Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radical pairs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Radical pairs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Radical pairs"

1

Woodward, J. R. "Radical Pairs in Solution." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 27, no. 3 (September 2002): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/007967402103165388.

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Radical pairs (RPs) are important reaction intermediates generated whenever two radicals encounter one another, a bond is cleaved homolytically or electron transfer between non-radical species takes place. The concept of a radical pair as a reaction intermediate is introduced and developed through simple pictorial analogies, indicating how RP behaviour is governed by interplay of spin and spatial motion. Such analogies are then extended to describe the experimental consequences of RPs in magnetic resonance and magnetochemistry experiments, including reference to the relevance of RPs in biological systems. Finally experimental techniques by which RPs can be observed directly are introduced and described in the context of the developed models.
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Angerhofer, Alexander, and Robert Bittl. "Radicals and Radical Pairs in Photosynthesis." Photochemistry and Photobiology 63, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02989.x.

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Godloza, L., N. J. Groenewald, and W. A. Olivier. "Near-Ring Radicals and Class Pairs." Algebra Colloquium 12, no. 01 (March 2005): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s100538670500009x.

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For near-ring ideal mappings ρ1 and ρ2, we investigate radical theoretical properties of and the relationship among the class pairs (ρ1: ρ2), [Formula: see text] and (ℛρ2: ℛρ1). Conditions on ρ1 and ρ2 are given for a general class pair to form a radical class of various types. These types include the Plotkin and KA-radical varieties. A number of examples are shown to motivate the suitability of the theory of Hoehnke-radicals over KA-radicals when radical pairs of near-rings are studied. In particular, it is shown that [Formula: see text] forms a KA-radical class, where [Formula: see text] denotes the class of completely prime near-rings and [Formula: see text] the class of 3-prime near-rings. This gives another near-ring generalization of the 2-primal ring concept. The theory of radical pairs are also used to show that in general the class of 3-semiprime near-rings is not the semisimple class of the 3-prime radical.
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Lubitz, Wolfgang, Friedhelm Lendzian, and Robert Bittl. "Radicals, Radical Pairs and Triplet States in Photosynthesis." Accounts of Chemical Research 35, no. 5 (May 2002): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar000084g.

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Lee, Alpha A., Jason C. S. Lau, Hannah J. Hogben, Till Biskup, Daniel R. Kattnig, and P. J. Hore. "Alternative radical pairs for cryptochrome-based magnetoreception." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 95 (June 6, 2014): 20131063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1063.

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There is growing evidence that the remarkable ability of animals, in particular birds, to sense the direction of the Earth's magnetic field relies on magnetically sensitive photochemical reactions of the protein cryptochrome. It is generally assumed that the magnetic field acts on the radical pair [FAD •− TrpH • + ] formed by the transfer of an electron from a group of three tryptophan residues to the photo-excited flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor within the protein. Here, we examine the suitability of an [FAD •− Z • ] radical pair as a compass magnetoreceptor, where Z • is a radical in which the electron spin has no hyperfine interactions with magnetic nuclei, such as hydrogen and nitrogen. Quantum spin dynamics simulations of the reactivity of [FAD •− Z • ] show that it is two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the direction of the geomagnetic field than is [FAD •− TrpH • + ] under the same conditions (50 µT magnetic field, 1 µs radical lifetime). The favourable magnetic properties of [FAD •− Z • ] arise from the asymmetric distribution of hyperfine interactions among the two radicals and the near-optimal magnetic properties of the flavin radical. We close by discussing the identity of Z • and possible routes for its formation as part of a spin-correlated radical pair with an FAD radical in cryptochrome.
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Yakunin, I. N., and V. L. Berdinskii. "The chemical zeno effect in exchange-coupled radical Pairs: 1. Triplet radical pairs." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 4, no. 2 (April 2010): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793110020053.

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Casal, H. L., D. Griller, F. W. Hartstock, R. Kolt, D. J. Northcott, J. M. Park, and D. D. M. Wayner. "Radical pairs in urea channels." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 9 (April 1987): 2235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100293a004.

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Bagryansky, Victor A., Vsevolod I. Borovkov, and Yuri N. Molin. "Quantum beats in radical pairs." Russian Chemical Reviews 76, no. 6 (June 30, 2007): 493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2007v076n06abeh003715.

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Merkley, Nadine, Paul C. Venneri, and John Warkentin. "Cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile with dialkoxycarbenes and free radical rearrangement of the cyclopropanes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-017.

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Thermolysis of 2-cinnamyloxy-2-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1a) and the analogous 2-benzyloxy-2-methoxy compound (1b) at 110°C, in benzene containing benzylidenemalononitrile, afforded products of apparent regiospecific addition of methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl (or benzyl) radicals to the double bond. When the thermolysis of 1a was run with added TEMPO, methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl radicals were captured. Thermolysis of the 2,2-dibenzyloxy analogue (1c) in the presence of benzylidenemalononitrile gave an adduct that is formally the product of addition of benzyloxycarbonyl and benzyl radicals to the double bond. In this case, a radical addition mechanism could be ruled out, because the rate constant for decarboxylation of benzyloxycarbonyl radicals is very large. A mechanism that fits all of the results is predominant cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile by the dialkoxycarbenes derived from the oxadiazolines, in competition with fragmentation of the carbenes to radical pairs. The cyclopropanes so formed then undergo homolytic ring-opening to the appropriate diradicals. Subsequent β-scission of the diradicals to afford radical pairs, and coupling of those pairs, gives the final products. Thus, both carbene and radical chemistry are involved in the overall processes.Key words: cyclopropane, dialkoxycarbene, β-scission, oxadiazoline, radical.
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Yakunin, I. N., and V. L. Berdinskii. "The chemical zeno effect in exchange-bounded radical pairs: 2. Singlet and random radical pairs." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 4, no. 3 (June 2010): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793110030048.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radical pairs"

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Shergill, Raminder. "Radicals and radical pairs in chemical and biological systems." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/11008.

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Magnetic fields of different strengths can be applied to chemical and biological systems to study processes involving radicals or radical pairs. This work uses two such techniques, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy (≥ 150 mT) in addition to time resolved EPR spectroscopy and time resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy (≤ 37 mT). The former are used to monitor metalloproteins, and the photochemistry of phosphorus oxides, while TRIR spectroscopy is used to record the magnetic field effects on the reaction kinetics of neutral radical pairs. The thesis begins with an introduction and an overview of the experimental techniques and developments. This is followed by an EPR study of the Fe(III) binding proteins, transferrin and lactoferrin and the effect thereon of catecholamine stress hormones. Catecholamines mediate bacterial growth by sequestering iron from the iron binding proteins. The mechanism of iron capture is unknown, however, the current work reveals Fe(III) binding by the catecholamine and supports subsequent reduction as the most likely route. Since catecholamines are also administered therapeutically, the validity of EPR as a diagnostic technique is examined and iron loss from human serum transferrin is observed. Also within this work, experiments are presented in which TRIR spectroscopy is used to investigate factors that affect the development of magnetic field effects for radical pairs in different solutions. This initially involves studies on acylphosphine oxides. In addition to the reported photoprocesses, alternative chemistry is uncovered, which occurs when bisacylphosphine oxide is in solutions where the solvent is sufficiently nucleophilic. The photochemistry is investigated using time resolved EPR and density functional theory calculations to suggest three possible structures that are responsible for the additional radicals observed. Furthermore, encapsulated organic radical pairs in reverse micelles are studied. These experiments, in combination with dynamic light scattering measurements provide insight into the magnitude of the observed magnetic field effects and the differing kinetics of the radical pair in the reverse micelles.
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Till, Ulrike. "Recombination kinetics of radical pairs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267949.

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Lewis, Alan. "Spin dynamics in radical pairs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:45f5b9a7-534d-4b4f-aca7-b87f57eb2840.

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The coherent spin dynamics of radical pairs play a crucial role in their reactions, which consequently cannot be described by a simple kinetic scheme. Instead, simulations of the spin dynamics are required in order to predict the rate and outcome of radical pair reactions, and especially their response to the application of a magnetic field. Unfortunately, the number of spin states of the radical pair increases exponentially with the number of nuclear spins, making deterministic quantum mechanical simulations of realistic radical pairs difficult. To overcome this difficulty, this thesis begins by presenting an efficient stochastic quantum mechanical method capable of describing a radical pair with as many as 20 nuclear spins, which we use to analyse spin-dependent charge recombination rates along molecular wires. This enables us to identify the mechanism of charge recombination of both the singlet and triplet states of the wire by determining their relative contributions to the overall recombination rate. We then derive an approximate semiclassical theory which allows to treat the spin dynamics of much larger radical pairs, since the time required for a semiclassical calculation scales linearly with the number of nuclear spins, rather than exponentially. Using this method, we reproduce the results of the first experiments to show that the outcome of a radical pair reaction may be in uenced by an Earthstrength magnetic field, and calculate the anisotropy in the singlet recombination yield of the radical pair thought to be responsible for avian magnetoreception. We show that our semiclassical theory reduces to the earlier Schulten-Wolynes theory under two additional approximations, and use this simpler theory to reveal that singlet-triplet dephasing plays an important role in the spin dynamics of polaron pairs in the semiconducting polymer layer of organic light emitting diodes. We derive a new expression which relates the magnetic field dependence of the electroluminescence and conductance observed in these materials to the singlet yield of the radical pair recombination reaction, which we confirm produces better agreement with experimental data than the relationships used previously.
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Qureshi, Tariq. "Spin chemistry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365292.

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Nattrass, Stephen R. "Optically detected magnetic resonance of radical pairs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cdddfd9c-1ec3-4661-801a-d80dad1a853d.

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Current theories of the effects of static and resonant high frequency magnetic fields on radical pair reaction are presented with a view to establishing how they can form the basis of the high time resolution liquid phase magnetic resonance techniques of MARY and RYDMR. Approximate calculations are performed to reveal RYDMR spectral details for the case of an initial triplet radical pair. The design of unique apparatus to explore the capabilities of the techniques, and routinely collect quantitative data to test theoretical predictions, is described. This includes the development of an ultra-fast waveform scan-digitizing facility which can attain effective sampling rates of up to 20 GHz. The apparatus is employed to provide the first demonstration of recombination exciplex fluorescence from pyrene - dicyanobenzene radical-ion pairs. It is also applied in the dimensional characterization of micellar and microemulsion media prior to their use in enhancing MARY and RYDMR signal intensities from solubilized radical pairs. By means of a laser induced radical fluorescence technique and compartmentalized reaction media, first observations are reported of optically detected RYDMR spectra from neutral radical pairs, the existence of very low field MARY spectral structure and the kinetic effect of a resonant microwave field. The MARY structure is attributed to Heisenberg exchange interaction and shown to be sensitive to microreactor volume.
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Hunter, David A. "Spin-correlated radical pairs in photosynthetic systems, micelles and liquids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253134.

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Hogben, Hannah J. "Coherent spin dynamics of radical pairs in weak magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:61c4ab7e-406f-4193-949a-b5a70f43e3e1.

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The outcome of chemical reactions proceeding via radical pair (RP) intermediates can be influenced by the magnitude and direction of applied magnetic fields, even for interaction strengths far smaller than the thermal energy. Sensitivity to Earth-strength magnetic fields has been suggested as a biophysical mechanism of animal magnetoreception and this thesis is concerned with simulations of the effects of such weak magnetic fields on RP reaction yields. State-space restriction techniques previously used in the simulation of NMR spectra are here applied to RPs. Methods for improving the efficiency of Liouville-space spin dynamics calculations are presented along with a procedure to form operators directly into a reduced state-space. These are implemented in the spin dynamics software Spinach. Entanglement is shown to be a crucial ingredient for the observation of a low field effect on RP reaction yields in some cases. It is also observed that many chemically plausible initial states possess an inherent directionality which may be a useful source of anisotropy in RP reactions. The nature of the radical species involved in magnetoreception is investigated theoretically. It has been shown that European Robins are disorientated by weak radio-frequency (RF) fields at the frequency corresponding to the Zeeman splitting of a free electron. The potential role of superoxide and dioxygen is investigated and the anisotropic reaction yield in the presence of a RF-field, without a static field, is calculated. Magnetic field effect data for Escherichia coli photolyase and Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome 1, both expected to be magnetically sensitive, are satisfactorily modelled only when singlet-triplet dephasing is included. With a view to increasing the reaction yield anisotropy of a RP magnetoreceptor, a brief study of the amplification of the magnetic field experienced by a RP from nearby magnetite particles is presented. Finally in a digression from RPs, Spinach is used to determine the states expected to be immune from relaxation and therefore long-lived in NMR experiments on multi-spin systems.
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Carpenter, Joanna Katharine Hicks. "Magnetic field effects on electron transfer reactions in photosynthetic bacteria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390466.

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Kleinman, Mark Howard. "The Dynamics of benzylic radical pairs in organized media : binding and mobility." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34272.pdf.

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Fursman, Catherine E. "Electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy of radical pairs in photosynthetic bacteria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ccaf0e5-3a45-4f13-a184-a4f1cf772c9b.

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Electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy is widely used to study the radical pairs created during the primary steps of photosynthesis. In this thesis the analysis of ESEEM spectra is improved, and some new applications and variations of this experiment suggested. Experimental spectra from species such as P+Q-A, the secondary radical pair formed in the reaction centre of the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, give information about the exchange and dipolar couplings between the radicals. The model used to analyse the data affects the results; this thesis suggests two improvements. First, the effect of anisotropic hyperfine couplings in the radicals is considered by the addition of a single spin-1/2 nucleus to the model. This approach suggests that previous models neglecting the effect of nuclei may have been slightly in error. Secondly, several model fittings are performed in the time domain. This approach avoids the Fourier transformation to the frequency domain so that experimental dead-time does not corrupt the data. An excellent fit to experimental data is found with a model containing one spin-1/2 nucleus on each radical. The hyperfine coupling parameters resulting from the fit are consistent with independent experimental results. Use is made of the method of Cramér-Rao lower bounds to assess the precision to which experimental parameters are determined from a time domain curve fitting. It is shown that the lower bounds may also be used to determine the optimum sampling strategy for the experiment. An example is given of the novel use of ESEEM to determine the distance between the radicals in the strongly coupled, uncorrelated radical pair Q-AQ-B ESEEM has not yet been used for this purpose, and the simulated spectra produced here indicate that the experiment could be used to evaluate the dipolar coupling and hence the inter-radical distance. This thesis considers the possibility of performing ESEEM at higher frequencies than are usually considered. Calculations show that the increased resolution of the g-tensors allow an experiment performed at the W-band frequency of 95 GHz to make a correlation between the relative orientations of the radicals and the dipolar axis, information which has previously been unavailable from a single experiment.
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Books on the topic "Radical pairs"

1

Lewis, Alan. Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0.

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Dreams & everyday life: André Breton, surrealism, the IWW, Rebel Worker Students for a Democratic society and the seven cities of Cibola in Chicago, Paris & London : a 1960s notebook. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr Pub. Co., 2008.

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Canfield, Jeffrey Michael. Approaching magnetic field effects in biology using the radical pair mechanism. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1998.

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Wu, Jie Qiang. Spin relaxation mechanisms controlling magnetic-field dependent radical pair recombination kinetics in nanoscopic reactors. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1993.

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Calvelli, Lorenzo, Giovannella Cresci Marrone, and Alfredo Buonopane. Altera pars laboris. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-374-8.

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La ricerca nel campo dell'epigrafia si arricchisce continuamente con la scoperta di documenti inediti e vive oggi un radicale rinnovamento grazie alle tecnologie digitali. Una componente fondamentale del «mestiere di epigrafista» è però costituita anche dalla ricostruzione filologica e dall'indagine delle figure che si cimentarono nella collazione dei testimoni delle iscrizioni antiche. Il volume comprende sedici saggi di studiosi italiani e francesi, dedicati all'esame della tradizione manoscritta e a stampa dell'epigrafia, che Theodor Mommsen definì la «parte più difficile» della disciplina. Dai tesori ancora nascosti in numerose biblioteche d'Europa emerge un quadro di grande ricchezza documentaria, che presagisce un enorme potenziale di sviluppo per la ricerca futura.
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European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism. Congress. Alcohol toxicity and free radical mechanisms: Proceedings of the First Congress of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA) : 18-19 September 1987, Paris, France. Edited by Nordmann R, Ribière C, and Rouach H. Oxford [England]: Pergamon Press, 1988.

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Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089648488.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities. Now also available as paperback!
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Gans, Evelien, and Remco Ensel, eds. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew'. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986084.

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This book is the first comprehensive study of postwar antisemitism in the Netherlands. It focuses on the way stereotypes are passed on from one decade to the next, as reflected in public debates, the mass media, protests and commemorations, and everyday interactions. The Holocaust, Israel and 'the Jew' explores the ways in which old stories and phrases relating to 'the stereotypical Jew' are recycled and modified for new uses, linking the antisemitism of the early postwar years to its enduring manifestations in today's world. The Dutch case is interesting because of the apparent contrast between the Netherlands' famous tradition of tolerance and the large numbers of Jews who were deported and murdered in the Second World War. The book sheds light on the dark side of this so-called 'Dutch paradox,' in manifestations of aversion and guilt after 1945. In this context, the abusive taunt 'They forgot to gas you' can be seen as the first radical expression of postwar antisemitism as well as an indication of how the Holocaust came to be turned against the Jews. The identification of 'the Jew' with the gas chamber spread from the streets to football stadiums, and from verbal abuse to pamphlet and protest. The slogan 'Hamas, Hamas all the Jews to the gas' indicates that Israel became a second marker of postwar antisemitism. The chapters cover themes including soccer-related antisemitism, Jewish responses, philosemitism, antisemitism in Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch- Turkish communities, contentious acts of remembrance, the neo-Nazi tradition, and the legacy of Theo van Gogh. The book concludes with a lengthy epilogue on 'the Jew' in the politics of the radical right, the attacks in Paris in 2015, and the refugee crisis. The stereotype of 'the Jew' appears to be transferable to other minorities.
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Muir, Thomas. The transportation, exile, and escape of Thomas Muir: A Scottish radical's account of Governor Hunter's New South Wales published at Paris in 1798. Melbourne: Boroondara Press, 1990.

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Lewis, Alan. Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs. Springer, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radical pairs"

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Warren, Timothy H., and Gerhard Erker. "Radical Frustrated Lewis Pairs." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 219–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2012_390.

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Lewis, Alan. "Introduction." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_1.

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Lewis, Alan. "Quantum Mechanics." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 19–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_2.

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Lewis, Alan. "Semiclassical Approximations." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 45–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_3.

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Lewis, Alan. "Molecular Wires." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 65–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_4.

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Lewis, Alan. "Avian Magnetoreception." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 83–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_5.

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Lewis, Alan. "Magnetoelectroluminescence." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 109–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_6.

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Lewis, Alan. "Conclusions and Further Work." In Spin Dynamics in Radical Pairs, 127–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00686-0_7.

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Evans, C., and J. C. Scaiano. "Micellar Aggregation and the Decay of Triplet Radical Pairs." In Organic Free Radicals, 51–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_26.

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Molin, Yu N. "ESR Spectroscopy of Short-Lived Radical Pairs in Solutions." In Organic Free Radicals, 131–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_65.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radical pairs"

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PINCOCK, J. A., S. RIFAI, and R. STEFANOVA. "INTRAMOLECULAR RADICAL ION PAIRS IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 2-ARYLETHYL ESTERS." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Symposium of the NSF Center. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793294_0003.

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Baiz, Carlos R., Robert McCanne, and Kevin J. Kubarych. "Structurally-Sensitive Rebinding Dynamics of Solvent-Caged Radical Pairs: Exploring the Viscosity Dependence." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2010.tue7.

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Najran, Pavan, and Jon Bell. "Radial Access Oncological Intervention: A Single-Center Experience." In PAIRS Annual Meeting. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730669.

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Ganti, Srujana, Damian Mullan, Jon Bell, and Pavan Najran. "Radial Access Intervention: Application in Complex Oncological Procedures." In PAIRS Annual Meeting. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730521.

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Ayman, Sohiel Mohamed, Mohamed Fakhry, and Mohamed Nagib. "Use of the Transbrachial Approach with Regular Radial Sheath as an Alternative Method in the Management of Aortoiliac Occlusive Arterial Diseases." In PAIRS Annual Meeting. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730710.

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Lucks, Marcio B., and Nobuo Oki. "Radial Basis Function circuits using folded cascode differential pairs." In 2010 53rd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2010.5548753.

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Schubring, DuWayne, Rory E. Foster, and Timothy A. Shedd. "Two-Zone PIV Analysis of Wavy and Wavy-Annular Two-Phase Flow." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48111.

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Cross-sectional thin film micro-particle image velocimetry (cTFMPIV) analysis has been performed for air-water two-phase flow in a 19.05 mm horizontal duct. Images were captured by introducing a light sheet from a Nd:YAG laser into the flow, with the fluorescent emissions from three micron particles captured by a CCD camera behind a microscope objective and red filter. These images were grouped into pairs and digitally enhanced to isolate particle traces using commercial image processing software. Image pairs were collected for five air flow rates at each of four water flow rates and separated into base film and wave zones for PIV analysis. Using DaVis 7.1 (LaVision GmbH), vector maps were obtained for each pair. Less than 2% of the image pairs were removed due to clearly spurious vectors, while the appropriate zone for less than 8% of the image pairs could not be determined These pairs were grouped into a third batch. The vector maps were analyzed to calculate velocity profiles and turbulence (fluctuation) statistics in terms of wall coordinates. These statistics included intensities and Reynolds stresses. The base film shows laminar behavior beyond what would be expected from the universal velocity profile. The wave zone displays significantly different behavior and appears to reach an asymptote rapidly. Calculation of fluctuation intensities indicates a maximum within the wave zone along the gas-liquid interface, while the distribution of radial fluctuations in the base film and axial turbulence in all zones is approximately uniform. Calculation of the u′v′ shear Reynolds stress suggests that it has a negative value.
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Simpson, Alister, Stephen W. T. Spence, and Juliana Early. "A Numerical and Experimental Study of the Rotor Inlet Flow Fields of Radial Turbines Using Vaned and Vaneless Stators." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59998.

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This paper describes experimental and numerical investigations of the flow fields delivered to the inlet of a radial turbine rotor by vaned and vaneless stators, and to what extent they influence the stage performance. The work focussed on the flow fields delivered to the inlet of an 86mm turbine by 3 pairs of vaned and vaneless housings, each pair having matching flow capacities. Static pressure measurements at rotor inlet were acquired, and from these the circumferential flow distributions at rotor inlet were directly compared. The experimental results were used to validate numerical models to study the rotor inlet flow fields in greater detail. Both numerical and experimental results highlighted the vaneless stators to deliver a higher level of uniformity at rotor inlet. The comparatively higher levels of non-uniformity in the vaned stator builds can be primarily attributed to jet and wake effects, as these were found not to have mixed out significantly at the rotor inlet and contributed both to the overall levels of pressure loss and higher variations of rotor inlet incidence. Comparisons have been made to previously reported turbine performance data, and the influence of the rotor inlet flow field on stage running performance has been discussed.
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Vehmanen, E., V. V. Khmelenko, E. P. Bernard, H. Kunttu, and D. M. Lee. "ESR Investigations of Spin-Pair Radicals in Nitrogen-Helium Solids." In LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS: 24th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics - LT24. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2354743.

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Bohn, Dieter, Jing Ren, and Christian Tuemmers. "Investigation of the Unstable Flow Structure in a Rotating Cavity." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90494.

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Annular cavities are found inside rotor shafts of turbomachines with an axial or radial throughflow of cooling air, which influences the thermal efficiency and system reliability of the gas turbines. The flow and heat transfer phenomena in those cavities should be investigated in order to minimize the thermal load and guarantee system reliability. An experimental rig is set up in the Institute of Steam and Gas Turbines to analyze the flow structure inside the rotating cavity with an axial throughflow of cooling air. The corresponding 3D numerical investigation is carried out with the in-house fluid solver CHTflow, in which the Coriolis force and the buoyancy force are implemented in the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. Both the experimental and numerical results show the whole flow structure rotating against the cavity rotating direction. The flow passing the observation windows shows the quite similar trajectories in the experimental and numerical results. The computed sequences and periods of the vortex flow structure correspond closely with those observed in the experiment. Furthermore, the numerical analysis reveals a flow pattern changing between single pair, double pairs and triple pairs vortices. It is suggested that the vortices inside the cavity are created by the gravitational buoyancy force in the investigated case, and the number and strength of the vortices are controlled mainly by the Coriolis force.
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Reports on the topic "Radical pairs"

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Wen, X., K. G. Spears, G. P. Wiederrecht, and M. R. Wasielewski. Electron transfer of carbonylmetalate radical pairs: femtosecond visible spectroscopy of optically excited ion pairs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/488804.

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Lahti, P. M., and D. A. Modarelli. Solid State Photochemical Generation of Triplet Phenoxy-Phenoxy Radical Pairs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada223690.

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Zhang, Yiteng, Sabre Kais, and Gennady Petrovich Berman. The Radical Pair Mechanism and the Avian Chemical Compass: Quantum Coherence and Entanglement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169159.

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