Journal articles: 'Radiating surface'

1

Bayazitoglu, Y., and T. T. Lam. "Marangoni Convection in Radiating Fluids." Journal of Heat Transfer 109, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3248148.

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The onset of Marangoni convection driven by surface tension gradients in radiating fluid layers is studied. The system considered consists of a fluid layer of infinite horizontal extent which is confined between a free upper surface and a rigid isothermal lower surface. The radiative boundaries of black–black, mirror–mirror, and black–mirror are considered. The critical conditions leading to the onset of convective fluid motions in a microgravity environment are determined numerically by linear stability theory. The perturbation equations are solved as a Bolza problem in the calculus of variations. The results are presented in terms of the critical Marangoni number and optical thickness for a wide range of some radiative parameters, including the Planck number, nongrayness of the fluid, and the emissivity of the boundaries. It is found that radiation suppresses Marangoni convection during material processing in space.

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Yang, Chuan, Zongtao Zhu, and Qian Cheng. "Acoustic characteristics of standing waves in ultrasound-assisted laser–metal inert gas hybrid welding." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 01n03 (January 30, 2019): 1940028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219400289.

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We propose an ultrasound-assisted laser–metal inert gas hybrid welding process, where acoustic effects are introduced by applying ultrasonic vibration in the axial direction of the arc. We studied the acoustic characteristics in the space between the acoustic radiating and reflecting surfaces. Based on a simplified two-dimensional model, we used the finite-element method to study the influence of the height and inclination of the radiating surface on the acoustic characteristics. The simulated sound pressure distribution was highly sensitive to the height and inclination of the radiating surface. The sound pressure decreased as the height of the radiating surface increased from a maximum value at the resonance height, and decreased as the inclination of radiating surface increased. Experimental results of the detachment of a water droplet from a needle were consistent with the simulation results. We simulated the distribution of the standing-wave field under different radiating concave-sphere surfaces to evaluate the acoustic focusing effects. Both experimental and simulation results for ultrasonic standing-wave levitation of plastic beads revealed the concave-sphere shape to be optimal.

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Salomatov, Vasily, Evgeniy Puzyrev, and Vladimir Salomatov. "Unsteady radiative-convective heat transfer on a radiating surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 395 (November 26, 2012): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/395/1/012118.

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Prajapati, Pravin R., and Shailesh B. Khant. "Gain enhancement of UWB antenna using partially reflective surface." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 7 (March 22, 2018): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000326.

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AbstractThis paper proposes, a high gain, Fabry Perot cavity antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra wide band (UWB) radiating element. The proposed antenna has flat edge arrow shape-based radiating element, which act as a main radiating element and responsible for UWB radiation. This UWB microstrip antenna is parasitically coupled with an array of square parasitic patches (PPs), which act as partially reflective surface. The square patches are fabricated at the bottom of inexpensive FR4 substrate and suspended in the air with the help of dielectric rods at 1.5λ0 height. High gain is obtained by resonating PPs at near close frequencies of 3.8–8.8 GHz UWB, where partially reflective surface gives almost positive reflection phase gradients. Two laboratory prototypes of antenna, one with and another without partially reflective surface are fabricated and tested. Details of the proposed antenna design and role of partially reflective surface in gain enhancement of planar CPW fed UWB antenna are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed.

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Atashafrooz, M., and SA Gandjalikhan Nassab. "Simulation of three-dimensional laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward-facing step in a duct under bleeding condition." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212447657.

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This study presents a numerical analysis of three-dimensional laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward-facing step in a rectangular duct under bleeding condition. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium. The three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system is used to solve the governing equations which are the conservations of mass, momentum, and energy. These equations are solved numerically using the computational fluid dynamic techniques to obtain the temperature and velocity fields, while the blocked-off method is employed to simulate the incline surface. Discretized forms of these equations are obtained by the finite volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. Since the gas is considered as a radiating medium, besides the convective and conductive terms in the energy equation, the radiative term also presented. For computation of this term, the radiative transfer equation is solved numerically by the discrete ordinates method to find the divergence of radiative heat flux distribution inside the radiating medium. By this numerical procedure, the role of radiation heat transfer on convection flow of a radiating gas which has many engineering applications (for example in heat exchangers and combustion chambers) is studied in detail. Beside, the effects of bleeding coefficient, albedo coefficient, optical thickness, and the radiation–conduction parameter on heat transfer behavior of the system are investigated. Comparison of numerical results with the available data published in the open literature shows a good agreement.

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Yang, Doohyun, and Sangwook Nam. "Electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface antenna." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 6 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019011.

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An electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface (SMRS) antenna and its design procedure are investigated. The antenna is composed of capacitively modulated reactance surface whose profile is a sinusoidally varying form. This configuration generates a radiating leaky wave and the antenna's radiation pattern including beam angle and beamwidth can be controlled with different parameters of the modulated surface reactance of the SMRS period. A beamscanning characteristic of the capacitively modulated SMRS antenna is shown with the design procedure and the simulated results. Designed antenna was simulated using commercial EM tool and the result was well matched with the calculated main beam direction verifying the validity of design method. About 33° of beamcanning range was obtained with the center radiating angle of 45° at 9 GHz. Designed antenna showed reasonable input matching and efficiencies within beamscanning range of the antenna.

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Kulikovskiy, A. G., A. T. Il’ichev, A. P. Chugainova, and V. A. Shargatov. "On spontaneously radiating shock waves." Доклады Академии наук 487, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-5652487128-31.

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A solution representing the structure of a spontaneously radiating shock wave is constructed and its stability in the linear approximation is investigated. Linear waves of perturbations that can propagate through the structure and waves radiating into the flow region behind the structure are found, i.e. there are waves corresponding to the spontaneous radiation of perturbations by a shock wave considered as a discontinuity surface.

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Mit'ko, S. V., and V. N. Ochkin. "Dynamics of a radiating surface discharge." Journal of Russian Laser Research 17, no. 3 (May 1996): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02066543.

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GHOSH, S. G., and D. W. DESHKAR. "NON-SPHERICAL COLLAPSE OF A RADIATING STAR." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 02 (February 2003): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271803002433.

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We study the junction conditions for non-spherical (plane symmetric) collapsing radiating star consisting of a shearing fluid undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. Radiation of the system is described by plane symmetric Vaidya solution. Physical quantities relating to the local conservation of momentum and surface red-shift are also obtained.

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Babaelahi, Mojtaba, and Mohammad Reza Raveshi. "Analytical efficiency analysis of aerospace radiating fin." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 17 (March 11, 2014): 3133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214526963.

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The present article investigates heat transfer phenomenon in an aerospace radiating fin, analytically. Radiating extended surfaces are widely used to enhance heat transfer between primary surface and the environment. The performance of such a surface is significantly affected by variable thermal conductivity; especially in the case of large temperature differences happened in the actual aerospace applications. To study the effect of thermal conductivity variation, linear length-dependent function of thermal conductivity, is considered. In this study, two newest and popular analytical methods, differential transform method and optimal homotopy asymptotic method are used to evaluate the temperature profile and efficiency of radiating fin. For this purpose, after deriving and dimensionalizing the radiating fin heat transfer equation and briefly introducing these two methods, they are employed to solve the radiating fin problem. The obtained results are compared with the numerical ones to verify the accuracy of the proposed methods and choosing the better one between them, which is exclusive for this paper. Then, the effects of thermal conductivity and thermo-geometric radiating fin parameter on temperature profile and fin’s efficiency are completely discussed, which can help materials science researchers to design more compact and efficient radiating fin for using in aerospace and satellite applications.

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Wang, Feng, Dafang Wu, and Haoyuan Ren. "Research on Thermal Insulation Performance of Lightweight Thermal Protection Materials for High Speed Aircraft under Different Boundary Conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817902001.

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The determination of thermal insulation performance of thermal protection materials or structures is an indispensable and important step in the safety design of high speed flight vehicles. To obtain the temperature difference of the radiating surface for plate specimens under three different boundary conditions in heat insulation experiments (the specimens were placed either vertically or horizontally with the radiating surface facing down or horizontally with the radiating surface facing up), three thermal test setups were established to test the thermal insulation performance of light-weight ceramic specimens at different temperatures. The results show that the radiating surface temperature was the highest when the specimen was placed horizontally with the radiating surface facing down, while it was the lowest when the specimen was placed horizontally with the radiating surface facing up.The numerical calculation results agreed very well with the experimental ones, confirming the credibility and accuracy of the experimental results. The different thermal insulation performances of the plate specimens obtained under three different boundary conditions will provide important guidance for designers in the design of thermal protection systems for large cabins of high speed flight vehicles.

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GHOSH, S. G., and D. W. DESHKAR. "EXACT NONSPHERICAL RADIATING COLLAPSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 16n17 (July 10, 2007): 2945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07036270.

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We study the junction conditions for a nonspherical collapsing radiating star consisting of a shearing fluid undergoing radial heat flow with outgoing radiation. Radiation of the system is described by the plane symmetric version of the Vaidya solution. Junction conditions which match the collapse solutions to an exterior Vaidya metric show that, at the boundary, the pressure is proportional to the magnitude of the heat flow vector. Physical quantities, analogous to spherical symmetry related to the local conservation of momentum and surface redshift, are also obtained. Finally, exact gravitational collapse solutions, for both shear and shear-free cases, have been obtained by integrating a field equation.

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Gao, Pengfei, and Rui Yang. "Generating Different Polarized Multiple Vortex Beams at Different Frequencies from Laminated Meta-Surface Lenses." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010061.

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We demonstrate the generation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams with different radiating states at different frequencies through a laminated meta-surface lens consisting of a dual polarized meta-array interconnected with a frequency selective meta-array. The co-linearly polarized (LP) waves from the source can directly penetrate the meta-surface lens to form multiple OAM vortex beams at one frequency. On the other hand, the meta-surface lens will be capable of releasing the cross-LP counterparts at another frequency with high-efficient polarization conversions to have multiple OAM vortex radiations with different radiating directions and vortex modes. Our design, using laminated meta-surface lens to synthesize multiple OAM vortex beams with orthogonal polarizations at different frequencies, should pave the way for building up more advanced vortex beam communication system with expanded diversity of the meta-device.

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14

Ansaria, Amir, and Nassaba Gandjalikhan. "Forced convection of radiating gas over an inclined backward facing step using the blocked-off method." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110112132a.

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The present work investigates the laminar forced convection flow of a radiating gas over an inclined backward facing step (BFS) in a horizontal duct. The momentum and energy equations are solved numerically by the CFD techniques to obtain the velocity and temperature fields. Since, the twodimensional Cartesian coordinate system is used to solve the governing equations; the flow over inclined surface is simulated by considering the blocked-off region in regular grid. Discretized forms of the governing equations in the (x,y) plane are obtained by the control volume method and solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium. Therefore, all of the convection, conduction and radiation heat transfer mechanisms take place simultaneously in the gas flow. For computation of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) is solved numerically by the discrete ordinates method (DOM) to find the radiative heat flux distribution inside the radiating medium. In the numerical results, effects of inclination angle, optical thickness, scattering albedo and the radiation-conduction parameter on the heat transfer behavior of the convection flow are investigated. This research work is a new one in which a combined convection-radiation thermal system with a complex flow geometry is simulate by efficient numerical techniques.

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Kapil, Manoj, and Manish Sharma. "A Superwideband Monopole Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna with Dual Notched (Inverted T-Shaped Stub/U-Shaped Slit) Band Characteristics for Wireless Applications." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 4242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8507.

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In this research article, a compact MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) antenna with inclusion of two notched bands characteristics is presented. Designed MIMO antenna consist of dual radiating patches printed on one surface of the substrate which covers measured wide impedance bandwidth of 2.88 GHz–19.98 GHz and satisfies bandwidth ratio more than 10:1 for superwideband with compact size of 18 mm × 34 mm. Two radiating patch are placed symmetrically for MIMO configuration and notched bands to eliminate WiMAX/C and WLAN bands are obtained by attaching inverted T-shaped stub on radiating patch and etched inverted U-shape slit in microstrip feed. Isolation between the two radiating patch is maintained by adding two L-shaped stub in slotted rectangular ground plane. Measured radiation pattern are stable in operating band and offers maximum 4.23 dBi and 89% gain and radiation efficiency respectively. Moreover, antenna shows good diversity performance with Envelope-Correlation-Coefficient (ECC) < 0.5, Directive-Gain (DG) > 9.95 dB and Total-Active-Reflection Coefficient (TARC) < -30 dB.

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Maximov, Yu V., V. G. Merzlikin, O. V. Sidorov, A. A. Bekaev, and V. G. Sutugin. "Optical and thermal radiating characteristics of heat- insulated walls and elements of the high-speed diesel combustion chamber." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2010): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69682.

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The main objective of this research is the analysis of influence of optical and thermo radiating characteristics on the transient (steady state) temperature distributions inside the heat-insulating semitransparent (SHIC) и opaque (HIC) coatings for thermal regulation and control of walls and elements of the combustion chamber (СС) high speed diesel engines. Developed author's methodology of physical and mathematical simulation of parameters of the radiant and heat conductivity transfer was used to calculate optimal balance of optical and thermo radiating characteristics of coatings - as selectively absorbing and scattering materials with different transmittance, reflection and emittance depending on wavelength diapasons of irradiating or radiating heat fluxes. The paper presents a mathematical simulation of optimal balance of improved optical (transmittance, reflectance, absorption coefficients or absorption, scattering indexes) and thermo radiating (emittance coefficient) characteristics. It is considered the effect of the subsurface volumetric heating which at their display promotes decreasing of a surface overheating of coatings of the combustion chamber. It have been received by the numerical method temperature distributions for semitransparent heat-insulating coatings protecting metal substrate (CC wall) with different reflection of penetrating radiation by SHIC layer. It has been shown decreasing the surface temperature of SHIC in comparison with temperature of opaque HIC. The methods of improvement of thermal isolation of the combustion chamber with use heat-insulating coatings c are offered: 1) high volume reflection rλ > 60-80 % for thermal protection (barrier) against intensive radiation of red-hot soot particles of soot (λ ~ 0.7-2 μm) and 2) high surface emittance ελ > 80-90 % (λ >4- 5 μm) for counteraction convectional heat flux inside CС a diesel engine.

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Khmelev, Sergei S., Vladimir N. Khmelev, Roman N. Golykh, and Andrey V. Shalunov. "Technical Note. Development and Research of Concentrator-Sonotrode with Increased Radiating Surface." Archives of Acoustics 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2015-0015.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of studies on functional possibilities of the optimization of geometric sizes and the design development of specialized resonance concentrating link (concentrator-sonotrode) with enlarged radiating surface. Developed theoretical model allows to determine the value of longitudinal and transverse sizes of each part of concentrating link providing the achievement of required features of the ultrasonic vibrating systems (gain factor of the unit and its resonance frequency). To verify the efficiency of designed model, the geometric sizes of resonance concentrating link were determined using the finite-element complex, which showed that the disagreement did not exceed 10%. The efficiency of proposed model at the determining of size and resonance characteristics of concentrating link was proved by the experiments. Theoretical and experimental studies helped to optimize the size of concentrating link while the vi- brating system developed on its base enabled the enlargement of radiating surface without decreasing the radiation intensity for the realization of technologies of cavitation treatment of liquid media

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Yuen, W. W. "Development of a Network Analogy and Evaluation of Mean Beam Lengths for Multidimensional Absorbing/Isotropically Scattering Media." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910392.

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Based on Hottel’s zonal formulation, a network analogy is developed for the analysis of radiative transfer in general multidimensional absorbing/isotropically scattering media. Applying the analogy to the analysis of an isothermal medium and assuming that the incoming and outgoing flux density is homogeneous within the medium, the effect of scattering on the evaluation of mean beam lengths is illustrated. Two concepts of mean beam length, an absorption mean beam length (AMBL) and an extinction mean beam length (EMBL), are introduced and shown to be important for the analysis of radiative transfer in practical systems. Both mean beam lengths differ significantly from the conventional mean beam length in systems of moderate and large optical thickness. Relations between AMBL and EMBL and their limiting behavior are developed analytically. Numerical results for a sphere radiating to its surface and an infinite parallel slab radiating to one of its surfaces are presented to demonstrate quantitatively the mathematical behavior of the two mean beam lengths.

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Buday, A. G., A. P. Grinchuk, and A. V. Gromyko. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT OF HARDWARE-SOFTWARE COMPLEX OF MODULAR DESIGN FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTENNA SYSTEMS׳ CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEAR FIELD." Devices and Methods of Measurements 8, no. 2 (June 9, 2017): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-2-151-159.

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Measuring the amplitude-phase distribution of the radiation field of complex antenna systems on a certain surface close to the radiating aperture allows solving the problem of reconstructing the free-space diagram in the far field and also helps in determining the influence of various structural elements and defects of radiating surfaces on formation of directional diagram. The purpose of this work was to develop a universal hardware-software complex of a modular design aimed for determining the characteristics of wide range of antenna systems in respect of measurements of the amplitude-phase distribution of the radiation field in the near zone.The equations that connect the structure of radiation fields of the antenna system at various distances from it in planar, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems as well as structural diagrams of the hardware part of measuring complexes have been analyzed.As a result, the concept of constructing a universal hardware-software complex for measuring the radiation field of various types of antenna systems with any type of measurement surface for solving a wide range of applied problems has been developed. A modular structure of hardware and software has been proposed; it allows reconfiguring the complex rapidly in order to measure the characteristics of any particular antenna system at all stages of product development and testing, and also makes the complex economically accessible even for small enterprises and organizations.

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Hosseini, M. J., M. Gorji, and M. Ghanbarpour. "Solution of Temperature Distribution in a Radiating Fin Using Homotopy Perturbation Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/831362.

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Radiating extended surfaces are widely used to enhance heat transfer between primary surface and the environment. The present paper applies the homotopy perturbation to obtain analytic approximation of distribution of temperature in heat fin radiating, which is compared with the results obtained by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Comparison of the results obtained by the method reveals that homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is more effective and easy to use.

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Pikashov, V. S., L. N. Trotsenko, T. V. Vinogradova, and V. A. Velikodny. "STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF COVERINGS OF EXTENDED RADIATING PIPES ON THEM HEAT RADIATION, WHEN HEATING LARGE OBJECTS AND HEATING INDUSTRIAL ROOMS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2020.03.

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It is shown that for heating rooms and objects large in length and volume, the use of extended emitting pipes is most appropriate. A method for heating extended objects is described, in which the principle of radiation from radiating pipes with a length of more than 30 m is used in a garage-defroster of railway cars. The heating system of the garage-defroster includes a firebox-heat generator, long pipes of 90 m along the wagons, the control and instrumentation system A. The firebox and the control and instrumentation cabinets are installed in a separate room. The defrost system circuit is essentially a large emitter. The entire heat-radiating circuit is a closed system of direct and return pipes through which a low-temperature (300–400 °C) coolant circulates. The industrial operation of such a system at one of the Ukrainian factories has confirmed the advantages in comparison with the known defrosting systems: reliability, easy operation, high efficiency, safety and environmental friendliness, low capital costs, a minimum of instrumentation and automation, minimal thermal inertia. Ways of increasing the uniformity of temperature and heat radiation from pipes are considered: recirculation of the coolant in the working circuit and applying coatings with different emissivity to the pipe surface. So, with a recirculation rate of the coolant in the working circuit of the industrial defrosting system from 3 to 5, the temperature difference between the surface of the emitting pipes at the first and distant cars was 100 or more degrees. Therefore, cars that are closer to the coolant entrance to the system defrosted faster than others. Two new methods for controlling the radiation intensity of long pipes along their length are proposed: coating coatings with different emissivity on the surface of pipes and coating with maximum and minimum emissivity, which alternate between themselves, around the perimeter of the rings. The results of laboratory experiments on the dependence of the heat radiation of pipes on the methods of applying special coatings to them are shown, which showed that coating in a certain order allows you to change the nature of the distribution of temperatures and heat radiation on surrounding surfaces, significantly reducing their decrease along the length of the radiating pipe. Ref. 18, Fig. 4.

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Aziz, A., and Allan D. Kraus. "Transient Heat Transfer in Extended Surfaces." Applied Mechanics Reviews 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 317–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3005105.

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This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive, coherent, and methodical review of the existing literature on the transient performance of extended surfaces (fins). With the exception of very few experimental studies, the work described is theoretical involving either analytical approaches or numerical computations. For both longitudinal and radial convecting fins, the shapes analyzed include fins of rectangular, trapezoidal, concave parabolic, and convex parabolic profiles. The boundary conditions considered are those of time-dependent base temperature or time-dependent base heat flow, or time-dependent temperature of the fluid on the unfinned side of the primary surface. Other studies discussed consider the transient responses of radiating and convecting-radiating fins, fins with stochastic base temperature and fins in which conduction, natural convection, and radiation are coupled. The paper also provides an in-depth consideration of two-dimensional analyses of a cylindrical spine (pin fin) and a composite longitudinal fin. All of the important results pertaining to the transient effect in extended surfaces are presented and these effects are illustrated with several examples. The paper concludes with an attempt to identify future investigative efforts.

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Sarkissian, Angie. "Reconstruction of the surface acoustic field on radiating structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 2 (August 1992): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403953.

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Rao, Prasada, and Miguel A. Medina. "An improved radiating boundary equation for free surface flows." Applied Mathematics and Computation 132, no. 1 (October 2002): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0096-3003(01)00177-1.

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Dobrego, K. V., and S. A. Zhdanok. "Ignition of a radiating gas by an incandescent surface." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 26, no. 1 (1990): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00742265.

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Vokurka, Karel. "EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF TEMPERATURES IN SPARK GENERATED BUBBLES OSCILLATING IN WATER." Acta Polytechnica 57, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2017.57.0149.

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The surface temperatures of the plasma core in the final stages of the first contraction phase of spark-generated bubbles oscillating under ordinary laboratory conditions in a large expanse of water are determined experimentally. The measurement method is based on an analysis of the optical radiation from the bubbles and on the assumption that the plasma core is radiating as a black-body. It is found that the maximum surface temperatures of the plasma core range 4300–8700 K.

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Atalla, Noureddine, and Alain Berry. "Acoustic Radiation from a Coupled Planar Semi-Complex Structure in Heavy Fluid." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 03 (September 1, 1994): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.3.213.

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A mathematical model is derived to address the vibrations and sound radiation into a dense fluid, of a coupled system consisting of two semi-complex plates (i.e., supporting added mass, stiffeners, and having arbitrary elastic boundary conditions) linked in four points through multistage suspensions elements. The supporting plate is subjected to point, line or surface harmonic excitation, while the radiating plate is excited through the suspensions. Both plates are assumed to be baffled, and the radiating plate is fluid loaded. The model is based on a variational approach for the plates, and a matrix transfer approach is used to handle the coupling between the two-plates. The solution is found using a Rayleigh-Ritz expansion in terms of polynomial trial functions which are shown to allow for the arbitrary elastic boundary conditions and to facilitate the calculation of the radiation impedance matrix. The vibrations and noise design of the system is discussed. The main design indicators are the force transmissibilities between the different excitation and attachment points, the mean square velocity, the radiated power and the radiation efficiency of the radiating plate. Numerical examples are presented to show the effects of fluid loading and different design parameters (plates thickness, boundary conditions, added mass, stiffeners, etc.) on the radiated sound.

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Imtiaz Ahmad and E. E. Khawaja. "Passive Cooling of Surfaces." Scientific Inquiry and Review 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/sir/21/020102.

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Radiative cooling of surfaces without applying an energy source has been suggested in the literature. The basis for radiative cooling is the infrared transmittance of the atmosphere. The spectral transparency (i.e. low absorption) of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 8 to 13 μm is generally termed the atmospheric window. If the humidity and cloudiness are low, then the downward thermal radiation from the atmosphere in the spectral region of the atmospheric window are expected to be low. A temperature between 15 oC and 25 oC below ambient temperature has been achieved as a result of radiative cooling.Spectrally selective radiating material, which is defined as a material with high emittance in the spectral region of the atmospheric window and high reflectance in the rest of the spectral range, can be used as an essential means in a sky radiator for passive cooling of the material. Silicon monoxide film on highly reflective substrate (aluminum coated glass) was used in the present work. It was found that the temperature of the thin film surface was about 12 oC lower than that of ambient temperature under suitable condition of radiative cooling. Cooling is expected to be more efficient in performance if it is carried out in desert places.

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Korochentsev, Vladimir, Wei Xue, Gennadiy Shabanov, Artem Em, and Yuliya Shpak. "Interaction of electromagnetic waves in an ice layer." E3S Web of Conferences 127 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912702011.

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A mathematical model for spherical wave propagation near an ice layer has been developed. The proposed mathematical model is based on the directed Green’s functions with boundary conditions with irregular angles. Based on the suggested model, we analyzed a field of a point directed source radiating electromagnetic waves in two cases: the source is in the air and is radiating waves along the marine ice surface; the source is in the ice layer and radiating waves. Results of the modeling for different frequencies and different ice thickness are described. It was shown that wave amplitude increases by about two times inside the ice if compared to free space. Electromagnetic wave propagating along marine ice surface increases by 50% compared to the wave propagating in free space.

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Bischof, Grace, Brittney A. Cooper, and John E. Moores. "A Record of Water-ice Clouds at the Phoenix Landing Site Derived from Modeling MET Temperature Data." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac649e.

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Abstract Water-ice clouds were frequently detected throughout the 151-sol Phoenix mission by the Phoenix lidar, providing insight into the Martian water cycle. However, the lidar could not be used continuously, and as such, the cloud data were temporally constrained to when observations were acquired. Here we reconstruct a record of water-ice clouds at the Phoenix landing site by examining the radiative contribution made by the clouds to the surface energy balance. This is accomplished by modeling the data from the 2 m MET air temperature sensor on board the lander. Clouds radiating from 0 and 30 W m−2 of energy toward the surface are consistent with the MET record over the course of the mission. The additional longwave flux at the surface induced a warming of the surface and near-surface temperatures, usually between 1–3 K; however, the clouds showed a high degree of sol-to-sol variability. This radiative analysis indicates that clouds were present much earlier in the mission than previously known, and cloud emission reached a maximum near sol 90, consistent with analyses of the annular cloud at the Phoenix landing site. The modeled flux from clouds was compared to the water-ice optical depth retrieved from the Phoenix lidar, showing that optically thicker clouds emitted more radiation toward the surface.

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Tang, Wenxuan, and Tie Jun Cui. "The engineering way from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiations." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 6 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019007.

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In recent years, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been investigated at microwave and THz frequencies for engineering purpose. Due to momentum mismatch, the SPP mode cannot be directly converted from the spatial mode, and vice versa. Stimulating schemes have been developed to transform spatial waveguide modes to SPP modes with high efficiency. On the other hand, the question may arise that, is it possible to transform the propagating SPP waves to directive radiating waves for wireless communication? In view of this, this paper introduces the new-concept antennas based on spoof SPPs at microwave frequencies. Methods of transforming SPP modes to radiating modes are studied, whilst a series of antenna designs are presented and discussed. Feeding networks for antenna arrays using SSPP TLs are also investigated. Most works reviewed in this paper are fulfilled at Southeast University in China.

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Amanatiadis, Stamatios, Theodoros Zygiridis, and Nikolaos Kantartzis. "Radiation Efficiency Enhancement of Graphene Plasmonic Devices Using Matching Circuits." Technologies 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9010004.

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In the present work, the radiation properties of a graphene plasmonic patch antenna are investigated and enhanced in terms of efficiency, utilizing circuit-matching techniques. Initially, the reflection coefficient of graphene surface waves due to discontinuities is studied, while the power flow towards free-space is numerically extracted. This analysis indicates that the radiated power is increased for higher values of the chemical potential, although the surface wave is weakly confined and prone to degradation due to interference. For this reason, a graphene sheet that supports strongly confined surface waves is terminated via a matching layer, in order to enhance the radiating power. In particular, the matching layer consists of an appropriately selected larger chemical potential value, in order to minimize the reflection coefficient and boost the radiation performance. The numerical investigation of this setup validates the upgraded performance, since the radiating power is significantly increased. Then, a realistic setup that includes a graphene patch antenna is examined numerically, proving the augmentation of the radiation efficiency when the matching layer is utilized. Finally, the latter is designed with a graded increment in the chemical potential, and the computational analysis highlights the significant enhancement of the graphene plasmonic antenna gain towards the desired direction. Consequently, a more reliable framework for wireless communications between plasmonic devices at THz frequencies is established, which corresponds to the practical significance of the proposed methodology for improved radiation efficiency. All numerical results are extracted by means of an efficient modification of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) scheme, which models graphene accurately.

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Karilainen, Antti O., Joni Vehmas, Olli Luukkonen, and Sergei A. Tretyakov. "High-Impedance-Surface-Based Antenna With Two Orthogonal Radiating Modes." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2130508.

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Sarkissian, Angie. "Broadband holographic reconstruction of the surface field on radiating structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, S1 (November 1990): S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2028764.

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35

Spicer, James B. "Dynamic, surface displacement measurements using a proximate, radiating electric dipole." AIP Advances 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 015114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115126.

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Nassar, Ibrahim T., Thomas M. Weller, and Craig P. Lusk. "Radiating Shape-Shifting Surface Based on a Planar Hoberman Mechanism." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 5 (May 2013): 2861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2243094.

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Kandasamy, Anguraj, Saravanakumar Rengarasu, Praveen Kitti Burri, Satheeshkumar Palanisamy, K. Kavin Kumar, Aruna Devi Baladhandapani, and Samson Alemayehu Mamo. "Defected Circular-Cross Stub Copper Metal Printed Pentaband Antenna." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6009092.

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A pentaband antenna is presented based on the conducting copper material printed on an FR4 substrate for the applications operating in the Gigahertz frequencies. The antenna has a substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4. The conducting copper is printed on the FR4 substrate acting as the radiating element and ground. The antenna radiating element has a defected circular structure with a cross stub. The proposed structure is operating at 2.64 GHz, 4.87 GHz, 7.86 GHz, 10.74 GHz, and 13.67 GHz. The antenna is simulated using CST software. The antenna is fabricated and validated with the measurement of return loss. The antenna simulated results like surface current distribution, gain, directivity, and radiation pattern prove that the proposed structure with its compact size is the right candidate for the GHz application.

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Sharma, Satish K., and Mukund R. Thyagarajan. "Performance Comparison of Symmetric and Offset Reflector Antennas Adaptively Illuminated by Novel Triple Mode Feedhorn." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/870318.

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Parabolic symmetric and offset reflector antennas adaptively illuminated using a novel triple-mode feedhorn (TE11+TM01+TE21) with different mode combinations and impedance and radiation performances are presented. The combination of the radiating modes in a feedhorn with proper amplitude and fixed phase values helps in electronically pointing the main beam of the radiating patterns such as that obtained in a beam-steering antenna with limited beam-scan range. This type of radiation performance virtually creates a displaced phase center location for the feedhorn, which, consequently, adaptively illuminates the reflector antenna surface. Impedance-matching bandwidths are preserved for both reflector antennas similar to the case of feedhorn alone. The copolarization gain and peak cross-polarization levels are far better with the offset reflector antenna than the symmetric reflector antenna. Such reflector antennas find applications in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) and space based radars. The investigation results are solely computed using FEKO full-wave analysis tool.

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Wang, Q. J., H. Wang, Z. H. Zhou, J. Zuo, and C. L. Zhang. "The split-off terahertz radiating dipoles on thermally reduced α-V2O5 (001) surface." Nanoscale 12, no. 41 (2020): 21368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03889j.

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Ha, Chu Viet, J. C. Brochon, and Tran Hong Nhung. "Influence of Surface Plasmon Resonance on Fluorescence Emission of Dye-doped Nanoparticles." Communications in Physics 24, no. 3S2 (April 20, 2016): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/24/3s2/5057.

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The influence of the surface plasmon of gold nanoparticles on the optical properties of the fluorescent nanoparticles in aqueous solution have been investigated. The fluorescence of nanoparticles can be enhanced or quenched in the presence of gold nanoparticles depending on the domination of energy transfer mechanisms: radiating surface plasmon coupling emission or F\"{o}rster energy transfer from fluorescent particles to gold particles, which exciting absorbing plasmon. The fluorescence enhancement or quenching is attributed to the increase or decrease of radiative recombination rates, respectively. The parameters of the energy transfer between fluorescent nanoparticles (dye molecules encapsulated in silica nanoparticles) and nano golds have been estimated. The results show that the interactions between nanoparticles depend on the size of both fluorophores (as donors) and gold nanoparticles (as acceptors).

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Schroeder, A., H. D. Bruens, and C. Schuster. "Efficient Compression of Far Field Matrices in Multipole Algorithms based on Spherical Harmonics and Radiating Modes." Advanced Electromagnetics 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v1i2.24.

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This paper proposes a compression of far field matrices in the fast multipole method and its multilevel extension for electromagnetic problems. The compression is based on a spherical harmonic representation of radiation patterns in conjunction with a radiating mode expression of the surface current. The method is applied to study near field effects and the far field of an antenna placed on a ship surface. Furthermore, the electromagnetic scattering of an electrically large plate is investigated. It is demonstrated, that the proposed technique leads to a significant memory saving, making multipole algorithms even more efficient without compromising the accuracy.

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PANCHENKO, Valery V. "AIR-RADIANT HEATING ON THE BASIS OF A TWO-FLOW HEAT GENERATOR WITH INFRARED EMITTERS." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.01.7.

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A scheme of a radiant heating regenerative system on the basis of a two-fl ow heat generator, and system and form of heat-radiating air ducts is proposed. It is shown that the system of radiant heating is more effi cient as compared to the conventional convection system. Traditionally, the convective scheme of heating is used wherein radiators installed near the fl oor are used. Water serves as the working fl uid in the radiators. The proposed radiant heating regenerative system is based on the transfer of heat in the form of infrared electromagnetic radiation. An effi cient two-fl ow heat generator with infrared emitt ers has been developed, which gives off heat only from the radiating surface of heat exchangers. This system allows you to reduce investment, operating costs and improve the effi ciency of the heating system.

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Liu, Leilei, Jian Wang, Xiaoxing Yin, and Zhi Chen. "Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Using Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Structure." Electronics 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120348.

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This paper proposes a wide-angle beam scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) fed by a novel spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) transmission line (TL). In the proposed LWA, circular metallic patches are periodically loaded on both sides of the SSPP TL alternately, and convert guided waves into radiating waves. The transmission characteristics of the proposed SSPP TL are analyzed, and the transmission characteristics and radiation patterns of the proposed LWA are simulated and measured. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed LWA provides approximately 12.5 dBi of radiation gain within a frequency range of 8–24 GHz, and a beam scanning range of 90° from forward to backward continuously by increasing the feeding frequency. The proposed LWA, based on a novel SSPP TL, has advantages of single-layer conductor, continuous wide-angle beam scanning, and high gain especially at the broadside direction, which are difficult realize using conventional LWAs.

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Larsen, M. E., and J. R. Howell. "The Exchange Factor Method: An Alternative Basis for Zonal Analysis of Radiating Enclosures." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247524.

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In zonal analysis of an enclosure containing a radiatively participating medium, the volume and bounding surface are divided into volume and area elements which are assumed to be isothermal. For a system of M elements consisting of N surfaces and Γ volume elements (M = N + Γ), M2 relationships (direct- or total-exchange areas of conventional zonal analysis) define all possible radiant interchange between element pairs. Due to reciprocity there are at most M(M + 1)/2 unique direct-exchange areas. The use of symmetry may greatly reduce the number of unique exchange areas. In the alternative form presented, exchange factors are defined such that a gray medium’s gas-to-gas exchange factors describe only the redistribution of radiative source terms. Only surface-to-surface and surface-to-gas (gas-to-surface) relationships are required to wholly define the system in radiative equilibrium. That is, a system in radiative equilibrium may be characterized by as many as Γ(Γ + 1)/2 fewer factors. These same exchange factors may be augmented by gas-to-gas exchange factors to analyze media not in radiative equilibrium. In an isotropically scattering, gray medium, exchange factors are functions of system geometry and total extinction only. The degree of extinction due to scattering does not affect exchange factors. Transformations between direct-exchange areas and exchange factors are developed.

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Bano, Nasreen, Oluwole Daniel Makinde, B. B. Singh, and Shoeb R. Sayyed. "Radiation Effect on Heat and Mass Transfer by Natural Convection from a Horizontal Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium." Diffusion Foundations 16 (June 2018): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.16.140.

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This paper deals with the study of the heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection from a horizontalsurface embedded in a radiating fluid saturated porous medium. Similarity solutions for buoyancy induced heat and masstransfer from a horizontal surface, where the wall temperature and concentration are a power function of distance fromthe origin, are obtained by using an integral approach of Von Karman type. The effects of the governing parameters suchas buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, radiation parameter and the power-law exponent on local Nusselt and local Sherwoodnumbers have been investigated both numerically and graphically.

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Kandwal, Abhishek, Zedong Nie, Jingzhen Li, Yuhang Liu, Louis WY. Liu, and Ranjan Das. "Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Endfire Radiating Open-Ended Waveguide Using Thin Surface Plasmon Structure." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050504.

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This paper proposes a technique to enhance the bandwidth and gain of an endfire radiating open-ended waveguide using a thin slow-wave surface plasmon structure. Mounted in the E-plane of the stated waveguide, a thin corrugated slow-wave structure has been used in conjunction with a waveguide transition to generate an endfire electromagnetic beam. An efficient mode conversion from waveguide transition to the corrugate plate resulted in the improved performance of the design. An impedance bandwidth from 8 GHz to 18 GHz has been achieved along with a gain enhancement from 7 dBi to 14.8 dBi using the proposed hybrid design. Endfire radiations have been obtained with a beam width of less than 25° through the proposed hybrid design with an efficiency of about 96 percent.

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BAEK, S., and C. LEE. "Heat transfer in a radiating medium between flame and fuel surface." Combustion and Flame 75, no. 2 (February 1989): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90093-x.

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Baker, Gregory R., Daniel I. Meiron, and Steven A. Orszag. "Generalized vortex methods for free surface flow problems. II: Radiating waves." Journal of Scientific Computing 4, no. 3 (September 1989): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061057.

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TCHEREMISKINE, V. I., M. L. SENTIS, M. P. SABONNADIERE, and L. D. MIKHEEV. "A POWERFUL SOURCE OF BROADBAND VUV RADIATION BASED ON A MULTICHANNEL SLIDING DISCHARGE." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 01 (February 2002): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02002786.

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A powerful source of broadband UV-VUV radiation is developed on the base of a multichannel sliding discharge. The discharge having a radiating surface of hundreds of cm 2 is initiated simultaneously along several dozens of parallel linear channels located close to each other. The design of the discharge electric circuit allows a remarkably fast energy deposition into plasma: up to 4 kJ during 1.5 μs. Absolute measurements of discharge VUV radiation are performed by the method of spectrally selective dynamic actinometry. The total photon flux produced by the source within the spectral range of 120–200 nm reaches 1026 photons/s.

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Islam, Md Moinul, Rabah Wasel Aldhaheri, Muntasir Mohammad Sheikh, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Md Samsuzzaman, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, and Norbahiah Misran. "Microstrip line-fed monopole antenna on an epoxy-resin-reinforced woven-glass material for super wideband applications." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 3 (May 1, 2017): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0156.

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AbstractA microstrip line-fed monopole antenna is proposed for super wideband (SWB) applications printed on an epoxy-resin-reinforced woven-glass material. The reported SWB antenna has been made of a rectangular partial ground plane with an L-type slit and a heart-shaped radiating patch. This antenna is connected precisely by a tapered feed line that provides SWB greater than ultra-wideband. The heart-shaped radiating patch and the partial ground plane containing a gap and an L-type slit on ground plane also play paramount roles to procure wide impedance bandwidth. It is determined from measurements that this antenna contains SWB characteristic [voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤2] spanning from 1.30 to 40 GHz (187.41%), with a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 5544.66 and a ratio bandwidth of 30.77:1. Simple construction, sharp surface current flow, much impedance bandwidth, nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns, stable peak gain (2.20–6.06 dBi), time domain performance, and considerable BDR (5544.66) make it a promising candidate for SWB applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiating surface'

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