reactions. The synthesis of block copolymers ofMMA and LMA were attempted. The homopolymerisation of 4VP did not give the control expected when polymerising by means of ATRP. This prompted an investigation into possible side reactions that could take place with 4VP in this specific ATRP system. This included possible quatemization of 4VP with the alkyl halide initiator species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beheerde vrye-radikaalpolimerisasietegnieke bied verskeie praktiese en teoretiese voordele bo verskeie ander vrye-radikaalpolimerisasietegnieke. Lewende polimerisasietegnieke soos anioniese polimerisasie, vereis die totale uitsluiting van onsuiwerhede soos suurstof en water. Beheerde vrye-radikaalpolimerisasies vereis egter nie sulke streng reaksiekondisies nie. Hierdie is baie voordelig vir industriële doeleindes. Atoomoordragradikaalpolimerisasie (ATRP) is 'n tipe beheerde/lewende vryeradikaalpolimerisasietegniek wat dit moontlik maak om die samestelling en struktuur van makromolekules asook die molekulêre massa presies te beheer. In hierdie studie is die monomere metielmetakrilaat (MMA), 4-vinielpiridien (4VP) en laurielmetakrilaat (LMA) bestudeer. Laasgenoemde twee monomere (4VP en LMA) word beskou as ongewone monomere om in ATRP-sisteme te gebruik. Daar is gepoog om blok kopolimere van MMA en LMA te sintetiseer. Die homopolimerisasie van 4VP het minder beheer gelewer as wat by beheerde vrye-radikaal sisteme soos hierdie verwag word. Na aanleiding van hierdie resultate is 'n ondersoek geloods om die moontlike newereaksies van 4VP in hierdie spesifieke ATRP-sisteem te ondersoek. Daar is gepoog om te bewys dat die alkielchloriedinisieerder verdwyn deur kwatemisasie met 4VP.
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Ren, Wendong. "Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1619122320374689.

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Heredia, Karina Lynn. "Synthesis of polymer bioconjugates using controlled radical polymerization." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1583873071&sid=37&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Carlmark, Anna. "Atom transfer radical polymerization from multifunctional substrates." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Polymer Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1447.

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has proven to be a powerful technique to obtain polymers with narrow polydispersities and controlled molecular weight. It also offers control over chain-ends. The technique is the most studied and utilized of thecontrolled/”living” radical polymerization techniques since a large number of monomerscan be polymerized under simple conditions. ATRP can be used to obtain polymer graftsfrom multifunctional substrates. The substrates can be either soluble (i. e. based ondendritic molecules) or insoluble (such as gold or silicon surfaces). The large number ofgrowing chains from the multifunctional substrates increases the probability of inter-and intramolecular reactions. In order to control these kinds of polymerizing systems, andsuppress side-reactions such as termination, the concentration of propagating radicalsmust be kept low. To elaborate such a system a soluble multifunctional substrate, based on 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane, was synthesized. It was used as a macroinitiatorfor the atom transfer radical polymerisation of methyl acrylate (MA) mediated byCu(I)Br and tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine (Me6-TREN) in ethyl acetate at room temperature. This yielded a co-polymer with a dendritic-linear architecture. Since mostsolid substrates are sensitive to the temperatures at which most ATRP polymerisations are performed, lowering the polymerization temperatures are preferred. ATRP at ambienttemperature is always more desirable since it also suppresses the formation of thermally formed polymer. The macroinitiator contained approximately 25 initiating sites, which well mimicked the conditions on a solid substrate. The polymers had low polydispersity and conversions as high as 65% were reached without loss of control. The solid substrateof choice was cellulose fibers that prior to this study not had been grafted through ATRP.As cellulose fibers a filter paper, Whatman 1, was used due to its high cellulose content.The hydroxyl groups on the surface was first reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromidefollowed by grafting of MA. Essentially the same reaction conditions were used that hadbeen elaborated from the soluble substrate. The grafting yielded fibers that were very hydrophobic (contact angles>100°). By altering the sacrificial initiator-to-monomer ratiothe amount of polymer that was attached to the surface could be tailor. PMA with degreesof polymerization (DP’s) of 100, 200 and 300 were aimed. In order to control that thepolymerizations from the surface was indeed “living” a second layer of a hydrophilicmonomer, 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA), was grafted onto the surface. Thisdramatically changed the hydrophobic behavior of the fibers.


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Ogura, Yusuke. "Tandem Transesterification in Polymer Synthesis： Gradient and Pinpoint‐Functionalized Polymers." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225629.

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Books on the topic "Radical polymer"

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Mukherjee, Sanjoy, and Bryan W. Boudouris. Organic Radical Polymers. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58574-1.

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1952-, Yagci Yusuf, ed. Handbook of radical vinyl polymerization. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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Eason, Michael Douglas. Water-soluble polymers from controlled free-radical polymerisation. [s.l.]: typescript, 2000.

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Korolev, G. V. Three-Dimensional Free-Radical Polymerization: Cross-Linked and Hyper-Branched Polymers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009.

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Caneba, Gerard. Emulsion-based Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Prof, Renaud Philippe, and Sibi Mukund P, eds. Radicals in organic synthesis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization (FRRPP): Novel Concepts, Processes, Materials, and Energy Aspects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Davis, Fred J., ed. Polymer Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503095.001.0001.

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Polymer Chemistry: A Practical Approach in Chemistry has been designed for both chemists working in and new to the area of polymer synthesis. It contains detailed instructions for preparation of a wide-range of polymers by a wide variety of different techniques, and describes how this synthetic methodology can be applied to the development of new materials. It includes details of well-established techniques, e.g. chain-growth or step-growth processes together with more up-to-date examples using methods such as atom-transfer radical polymerization. Less well-known procedures are also included, e.g. electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers with highly ordered structures. Other topics covered include general polymerization methodology, controlled/"living" polymerization methods, the formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization, the synthesis of conducting polymers based on heterocyclic compounds, dendrimers, the preparation of imprinted polymers and liquid crystalline polymers. The main bulk of the text is preceded by an introductory chapter detailing some of the techniques available to the scientist for the characterization of polymers, both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their properties as materials. The book is intended not only for the specialist in polymer chemistry, but also for the organic chemist with little experience who requires a practical introduction to the field.
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Reynolds, John R., J. Hernandes-Barajas, D. Hunkeler, and J. L. Reddinger. Radical Polymerization Polyelectrolytes (Advances in Polymer Science). Springer-Verlag Telos, 1999.

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BARBE, P. C. Catalytical And Radical Polymerization (Advances in Polymer Science). Springer, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radical polymer"

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Koltzenburg, Sebastian, Michael Maskos, and Oskar Nuyken. "Radical Polymerization." In Polymer Chemistry, 205–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6_9.

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Caneba, Gerard, and Yadunandan Dar. "Radical-Containing Polymer Emulsions." In Emulsion-based Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization, 109–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19872-4_10.

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Pyun, Jeffrey, Tomasz Kowalewski, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Polymer Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." In Polymer Brushes, 51–68. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603824.ch2.

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Schmeling, Hans-Henning Kausch-Blecken. "Phenomenology of Free Radical Formation and of Relevant Radical Reactions (Dependence on Strain, Time, and Sample Treatment)." In Polymer Fracture, 165–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69628-2_7.

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Ryan, Matthew D., Ryan M. Pearson, and Garret M. Miyake. "Chapter 13. Organocatalyzed Controlled Radical Polymerizations." In Polymer Chemistry Series, 584–606. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788015738-00584.

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Fang, Liangjing, Guang Han, and Huiqi Zhang. "Microwave-Assisted Free Radical Polymerizations." In Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis, 87–129. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2013_276.

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Reynaud, Stéphanie, and Bruno Grassl. "Microwave-Assisted Controlled Radical Polymerization." In Microwave-assisted Polymer Synthesis, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2014_302.

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Ravve, A. "Free-Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization." In Principles of Polymer Chemistry, 35–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1283-1_2.

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Ravve, A. "Free-Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization." In Principles of Polymer Chemistry, 41–102. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4227-8_2.

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Ravve, A. "Free-Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization." In Principles of Polymer Chemistry, 69–150. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2212-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radical polymer"

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Xiao Hong Yin, K. Kobayashi, T. Kawai, M. Ozaki, K. Yoshino, and Qingquan Lei. "Electrical properties of polymer composites: conducting polymerpolyacene quinone radical polymer." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835422.

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Song, Hongwei, and Olusegun J. Ilegbusi. "Superoxide Radical Transport Through Nanoheterogeneous Biosensor Film." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43125.

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A mathematical model is developed to describe the transport phenomena and electrochemical reaction kinetics during amperometric measurement of superoxide radical concentration using ZnO-polymer nanocomposite sensor. This model assumes a logarithmic normal distribution for the nanoparticles immobilized in the polymer matrix and an empirical relation for the diffusion coefficient of superoxide radicals as a function of pore volume fraction. A kinetic with secondary order rate constant is used to represent the electrochemical reactions of electron transfer from the superoxide radicals to nanoparticles. The predicted results include the effect of diffusion coefficient on concentration and electrical conductivity.
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Kollár, Jozef, Štefan Chmela, Ľudmila Hrčková, and Pavol Hrdlovič. "Fluorescent dye-labelled polymer synthesis by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization." In 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4738438.

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Endo, M., and S. Tagawa. "Theoretical study of deprotonation of polymer radical cation for EUV resist." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Mark H. Somervell. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2010607.

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Caillol, Sylvain. "Plant oil based radically polymerizable monomers for sustainable polymers." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kypx2569.

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We have focuses our studies on the synthesis of novel biobased monomers designed for free radical polymerization which could increase the biomass carbon content pursuing to equal or improve the performance of existing polymers from non-renewable sources. Cardanol, which is a natural phenolic oil, is issued from Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL), a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from cashew industry in large commercial volumes (1Mt p.a.). Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable for the addition of aromatic renewable resources in polymers and materials. We recently reported various routes for the synthesis of di- and poly-functional building blocks derived from cardanol thereafter used in polymer syntheses. We especially synthesized a new radically polymerizable cardanol-derived monomer. Hence, we synthesized cardanol-based aromatic latex by radical aqueous emulsion (and miniemulsion) polymerization. We also synthesized UV-reactive cardanol-derived latex for styrene-free coating applications. Vegetable oils and their fatty acids (FAs) derivatives have become the most promising alternative solution to design performant bio-based polymers. However, considering the poor reactivity of the internal unsaturation of FAs through radical process, most currently available synthesis of monomers reported in literature are limited to polycondensation. Therefore, the objective of our work was to synthesize monomers from fatty acids bearing reactive function through radical process and evaluate their resulting methacrylate polymers as viscosity modifiers in various oils such as mineral or vegetable oils.
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Nomura, Naoya, Kazumasa Okamoto, Hiroki Yamamoto, Takahiro Kozawa, Ryoko Fujiyoshi, and Kikuo Umegaki. "Dynamics of radical ions of fluorinated polymer for Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography." In Photomask Japan 2015, edited by Nobuyuki Yoshioka. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2193060.

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Wylde, Jonathan J. "The Challenges Associated with Reaction Products Left in Scale Inhibitor Species after Radical Polymerization." In SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169778-ms.

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Abstract The use of polymeric scale inhibitors has been ubiquitously accepted by the oil and gas industry for many years. There are many benefits to the use of this type of chemistry that include aspects such as high performance, scale species selectivity, enhanced brine compatibility, favorable environmental properties and high thermal stability. A very common way to manufacture polymeric scale inhibitors is via free radical polymerization. Here an initiator is used to propagate the generation of free radicals from a species, such as hydrogen peroxide. The initiator chemistry can be very varied and usually comprises different types of transition metal salts, hypophosphite or persulfate species. Different monomer units can be polymerized using different initiator and free radical species to yield the same polymer. However, subtle differences can result, including poly-dispersity, average molecular weight and different residual composition. The implications for the end user of the chemistry can be profound regarding performance differences in aspects such as detectability, compatibility, thermal stability and sometimes even scale inhibition and adsorption efficacy. A case study has been presented where a very commonly used sulfonated copolymer species from four different sources was evaluated in a whole host of compatibility and performance tests. The different routes used different combinations of hydrogen peroxide and transition metal initiator or persulfate/hypophosphite combinations as the free radical source. There were major differences seen in the compatibility of these products with different scale inhibitors and then in performance. The tests performed highlighted the differences that can occur between the different radical polymerization synthetic routes mentioned above. The conclusions show that there are many benefits to being able to control the manufacturing process of scale inhibitor species in order to ensure the full composition is understood and can be quantified. The benefits to owning the supply chain are highlighted and lead to not only better control of quality and cost but, more importantly, to the overall risk reduction for the end user in the end use application.
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STAAL, JEROEN, BARIS CAGLAR, and VÉRONIQUE MICHAUD. "RADICAL INDUCED CATIONIC FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION FOR RAPID OUT-OF-AUTOCLAVE PROCESSING OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36384.

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Radical induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) is considered as a promising method for processing of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). Optimization of the local heat flow is required to pave the way for its adaptation to an industrial processing method. In this work we present an overview on the role of the mold design on the frontal polymerization characteristics and resulting chemical properties. Mold properties were found of significant influence on the front characteristics. Highly insulating molds allowed for the highest front temperatures and velocities while consequent delayed cooling is suggested beneficial for the monomer conversion in neat polymer and FRP systems. An optimized mold configuration was subsequently used for FRP production, allowing for self-sustaining RICFP in FRPs with fiber volume fractions (Vfs) up to 45.8%. A processing window was moreover defined relating the Vf and required heat generation to the potential formation of a self-sustaining or supported front.
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Kobayashi, T., E. Hirai, H. Itoh, and T. Moriga. "Development of Production Technology for Membrane-Electrode Assemblies With Radical Capturing Layer." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54308.

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This paper describes the development of mass-production technology for membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) with a radical capturing layer and verifies its performance. Some of the authors of this paper previously developed an MEA with a radical capturing layer along the boundaries between the electrode catalyst layer and the polymer membrane to realize an endurance time of 20,000 h in accelerated daily start and daily stop (DSS) deterioration tests. Commercialization of these MEAs requires a production technology that suits mass production lines and provides reasonable cost performance. After developing a water-based slurry and selecting a gas diffusion layer (GDL), a catalyst layer forming technology uses a rotary screen method for electrode formation. Studies confirmed continuous formation of the catalyst layer, obtaining an anode/cathode thickness of 55 μm (+10/−20)/50 μm (+10/−20) by optimizing the opening ratio and thickness of the screen plate. A layer-forming technology developed for the radical capturing layer uses a two-fluid spraying method. Continuous formation of an 8-μm-thick (±3 μm) radical capturing layer proved feasible by determining the appropriate slurry viscosity, spray head selection, and optimization of spraying conditions.
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Dalle Vacche, Sara. "Biobased composites from renewable monomers and cellulosic reinforcements by photoinduced processes." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ingy4050.

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Polymeric materials are under tremendous pressure for improving their greenness: despite their important role in several essential aspects of human life, in public opinion they are mostly associated with single-use plastics pollution and use of fossil resources. Sustainable polymer-based materials may be prepared from biobased monomers and polymers, through photoinduced processes. Owing to low energy requirements, high reaction rates at room temperature, and low VOC emissions, photoinduced polymerization is recognized as a green technology. Among the biobased monomers explored in this field, those derived from cardanol (a natural phenolic lipid obtained from cashew nutshell liquid) and from unsaturated vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, are interesting for industrial applications, being commercially available.However, polymers obtained by photoinduced polymerization of biobased monomers often have low thermomechanical properties; biobased monomers are thus typically used as co-monomers to increase the biobased content of fossil-based polymers, in non-structural applications, such as coating or adhesives, or are added with reinforcements to obtain composite materials. The latter option is particularly interesting when natural fillers, such as cellulosic fibers, are used, thus obtaining fully biobased composites. In our group we exploited photoinduced reactions to produce composites from biobased monomers, using wood-based microfibrillated cellulose and nanocellulose from hemp waste fibers as reinforcements. Two routes were explored: (i) epoxidized and (meth)acrylated monomers derived from cardanol and from soybean oil, were polymerized by photoinduced radical or cationic chain growth reactions; (ii) copolymer latexes obtained from derivatives of eugenol and coumarin were crosslinked through a photocycloaddition reaction. In the latter case, the potential reversibility of the crosslinking was explored in view of recyclability. The photoinduced polymerization and crosslinking reactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies; high degrees of conversion were obtained. The thermal, mechanical, and functional properties of these composites make them interesting for e.g packaging applications.
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Reports on the topic "Radical polymer"

1

Lutkenhaus, Jodie. Diffusion and Kinetics in Organic Radical Polymers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1884273.

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Burkhart, R. D. Photophysical processes of triplet states and radical ions in pure and molecularly doped polymers. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564071.

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Boudouris, Bryan W. Molecular Design and Device Application of Radical Polymers for Improved Charge Extraction in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623539.

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Barnes, Eftihia, Jennifer Jefcoat, Erik Alberts, Hannah Peel, L. Mimum, J, Buchanan, Xin Guan, et al. Synthesis and characterization of biological nanomaterial/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42132.

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The properties of composite materials are strongly influenced by both the physical and chemical properties of their individual constituents, as well as the interactions between them. For nanocomposites, the incorporation of nano-sized dopants inside a host material matrix can lead to significant improvements in mechanical strength, toughness, thermal or electrical conductivity, etc. In this work, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils on the structure and mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films was investigated. Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic polymers with superior mechanical properties and readily functionalized surfaces. Under the current processing conditions, cellulose nanofibrils, as-received and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidized, alter the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the composite films while not inducing a crystalline phase transformation on the 𝛾 phase PVDF composites. Composite films obtained from hydrated cellulose nanofibrils remain in a majority 𝛾 phase, but also exhibit a small, yet detectable fraction of 𝛼 and ß PVDF phases.
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