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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiating'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Atashafrooz, M., and SA Gandjalikhan Nassab. "Simulation of three-dimensional laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward-facing step in a duct under bleeding condition." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212447657.

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This study presents a numerical analysis of three-dimensional laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward-facing step in a rectangular duct under bleeding condition. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium. The three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is used to solve the governing equations which are the conservations of mass, momentum, and energy. These equations are solved numerically using the computational fluid dynamic techniques to obtain the temperature and velocity fields, while the blocked-off method is employed to simulate the incline surface. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, besides the convective and conductive terms in the energy equation, the radiative term also presented. For computation of this term, the radiative transfer equation is solved numerically by the discrete ordinates method to find the divergence of radiative heat flux distribution inside the radiating medium. By this numerical procedure, the role of radiation heat transfer on convection flow of a radiating gas which has many engineering applications (for example in heat exchangers and combustion chambers) is studied in detail. Beside, the effects of bleeding coefficient, albedo coefficient, optical thickness, and the radiation–conduction parameter on heat transfer behavior of the system are investigated. Comparison of numerical results with the available data published in the open literature shows a good agreement.

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2

Bayazitoglu, Y., and T. T. Lam. "Marangoni Convection in Radiating Fluids." Journal of Heat Transfer 109, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248148.

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The onset of Marangoni convection driven by surface tension gradients in radiating fluid layers is studied. The system considered consists of a fluid layer of infinite horizontal extent which is confined between a free upper surface and a rigid isothermal lower surface. The radiative boundaries of black–black, mirror–mirror, and black–mirror are considered. The critical conditions leading to the onset of convective fluid motions in a microgravity environment are determined numerically by linear stability theory. The perturbation equations are solved as a Bolza problem in the calculus of variations. The results are presented in terms of the critical Marangoni number and optical thickness for a wide range of some radiative parameters, including the Planck number, nongrayness of the fluid, and the emissivity of the boundaries. It is found that radiation suppresses Marangoni convection during material processing in space.

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3

Hasan, Bismah, and Kamran Raza. "Dual Band Slotted Printed Circular Patch Antenna With Superstrate and EBG Structure for 5G Applications." January 2019 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1901.19.

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Slotted circular printed layered patch antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated for 5G (Fifth Generation) wireless communication applications. The antenna consists of slots in the main radiating circular patch element for miniaturizing the size of the radiating element and providing dual band radiation characteristics. The feed line is separated on bottom substrate layer with EBG (Electromagnetic Band-Gap) embedded for enhancing the gain characteristics of the antenna. Superstrate layer is also used for improving the gain of the antenna where the distance from the radiating antenna element is optimized for maximizing the impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics. The feed realization and impedance matching of the radiating slotted circular patch antenna is done by inducing slot at the middle ground plane of the slot embedded circular patch antenna system. The proposed configuration provides power radiation gain values of more than 5 dB for the Ka band of communications, whereas the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is verified for the dual resonances at 27.5 and 28.5 GHz. Dual band radiation characteristics are attained by embedding and optimizing the slot length and width in the circular patch radiator element that is placed on the upper face of the substrate RT Rogers Duroid 5880 layer. The length of the microstrip feed line embedded in the lower layer of the substrate is optimized for providing required bandwidth characteristics for the dual frequency point radiations. The antenna configuration is designed, modeled and simulated in CST (Central Standard Time) Microwave studio. The antenna is fabricated and measured vs simulated frequency response, gain patterns and current density plots are presented for the verification of antenna operation in the desired frequency bands.

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4

Golkarfard, Vahid, Seyyed Abdolreza Gandjalikhan Nassab, and Amir Babak Ansari. "Simulation of Solid Particles in Combined Conduction, Convection and Radiation Gas Flow over a Backward-Facing Step in a Duct." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5276.

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A numerical simulation procedure for studying deposition of aerosol particles in a laminar convection flow of radiating gas over a backward-facing step including the effect of thermal force is developed. In the gas flow, all of the heat transfer mechanisms consisting of conduction, convection and radiation take place simultaneously. Behavior of solid particles is studied numerically based on an Eulerian–Lagrangian method. Two dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved using CFD techniques, while the radiating transfer equation (RTE) is solved by discrete ordinate method (DOM) for calculating radiative heat flux distribution. The objective of this research is to study the effect of Reynolds number variation and also radiation on thermophoretic deposition of particles. Numerical results show a decrease in deposition percent by increasing in Reynolds number and the radiation effect is negligible. The results are compared with the existing experimental and numerical data and good agreement is found.

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5

Zanganeh, E., M. Song, M. Korobkov, A. Evlyukhin, A. Miroshnichenko, and P. Kapitanova. "Numerical Study of Non-Radiating Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2015, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2015/1/012170.

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Abstract The main challenge in near-field wireless power transfer systems is the increase of power transfer efficiency. It can be achieved by reducing ohmic or radiation losses of the resonators included in the system. In this paper, we propose and investigate numerically a non-radiating near-field wireless power transfer system based on transmitter and receiver implemented as dielectric disk resonators. The transmitter and receiver geometrical parameters are numerically optimized to operate at the frequency of non-radiating state of high refractive index dielectric resonators instead of magnetic dipole mode. Under the non-radiating state, we determine the frequency with almost zero radiation to the far-field. We numerically study the wireless power transfer efficiency as a function of operation distance between the transmitter and receiver and demonstrate that the higher efficiency compared to magnetic dipole mode can be achieved at non-radiating state for a fixed distance due to suppression of the radiation loss.

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6

El Fayome, E., A. Kamel, and H. ElHennawy. "Radiating/One Way Non-Radiating Currents." International Conference on Electrical Engineering 10, no. 10 (April 1, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iceeng.2016.30335.

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7

Ansaria, Amir, and Nassaba Gandjalikhan. "Forced convection of radiating gas over an inclined backward facing step using the blocked-off method." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110112132a.

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The present work investigates the laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward facing step (BFS) in a horizontal duct. The momentum and energy equations are solved numerically by the CFD techniques to obtain the velocity and temperature fields. Since, the twodimensional Cartesian coordinate system is used to solve the governing equations; the flow over inclined surface is simulated by considering the blocked-off region in regular grid. Discretized forms of the governing equations in the (x,y) plane are obtained by the control volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. Therefore, all of the convection, conduction and radiation heat transfer mechanisms take place simultaneously in the gas flow. For computation of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved numerically by the discrete ordinates method (DOM) to find the radiative heat flux distribution inside the radiating medium. In the numerical results, effects of inclination angle, optical thickness, scattering albedo and the radiation-conduction parameter on the heat transfer behavior of the convection flow are investigated. This research work is a new one in which a combined convection-radiation thermal system with a complex flow geometry is simulate by efficient numerical techniques.

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8

Usov, Vladimir V. "Radiating Regions in Pulsar Magnetospheres: From Theory to Observations and Back." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 177 (2000): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100060176.

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AbstractWe discuss plausible locations of radiating regions in the magnetospheres of pulsars and argue that the mechanisms of pulsar radiation at different frequencies are closely connected with the locations of the radiating regions, especially in the radio range. If the region that is responsible for the bulk of the non-thermal radiation at some frequency is localized in the pulsar magnetosphere then the nature of this radiation will be either determined or, at least, restricted significantly.

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9

Gore, J. P., U. S. Ip, and Y. R. Sivathanu. "Coupled Structure and Radiation Analysis of Acetylene/Air Flames." Journal of Heat Transfer 114, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911299.

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A coupled radiation-structure analysis of turbulent, non-premixed, strongly radiating acetylene/air flames is described. The analysis extends the laminar flamelet concept to include the effects of local radiative heat loss/gain. A new method for the calculation of the radiative source term is presented. New measurements of mean and fluctuating emission temperatures and radiation intensities, and previous data concerning flame structure are used to evaluate the predictions. Results show good agreement between measurements and predictions of flame structure similar to past uncoupled calculations. The mean emission temperatures and the mean visible radiation intensities are substantially underpredicted by the uncoupled analysis. The coupled calculations provide reasonable estimates of both quantities.

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10

Moein Addini, M., and S. A. Gandjalikhan Nassab. "Combined Mixed Convection and Radiation Heat Transfer in an Obstacle Wall Mounted Lid-driven Cavity." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 17, no. 6 (September 29, 2016): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2015-0095.

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AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation for laminar mixed convection flow of a radiating gas in a lid-driven cavity with a rectangular-shaped obstacle attached on the bottom wall. The vertical walls of the square cavity are assumed to be adiabatic, while other walls of cavity and obstacle are kept at constant temperature. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. The governing differential equations consisting the continuity, momentum and energy are solved numerically by the computational fluid dynamics techniques to obtain the velocity and temperature fields. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, besides convection and conduction, radiative heat transfer also takes place in the gas flow. For computation of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation is solved numerically by the discrete ordinate method. The streamline and isotherm plots and the distributions of convective, radiative and total Nusselt numbers along the bottom wall of cavity are presented. The effects of Richardson number, obstacle location, radiation–conduction parameter, optical thickness and albedo coefficient on the flow and temperature distributions are carried out. Comparison between the present numerical results with those obtained by other investigators in the cases of conduction–radiation and pure convection systems shows good consistencies.

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11

Kulikovskiy, A. G., A. T. Il’ichev, A. P. Chugainova, and V. A. Shargatov. "On spontaneously radiating shock waves." Доклады Академии наук 487, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652487128-31.

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A solution representing the structure of a spontaneously radiating shock wave is constructed and its stability in the linear approximation is investigated. Linear waves of perturbations that can propagate through the structure and waves radiating into the flow region behind the structure are found, i.e. there are waves corresponding to the spontaneous radiation of perturbations by a shock wave considered as a discontinuity surface.

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12

Akdagli, Ali, and Abdurrahim Toktas. "Design of wideband orthogonal MIMO antenna with improved correlation using a parasitic element for mobile handsets." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2014): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001263.

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In this paper, a novel design of compact wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating over a frequency range of 1.8–4.0 GHz at 10 dB is presented for mobile terminals. The MIMO antenna design consists of two symmetrical and orthogonal radiating elements with a small size of 15.5 × 16.5 mm2 printed on the corners of a mobile circuit board. The radiating element is composed of four meandered monopole branches with a strip-line fed by a probe. By triangularly trimming the corners of the common ground plane beneath the radiating elements, not only the mutual coupling is reduced, but also impedance bandwidth is increased. Although, the antenna in this form has sufficient correlation level between the radiating elements for MIMO operation, a novel design of plus-shaped parasitic element is inserted to the ground plane between those radiating elements in order to further enhance the isolation. The performance of the MIMO antenna is investigated in terms of s-parameters, radiation pattern, gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and is verified through the measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed MIMO antenna has good characteristics of wideband, isolation, gain, radiation pattern, and is compatible with LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN, besides it is small, compact, and embeddable in mobile terminals.

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13

Blåsten, Eemeli, and Yi-Hsuan Lin. "Radiating and non-radiating sources in elasticity." Inverse Problems 35, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 015005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/aae99e.

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14

Kapil, Manoj, and Manish Sharma. "A Superwideband Monopole Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna with Dual Notched (Inverted T-Shaped Stub/U-Shaped Slit) Band Characteristics for Wireless Applications." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 4242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8507.

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In this research article, a compact MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) antenna with inclusion of two notched bands characteristics is presented. Designed MIMO antenna consist of dual radiating patches printed on one surface of the substrate which covers measured wide impedance bandwidth of 2.88 GHz–19.98 GHz and satisfies bandwidth ratio more than 10:1 for superwideband with compact size of 18 mm × 34 mm. Two radiating patch are placed symmetrically for MIMO configuration and notched bands to eliminate WiMAX/C and WLAN bands are obtained by attaching inverted T-shaped stub on radiating patch and etched inverted U-shape slit in microstrip feed. Isolation between the two radiating patch is maintained by adding two L-shaped stub in slotted rectangular ground plane. Measured radiation pattern are stable in operating band and offers maximum 4.23 dBi and 89% gain and radiation efficiency respectively. Moreover, antenna shows good diversity performance with Envelope-Correlation-Coefficient (ECC) < 0.5, Directive-Gain (DG) > 9.95 dB and Total-Active-Reflection Coefficient (TARC) < -30 dB.

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15

Herrera, L., A. Di Prisco, and J. Ospino. "The transition of a gravitationally radiating, dissipative fluid to equilibrium." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 9 (September 2018): 1010–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0651.

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We describe the transition of a gravitationally radiating, axially and reflection symmetric, dissipative fluid to a non-radiating state. It is shown that very shortly after the end of the radiating regime, at a time scale on the order of the thermal relaxation time, the thermal adjustment time, or the hydrostatic time (whichever is larger), the system reaches the equilibrium state. This result is at variance with all the studies carried out in the past on gravitational radiation outside the source, which strongly suggest that after a radiating period, the conditions for a return to a static case look rather forbidding. As we shall see, the reason for such a discrepancy resides in the fact that some elementary, but essential, physical properties of the source have been overlooked in these latter studies.

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16

GHOSH, S. G., and D. W. DESHKAR. "EXACT NONSPHERICAL RADIATING COLLAPSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 16n17 (July 10, 2007): 2945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07036270.

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We study the junction conditions for a nonspherical collapsing radiating star consisting of a shearing fluid undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. Radiation of the system is described by the plane symmetric version of the Vaidya solution. Junction conditions which match the collapse solutions to an exterior Vaidya metric show that, at the boundary, the pressure is proportional to the magnitude of the heat flow vector. Physical quantities, analogous to spherical symmetry related to the local conservation of momentum and surface redshift, are also obtained. Finally, exact gravitational collapse solutions, for both shear and shear-free cases, have been obtained by integrating a field equation.

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17

Prinzl, Marlies Gabriele. "Radiating Joy." Opticon1826, no. 14 (December 6, 2012): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/opt.av.

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18

Denton, Eric. "Radiating curiosity." Nature 336, no. 6196 (November 1988): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336274a0.

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19

Jiggins, Chris D. "Radiating genomes." Nature 513, no. 7518 (September 2014): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13742.

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20

ROUT, A. E. "Radiating bodies." Nature 347, no. 6293 (October 1990): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/347522b0.

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21

Parker, Robert Preston, and Dewey Potter. "Acoustic radiating." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (2010): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3359222.

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22

Chan, R., M. F. A. da Silva, Jaime F. Villas da Rocha, and Anzhong Wang. "Radiating gravastars." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no. 10 (October 11, 2011): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/10/013.

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23

Grøn, Øyvind. "Electrodynamics of Radiating Charges." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2012 (2012): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/528631.

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The theory of electrodynamics of radiating charges is reviewed with special emphasis on the role of the Schott energy for the conservation of energy for a charge and its electromagnetic field. It is made clear that the existence of radiation from a charge is not invariant against a transformation between two reference frames that has an accelerated motion relative to each other. The questions whether the existence of radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge with vanishing radiation reaction force is in conflict with the principle of equivalence and whether a freely falling charge radiates are reviewed. It is shown that the resolution of an electromagnetic “perpetuum mobile paradox” associated with a charge moving geodetically along a circular path in the Schwarzschild spacetime requires the so-called tail terms in the equation of motion of a charged particle.

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24

SCHLICKEISER, R. "COOLING OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN TEV BLAZARS: CLUES FROM MULTIWAVELENGTH SPECTRA." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 09 (September 2008): 1591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808013194.

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In powerful cosmic nonthermal radiation sources with dominant magnetic-field self generation, the generation of magnetic fields at almost equipartition strength by relativistic plasma instabilities operates as fast as the acceleration or injection of ultra-high energy radiating electrons and hadrons in these sources. Consequently, the magnetic field strength becomes time-dependent and adjusts itself to the actual kinetic energy density of the radiating electrons in these sources. This coupling of the magnetic field and the magnetic field energy density to the kinetic energy of the radiating particles changes both the intrinsic temporal evolution of the relativistic particle energy spectrum after injection and the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emissivities.

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25

AZIZ, A., and ALLAN D. KRAUS. "Optimum Design of Radiating and Convecting-Radiating Fins." Heat Transfer Engineering 17, no. 3 (July 1996): 44–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457639608939880.

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26

Bagrov, Vladislav, Anna Kasatkina, and Alexey Pecheritsyn. "Effective Angle of Synchrotron Radiation." Symmetry 12, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12071095.

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An exact analytical expression for the effective angle is determined for an arbitrary energy value of a radiating particle. An effective angle of instantaneous power is defined for synchrotron radiation in the framework of classical electrodynamics. This definition explicitly contains the most symmetric distribution of half the total of the instantaneous power of synchrotron radiation. Two exact analytical expressions for the effective angle are considered for the arbitrary energy values of a radiating particle, and the second expression brings to light the exact asymptotics of the effective angle in the ultrarelativistic limit.

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27

Guseva, A. A., and I. S. Grigor’Ev. "Mathematical simulation of aircraft engine jet exhausts radiation." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2018-4-30-36.

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The paper deals with the problems of mathematical simulation of aircraft engine jet exhausts radiation, the simulation being carried out by means of shader subroutines for the concurrent computation of the radiative transfer equation on the video card resources. The combination of an analytical model of an isobaric jet and ray tracing of computation of the radiative transfer equation allows us to develop a flexible model of aircraft jet radiation, the model taking into account the main parameters of streams in the jet and in the co-current flow, the spectral lines of the radiating components, and provides real-time computation. For the graphic implementation of the model, the OpenGL standard is used

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28

GHOSH, S. G., and D. W. DESHKAR. "NON-SPHERICAL COLLAPSE OF A RADIATING STAR." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 02 (February 2003): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803002433.

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We study the junction conditions for non-spherical (plane symmetric) collapsing radiating star consisting of a shearing fluid undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. Radiation of the system is described by plane symmetric Vaidya solution. Physical quantities relating to the local conservation of momentum and surface red-shift are also obtained.

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29

Zarnekow, Marc, Frank Ihlenburg, and Thomas Grätsch. "An Efficient Approach to the Simulation of Acoustic Radiation from Large Structures with FEM." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 28, no. 04 (September 14, 2020): 1950019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728519500191.

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A new efficient method for the simulation of sound radiation from large vibrating structures with the Finite Element Method (FEM) is proposed. The acoustic radiation from the major radiating panels is simulated separately for each panel, using customized fluid domains that are weakly coupled to the vibrating structure. Thereby, a significant reduction of the model order is achieved, maintaining at the same time a high reliability of results for practical application. The pressure levels at arbitrary far-field microphone positions can be efficiently computed from the Equivalent Radiated Power functions that characterize the structural vibrations of the radiating panels.

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30

Rammal, R., M. Lalande, E. Martinod, N. Feix, M. Jouvet, J. Andrieu, and B. Jecko. "Far-Field Reconstruction from Transient Near-Field Measurement Using Cylindrical Modal Development." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/798473.

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The aim of this work is to get far field radiation patterns for any radiating source from transient acquisition, in a large frequency range. An outdoor transient Ultra-Wideband near-field measurement base will be installed, a single time pulse radiated by the source will cover the desired spectrum, and the accurate determination of far field radiations will be accomplished by means of cylindrical waves' modal development. This method uses simplified test equipments, easy to be installed, and it reduces measurement costs.

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31

Ilinsky, Roman, and Andrey Ulyanov. "Fluence Rate in UV Photoreactor for Disinfection of Water: Isotropically Radiating Cylinder." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310720.

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The calculation of fluence rate in the photochemical reactor using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for disinfection of water for the case, when a cylinder of infinite length is used as a light source, has been considered. Such a cylinder is filled with an isotropically radiating medium. The dependence of the fluent rate on the diameter of the radiating cylinder has been analytically analyzed. The limiting case when the diameter of the radiating cylinder tends to zero has been considered and the notion of “effective interval” has been introduced. Based on this notion, the comparison of fluence rates for the cylinders of finite and infinite lengths has been performed. In the calculations of fluence rate, it is advisable to use the Chebyshev method for the operations of numerical integration.

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32

Dudek, Andrzej, Piotr Kanios, Kamil Staszek, Slawomir Gruszczynski, and Krzysztof Wincza. "Octave-Band Four-Beam Antenna Arrays with Stable Beam Direction Fed by Broadband 4 × 4 Butler Matrix." Electronics 10, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212712.

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A novel concept of four-beam antenna arrays operating in a one-octave frequency range that allows stable beam directions and beamwidths to be achieved is proposed. As shown, such radiation patterns can be obtained when radiating elements are appropriately spaced and fed by a broadband 4 × 4 Butler matrix with directional filters connected to its outputs. In this solution, broadband radiating elements are arranged in such a way that, for the lower and upper frequencies, two separate subarrays can be distinguished, each one consisting of identically arranged radiating elements. The subarrays are fed by a broadband Butler matrix at the output to which an appropriate feeding network based on directional filters is connected. These filters ensure smooth signal switching across the operational bandwidth between elements utilized at lower and higher frequency bands. Therefore, as shown, it is possible to control both beamwidths and beam directions of the resulting multi-beam antenna arrays. Moreover, two different concepts of the feeding network connected in between the Butler matrix and radiating elements for lowering the sidelobes are discussed. The theoretical analyses of the proposed antenna arrays are shown and confirmed by measurements of the developed two-antenna arrays consisting of eight and twelve radiating elements, operating in a 2–4 GHz frequency range.

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33

Tazawa, Masato, Gang Xu, and Sakae Tanemura. "Spectral selective radiating materials for direct radiative heating." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 84, no. 1-4 (October 2004): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2003.12.017.

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34

Aguirre, F., H. Hern�ndez, and L. A. N��ez. "Radiation hydrodynamics and Radiating Spheres in General Relativity." Astrophysics and Space Science 219, no. 2 (1994): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00628235.

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35

Chou, Yu-Ching. "A radiating Kerr black hole and Hawking radiation." Heliyon 6, no. 1 (January 2020): e03336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03336.

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36

Aquilano, R. "RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS AND RADIATING SPHERES IN GENERAL RELATIVITY." Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Physics. Mathematics 48, no. 1 (1999): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/phys.math.1999.1.05.

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37

CASADIO, R. "GAMMA-RAY BURSTS FROM GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 20 (August 10, 2002): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011801.

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A possible origin of gamma-ray bursts is the gravitational collapse of compact objects. A semiclassical analysis, which employs the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in order to treat gravity as classical while matter is quantized1, was first applied to homogeneous spheres of dust2,3 and (thick) non-radiating shells 4. We later derived an effective Lagrangian for (thin) radiating shells5 which allowed us to study the evolution of a self-gravitating shell of bosonic matter coupled to a scalar radiation field. We showed that the matter can form a condensate and the matter degrees of freedom are excited, because of the non-adiabaticity of the collapse, at the expense of gravitational energy4,6. Upon decaying back to the ground state, the excited matter energy is subsequently transferred to the radiation field. In fact, the system can convert large fractions of its gravitational energy into radiation and the time evolution of the radius of the shell is then significantly slowed down with respect to the non-radiating case. This provides a new mechanism to extract energy from collapsing matter which might play a role as a source of gamma-ray bursts.

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Ma, Zhong-Hua, Jia-Xiang Chen, Peng Chen, and Yan Feng Jiang. "Design of Planar Microstrip Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Loaded by Annular-Ring Slot." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (March 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6638096.

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A miniaturized planar microstrip circularly polarized ultrawideband (UWB) antenna loaded by annular-ring slot is proposed and implemented in the paper. With the annular-ring slot loaded in the radiating patch of the antenna, the side of the radiating patch is connected by the asymmetric inverted L-shaped microstrip. At the same time, a quarter of a circle is cut off from the radiating patch. The above designed structure shows improvements on the operating frequency band and realization of the circular polarization radiation. A tapered microstrip is placed between the feed line and the radiating patch to achieve the slow-changing impedance transformation. The results of simulation and measurement demonstrate that the 3 dB axial ratio (AR) fractional bandwidth of the antenna structure achieves 21.25%. The peak gain within the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth fluctuates between 3.74 and 4.59 dBi. The antenna shows good impedance matching in the ultrawideband range. With the compact structure of the UWB antenna, it has potential application in various wireless communication devices.

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Vyas, Paresh, and Nupur Srivastava. "Radiation Effects on Dissipative Magnetohydrodynamic Couette Flow in a Composite Channel." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 68, no. 8-9 (September 1, 2013): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2013-0038.

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This paper examines radiative thermal regime in dissipative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Couette flow in a composite parallel plate channel partially filled with a radiating fluid saturated porous medium and partially filled with a radiating clear fluid. The fluid is considered to be viscous, incompressible, optically dense, electrically conducting, and Newtonian. The radiative heat flux in the energy equation is assumed to follow the Rosseland approximation. Suitable matching conditions are used to match the momentum and thermal regimes in clear fluid and porous regions at the clear fluid-porous interface. The momentum and energy equations have closed form solutions. The effects of various parameters on the system are analyzed through graphs and tables.

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Kumar, Mullangi Vinod, and Dinesh Sharma. "Enhancement of Gain and Reduction of Backward Radiation Using Metasurface Antenna for Energy Harvesting Applications." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390241.

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A reflective metasurface technique is used to enhance the gain and reduction of backward radiation of an antenna. A normal metal slots is placed around the radiating patch to get the improved gain. Another metasurface antenna is placed with 10mm Gap from the radiating antenna to get the high radiation and enhanced directivity. A partial ground and line feeding with the conventional coplanar wave guide technique is used to improve the over all result. A rectifier circuit has been designed to harvest the electromagnetic energy to convert the DC output power. In the proposed model 8.1dB of Gain and -13.1dB of backward radiation with 2.82V of DC output power has been observed. The entire simulation and measurements has been done on HFSS and ADS software.

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41

Labiedh, Walid, Bessem Zitouna, Mohamed Tlig, and Jaleleddine Slama. "Analysis and Modeling of Film Capacitor Radiation Generic Radiating Model for the Rectangular Capacitors." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 4 (May 10, 2021): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360408.

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Capacitors are sources of EM field emissions whose characterization is crucial for electronic circuits EMC. This paper presents the modeling of equivalent radiating sources of rectangular film capacitors. It presents and analyses the magnetic near field measured above plastic and polyester capacitors. The measurements are then used by the inverse method to create a radiating source model for the capacitor. The results show a good agreement between the measured cartography and the one obtained when using radiating sources model. Finally, a generic radiating model is proposed for various types of rectangular film capacitors. The generic model is validated using the measurements on a rectangular capacitor. The suggested radiating model accelerates solving the inverse method. It can be used by circuit designers to optimize the placement of capacitors on the printed circuit board to reduce their coupling with other components of the studied system.

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42

Atalla, Noureddine, and Alain Berry. "Acoustic Radiation from a Coupled Planar Semi-Complex Structure in Heavy Fluid." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 03 (September 1, 1994): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.3.213.

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A mathematical model is derived to address the vibrations and sound radiation into a dense fluid, of a coupled system consisting of two semi-complex plates (i.e., supporting added mass, stiffeners, and having arbitrary elastic boundary conditions) linked in four points through multistage suspensions elements. The supporting plate is subjected to point, line or surface harmonic excitation, while the radiating plate is excited through the suspensions. Both plates are assumed to be baffled, and the radiating plate is fluid loaded. The model is based on a variational approach for the plates, and a matrix transfer approach is used to handle the coupling between the two-plates. The solution is found using a Rayleigh-Ritz expansion in terms of polynomial trial functions which are shown to allow for the arbitrary elastic boundary conditions and to facilitate the calculation of the radiation impedance matrix. The vibrations and noise design of the system is discussed. The main design indicators are the force transmissibilities between the different excitation and attachment points, the mean square velocity, the radiated power and the radiation efficiency of the radiating plate. Numerical examples are presented to show the effects of fluid loading and different design parameters (plates thickness, boundary conditions, added mass, stiffeners, etc.) on the radiated sound.

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Degl'Innocenti, Egidio Landi. "The Physics of Polarization." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S305 (December 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315004433.

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AbstractThe introductory lecture that has been delivered at this Symposium is a condensed version of an extended course held by the author at the XII Canary Island Winter School from November 13 to November 21, 2000. The full series of lectures can be found in Landi Degl'Innocenti (2002). The original reference is organized in 20 Sections that are here itemized: 1. Introduction, 2. Description of polarized radiation, 3. Polarization and optical devices: Jones calculus and Muller matrices, 4. The Fresnel equations, 5. Dichroism and anomalous dispersion, 6. Polarization in everyday life, 7. Polarization due to radiating charges, 8. The linear antenna, 9. Thomson scattering, 10. Rayleigh scattering, 11. A digression on Mie scattering, 12. Bremsstrahlung radiation, 13. Cyclotron radiation, 14. Synchrotron radiation, 15. Polarization in spectral lines, 16. Density matrix and atomic polarization, 17. Radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium equations, 18. The amplification condition in polarized radiative transfer, and 19. Coupling radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium equations.The introductory lecture delivered at the Symposium has covered the subjects itemized above with the exclusion of Sections 10, 11, 14, 18, and 19.

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Lukyanova, Ekaterina Mironovna. "Landscapes radiating happiness." Secreta Artis, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51236/2618-7140-2021-4-1-88-91.

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Litovsky, Roman N., and Faruk Halil Bursal. "ACOUSTIC PASSIVE RADIATING." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 6 (2012): 4087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4770392.

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Potter, Dewey. "Tweeter bidirectional radiating." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 1 (July 1989): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398270.

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Smaglik, Paul. "Radiating good will." Nature 414, no. 6861 (November 2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35104741.

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Brand, R. "Radiating the rectum!" American Journal of Gastroenterology 97, no. 1 (January 2002): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9270(01)04058-8.

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Bonnor, W. B., A. K. G. de Oliveira, and N. O. Santos. "Radiating spherical collapse." Physics Reports 181, no. 5 (October 1989): 269–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(89)90069-0.

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Glass, E. N. "Radiating collapse solutions." General Relativity and Gravitation 21, no. 7 (July 1989): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00759082.

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