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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiating elements'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 September 2022

Last updated: 28 September 2022

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1

Akdagli, Ali, and Abdurrahim Toktas. "Design of wideband orthogonal MIMO antenna with improved correlation using a parasitic element for mobile handsets." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 1 (September 15, 2014): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001263.

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In this paper, a novel design of compact wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna operating over a frequency range of 1.8–4.0 GHz at 10 dB is presented for mobile terminals. The MIMO antenna design consists of two symmetrical and orthogonal radiating elements with a small size of 15.5 × 16.5 mm2 printed on the corners of a mobile circuit board. The radiating element is composed of four meandered monopole branches with a strip-line fed by a probe. By triangularly trimming the corners of the common ground plane beneath the radiating elements, not only the mutual coupling is reduced, but also impedance bandwidth is increased. Although, the antenna in this form has sufficient correlation level between the radiating elements for MIMO operation, a novel design of plus-shaped parasitic element is inserted to the ground plane between those radiating elements in order to further enhance the isolation. The performance of the MIMO antenna is investigated in terms of s-parameters, radiation pattern, gain, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and is verified through the measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed MIMO antenna has good characteristics of wideband, isolation, gain, radiation pattern, and is compatible with LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN, besides it is small, compact, and embeddable in mobile terminals.

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2

Dudek, Andrzej, Piotr Kanios, Kamil Staszek, Slawomir Gruszczynski, and Krzysztof Wincza. "Octave-Band Four-Beam Antenna Arrays with Stable Beam Direction Fed by Broadband 4 × 4 Butler Matrix." Electronics 10, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212712.

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A novel concept of four-beam antenna arrays operating in a one-octave frequency range that allows stable beam directions and beamwidths to be achieved is proposed. As shown, such radiation patterns can be obtained when radiating elements are appropriately spaced and fed by a broadband 4 × 4 Butler matrix with directional filters connected to its outputs. In this solution, broadband radiating elements are arranged in such a way that, for the lower and upper frequencies, two separate subarrays can be distinguished, each one consisting of identically arranged radiating elements. The subarrays are fed by a broadband Butler matrix at the output to which an appropriate feeding network based on directional filters is connected. These filters ensure smooth signal switching across the operational bandwidth between elements utilized at lower and higher frequency bands. Therefore, as shown, it is possible to control both beamwidths and beam directions of the resulting multi-beam antenna arrays. Moreover, two different concepts of the feeding network connected in between the Butler matrix and radiating elements for lowering the sidelobes are discussed. The theoretical analyses of the proposed antenna arrays are shown and confirmed by measurements of the developed two-antenna arrays consisting of eight and twelve radiating elements, operating in a 2–4 GHz frequency range.

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3

Bossut, Regis, and Jean‐Noël Decarpigny. "Finite element modeling of radiating structures using dipolar damping elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 4 (October 1989): 1234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398737.

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4

Sautbekov, S. S., K. Yu Sirenko, Yurii Konstantinovich Sirenko, and A. P. Yevdokymov. "DIFFRACTION ANTENNAS. SYNTHESIS OF RADIATING ELEMENTS." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 77, no. 11 (2018): 925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v77.i11.10.

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5

Manshadi, F. "End-loaded crossed-slot radiating elements." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 39, no. 8 (1991): 1237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.97363.

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6

Tarot, A. C., A. Sharaiha, C. Terret, and Y. Ganier. "New technology to realize printed radiating elements." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 9, no. 1 (May 1995): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650090103.

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7

Fusco, V. F., and H. O. Burns. "Synthesis procedure for active integrated radiating elements." Electronics Letters 26, no. 4 (1990): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19900175.

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8

Azima, Henry. "Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 1 (2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1500894.

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9

Azima, Henry. "Loudspeakers with panel-form acoustic radiating elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 4 (2002): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1520915.

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10

Azima, Henry. "Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 6 (2002): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1492911.

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11

Chen, Li-Yan, Wei-Si Zhou, Jing-Song Hong, and Muhammad Amin. "A Compact Eight-port CPW-fed UWB MIMO Antenna with Band-notched Characteristic." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350806.

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A compact eight-port coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with band-notched characteristics in a small size of 54×54×0.8 mm3 is proposed in this paper. The eight-port MIMO antenna consists of four two-port MIMO antennas. For each two-port MIMO antenna, two monopole antenna elements are printed on the FR4 substrate and placed perpendicularly to each other. To increase impedance bandwidth and improve the isolation, a stub is positioned in the middle of two radiating elements. The band-notched characteristic are achieved by etching two L-shaped resonator slots on each radiating elements, respectively. The S11 reflection coefficients, coupling isolation, radiation patterns, peak gain and radiation efficiencies of the MIMO antenna are measured. The MIMO performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed and evaluated by the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC).

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12

Goyal, Ravi Kumar, and Uma Shankar Modani. "The Four-Element MIMO Antenna Design with Low Mutual Coupling at 28 GHz for 5G Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d3457.0411422.

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in this contribution, a MIMO micro strip patch antenna with four radiating elements is designed3 at 28 GHz. The designed antenna has a very low isolation loss between radiating antenna elements. The MIMO antenna is simulated using the CST Microwave simulator. The measurement results are also shown in this paper. Both simulation and measurement results are studied to analyze the performance of the antenna. The MIMO patch antenna features such as, return loss, VSWR, gain, beam-width and radiation pattern are analyzed at a center frequency of 28 GHz. The isolation loss between the MIMO antenna elements is investigated experimentally with inter-element spacing of 3 mm. The envelope correlation coefficients among the elements, the mean effective gains, the efficiencies are also discussed. The designed antenna is planner, compact and thin so it is applicable for 5G handset.

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13

Mustapha, S. A., S. M. Sani, and K. A. Abu-Bilal. "Optimization of sparse randomly spaced linear antenna array using hybrid iteratively reweighted least squares." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i2.16.

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Uniformly Spaced Antenna Array (USAA) with large radiating elements is characterized with complex feed network as well as high sidelobes level (SLL) leading to interference and power wastage. To solve these problems, research works have been carried out using different methodologies, to synthesize sparse Randomly Spaced An- tenna Array (RSAA) to reconstruct the desired radiation pattern using fewer radiating elements and suppressed SLL. In this paper, a deterministic Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) algorithm based on the concept of compressed sensing was used to achieve better sparsity through thinning. The SLL was also suppressed using Convex Technique (CT). The performance of the synthesized array was evaluated in terms of sparsity and SLL. Simulation results showed that it has a higher sparsity of 12 elements with SLL of -39.44dB which are 14.29% and 28.72% improvements, respectively compared to previous research work with 14 elements and SLL of -30.64dB.

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14

Chung, B. T. F., and B. X. Zhang. "Optimization of Radiating Fin Array Including Mutual Irradiations Between Radiator Elements." Journal of Heat Transfer 113, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911208.

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The present study develops a new approach to minimize the weight of a radiating straight fin array so that the whole system of the fin array is optimized by minimizing the weight of the individual fin, which is subjected to radiation interaction with adjacent fins and base. The obtained system has the minimum weight possible, and also yields the best shape of the individual fins for a given total heat dissipation and uniform base temperature. Based on the present analysis, the optimum number of fins in a fin array is obtained.

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15

Barani, Navid, James F. Harvey, and Kamal Sarabandi. "Fragmented Antenna Realization Using Coupled Small Radiating Elements." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 4 (April 2018): 1725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2806397.

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16

Maximov, Yu V., V. G. Merzlikin, O. V. Sidorov, A. A. Bekaev, and V. G. Sutugin. "Optical and thermal radiating characteristics of heat- insulated walls and elements of the high-speed diesel combustion chamber." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2010): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69682.

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The main objective of this research is the analysis of influence of optical and thermo radiating characteristics on the transient (steady state) temperature distributions inside the heat-insulating semitransparent (SHIC) и opaque (HIC) coatings for thermal regulation and control of walls and elements of the combustion chamber (СС) high speed diesel engines. Developed author's methodology of physical and mathematical simulation of parameters of the radiant and heat conductivity transfer was used to calculate optimal balance of optical and thermo radiating characteristics of coatings - as selectively absorbing and scattering materials with different transmittance, reflection and emittance depending on wavelength diapasons of irradiating or radiating heat fluxes. The paper presents a mathematical simulation of optimal balance of improved optical (transmittance, reflectance, absorption coefficients or absorption, scattering indexes) and thermo radiating (emittance coefficient) characteristics. It is considered the effect of the subsurface volumetric heating which at their display promotes decreasing of a surface overheating of coatings of the combustion chamber. It have been received by the numerical method temperature distributions for semitransparent heat-insulating coatings protecting metal substrate (CC wall) with different reflection of penetrating radiation by SHIC layer. It has been shown decreasing the surface temperature of SHIC in comparison with temperature of opaque HIC. The methods of improvement of thermal isolation of the combustion chamber with use heat-insulating coatings c are offered: 1) high volume reflection rλ > 60-80 % for thermal protection (barrier) against intensive radiation of red-hot soot particles of soot (λ ~ 0.7-2 μm) and 2) high surface emittance ελ > 80-90 % (λ >4- 5 μm) for counteraction convectional heat flux inside CС a diesel engine.

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17

EVERSMAN, WALTER. "A REFLECTION FREE BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR PROPAGATION IN UNIFORM FLOW USING MAPPED INFINITE WAVE ENVELOPE ELEMENTS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 08, no. 01 (March 2000): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x00000030.

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Variable order mapped infinite wave envelope elements are developed for finite element modeling of acoustic radiation in a uniformly moving medium. These elements are used as a nonreflecting boundary condition for computations on an infinite domain in which a radiating body is immersed in a moving medium which is essentially undisturbed outside of the near field. The mapped elements provide a boundary condition equivalent to element stiffness, mass, and damping matrices appended to an inner standard FEM mesh. A demonstration of the performance of mapped elements as influenced by element order is given in the context of acoustic radiation from a turbofan inlet and exhaust.

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18

MARBURG, STEFFEN, and SIA AMINI. "CAT'S EYE RADIATION WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TREATMENT OF IRREGULAR FREQUENCIES." Journal of Computational Acoustics 13, no. 01 (March 2005): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x05002566.

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This paper reviews a number of techniques developed to overcome the well-known nonuniqueness problem in boundary integral formulations of acoustic radiation. Although the problem has received much attention, comparative studies are hardly known in this field. Furthermore, the problem has often been studied using an unsuitable example, namely a simple radiating sphere. In this case, often the addition of one collocation point in the centre of the sphere suffices to remove the nonuniqueness problem for a large range of wavenumbers. In contrast to the radiating sphere, the radiating cat's eye structure is considered in this paper. Solution of the discretized ordinary Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral equation, also known as the Surface Helmholtz Equation, reveals a large number of so-called irregular frequencies, i.e. frequencies where the BEM fails. The paper compares the performance of different methods in alleviating this failure. The CHIEF method and its variation due to Rosen et al. are found to encounter difficulties at high frequencies. A much better performance is obtained by combining the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral equation with its normal derivative. In particular the method of Burton and Miller and a modification of it which avoids evaluating the hypersingular operator at nonsmooth points are tested. Both methods seem to provide reliable solutions. The modified method encounters minor failures in the frequency response function at a geometric singularity, although performing surprisingly well in many cases. More tests need to be carried out to assess fully the effectiveness of this method which allows easy use of continuous quadratic elements. However, it is the Burton and Miller formulation which appears to be the most reliable for acoustic radiation analysis. The use of CHIEF and its variations cannot be recommended.

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19

Sharma, Manish, Prem Chand Vashist, Ibrahim Alsukayti, Nitin Goyal, Divya Anand, and Amir H. Mosavi. "A Wider Impedance Bandwidth Dual Filter Symmetrical MIMO Antenna for High-Speed Wideband Wireless Applications." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010029.

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This research article reports a compact fractal 4 × 4 UWB extended bandwidth MIMO antenna with physical dimensions of 44 × 44 mm2 for high-speed wireless applications. The reported antenna comprises four fractal radiating elements that are symmetrical and placed orthogonal to each other with a respective rectangular ground printed on the opposite plane. A higher isolation is achieved between the radiating elements by the placement of a fractal patch orthogonally and no separate decoupling structure is required. The antenna offers a −10 dB transmission capacity of 2.84–15.88 GHz. The fractal radiating element, which is embedded by an inverted T-type stub placed within a rectangular slot and an etched rotated C-type slot, provides band-stop filters for WiMAX (Worldwide inter-operability for Microwave Access) and WLAN (wireless local area network)-interfering bands. The key parameters of diversity performance are compared by simulation and measurement (fabricated prototype) of ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (directive gain), TARC (total active reflection coefficient) and CCL (channel capacity loss). The antenna offers an omnidirectional radiation pattern with an average gain of 3.52 dBi.

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20

Nizhegorodov, A. I. "Modeling the transfer of radiant energy to a bulk medium in electric furnaces with the upper position of the radiating elements." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 2 (September 14, 2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-2-10-14.

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A new design of suspended radiating elements, which was developed for heating systems of electric furnaces with moving hearth platforms and modular-trigger furnaces, is considered. The transfer of radiant energy on the surface of the firing modules and on the flow of expanded vermiculite is simulated. Analytical dependences are obtained for calculating the temperatures of radiating elements, a refractory base and a heat-insulating cover, as well as grains of the material itself. The possibility of a significant increase in the performance of modular-launch furnaces due to the fact that in the areas of pouring out of the firing modules the crowding of vermiculite will not lead to burnout of the radiating elements, as was observed in tape nichrome systems, is shown.

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21

Andropov, A., and S. Kuzmin. "Radiation Pattern Synthesis Method of Antenna Arrays with an Arbitrary Arrangement of Radiating Elements." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2022-8-2-15-28.

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As a result of the analysis of methods for synthesizing radiation patterns, in order to find the required amplitude-phase distribution in antenna arrays with an arbitrary arrangement of radiating elements, a technique based on the method of partial radiation patterns is proposed. The results of implementing the technique for a lowprofile combined ring concentric antenna array, a five-element antenna array based on asymmetric wave channel antennas, and a conformal antenna array consisting of arbitrarily located PIFA antennas are presented. The calculated amplitude-phase distributions and radiation patterns are given. The technique makes it possible to evaluate the potential capabilities of antennas, with adaptation taking into account the mutual coupling.

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22

Expósito-Domínguez, Gonzalo, José Manuel Fernández-González, Pablo Padilla, and Manuel Sierra-Castañer. "EBG Size Reduction for Low Permittivity Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106296.

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Double layer and edge-location via techniques are combined for electromagnetic band gap (EBG) size reduction. The study of the required number of elements and their dimensions is carried out in order to suppress the surface wave propagation modes and consequently to reduce the mutual coupling between radiating elements in low-permittivity substrates. By applying these techniques, the size of the EBG mushroom is reduced by 30%; however, the bandwidth operation maintains its value, and these structures can be integrated between radiating elements in broad bandwidth antennas.

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23

Morozov, V. M., and V. I. Magro. "The features of the use of the waveguide radiators in smart antenna systems." Journal of Physics and Electronics 26, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/331815.

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The features of the use of finite waveguide antenna arrays in the structure of modern smart antenna systems are considered. The paper deals with the problem of diffraction of an electromagnetic wave on a finite waveguide antenna array scanning in the E-plane. Antenna array consists of five radiating elements. The open ends of the waveguides are surrounded by a metal screen. The resonator coupling region was chosen as matching elements. The solution of the problem is carried out by the integral equation method on the basis of the selection of overlapping regions. The problem reduces to solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. An array of infinitely thin plates and that of waveguides with a finite wall thickness are considered. The main regularities for choosing the optimal geometric dimensions of the antenna array are established. Studies were carried out for arrays with a number of elements from five to fifteen. The analysis of edge effects in the final antenna array is carried out. It is shown that the introduction of a resonator region into a five-element lattice makes it possible to expand the sector of the radiation angles and avoid the effect of blinding. It is shown that this statement is valid not only for five-element lattices, but also for arrays with a large number of radiating elements. The radiation patterns are calculated. The coefficients of mutual coupling in an array with five elements are investigated. General recommendations for choosing optimal sizes of the resonator coupling region of radiators are considered.

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24

Acharya, Om Prakash, Amalendu Patnaik, and Sachendra N. Sinha. "Null Steering in Failed Antenna Arrays." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/692197.

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Antenna array pattern nulling is desirable in order to suppress the interfering signals. But in large antenna arrays, there is always a possibility of failure of some elements, which may degrade the radiation pattern with an increase in side lobe level (SLL) and removal of the nulls from desired position. In this paper a correction procedure is introduced based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which maintains the nulling performance of the failed antenna array. Considering the faulty elements as nonradiating elements, PSO reoptimizes the weights of the remaining radiating elements to reshape the pattern. Simulation results for a Chebyshev array with imposed single, multiple, and broad nulls with failed antenna array are presented.

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25

Zaman, Mohammad Asif, and Md Abdul Matin. "Nonuniformly Spaced Linear Antenna Array Design Using Firefly Algorithm." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (April 22, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/256759.

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A nonuniformly spaced linear antenna array with broadside radiation characteristics is synthesized using firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization. The objective of the work is to find the optimum spacing between the radiating antenna elements which will create a predefined arbitrary radiation pattern. The excitation amplitudes of all the antenna elements are assumed to be constant. The optimum spacing between the array elements are obtained using firefly algorithm. The minimum allowed distance between the antenna elements is defined in such a way that mutual coupling between the elements can be ignored. Numerical analysis is performed to calculate the far-field radiation characteristics of the array. Two numerical examples are shown to form two different desired predefined radiation patterns. The performance of the firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization is compared in terms of convergence rate and global best solution achieved. The performances of the optimized nonuniformly spaced arrays are analyzed. Finally, contour plots of the radiated power from the optimized array in the horizontal plane and vertical plane in the far-field region are provided.

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26

Давыдова, З. "МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И РАСЧЕТ СПЕКТРА ФОТОЛЮМИНЕСЦЕНЦИИ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУРЫ С КВАНТОВОЙ ЯМОЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ALGaAS/GaAS." EurasianUnionScientists 6, no. 12(81) (January 18, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.6.81.1163.

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This research aims to improve the available means for characterizing the emission properties of quantum well heterostructures by modeling and calculating the absorption and photoluminescence spectra using the GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure as an example. Research is conducted based on multilayer heterostructures and heterostructures with quantum wells to develop detectors and emitting elements in the infrared frequency range, pulsed solid-state generators in the millimeter and submillimeter-wave ranges. The study of radiating properties of heterostructures with a quantum well on A3B5 compounds has become widespread [1-3]. It is possible to control the heterostructure's emission frequency by selecting the optimal composition of the wideband semiconductor layer, the level and type of its doping, the doping region, and the quantum well layer width, which is of applied importance for the development of optoelectronic devices. Technologies for manufacturing such heterostructures are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive processes, which contribute to developing methods for modeling and calculating the characteristic frequencies of radiation and absorption of radiation. Based on such calculations, radiating elements of the submicronic wavelength range can be developed based on heterostructures with a quantum well on the A3B5 type compounds. [4]

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27

Давыдова, З. "MODELING AND CALCULATION OF THE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTRUM OF A HETEROSTRUCTURE WITH A QUANTUM WELL BY THE EXAMPLE OF ALGaAS / GaAS." EurasianUnionScientists 6, no. 12(81) (January 18, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.6.81.1172.

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This research aims to improve the available means for characterizing the emission properties of quantum well heterostructures by modeling and calculating the absorption and photoluminescence spectra using the GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure as an example. Research is conducted based on multilayer heterostructures and heterostructures with quantum wells to develop detectors and emitting elements in the infrared frequency range, pulsed solid-state generators in the millimeter and submillimeter-wave ranges. The study of radiating properties of heterostructures with a quantum well on A3B5 compounds has become widespread [1-3]. It is possible to control the heterostructure's emission frequency by selecting the optimal composition of the wideband semiconductor layer, the level and type of its doping, the doping region, and the quantum well layer width, which is of applied importance for the development of optoelectronic devices. Technologies for manufacturing such heterostructures are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive processes, which contribute to developing methods for modeling and calculating the characteristic frequencies of radiation and absorption of radiation. Based on such calculations, radiating elements of the submicronic wavelength range can be developed based on heterostructures with a quantum well on the A3B5 type compounds. [4]

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28

Ovsyanikov, V. V. "On the Principles of Calculating Radiating Devices with Impedance Elements." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 60, no. 5-6 (2003): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v60.i56.90.

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29

Kadlimatti, Ravi, and Patanjali V. Parimi. "Phased Arrays Using Odd Phase Distribution of the Radiating Elements." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, no. 5 (May 2019): 891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2904907.

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30

Sarma, R. Sadasiva, and B. K. Sarap. "Mutual Coupling between Radiating Elements of a Microstrip Rectangular Array." IETE Journal of Research 35, no. 5 (September 1989): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1989.11436829.

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31

Azima, Henry. "Passenger vehicles incorporating loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 1 (2002): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1500888.

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32

Azima, Henry. "Passenger vehicles incorporating loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 1 (2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1500893.

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33

Imani, Azadeh, and Mohammad Sajjad Bayati. "A simple quad-band printed diversity antenna with high isolation without extra structure." Frequenz 74, no. 9-10 (September 25, 2020): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0220.

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AbstractIn this paper a Quad-band diversity antenna with a small size of 48 × 28 × 0.8 mm3 printed on FR4 substrate is presented that consists of two same pentagonal-shaped patch elements. Four arc-shaped slots in the radiating elements are introduced to obtain the quad-band operation with good return loss. The antenna is designed for covering 5.91 GHz in IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standards, 7.40 GHz in C-Band, 9.18 and 10.72 GHz in X-Band. To achieve the lowest coupling between two elements, three structures for embedding elements are investigated. The prototype is fabricated, and measured results are in good agreement with simulated results. The final antenna accomplishes a weak mutual coupling below −29.2 dB in the all operational bands. Radiation characteristics, radiation efficiency and diversity performance such as diversity gain and envelope correlation coefficient of the final structure, are presented.

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34

Atalla, Noureddine, and Alain Berry. "Acoustic Radiation from a Coupled Planar Semi-Complex Structure in Heavy Fluid." Journal of Ship Research 38, no. 03 (September 1, 1994): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1994.38.3.213.

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A mathematical model is derived to address the vibrations and sound radiation into a dense fluid, of a coupled system consisting of two semi-complex plates (i.e., supporting added mass, stiffeners, and having arbitrary elastic boundary conditions) linked in four points through multistage suspensions elements. The supporting plate is subjected to point, line or surface harmonic excitation, while the radiating plate is excited through the suspensions. Both plates are assumed to be baffled, and the radiating plate is fluid loaded. The model is based on a variational approach for the plates, and a matrix transfer approach is used to handle the coupling between the two-plates. The solution is found using a Rayleigh-Ritz expansion in terms of polynomial trial functions which are shown to allow for the arbitrary elastic boundary conditions and to facilitate the calculation of the radiation impedance matrix. The vibrations and noise design of the system is discussed. The main design indicators are the force transmissibilities between the different excitation and attachment points, the mean square velocity, the radiated power and the radiation efficiency of the radiating plate. Numerical examples are presented to show the effects of fluid loading and different design parameters (plates thickness, boundary conditions, added mass, stiffeners, etc.) on the radiated sound.

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Losito, Onofrio, Vincenza Portosi, Giuseppe Venanzoni, Francesco Bigelli, Davide Mencarelli, Paolo Scalmati, Chiara Renghini, Pasquale Carta, and Francesco Prudenzano. "Feasibility Investigation of SIW Cavity-Backed Patch Antenna Array for Ku Band Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071271.

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A cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna array was optimized in the Ku band. The backing cavity was designed under each patch antenna of the array in order to increase the bandwidth and minimize the intercoupling among the radiating elements. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology was employed to fabricate the above-mentioned cavity below the radiating patch. More precisely, four microstrip array antennas, made by 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 8 × 8, and 16 × 16 elements were designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured maximum gain was G = 13 dBi, G = 18.7 dBi, G = 23.8 dBi, and G = 29.2 dBi, respectively. The performance of the proposed antenna arrays was evaluated in terms of radiation pattern and bandwidth. An extensive feasibility investigation was performed even from the point of different materials/costs in order to state the potential of the engineered antennas in actual applications. The obtained results indicate that a cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna is a feasible solution for broadband digital radio and other satellite communication overall for niche applications.

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Di Massa, G., S. Costanzo, and O. H. Moreno. "Open Resonator System for Reflectarray Elements Characterization." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/912809.

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An open resonator system is proposed in this work to study the phase behavior of reflectarrays cells. The characterization of the single reflectarray element is performed by assuming a Gaussian plane wave normally incident on an infinite periodic array of identical radiating elements. An equivalent circuit model is properly derived for the open cavity including the reflectarray test structure, in order to retrieve the phase design curve of the single reflectarray element. K-band experimental validations are presented and discussed to show the effectiveness of the approach.

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Alnaiemy, Yahiea, Taha A. Elwi, and Lajos Nagy. "Mutual Coupling Reduction in Patch Antenna Array Based on EBG Structure for MIMO Applications." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 63, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14379.

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This paper presents a printed rectangular slot microstrip antenna array of two elements based on an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. The proposed EBG structure is invented to improve the isolation between the radiating elements for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) application. Single and two slotted rectangular microstrip antennas are designed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.025 with thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed EBG structure is designed as one planar row of 24 slots. The proposed array performance is tested numerically using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMW) of Finite Integration Technique (FIT) formulations. The antenna performance in terms of reflection coefficient (S11), isolation coefficient (S21), radiation patterns, boresight gain and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are investigated before and after introducing the EBG structure to identify the significant enhancements. The proposed EBG structure is located between the radiating antenna elements to reduce the mutual coupling of the proposed antenna array. The edge to edge separation distance of the proposed antennas is λ0/16, where the λ0 is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. The simulated results show a significant isolation enhancement from –6 dB to –29 dB at the first resonant frequency 2.45 GHz and from –10 dB to –25 dB at the second resonant frequency 5.8 GHz after introducing the EBG structure to the antenna array.

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Mahmud, Md Zulfiker, Md Tarikul Islam, Ali F. Almutairi, Md Samsuzzaman, U. K. Acharjee, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam. "A Parasitic Resonator-Based Diamond-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications." Electronics 8, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040434.

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This study proposes a new parasitic resonator-based diamond-shaped microstrip patch antenna for ultra-wideband microwave imaging applications. The antenna consists of a diamond-shaped radiating patch, partial ground plane, and four-star shape parasitic elements. The use of parasitic elements improves the antenna performance in terms of the bandwidth and gain. The proposed prototype has a compact dimension of 30 × 25 × 1.6 mm3. The antenna achieves an overall bandwidth (S11<-10dB) of 7.6 GHz (2.7–10.3 GHz) with more than 4 dBi realized gain and 80% efficiency across the radiating bandwidth. The modified structures of the design extended the usable upper frequency from 9.7 GHz to 10.3 GHz, and the lower frequency is decreased from 3.4 GHz to 2.7 GHz with maintaining the omnidirectional radiation pattern. The design and simulation of the antenna are performed in the 3D electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio. The proposed antenna is used for breast phantom measurement system to analyze the variation of backscattering signal and transmit-received pulses. The observation during the analysis of the numerical and measured data reveals that the designed antenna is a suitable candidate for ultra-wideband (UWB)-based microwave imaging applications.

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Allen, Jeffery W., Hans Steyskal, and David R. Smith. "Impedance and complex power of radiating elements under electromagnetic source transformation." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 7 (April 22, 2011): 1524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26077.

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Damiano, J. P., J. Bennegueouche, and A. Papiernik. "Study of multilayer microstrip antennas with radiating elements of various geometry." IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 137, no. 3 (1990): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-h-2.1990.0032.

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Ansari, Maral, He Zhu, Negin Shariati, and Y. Jay Guo. "Compact Planar Beamforming Array With Endfire Radiating Elements for 5G Applications." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, no. 11 (November 2019): 6859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2925179.

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Bossut, Régis, Jean‐Noël Decarpigny, Bernard Tocquet, and Didier Boucher. "Application of damping elements to the modeling of underwater radiating structures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023268.

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43

Hosseinbeig, Ahmad, Manoochehr Kamyab, and Javad S. Meiguni. "Theory of aperture-coupled hemispherical dielectric resonator antennas with radiating elements." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 67, no. 11 (November 2013): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2013.05.010.

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44

Baumgartner, Paul, Anna Masiero, Christian Riener, and Thomas Bauernfeind. "Simulation Based Poynting Vector Description of the Field Regions for Simple Radiating Structures." Electronics 11, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11131967.

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Estimating the coupling properties between a radiating structure and other conductive elements, the field behavior of the radiating source is essential to know. One well-known classification of the field behavior are the field-regions around antennas, namely, the far-field, the radiating near-field, and the reactive near-field. The different kinds of near-fields are distinguished by the reactive and radiating parts of the electromagnetic field, whereas in the far-field region the field behaves as a plane wave in the direction of propagation. One way to describe these field characteristics is to use the complex Poynting vector, which defines the electromagnetic power flow. This work presents a Poynting-vector-based approach to classify and visualize the field behavior around simple radiators using numerical simulations. First, the approach is applied to simple antenna structures such as dipoles and loop antennas. Later, the introduced field regions are utilized to predict the coupling behavior of practical applications, the coupling between single elements of a linear antenna array, and the coupling behavior of an electrically large loop antenna. It could be shown that the introduced approach, defining a surface description of the boundary between the near-field regions, enables the possibility of predicting the coupling behavior between radiating structures. The introduced error estimator for the far-field also delivers knowledge about the far-field quality in different angular directions and distances. All simulations have been executed applying a one-dimensional partial element equivalent circuit method.

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Abed, Amer T. "Novel sunflower MIMO fractal antenna with low mutual coupling and dual wide operating bands." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001375.

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AbstractA novel multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) fractal antenna excited by a coplanar waveguide was investigated in this study. A novel technique was used to improve the isolation of 20 dB between the dual radiating elements by inserting a strip line into the outer edges of the ground plane. A sunflower structure was used to configure the antenna in three steps. At each step, an additional sunflower structure was added with half the size of that used in the previous step to enhance the impedance bandwidth. The measured values of envelop correlation coefficient and total active reflection coefficient indicated that the proposed MIMO antenna has high-diversity performance between radiating elements. Wide dual operating bands of 2–2.9 and 5–10 GHz were obtained, which can support different wireless communications, such as 3G, LTE (2.6 GHz), WLAN (2.4 GHz/5 GHz), WiMAX (2.4 GHz/5GHz), ISM (2.4 GHz/5 GHz), 5G (5–6 GHz), and satellite communications (6–8 GHz). The MIMO fractal antenna with a small size achieved a maximum efficiency of 85% and a peak value gain of 6 dBi, low-channel capacity loss of 0.15–0.4 b/s/Hz, and high isolation between radiating elements is suitable for portable communication devices.

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46

Hossain, Amran, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Ali F. Almutairi, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Kamarulzaman Mat, and Md Samsuzzaman. "An Octagonal Ring-shaped Parasitic Resonator Based Compact Ultrawideband Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051354.

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An Ultrawideband (UWB) octagonal ring-shaped parasitic resonator-based patch antenna for microwave imaging applications is presented in this study, which is constructed with a diamond-shaped radiating patch, three octagonal, rectangular slotted ring-shaped parasitic resonator elements, and partial slotting ground plane. The main goals of uses of parasitic ring-shaped elements are improving antenna performance. In the prototype, various kinds of slots on the ground plane were investigated, and especially rectangular slots and irregular zigzag slots are applied to enhance bandwidth, gain, efficiency, and radiation directivity. The optimized size of the antenna is 29 × 24 × 1.5 mm3 by using the FR-4 substrate. The overall results illustrate that the antenna has a bandwidth of 8.7 GHz (2.80–11.50 GHz) for the reflection coefficient S11 < −10 dB with directional radiation pattern. The maximum gain of the proposed prototype is more than 5.7 dBi, and the average efficiency over the radiating bandwidth is 75%. Different design modifications are performed to attain the most favorable outcome of the proposed antenna. However, the prototype of the proposed antenna is designed and simulated in the 3D simulator CST Microwave Studio 2018 and then effectively fabricated and measured. The investigation throughout the study of the numerical as well as experimental data explicit that the proposed antenna is appropriate for the Ultrawideband-based microwave-imaging fields.

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47

Borakhade, Deepali, and Sanjay Pokle. "Frequency reconfigurable dual-band MIMO antenna using pentagon slot resonator with improved bandwidth." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001313.

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In this paper, multiple-input–multiple output (MIMO) antenna with dual-band frequency reconfiguration is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two symmetrical pentagon radiating elements. These radiating elements support bands of 1.5 GHz (GPS) and 2.4 GHz (Wi-Fi) frequency. The two PIN diodes are appropriately located on slot line in order to control the current flowing through the radiator. All simulated results are compared and confirmed with measured results. The antenna has VSWR ⩽1.8 and isolation of −28 dB. The advantage of this antenna is that bandwidth is increased by switching of PIN diode in the range from 80 MHz up to maximum 300 MHz. These characteristics demonstrate that proposed antenna is an attractive solution for a multimode application such as GPS, Wi-Fi routers, vehicular communication, etc. where wideband is required.

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Hernandez-Escobar, Alberto, Elena Abdo-Sanchez, and Carlos Camacho-Penalosa. "A Wideband Equivalent Circuit for Stripline-Fed Cavity-Backed Slot Radiating Elements." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 166428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2954164.

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Yamaguchi, Takashi, Yoshihisa Okumura, and Yoshifumi Amemiya. "Wave impedance in the near field around the fundamental electromagnetic radiating elements." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 74, no. 4 (April 1991): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410740409.

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Jeng, Bo-Ming, and Ching-Hsing Luo. "Novel band-notched ultra-wideband elliptical monopole antenna with dual radiating elements." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 6 (March 25, 2011): 1427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26023.

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