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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radiation'
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1
Christidis, Nikolaos. "Halocarbon radiative forcing in radiation and general circulation models." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312563.
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GALLETTA, VIVIAN C. "Desenvolvimento de modelo de indução de mucosite oral por radiação em hamsters. Prevenção e tratamento por laser de baixa potência." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11646.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia)
IPEN/D-MPLO
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo
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Noor, Azman Nurul Zahirah Binti. "Design of nanostructured polymeric materials for radiation shielding of ionizing radiations." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2338.
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This study seeks to provide a novel approach for producing technologically viable new radiation shielding materials to meet the safety requirements for use in medical X-ray imaging facilities. The approach was based on dispersing micro-sized and nano-sized heavy element fillers into polymeric materials using different filler dispersion methods such as melt-mixing, ion implantation and electrospinning. These materials have high potential application for shielding of X-rays in diagnostic radiology purposes.
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Xiang, Xuwu. "The delta-Sobolev approach for modeling solar spectral irradiance and radiance." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25801.
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Haidekker, Andras. "Radiation modelling in complex three dimensional enclosures." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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ACOSTA, PEREZ CLARICE de F. "Contribuição ao calculo do valor alfa no estudo de otimização da radioproteção." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11560.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Skiöld, Sara. "Radiation induced biomarkers of individual sensitivity to radiation therapy." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för molekylär biovetenskap, Wenner-Grens institut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97123.
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Fifty percent of solid cancers are treated with radiation therapy (RT). The dose used in RT is adjusted to the most sensitive individuals so that not more than 5% of the patients will have severe adverse healthy tissue effects. As a consequence, the majority of the patients will receive a suboptimal dose, as they would have tolerated a higher total dose and received a better tumor control. Thus, if RT could be individualized based on radiation sensitivity (RS), more patients would be cured and the most severe adverse reactions could be avoided. At present the mechanisms behind RS are not known. The long term aim of this thesis was to develop diagnostic tools to assess the individual RS of breast cancer patients and to better understand the mechanisms behind the RS and radiation effects after low dose exposures. The approach was based on the hypothesis that biomarkers of individual RS, in terms of acute adverse skin reactions after breast cancer RT, can be found in whole blood that has been stressed by low doses of ionizing radiation (IR). To reach this goal two different approaches to identify biomarkers of RS have been investigated. A protocol for the analysis of differential protein expression in response to low dose in vitro irradiated whole blood was developed (paper I). This protocol was then used to investigate the proteomic profile of radiation sensitive and normo-sensitive patients, using isotope-coded protein labeled proteomics (ICPL). The results from the ICPL study (paper III) show that the two patient groups have different protein expression profiles both at the basal level and after IR. In paper II the potential biomarker 8-oxo-dG was investigated in serum after IR. The relative levels of IR induced 8-oxo-dG from radiation sensitive patients differ significantly from normo-sensitive patients. This indicates that the sensitive patients differ in their cellular response to IR and that 8-oxo-dG is a potential biomarker for RS.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Hogan, C. J. "Cosmic Radiation Bubbles|Cosmic Structure from Radiation-Blown Bubbles." Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona (Tucson, Arizona), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623920.
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CARDI, BRUNO A. "Estudo morfocitologico comparativo de crotoxina nativa e irradiada em tecidos e celulas de camundongos CBA/J." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9264.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
10
CAMPOS, ISIDA M. A. de. "Dosimetria biologica citogenetica em protecao radiologica .Analise de aberracoes cromossomicas radioinduzidas em linfocitos humanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9913.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
11
Crescenti, Remo Andrea. "Backscatter ultrasound readout of radiation-sensitive gels for radiation dosimetry." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511163.
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Wahle, Peter Joseph 1961. "Radiation effects on power MOSFETs under simulated space radiation conditions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277024.
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Application of power MOSFETs in spaceborne power converters was simulated by exposing devices to low-dose-rate ionizing radiation. Both radiation-hardened and nonhardened devices were tested with constant and switched gate biases during irradiation. In addition, some of the devices were under load. The threshold-voltage shifts were strongly bias dependent. The threshold-voltage shift of the nonhardened parts was approximately dose-rate independent, while the hardened parts exhibited significant dose-rate dependence. A pre-anneal dose-rate dependence was found for the interface-state buildup of the switched and positively biased devices, but the results for the switched devices were qualitatively different than those for the positively biased devices. The buildup of interface trapped charge was found to be the primary contributor to mobility degradation, which results in reduced drive capability and slower operation of the devices. These results indicate that new methods need to be utilized to accurately predict the performance of power MOSFETs in space environments.
13
Liu, Xilei. "Radiation from interconnects." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417405.
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O'Shea, Valentine. "GaAs radiation detectors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244259.
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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova, and A. Oleshko. "Mobile phone radiation." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16056.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiation Protection Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2490.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiation Protection Overview." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2486.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiation Protection Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2492.
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Paris, Mark V. "Model studies of solar spectral irradiance at the bottom and top of a cloudy atmosphere." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16900.
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MUSICO, FILHO WALTER. "Efeito da radiacao ionizante no prolipropileno nacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10453.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
21
Spadanuda, Enrica. "Surface cloud radiative forcing from broadband radiation measurements on the Antarctic plateau." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10201/.
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Surface based measurements systems play a key role in defining the ground truth for climate modeling and satellite product validation. The Italian-French station of Concordia is operative year round since 2005 at Dome C (75°S, 123°E, 3230 m) on the East Antarctic Plateau. A Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) site was deployed and became operational since January 2006 to measure downwelling components of the radiation budget, and successively was expanded in April 2007 to measure upwelling radiation. Hence, almost a decade of measurement is now available and suitable to define a statistically significant climatology for the radiation budget of Concordia including eventual trends, by specifically assessing the effects of clouds and water vapor on SW and LW net radiation. A well known and robust clear sky-id algorithm (Long and Ackerman, 2000) has been operationally applied on downwelling SW components to identify cloud free events and to fit a parametric equation to determine clear-sky reference along the Antarctic daylight periods (September to April). A new model for surface broadband albedo has been developed in order to better describe the features the area. Then, a novel clear-sky LW parametrization, based on a-priori assumption about inversion layer structure, combined with daily and annual oscillations of the surface temperature, have been adopted and validated. The longwave based method is successively exploited to extend cloud radiative forcing studies to nighttime period (winter). Results indicated inter-annual and intra-annual warming behaviour, i.e. 13.70 W/m2 on the average, specifically approaching neutral effect in summer, when SW CRF compensates LW CRF, and warming along the rest of the year due prevalentely to CRF induced on the LW component.
22
Fu, Ceji. "Radiative Properties of Emerging Materials and Radiation Heat Transfer at the Nanoscale." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4941.
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A negative index material (NIM), which possesses simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, is an emerging material that has caught many researchers attention after it was first demonstrated in 2001. It has been shown that electromagnetic waves propagating in NIMs have some remarkable properties such as negative phase velocities and negative refraction and hold enormous promise for applications in imaging and optical communications. This dissertation is centered on investigating the unique aspects of the radiative properties of NIMs. Photon tunneling, which relies on evanescent waves to transfer radiative energy, has important applications in thin-film structures, microscale thermophotovoltaic devices, and scanning thermal microscopes. With multilayer thin-film structures, photon tunneling is shown to be greatly enhanced using NIM layers. The enhancement is attributed to the excitation of surface or bulk polaritons, and depends on the thicknesses of the NIM layers according to the phase matching condition. A new coherent thermal emission source is proposed by pairing a negative permittivity (but positive permeability) layer with a negative permeability (but positive permittivity) layer. The merits of such a coherent thermal emission source are that coherent thermal emission occurs for both s- and p-polarizations, without use of grating structures. Zero power reflectance from an NIM for both polarizations indicates the existence of the Brewster angles for both polarizations under certain conditions. The criteria for the Brewster angle are determined analytically and presented in a regime map. The findings on the unique radiative properties of NIMs may help develop advanced energy conversion devices. Motivated by the recent advancement in scanning probe microscopy, the last part of this dissertation focuses on prediction of the radiation heat transfer between two closely spaced semi-infinite media. The objective is to investigate the dopant concentration of silicon on the near-field radiation heat transfer. It is found that the radiative energy flux can be significantly augmented by using heavily doped silicon for the two media separated at nanometric distances. Large enhancement of radiation heat transfer at the nanoscale may have an impact on the development of near-field thermal probing and nanomanufacturing techniques.
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Francoeur, Mathieu. "NEAR-FIELD RADIATIVE TRANSFER: THERMAL RADIATION, THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/58.
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This dissertation focuses on near-field radiative transfer, which can be defined as the discipline concerned with energy transfer via electromagnetic waves at sub-wavelength distances. Three specific subjects related to this discipline are investigated, namely nearfield thermal radiation, nanoscale-gap thermophotovoltaic (nano-TPV) power generation and optical characterization. An algorithm for the solution of near-field thermal radiation problems in one-dimensional layered media is developed, and several tests are performed showing the accuracy, consistency and versatility of the procedure. The possibility of tuning near-field radiative heat transfer via thin films supporting surface phononpolaritons (SPhPs) in the infrared is afterwards investigated via the computation of the local density of electromagnetic states and the radiative heat flux between two films. Results reveal that due to SPhP coupling, fine tuning of near-field radiative heat transfer is possible by solely varying the structure of the system, the structure being the film thicknesses and their distance of separation. The coexistence of two regimes of near-field thermal radiation between two thin films of silicon carbide is demonstrated via numerical simulations and an asymptotic analysis of the radiative heat transfer coefficient. The impacts of thermal effects on the performances of nano-TPV power generators are investigated via the solution of the coupled near-field thermal radiation, charge and heat transport problem. The viability of nano-TPV devices proposed so far in the literature, based on a tungsten radiator at 2000 K and indium gallium antimonide cell, is questioned due to excessive heating of the junction converting thermal radiation into electricity. Using a convective thermal management system, a heat transfer coefficient as high as 105 Wm-2K-1 is required to maintain the junction at room temperature. The possibility of characterizing non-intrusively, and potentially in real-time, nanoparticles from 5 nm to 100 nm in size via scattered surface wave is explored. The feasibility of the characterization framework is theoretically demonstrated via a sensitivity analysis of the scattering matrix elements. Measurements of the scattering matrix elements for 200 nm and 50 nm gold spherical particles show the great sensitivity of the characterization tool, although an ultimate calibration is difficult with the current version of the experimental set-up.
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Conant, William Christopher. "Interactions between aerosol, water vapor, and solar radiation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3025938.
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Lucht, Lisa Michelle. "Radiation responses of foodborne microorganisms, recovery from potentially lethal radiation damage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq23395.pdf.
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Zaytzev, A. S., and A. V. Kutsak. "The radiation exposure to people due to natural radiation in buildings." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/54196.
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Research goals and objectives: To perform the research on the territory Zaporozhye region to identify the existing level of gamma background at the open area and inside the living buildings, and to estimate possible doses of radiation from the natural sources.
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Brucoli, Matteo. "Total ionizing dose monitoring for mixed field environments." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS093/document.
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La mesure de la dose ionisante est aujourd'hui une tâche cruciale pour une large gamme d'applications fonctionnant dans des environnements de rayonnement sévères. Dans le contexte de l'amélioration de la luminosité du grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC), la mesure des niveaux de rayonnement le long du complexe d'accélérateurs du CERN va devenir encore plus difficile. A cet effet, une connaissance plus détaillée du champ de rayonnement dans le tunnel de l'accélérateur et ses zones adjacentes devient nécessaire pour définir les exigences d'installation, de déplacement ou de blindage de l'électronique sensible au rayonnement. Dans l’objectif d’améliorer la mesure de la dose absorbée par les systèmes exposés au champ de rayonnement mixte généré par l’accélérateur, des investigations sur des nouveaux dosimètres ont été menées.Dans le cadre de cette recherche, deux dispositifs ont été étudiés et caractérisés pour être utilisés comme dosimètres et éventuellement pour compléter l'utilisation du dosimètre au silicium actuellement utilisé au CERN, à savoir le RADFET (RADiation-sensitive Field Effect Transistor) : un NMOS commercial et un ASIC (Application-specific Integrated Circuit) nommé FGDOS. Les dispositifs ont été sélectionnés selon deux approches opposées : d'une part, la réduction des coûts permettrait d'augmenter la densité des capteurs déployés. En conséquence directe, une carte des doses plus détaillée serait obtenue pour les grands systèmes distribués comme le LHC. D'autre part, la dosimétrie peut être améliorée en déployant des détecteurs plus sensibles, ce qui permettrait de mesurer la dose lorsque les niveaux sont trop faibles pour le RADFET. De plus, des capteurs à plus haute résolution permettraient de caractériser le champ de rayonnement dans un temps plus court, c'est-à-dire avec une luminosité intégrée plus faible.La première approche a été réalisée en recherchant des solutions alternatives basées sur des dispositifs COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf), qui réduiraient considérablement les coûts et garantiraient une disponibilité illimitée sur le marché. À cette fin, des recherches ont été menées sur un transistor NMOS discret commercial, qui s'est révélé très sensible au rayonnement.La nécessité d'améliorer la résolution de la mesure de dose a conduit à étudier le FGDOS, un dosimètre en silicium innovant à très haute sensibilité qui permet de détecter des doses extrêmement faibles.La calibration du transistor NMOS et du FGDOS a été effectuées en exposant les dosimètres à des rayons gamma. Leur réponse au rayonnement a été caractérisée en termes de linéarité, de variabilité d'un lot à l'autre et d'effet du débit de dose. L'influence de la température a été étudiée et une méthode pour compenser l'effet de la température a été développée et mise en œuvre.Le FGDOS étant un système sur puce (SoC) avec plusieurs caractéristiques qui font du dosimètre un système extrêmement flexible, la caractérisation de ses différents modes de fonctionnement (actif, passif et autonome) a été effectuée. Suite à la première caractérisation, des questions se sont posées concernant les mécanismes de dégradation de la sensibilité affectant le dosimètre. Pour étudier ce phénomène, des campagnes d’irradiations ont été effectuées avec une puce d'essai incorporant seulement le circuit sensible au rayonnement du FGDOS. L'analyse des expériences a permis de comprendre les processus responsables de la dégradation de la sensibilité, en séparant la contribution du transistor de lecture de celle du condensateur à grille flottante. Les résultats de cette étude nous ont amenés à envisager de nouvelles solutions de conception et des méthodes de compensation.L’aptitude du transistor NMOS et du FGDOS à mesurer la dose ionisante dans les champs de rayonnement mixtes produits par le complexe d’accélérateurs du CERN a été vérifiée à l’aide de test radiatifs accélérés effectués dans le centre de tests en champs mixte à haute énergie du CERN (CHARM)The Total Ionizing Dose (TID) monitoring is nowadays a crucial task for a wide range of applications running in harsh radiation environments. In view of the High-Luminosity upgrade for the Large Hadron Collider, the monitoring of radiation levels along the CERN’s accelerator complex will become even more challenging. To this extent, a more detailed knowledge of the radiation field in the accelerator tunnel and its adjacent areas becomes necessary to design installation, relocation or shielding requirements of electronics sensitive to radiation. Aiming to improve the monitoring of the TID delivered by the mixed radiation field generated within the accelerator system, investigations on new suitable dosimeters have been carried out.With this research, two devices have been studied and characterized to be employed as dosimeter and possibly to complete the use of the silicon sensor currently employed at CERN for TID monitoring, i.e. the RADiation-sensitive Field Effect Transistor (RADFET): a commercial NMOS, and an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) named FGDOS. The devices have been selected following two opposite approaches: on the one hand, reducing the costs would allow the density of the deployed sensors to increase. As a direct consequence, a more detailed dose map would be obtained for large distributed systems like the LHC. On the other hand, the radiation monitoring can be further improved by deploying more sensitive detectors, which would allow to measure the dose where the levels are too low for the RADFET. Moreover, sensors with higher resolution would permit the characterization of the radiation field in a shorter time, which means within a lower integrated luminosity.The first approach has been accomplished by searching for alternative solutions based on COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) devices, which would significantly reduce the costs and guarantee unlimited availability on the market. For this aim, investigations on a commercial discrete NMOS transistor, which was found to be very sensitive to the radiation, has been carried out.The need for improving the resolution of TID monitoring led to investigate the FGDOS, which is an innovative silicon dosimeter with a very high sensitivity that permits to detect extremely low doses.The calibration of the NMOS and the FGDOS have been performed by exposing the dosimeters to γ-ray. Their radiation response has been characterized in terms of linearity, batch-to-batch variability, and dose rate effect. The influence of the temperature has been studied and a method to compensate the temperature effect has been developed and implemented.Being the FGDOS is a System-On-Chip with several features that make the dosimeter an extremely flexible system, the characterization of its operational modes (Active, Passive and Autonomous) have been performed. Following the first characterization, some questions arose concerning the sensitivity degradation mechanisms affecting the dosimeter. To investigate this phenomenon, radiation experiments were performed with a test chip embedding only the radiation sensitive circuit of the FGDOS. The analysis of the experiments allowed the understating of the processes responsible for the sensitivity degradation, by separating the contribution of the reading transistor and the floating gate capacitor. The results of this investigation led us to considerer new design solution and compensation methods.The suitability of the NMOS and the FGDOS for TID measurement in the mixed radiation field produced by the CERN’s accelerator complex has been verified by performing accelerated radiation tests at the Cern High energy AcceleRator Mixed field facility (CHARM). The consistency of both sensors with the RADFET measurement has been demonstrated. The high sensitivity of the FGDOS leads to a significant improvement in terms of TID measurement in mixed radiation fields with respect to the RadFET, especially for low radiation intensities
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SOUZA, MARIA D. C. A. de. "Efeito da radiacao gama sobre a aguardente de cana-de-acucar." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10801.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Watjen, Jesse I. "Study of radiative properties of thin films and near-field radiation for thermophotovoltaic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54969.
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Near-field thermophotovoltaic (NFTPV) devices have received great attention lately as attractive energy harvesting systems, whereby a heated thermal emitter exchanges super-Planckian near-field radiation with a photovoltaic (PV) cell to generate electricity. This work describes the advancement of NFTPV technology through both simulations of next-generation devices, and experimental research addressing the technical challenges faced by NFTVPs, including nanostructured material properties, and large-area near-field heat transfer. The first part of this work seeks to improve the performance of a possible NFTPV device by using a periodic tungsten grating as the thermal emission source. The effects on the electrical power generation and the conversion efficiency are investigated via simulations with different grating geometries. It is found that using the selected grating geometry the power output and efficiency could be increased by 40% and 6%, respectively, over a flat tungsten emitter. The reasoning behind the enhancement is attributed to a plasmonic resonance that shifts towards lower frequencies at large wavenumbers. Extensive experimental research is undertaken to investigate the technical challenges in NFTPVs. The optical properties of thin tungsten films, which may serve as an emitter material, are extracted through spectroscopic measurements, and are found to be significantly different from reported bulk values due to a wide range of crystal structures that are present in sputtered films. A heat transfer experiment is designed and built to measure near-field radiation between two doped-silicon slabs separated by a submicron vacuum gap. The details of this system and the sample fabrication show a robust and straightforward method of measuring large-area near-field radiative heat transfer at distances between 200 nm and 800 nm. The results of this experiment show the largest energy throughput of submicron near-field heat transfer to date, and serve to address technical challenges behind practical near-field thermophotovoltaic technology.
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Secondo, Raffaello. "Upgrades of the RadMON V6 and its Integration on a Nanosatellite for theAnalysis and the Comparative Study of the CHARM and Low Earth Orbit Environments." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS063/document.
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Les champs radiatifs dans le complexe d’accélérateurs du CERN sont caractérisés par des particules mixtes avec un large spectre d’énergie. Le système de surveillance des radiations, le RadMon, a été développé pour la mesure distribuée, et en temps réel, des radiations et ses effets sur l’électronique installée dans les tunnels et les zones expérimentales. Pendant la première phase d’opération du RADMON, un problème critique a été identifié sur les mémoires SRAM utilisées comme capteurs de fluence des hadrons de hautes énergies. Un large nombre de MCU (Multiple Cell Upsets), générés par des microlatchups, ont commencé à apparaître sur les RADMONs, affectant ainsi la précision de mesure de la fluence. Une étude de la cause de cet effet a été réalisée et une solution utilisant un algorithme de détection et de correction en ligne, embarqué sur un FPGA, a été évaluée et mise en place sur les RADMONs installés dans les zones du SPS, PSB, NA62, HiRadMat, ALICE et CHARM.Par ailleurs, dans le cadre du projet CELESTA, une étude de faisabilité a été réalisée pour valider l’adaptation du RadMon à une charge utile pour des applications CubeSat de dimension 1U. Le travail de recherche a été soutenu par le service de transfert de connaissance du CERN en collaboration avec l’Université de Montpellier, le Centre Spatial Universitaire.Les tests expérimentaux ont été effectués dans le nouveau moyen de test CHARM. CHARM offre la possibilité de reproduire les champs radiatifs mixtes présents dans les installations du CERN ainsi que les basses orbites terrestres (LEO).Un module autonome de charge utile pour Cubesat a été développé et équipé avec des capteurs permettant de mesurer dose ionisante ainsi que la fluence des hadrons de haute énergie. Par ailleurs une expérience permettant de détecter des latchups a été ajoutée au module. Les résultats des tests ont permis la définition d’une nouvelle procédure pour la qualification des nano satellites au niveau des radiations sur le système. Ce travail de thèse détaille l’approche suivie pour le choix et la caractérisation des composants utilisés sur la charge utile.La charge utile de CELESTA est le premier projet du CERN sur le sujet de la science des "small satellites". Il représente la première étape d’un intérêt croissant de l’utilisation du moyen de test CHARM pour des missions en environnement spatialRadiation fields in the CERN accelerator complex are characterized by mixed particles with broad energy ranges. A Radiation Monitoring System, called "RadMon", was developed for the distributed, on-line measurement of the complex radiation fields and their effect on the electronics installed in areas with a harsh radiation environment. The most recent version of the RadMon revealed a critical issue soon after deployment in the tunnel and the experimental areas. Multiple Cell Upsets (MCUs) arising from microlatchup events started showing up on the SRAM-based particle flux sensors equipped by the system, ultimately affecting the measurement and resulting in corrupted data and accuracy losses. A study of the generation of this effect was performed, and a solution using an on-line detection and correction algorithm embedded on an FPGA, was evaluated and implemented on the RadMon device.Furthermore, in the framework of the project CELESTA, a feasibility study was carried out to validate the adaptation of the RadMon to a 1U CubeSat payload. The research was supported by the CERN Knowledge Transfer as a collaboration between the University of Montpellier, the Centre Spatial Universitaire and CERN. Experimental tests were performed at the new CHARM facility, which allows the characterization of small components, as well as large systems, in a mixed-field representative of the Low Earth Orbit.A stand-alone payload module for 1U CubeSats was developed and equipped withsensors of ionizing dose and high energy hadron fluence. In addition a Latchup Experiment was added on the module as part of the scientific goals of the mission. Results of experimental tests led to the definition of a new procedure for the radiation qualification of small satellites at system level. Details of the characterization and the choice of components are presented together with the approach followed.The payload is the first small satellite module ever designed at CERN. It representsthe first step of an increasing interest towards radiation qualification at CHARM of electronics for low orbit space missions
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Walldén, Johan. "Radiation Induced Effects in Electronic Devices and Radiation Hardening By Design Techniques." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska komponenter, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109343.
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The aim with this thesis has been to make a survey of radiation hardened electronics, explaining why and how radiation affects electronics and what can be done to harden it. The effects radiation have on electronics in general and in specific commonly used devices are explained qualitatively. The effects are divided into Displacement Damage (DD), Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Single Event Effects (SEEs). The devices explained are MOSFETs, Silicon On Insulator (SOI) transistors, 3D-transistors, Power transistors, Optocouplers, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), three dimensional circuits (3D-ICs) and Flash memories. Different radiation hardening by design (RHBD) techniques used to reduce or to remove the negative effects radiation induces in electronics are also explained. The techniques are Annular transistors, Enclosed source/drain transistors, Guard rings, Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), Dual Interlocked Storage Cells (DICE), Guard gates, Temporal filtering,Multiple drive, Charge dissipation, Differential Charge Cancellation (DCC), Scrubbing, Lockstep, EDAC codes and Watchdog timers.
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Moodley, Avril. "Sexual function in women following radiation or chemo-radiation for cervical cancer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3051.
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Ogawa, Takumi. "Observational Signatures of Super-Eddington Accretors:Views from Radiation Hydrodynamics/Radiation Transfer Simulations." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263470.
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Haworth, Thomas James. "Radiation hydrodynamic models and simulated observations of radiative feedback in star forming regions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14465.
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This thesis details the development of the radiation transport code torus for radiation hydrodynamic applications and its subsequent use in investigating problems regarding radiative feedback. The code couples Monte Carlo photoionization with grid-based hydrodynamics and has the advantage that all of the features available to a dedicated radiation transport code are at its disposal in RHD applications. I discuss the development of the code, including the hydrodynamics scheme, the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) framework and the coupling of radiation transport with hydrodynamics. Extensive testing of the resulting code is also presented. The main application involves the study of radiatively driven implosion (RDI), a mechanism where the expanding ionized region about a massive star impacts nearby clumps, potentially triggering star formation. Firstly I investigate the way in which the radiation field is treated, isolating the relative impacts of polychromatic and diffuse field radiation on the evolution of radiation hydrodynamic RDI models. I also produce synthetic SEDs, radio, Hα and forbidden line images of the bright rimmed clouds (BRCs) resulting from the RDI models, on which I perform standard diagnostics that are used by observers to obtain the cloud conditions. I test the accuracy of the diagnostics and show that considering the pressure difference between the neutral cloud and surrounding ionized layer can be used to infer whether or not RDI is occurring. Finally I use more synthetic observations to investigate the accuracy of molecular line diagnostics and the nature of line profiles of BRCs. I show that the previously unexplained lack of dominant blue-asymmetry (a blue-asymmetry is the expected signature of a collapsing cloud) in the line profiles of BRCs can be explained by the shell of material, swept up by the expanding ionized region, that drives into the cloud. The work in this thesis combines to help resolve the difficulties in understanding radiative feedback, which is a non–linear process that happens on small astrophysical timescales, by improving numerical models and the way in which they are compared with observations.
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Schützhold, Ralf. "Aspects of quantum radiation." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-994076596640-36027.
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This thesis is devoted to the investigation of the phenomenon of quantum radiation -- i.e. the conversion of the (virtual) quantum fluctuations of a quantised field into (real) particles owing to the influence of external conditions. For that purpose a canonical particle (and thereby vacuum) definition is presented for a quantum field in the presence of specific external conditions. Utilising this set-up the number of Rindler particles in the Minkowski vacuum is calculated explicitly where the Unruh effect is recovered. Focusing on the gravitational collapse of an object the number of created particles accounting for the Hawking effect is derived and the dependence of the results on the dynamics of the collapse is discussed. Furthermore the influence of finite initial temperatures is investigated for a weakly time-dependent perfectly conducting cavity (dynamical Casimir effect), a dynamical dielectric medium, and the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. Finally the problems arising from the consideration of interacting fields are outlined by means of a simple example.
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Crosbie, Jeffrey. "Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy." Monash University. Faculty of Science. School of Physics, 2008. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/64948.
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This thesis presents interdisciplinary, collaborative research in the field of synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT). Synchrotron MRT is an experimental radiotherapy technique under consideration for clinical use, following demonstration of efficacy in tumour-bearing rodent models with remarkable sparing of normal tissue. A high flux, X-ray beam from a synchrotron is segmented into micro-planar arrays of narrow beams, typically 25 μm wide and with peak-to-peak separations of 200 μm. The radiobiological effect of MRT and the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. The ratio between dose in the ‘peaks’of the microbeams to the dose in the ‘valleys’, between the microbeams, has strong biological significance. However, there are difficulties in accurately measuring the dose distribution for MRT. The aim of this thesis is to address elements of both the dosimetric and radiobiological gaps that exist in the field of synchrotron MRT. A method of film dosimetry and microdensitometry was adapted in order to measure the peak-to-valley dose ratios for synchrotron MRT. Two types of radiochromic film were irradiated in a phantom and also flush against a microbeam collimator on beamline BL28B2 at the SPring-8 synchrotron. The HD-810 and EBT varieties of radiochromic film were used to record peak dose and valley dose respectively. In other experiments, a dose build-up effect was investigated and the half value layer of the beam with and without the microbeam collimator was measured to investigate the effect of the collimator on the beam quality. The valley dose obtained for films placed flush against the collimator was approximately 0.25% of the peak dose. Within the water phantom, the valley dose had increased to between 0.7–1.8% of the peak dose, depending on the depth in the phantom. We also demonstrated, experimentally and by Monte Carlo simulation, that the dose is not maximal on the surface and that there is a dose build-up effect. The microbeam collimator did not make an appreciable difference to the beam quality. The measured values of peak-to-valley dose ratio were higher than those predicted by previously published Monte Carlo simulation papers. For the radiobiological studies, planar (560 Gy) or cross-planar (2 x 280 Gy or 2 x 560 Gy) irradiations were delivered to mice inoculated with mammary tumours in their leg, on beamline BL28B2 at the SPring-8 synchrotron. Immunohistochemical staining for DNA double strand breaks, proliferation and apoptosis was performed on irradiated tissue sections. The MRT response was compared to conventional radiotherapy at 11, 22 or 44 Gy. The results of the study provides the first evidence for a differential tissue response at a cellular level between normal and tumour tissues following synchrotron MRT. Within 24 hours of MRT to tumour, obvious cell migration had occurred into and out of irradiated zones. MRT-irradiated tumours showed significantly less proliferative capacity by 24 hours post-irradiation (P = 0.002). Median survival times for EMT-6.5 and 67NR tumour-bearing mice following MRT (2 x 560 Gy) and conventional radiotherapy (22 Gy) increased significantly compared to unirradiated controls (P < 0.0005). However, there was markedly less normal tissue damage from MRT than from conventional radiotherapy. MRT-treated normal skin mounts a more coordinated repair response than tumours. Cell-cell communication of death signals from directly irradiated, migrating cells, may explain why tumours are less resistant to high dose MRT than normal tissue.
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Löfgren, Stefan. "Cataract from ultraviolet radiation /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-065-2/.
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Podskochy, Alexander. "Ultraviolet radiation and cornea /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-118-7/.
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Wilkinson, Susan Anne. "Aspects of radiation curing." Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7720/.
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The electron beam induced polymerisation of dialkyltin diacrylates, as well as the UV and electron beam induced polymerisation of some novel silicon containing acrylates are discussed. The reactivity and film forming properties of these materials are compared with that of some commercial diluents such as, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, TPGDA and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, TMPTA. Mechanistic studies concerning the initiation of free radical polymerisation of the acrylate ester, isodecylacrylate, IDA on electron beam irradiation are presented. Addition of electron and hole scavengers revealed that slow electrons contribute significantly to the initiation of electron beam induced polymerisation of acrylate esters. The film forming properties of phenyl acrylate and mono-, di- and tri- halophenyl acrylates on exposure to electron beam irradiation are evaluated in terms of their ability to produce tackfree films. The sensitivity of catechol diacrylate compared with t-butyl catechol diacrylate is also presented. Mechanistic studies concerning the initiation of both UV and electron beam induced cationic polymerisation of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-31,41 -epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, with the aid of diphenyliodonium hexafýuorophosphate, triphenylsulphonium hexafluorophosphate and (n -2,4-cyclopentadien- I-yl) [(I, 2,3,4,5,6-n) (-I-methylethyl) benzene] -iron(I+) hexafluorophosphate, as well as the radiolysis of 6,7-epoxy- 3,7-dimethyloctylacrylate in the presence of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate are presented. The decomposition of the salts was monitored in situ by infrared and UV spectroscopy and hydrogen fluoride is credited as the true initiator of the cationic polymerisation of epoxides in an open system. The UV photolysis of the aforementioned onium salts led to the production of volatiles, resulting in the polymerisation of thin films of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-31,41 - epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, providing further evidence of hydrogen fluoride evolution. The use of FTIR- photoacoustic spectroscopy was proven to be an invaluable tool in monitoring the polymerisation of thin epoxide or acrylate films on an opaque substrate.
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Jia, Jingyi. "Strontium -90 Radiation Detection." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23308.
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The objective of this thesis is to construct a measurement system, measuring Radiation from Strontium with mass number 90 ( 90 Sr). The absorbed beta particle has a kinetic energy of 546 keV. The constructed scanning system makes it possible to sweep over a larger area than the actual Silicon detector. The used detector has an area of 1cm 2 . [1] A Si detector is connected to an electronic read out circuit. The Arduino microcontroller reads the output of the circuit and translates it to digital signals and sends them to a personal computer. After one signal has been read, Arduino will discharge the peak detector in the circuit to read another signal. The Arduino control software Processing will receive and process the digital output from Arduino. There will be three windows showing the number of counts from Arduino, the movement of the steering engine controlled by Thorlabs, and the sum counts of every position where the detector is.
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Sule, Mohammed S. "Radiation inactivation of enzymes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261991.
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Khan, Niaz Ahmad. "Aspects of radiation curing." Thesis, City University London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241483.
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Dominguez, Ferrero Ramon. "Radiation Tests for MATS." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246082.
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MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) is a small satellite that will belaunched in 2019. The satellite will fly in low-earth orbit obtaining data from Noctilucent Clouds andthe oxygen Airglow phenomenon. The satellite is equipped with CCDs prepared to capture images ofthe mesospheric events. The image signal needs to be processed by an analog chain before reachingthe ADC. Satellites in orbit and their components are susceptible of being affected by ionizingradiation originated from the space.Electronic devices are affected in an ionization process, interfering with their functionality andperformance. Tests need to be done over the MATS components to guarantee that the transmissionof the signals is not affected by the radiation and the satellite is able to maintain its performance. Theaim of this thesis is to explain the tests carried to analyze the different MATS components at similarradiation conditions as the real mission and to find the most adequate substitutes in case of the nonsuitabilityof the original components.MATS (Mesospheric Airglow/Aerosol Tomography and Spectroscopy) är en satellit som kommer attskjutas upp i 2019. Satelliten ska flyga i en låg omloppsbana och avbilda nattlysande moln och syreluftsken (airglow). Satelliten har CCD detektorer för att ta bilder av dessa fenomen i mesosfären.Sensorernas signaler behöver behandlas av en analog kedja innan de når ADC. Satelliter på bana ochderas komponenter kan påverkas av joniserande strålning från rymden.Elektronikenheter påverkas i en joniseringsprocess, som stör deras funktionalitet och prestanda.Tester måste göras över MATS komponenter för att garantera att överföringen av signalerna intepåverkas av strålningen och satelliten kan bibehålla sin prestanda. Syftet med detta arbete är attförklara de tester som utförts för att analysera de olika MATS-komponenterna vid liknandestrålningsförhållanden som det verkliga uppdraget och att hitta de mest lämpliga ersättningar ifall deursprungliga komponenterna visar sig inte vara lämpliga.
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Williams, Richard B. Sc D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Adaptive multigroup radiation diffusion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34430.
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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-193).
This thesis describes the development and implementation of an algorithm for dramatically increasing the accuracy and reliability of multigroup radiation diffusion simulations at low group counts. This is achieved by allowing the energy group boundaries to move in energy space as the simulation evolves. This adaption in energy space effectively removes the sensitivity of multigroup diffusion to group boundary placement and makes the technique a viable option for large, computationally expensive computer simulations. Traditional multigroup radiation diffusion solvers break down at small group counts because of the coarse discretization of highly nonlinear material opacity. Small changes in the group boundary energies can lead to wildly different mean opacities and therefore significant changes in simulation output. This sensitivity has rendered the technique unpredictable and it is generally considered to be not worth the added computational expense. Unfortunately, multigroup diffusion is the only method available for adding frequency dependence to the radiation field in a standard diffusion solver. When attempting to model a system that includes a non-equilibrium radiation field, frequency-dependent effects become important.
(cont.) While running multigroup simulations with large numbers of groups is a reliable method for obtaining increased accuracy over grey diffusion, the computational expense scales linearly with the number of groups. For large simulations, running multigroup diffusion with increased group counts is infeasible and running with small group counts is unreliable. This has led to a tendency to use grey diffusion even in environments where the radiation field is known to be out of equilibrium with the material. This thesis includes a new derivation of the diffusion equation and an overview of traditional "static" multigroup radiation diffusion along with an analysis of its shortcomings. The sensitivity due to group boundary placement for small numbers of groups is shown. Data are presented which demonstrate that small group count multigroup calculations can actually provide a worse answer than grey diffusion. A system is developed and implemented for allowing the multigroup energy boundaries to "adapt," or move in energy space, as the simulation evolves as well as a method for determining where increased energy resolution is needed for an arbitrary set of material opacities. By adapting in energy space, the sensitivity of multigroup diffusion to group boundary placement is ameliorated.
(cont.) Data are presented that demonstrate a reliable increase in accuracy for adaptive multigroup diffusion as the number of groups is increased-even at very small group counts. Furthermore, the data show that the level of accuracy obtained with the adaptive multigroup approach is equivalent to or better than the best-case data obtained with the static multigroup approach. This result is more profound than a simple increase in accuracy-the increased reliability makes multigroup radiation diffusion a viable tool for large non-equilibrium simulations. Users are no longer forced to use the grey diffusion method which is known to be physically inadequate. Furthermore, users are finally free to incorporate a frequency-dependent treatment of radiation without the accuracy ambiguities of standard multigroup diffusion.
by Richard B. Williams.
Sc.D.
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Parrott, Edward Philip John. "Applications of terahertz radiation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608716.
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Cook, Paul, and Louis Natale. "Telemetry Re-Radiation System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606219.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaEnclosed weapon bays on modern aircraft interfere with prelaunch, Flight Termination System verification during training test launches. Range safety personnel need to verify the functionality of the flight termination system prior to missile launch. The missile telemetry RF is highly attenuated when the aircraft missile bay doors are closed, limiting the range for which the aircraft can fly during training flights. Teletronics Technology Corporation and Lockheed Martin designed a system to provide telemetry data for these aircraft. The system re-radiates the telemetry from the missiles with the weapon bay doors closed. This paper describes the design considerations for this flexible system that accommodates multiple weapon systems in multiple weapon bay configurations.
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Pernegger, Heinz, Norbert Wermes, Luigi Mele, Mar Capeans, Ettore Zaffaroni, Barbara Mehner, and Ingrid Jonak-Auer. "Innovating Advanced Radiation Instruments." Publishers Communication Group (PCG), 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6507/1/s19.pdf.
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STREAM is a 4-year multi-site training network that aims at career development of Early Stage Researchers (ESRs) on scientific design, construction manufacturing and of advanced radiation instrumentation. STREAM targets the development of innovative radiation-hard, smart CMOS sensor technologies for scientific and industrial applications. The platform technology developed within the project will be tested in the demanding conditions posed by the CERN LHC detectors' environment as well as European industry leaders in the field of CMOS imaging, electron microscopy and radiation sensors. This leveraging factor will allow to fine-tune the technology to meet the requirements of industrial application cases on demand such as electron microscopy and medical X-ray imaging, as well as pathway towards novel application fields such as satellite environments, industrial X-ray systems and near-infrared imaging. The project will train a new generation of creative, entrepreneurial and innovative early-stage researchers and widen their academic career and employment opportunities. The STREAM consortium is composed of 10 research organisations and 5 industrial partners; the network will provide training to 17 ESRs. STREAM structures the research and training in four scientific work-packages which span the whole value-chain from research to application: CMOS Technologies Assessment, Smart Sensor Design and Layout, Validation and Qualification, Technology Integration, and Valorization.
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Levchenko, A., Світлана Григорівна Золотова, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, and Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova. "Electromagnetic radiation and health." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31097.
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Electrical hazards Strong radiation can induce current capable of delivering an electric shock to persons or animals. It can also overload and destroy electrical equipment. The induction of currents by oscillating magnetic fields is also the way in which solar storms disrupt the operation of electrical and electronic systems, causing damage to and even the explosion of power distribution transformers, blackouts (as occurred in 1989), and interference with electromagnetic signals (e.g. radio, TV, and telephone signals).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31097
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Leghuel, Hatim A. "Radiation Backscatter of Zirconia." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1377012297.
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Nemoz-Gaillard, Max. "Hydroélasticité et radiation acoustique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599988z.
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