Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radiacion ultravioleta'
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Algaba, Joaquín Inés M. "Protección ultravioleta proporcionada por los textiles:estudio de la influencia de las variables más significativas y aplicación de productos específicos para su mejora." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6493.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es el estudio de la protección ultravioleta proporcionada por los tejidos. Mediante diversas técnicas, fundamentalmente la determinación de la transmitancia espectral difusa de radiación ultravioleta, se estudia la influencia de las variables más significativas de las que depende el factor de protección ultravioleta (UPF) de los tejidos.
En la primera parte de la tesis, se trata la influencia de la estructura del tejido sobre el UPF. Mediante técnicas estadísticas de planificación de experiencias, se han diseñado tres series de tejidos de Algodón, Modal y Modal Sun, formadas por 27 muestras con una gradación en su estructura. La compacidad del tejido tiene una importante influencia sobre el bloqueo de la radiación UV y el análisis estadístico de los resultados permite su cuantificación. Se obtienen modelos estadísticos que relacionan el UPF de los tejidos con algunos de los principales parámetros de fabricación (título del hilo de urdimbre, título del hilo de trama y densidad de pasadas). Asimismo, se modeliza la influencia sobre el UPF de otros parámetros estructurales de amplio uso en la industria textil (peso por unidad de superficie, cobertura y espesor). Debido a que los resultados muestran que el UPF puede variar muy significativamente en función del tipo de fibra, mediante la técnica FT-IR se analiza la causa del diferente comportamiento de las tres fibras.
También se ha estudiado la influencia de las condiciones de uso de las prendas. El UPF puede variar cuando los tejidos se llevan en estado mojado o cuando son sometidos a las tensiones habituales en su contacto con el cuerpo. Se ha obtenido un modelo estadístico para cada fibra que cuantifica la variación del UPF en función de la tensión y humedad, así como del UPF inicial del tejido en estado relajado y seco (representante de la estructura inicial).
A partir de tejidos seleccionados en la primera parte, se ha estudiado la aplicación de algunos productos textiles que pueden mejorar el nivel de protección.
Se ha estudiado la influencia de la coloración sobre el UPF. Aunque cuando se habla de color se piensa en la región del visible, el espectro de absorción de colorantes también se extiende a las longitudes de onda del UV, por lo que pueden mejorar el UPF. Para cuantificar la influencia de este parámetro, se han aplicado tres colorantes, de una tricromía de colorantes directos, a diferentes concentraciones sobre varios tejidos de Algodón, Modal y Modal Sun, obteniéndose muestras con una gradación de color correspondiente a diferentes intensidades estándar.
Se analiza también la influencia de la aplicación, a varias concentraciones, de dos blanqueadores ópticos de diferente estructura química. Estos productos pueden disminuir la transmisión en el UV debido a su capacidad de absorber este tipo de radiación.
Del mismo modo se estudia la mejora del UPF mediante el tratamiento con un producto de acabado absorbente de radiación UV, en función de su concentración. Como complemento a este estudio, las imágenes SEM permiten dilucidar si el tratamiento produce modificaciones en la superficie de la fibra. También se analiza la permanencia del efecto de acabado y el impacto ecotoxicológico del tratamiento con el producto.
En todos los casos, se han obtenido modelos estadísticos que relacionan el valor de la respuesta UPF con las variables de control en cada una de las partes: el tipo de colorante/blanqueador óptico, la intensidad de la tintura/concentración de producto y el UPF inicial del tejido. Los modelos permiten diseñar tejidos con UPF preestablecido.
The ultraviolet component of the solar radiation, beneficial in small doses, can be very harmful due to its accumulative effect on the skin. Dermatologists recommend the protection of the skin against excessive amounts of UV radiation. Generally, people think in the protection of the uncovered skin, but the protection provided by fabrics should be also taken into account, particularly in light garments.
The objective of this doctoral thesis is the study of the ultraviolet protection provided by textiles. By the use of several techniques, fundamentally the determination of the diffuse spectral transmittance of the ultraviolet radiation, the influence of the more significant variables on the ultraviolet protection factor of the fabrics (UPF) is studied.
The first part of the thesis deals with the influence of the fabric structure on the UPF. By means of statistical techniques for experiments planning, three sets of fabrics made with Cotton, Modal and Modal Sun are designed. Each set is composed by 27 samples of fabrics with a gradation in their structure. The compaction of the fabric has shown to have an important influence on the blocking of the ultraviolet radiation and the statistical analysis makes possible its quantification. Three statistical models, one for each fibre type, that describe the UPF of the fabrics as a function of some of the main manufacturing parameters (warp yarn number, weft yarn number and weft thread count) have been obtained. Likewise, the influence of other structural parameters widely used in the textile industry (weight per surface unit, percent cover and thickness) on the UPF is modelled. Due to the fact that the results show that the UPF can vary very significantly because of the type of fibre, the cause of the different behaviour of the three studied fibres is analysed by the FT-IR technique.
The influence of the wearing conditions of the garments has been studied as well. The UPF can vary when the fabrics are worn in wet state or when they underwent the usual tensions in their contact with the body. A statistical model for each fibre has been obtained, which quantifies the variation of the UPF due to the tension, wetness and the initial UPF of the fabric in relaxed and dry state (which represents the initial structure of the fabric).
Taking some fabrics selected in the first part of the thesis, the application of some textile chemicals that can improve the protection level has been investigated.
The influence of the coloration on the UPF of the fabrics has been studied. Although when speaking about colour one thinks in the visible range of wavelengths, the absorption spectra of the dyestuffs extends in some part to the UV wavelengths, so they are likely to improve the UPF. To quantify the influence of the colour on the UPF, three dyes of a trichromie of direct dyes have been applied under different concentrations to fabrics made with Cotton, Modal and Modal Sun, therefore obtaining samples with a gradation in colour corresponding to different standard intensities.
The influence of the application under several concentrations of two whitening agents of different chemical structure has been as well analysed. These chemicals are likely to decrease the transmittance in the UV region due to their capability to absorb this range of radiation.
Likewise, the improvement on the UPF by means of the finishing treatment with an UV absorber under different concentrations has been studied. As a complement to this study, SEM images have been obtained to determine if the treatment produces a modification of the fibre surface. The permanence of the finishing effect and the ecotoxicological impact of the treatment with the UV absorber have been as well analysed.
In all the cases, statistics has been use to model the relationship between the response UPF and the control variables in each one of the different parts of the study: the type of dyestuff / whitening agent, the dyeing intensity / concentration of the chemical and the initial UPF of the fabric. The models allow to design fabrics with a pre-established UPF.
Badosa, i. Franch Jordi. "UV index measurement and model agreement: uncertainties and limitations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7905.
Full textL'índex ultraviolat (UVI), que ha estat adoptat internacionalment, va ser definit amb el propòsit d'informar al públic general sobre els riscos d'exposar el cos nu a la UVR i per tal d'enviar missatges preventius. L'UVI es va definir inicialment com el valor màxim diari. No obstant, el seu ús actual s'ha ampliat i té sentit referir-se a un valor instantani o a una evolució diària del valor d'UVI mesurat, modelitzat o predit. El valor concret d'UVI està afectat per la geometria Sol-Terra, els núvols, l'ozó, els aerosols, l'altitud i l'albedo superficial.
Les mesures d'UVI d'alta qualitat són essencials com a referència i per estudiar tendències a llarg termini; es necessiten també tècniques acurades de modelització per tal d'entendre els factors que afecten la UVR, per predir l'UVI i com a control de qualitat de les mesures. És d'esperar que les mesures més acurades d'UVI s'obtinguin amb espectroradiòmetres. No obstant, com que els costs d'aquests dispositius són elevats, és més habitual trobar dades d'UVI de radiòmetres eritemàtics (de fet, la majoria de les xarxes d'UVI estan equipades amb aquest tipus de sensors).
Els millors resultats en modelització s'obtenen amb models de transferència radiativa de dispersió múltiple quan es coneix bé la informació d'entrada. No obstant, habitualment no es coneix informació d'entrada, com per exemple les propietats òptiques dels aerosols, la qual cosa pot portar a importants incerteses en la modelització. Sovint, s'utilitzen models més simples per aplicacions com ara la predicció d'UVI o l'elaboració de mapes d'UVI, ja que aquests són més ràpids i requereixen menys paràmetres d'entrada.
Tenint en compte aquest marc de treball, l'objectiu general d'aquest estudi és analitzar l'acord al qual es pot arribar entre la mesura i la modelització d'UVI per condicions de cel sense núvols.
D'aquesta manera, en aquest estudi es presenten comparacions model-mesura per diferents tècniques de modelització, diferents opcions d'entrada i per mesures d'UVI tant de radiòmetres eritemàtics com d'espectroradiòmeters. Com a conclusió general, es pot afirmar que la comparació model-mesura és molt útil per detectar limitacions i estimar incerteses tant en les modelitzacions com en les mesures.
Pel que fa a la modelització, les principals limitacions que s'han trobat és la falta de coneixement de la informació d'aerosols considerada com a entrada dels models. També, s'han trobat importants diferències entre l'ozó mesurat des de satèl·lit i des de la superfície terrestre, la qual cosa pot portar a diferències importants en l'UVI modelitzat.
PTUV, una nova i simple parametrització pel càlcul ràpid d'UVI per condicions de cel serens, ha estat desenvolupada en base a càlculs de transferència radiativa. La parametrització mostra una bona execució tant respecte el model base com en comparació amb diverses mesures d'UVI. PTUV ha demostrat la seva utilitat per aplicacions particulars com ara l'estudi de l'evolució anual de l'UVI per un cert lloc (Girona) i la composició de mapes d'alta resolució de valors d'UVI típics per un territori concret (Catalunya).
En relació a les mesures, es constata que és molt important saber la resposta espectral dels radiòmetres eritemàtics per tal d'evitar grans incerteses a la mesura d'UVI. Aquest instruments, si estan ben caracteritzats, mostren una bona comparació amb els espectroradiòmetres d'alta qualitat en la mesura d'UVI. Les qüestions més importants respecte les mesures són la calibració i estabilitat a llarg termini. També, s'ha observat un efecte de temperatura en el PTFE, un material utilitzat en els difusors en alguns instruments, cosa que potencialment podria tenir implicacions importants en el camp experimental.
Finalment, i pel que fa a les comparacions model-mesura, el millor acord s'ha trobat quan es consideren mesures d'UVI d'espectroradiòmetres d'alta qualitat i s'usen models de transferència radiativa que consideren les millors dades disponibles pel que fa als paràmetres òptics d'ozó i aerosols i els seus canvis en el temps. D'aquesta manera, l'acord pot ser tan alt dins un 0.1º% en UVI, i típicament entre menys d'un 3%. Aquest acord es veu altament deteriorat si s'ignora la informació d'aerosols i depèn de manera important del valor d'albedo de dispersió simple dels aerosols. Altres dades d'entrada del model, com ara l'albedo superficial i els perfils d'ozó i temperatura introdueixen una incertesa menor en els resultats de modelització.
The increase in solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels reaching the Earth surface during the last decades (mostly induced by the stratospheric ozone depletion), together with a detected increase in UVR-related diseases, has lead to a high volume of investigations about this band of the solar radiation and its effects on human beings.
The ultraviolet Index (UVI), which is currently internationally adopted, was defined in order to disseminate information to the public about the risks of exposing the naked body to UVR and to send preventive messages. UVI was initially defined as the maximum daily value. However, the current use of this index has been widened and nowadays it makes sense to refer to an instantaneous value or to the evolution of the measured, modelled, or predicted UVI during the day. The actual value of UVI is affected by the Sun-Earth geometry, clouds, ozone, aerosols, altitude and ground albedo.
High quality UVI measurements are essential as a reference and to study long-term trends; accurate modelling techniques are needed to understand the way factors affect UVR, to predict UVI, and as a quality control of the measurements. For the UVI measurement, best accuracy is expected with data from spectroradiometers. However, since the costs of these devices are expensive, data from erythemal radiometers are more commonly available (most UVI networks are equipped with this latter type of sensors). Best UVI modelling performance is found with multi-scattering radiative transfer models when the input information is well known. However, some relevant input information, such as the aerosol optical properties, is usually not available which can lead to large modelling uncertainties. More simple models are often used for applications such as UVI prediction or elaboration of UVI maps, as they are much faster and require less input parameters.
Considering this framework, the general objective of this work is to analyse the agreement that can be reached between modelled and measured UVI for cloudless conditions.
For this, model-measurement comparisons are presented for different modelling techniques, for several input options, and for UVI measured by both erythemal radiometers and spectroradiometers. As a general conclusion, it can be stated that the comparison of modelled vs. measured UVI is very useful to detect limitations and estimate uncertainties in both the modelling and measurements.
As far as modelling is concerned, the main limitations found are the lack of knowledge in the aerosol information considered as input. Also, important differences are found between the ozone column from satellite and from ground based measurements, which lead to important differences in the modelled UVI.
PTUV, a new simple parameterisation for fast UVI calculations for cloudless conditions, has been developed based on radiative transfer calculations. The parameterisation shows a good performance both with respect to the base model and to diverse UVI measurements. PTUV has demonstrated to be useful for particular applications such as to study the annual UVI variation at a particular site (Girona) and to build high resolution maps of typical UVI for a territory (Catalonia).
Regarding the measurements, it is found that the use of the actual spectral response of the erythemal radiometers is very important to avoid large uncertainties in the measured UVI. If well characterised, the erythemal radiometers compare reasonably well with high quality spectroradiometers when measuring UVI. Major issues with respect to the measurements are long term calibration accuracy and stability. Also, a temperature effect in PTFE, a material used as diffuser in some instruments, has been observed, which could have potentially important implications in the experimental field.
Finally, and concerning the model-measurement comparisons, the best agreement has been found when high quality spectroradiometric UVI measurements are considered and radiative transfer models are applied taking into account the best data available regarding aerosol and ozone optical parameters and their changes in time. In this case, the agreement can be as high as 0.1% in UVI, and typically less than 3%. This agreement deteriorates greatly if aerosols are ignored, and depends importantly on the aerosol single scattering albedo. Other data, such as ground albedo or the actual atmospheric temperature and ozone profiles, introduce lower uncertainty in the modelling results.
Carrera, Álvarez Cristina. "Radiación ultravioleta y lesiones melanocíticas. Implicación en prevención y diagnóstico precoz de melanoma." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125982.
Full textUltraviolet radiation (UVR) plays an important role in the development of acquired melanocytic lesions. Together with number of nevi they are the main individual markers for melanoma risk. Recent melanoma molecular classifications have increased the interest in UVR and melanoma ethiopathogenics. Moreover, despite the revolutionary therapeutic development of new drugs, prevention continues to be the most efficient strategy to deal with melanoma. Photoprotection and sunscreen creams have demonstrated an important role in the prevention of photodamage in keratinocytes, however their role in melanocytes damage has not been totally established. The first publication presented here is a retrospective study on melanoma on the limbs, since they are considered one of the types of melanoma more related to non-chronic sunexposure. We have reviewed the dermoscopic and pathologic features of 36 early cases, clinically similar to other nevi. New insights about melanomagenesis and early detection are discussed. The second publication describes the development of a human model to study the in vivo induced effects of a controlled unique dose of UVR on melanocytic lesions. For the first time in the literature, this innovation has allowed us to suggest a model to reproduce the supposed protective role of sunscreens under real conditions. The third publication shows a prospective study based on the previously developed model, to demonstrate the clinical, dermoscopical, pathological and immunohistochemical effects produced by UVR-B irradiation on melanocytic nevi. By means of this methodology we could compare the UVR induced effects on non-protected halves of nevi, with protected halves, either by physical barrier or by sunscreen. Despite the fact that several biological effects after UVR were not visible, ie. neither erythema, nor pigmentation, nor dermoscopic changes, all lesions showed some histological and molecular effects. Furthermore, not all the UVR effects were avoided by topical protection, some differences were observed in protected parts of the nevi, and surprisingly sunscreen cream seemed to appear less effective in avoiding inflammation and melanocytes activation than a physical barrier. In conclusion, interaction between UVR and melanocytic lesions and melanoma is complex, and not only related to pigmentary traits. Although primary prevention by means of sun-avoidance and proper photo-protection is crucial, early detection of potentially malignant melanocytic lesions seems to be the most efficient strategy to improve the prevention and prognosis of melanoma in our population.
León, Federico. "Adjustment of Peruvian family violence to the psychobiogeographic theory of mental health." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101513.
Full textConsiderando el grado de exposición a radiación ultravioleta, la teoría psicobíogeográfica predice una variación latitudinal de la salud mental. Respuestas de 12 604 mujeres en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar Perú 2000 fueron analizadas para determinarsi la violencia física y psicológica ejercida por esposos y padres aumenta con la distancia al ecuador. Los efectos de la latitud fueron consistentes con la teoría en el desierto del Pacífico, la estepa serrana, la puna, y la eco-región Yunga, no así en la Amazonía, tal vez por la producción excesiva de vitamina D al norte de 5º 50’ S. No se halló efectos de la altura, pero los de la urbanización y la corriente de Humboldt fueron los predichos.
Bernal, Montolio Meritxell. "How Mediterranean plant species are able to cope with increasing levels of UV-B radiation and drought in the context of climate change?" Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120560.
Full textDurant les properes dècades, a la Regió Mediterrània es preveu un augment de la radiació ultraviolada UV-B i una disminució en la precipitació. La radiació UV pot ser un factor oxidatiu per les plantes afectant la seva activitat fisiològica i la seva morfologia. En aquest context pretenem investigar els efectes de la radiació UV (tant UV-A com UV-B) sobre les espècies llenyoses mediterrànies així com la seva interacció amb una baixa disponibilitat hídrica. Els nostres resultats mostren que l’augment dels nivells d’UV-A pot incrementar la producció de biomassa quan les plantes creixen sota condicions de baixa disponibilitat hídrica. Aquest efecte beneficiós podria ser degut a una millora de les relacions hídriques. Els canvis en la morfologia foliar observats en resposta a la radiació UV (fulles més gruixudes o amb un major índex de massa per àrea depenent de l’experiment) poden haver contribuït a aquesta millora de les relacions hídriques
Cabral, Andrea. "Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta sobre la calidad de hotalizas deshidratadas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2017. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/8693.
Full textThe agro-food Ecogénesis S.A. corporation, located in San Rafael, has not been able to reach the specifications established by its clients in terms of the number of microorganisms in dehydrated products. To that effect, it was suggested to irradiate ultraviolet (UV) light on these microorganisms. The UV light germicidal range is between 240 and 280 nm, obtaining the maximum efficiency at 254 nm. As a result of its implementation, the microorganisms are deactivated due to the damage caused to its nucleic acids. iii The analyzed products were squash cubes, carrot flakes and spinach powder. Nine random samples were taken from each product that – in triplicate – were exposed to UV light during five minutes with the following doses: 0 mWs/cm2 (blank samples), 85 mWs/cm2 and 170 mWs/cm2. Later, enumeration of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, yeasts and molds and Coliforms, presence of Escherichia coli and color determination were accoplished. The pour-plate technique was used for enumerating aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, yeasts and molds using plate count agar and yeast and mold agar. Coliforms were enumerated using the most probable number method (MPN) on MacConkey Agar. Positive tubes were then sown and IMViC tests were carried out to confirm the presence of Escherichia coli. For color measurement, an image was digitized with a PC and a Scanner. The lightness (L) and green-red (a) and yellow-blue (b) opponent colors values were then obtained by processing the image in the Lab color space with the Microsoft Corel Photo-Paint 8 software. When applying an 85 mmWs/cm2 dosage, the aerobic mesophilic enumeration reduces in all three products; nevertheless, in carrots and spinach, it remains above the limit. Regarding yeasts and molds, the same dosage does not have a positive effect on squashes, though it does on carrots and spinach; in the latter, enumerations were higher than the maximum allowed. The total Coliforms enumeration in carrots decreased below the specified limit, whereas in squashes and spinach there was no growth of coliforms; therefore, the effects of radiation could not been assessed. The application of a 170 mWs/cm2 dosage affected, to a greater extent, the growth of mesophilic aerobes in all three products, thus obtaining enumerations below the limit in all of them. In terms of yeasts and molds in squashes, no changes were reported in relation to the sample; in carrots, the results were similar to those obtained when irradiating the lowest dosage; and in spinach, enumerations decreased, although not below the established limit. The total Coliforms enumeration in carrots also decreased when the dosage was doubled. Regarding color measurements, there were no significant changes in the color of squashes, carrots and spinach when irradiated with 85 mWs/cm2 and170 mWs/cm2 doses. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a 170 mWs/cm2 dosage on dry carrots and spinach to reduce below the established limits the studied microorganisms enumerations.
Fil: Cabral, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
Alarcon, Vascones Angela Nelly. "Análisis bivariante y multivariante de cointegración entre radiación ultravioleta radiación solar y humedad relativa en la ciudad de La Paz." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2007. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2007/alarcon_va/html/index-frames.html.
Full textLoayza, Juárez Geraldine Patricia. "Evaluación de la efectividad del uso de luz UV en los tanques de Moromi en el proceso de fermentación de sillao." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2340.
Full textIn the process of production of soy sauce, to enable the process of fermentation takes place in an appropriate manner, it is necessary that the raw material is discovered in tanks up to 4 months, so there is likely to be contaminated with environmental bacteria and the fermentation process is interrupted, to prevent this UV lamps are used. Ultraviolet Light (UV) is used at the soy sauce production plant for sixteen hours (only during the second a third shifts). During the first shift, UV light is off due to personnel operations). Standard ultraviolet light fluorescent bulbs are being used to prevent the influence of environmental bacteria during the fermentation process of Moromi, which takes place in tanks and without stirring. The fluorescent bulbs are located over the fermentation tanks, which can have a diameter of 1.5m (4kl) or 2.2m (8kl) and are covered with a net which prevents little insects from falling into tanks. However, this net can not protect the tanks from environmental bacteria or spores which may alter stop or modify the fermentation process. The ultraviolet light dose is a function of its intensity and the exposure time (dose = UV light intensity x exposure time). Most of the viruses, bacteria and yeasts are destroyed with a relatively low level of energy (usually 10000 microwatts-sec/cm2) and the dosages for the most common microorganisms are well-known. On the other hand, spores, fungi and protozoan require higher levels of energy to be eliminated. The efficiency of ultraviolet light lamps is determined by conditions such as distance of the lamp, the exposure time and average life spam of the lamps. As a result a 90% decrease in the environmental bacteria load has been proposed. The objective of this work is to set the conditions of the use of ultraviolet light lamps in the soy sauce production plant, by determining the height and exposure time, in order to maximize the germicide properties of the light. In order to achieve this, a test was designed, in which all the conditions can be tested in different heights and times.
Tesis
Echer, Ezequiel. "Observacao da radiacao ultravioleta solar tipo B em banda larga." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1999. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/deise/1999/12.07.15.08.
Full textThe National Institute for Space Research (INPE), operates a network of solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation meters, at ground level, since the 1990's, at sites in Brazil, Bolivia, Chile and Antarctica. The ultraviolet meters are broadband meters (UV-Biometer), and narrowband meters (Ground-based Ultraviolet Radiometers, Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometers). Several analyses of UV-B radiation are presented, with emphasys on a methodology derived from Langley's method to calculate the atmospheric total optical depth in the UV-B. This methodolgy was then applied to global radiation data measured by the Brewer spectrophotometer. The total optical depths obtained with global radiation were compared with total optical depths obtained with direct radiation data, also measured by the Brewer spectrophotometer, with good match. The methodology to calculate optical depths was then tested also for UV-Biometer data, although these do not follow the Langley requirements. The results obtained with UV-Biometer data for total optical depth were in good agreement with optical depths calculated from the Brewer data, at 310 and 320 nm.
Rodríguez, Yanes Esperanza. "Efectos del extracto de polypodium leucotomos sobre la tumorogénesis inducida por la radiación ultravioleta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8754.
Full textGiven the photoprotective properties of Polypodium leucotomos extract (EPL), it was proposed that taking it orally would prevent photocarcinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, five studies were undertaken. In the first, ORAC and FRAP methods indicated a notable antioxidant activity for the extract. Another three studies weighed the protective effects of the EPL in irradiated test animals, demonstrating its anti-tumor capacity by slowing down the progression of carcinogenesis, thereby lengthening survival. The treatment also: favored the response of the antioxidant system by activating p53 which tended to diminish epidermal cell proliferation; counteracted the signs of light-induced ageing; maintained the number of Langerhans cells; and stimulated the defenses of the tissue. The final study, undertaken in humans, showed that oral administration of encapsulated EPL modifies parameters of the oxidative state of human blood. These results attest to the effectiveness of EPL as a systemic photoprotector when administered orally.
Cardoso, Valquíria Machado. "Efeitos da radiação ultravioleta-A e ultravioleta-B sobre os embriões do camarão de água-doce Macrobrachium olfersi (Crustacea, Decapoda) e o papel da radiação ultravioleta-A na fotorreativação." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95716.
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Nas últimas décadas os pesquisadores têm voltado sua atenção para os efeitos da crescente incidência da radiação ultravioleta (UV) nos ecossistemas. A radiação UV pode causar efeitos diferenciados nos organismos, sendo conhecido o papel da radiação ultravioleta-A (UV-A) no processo de fotorreativação celular, recuperando danos causados pela radiação ultravioleta-B (UV-B). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o efeito das radiações UV-A e UVB sobre os embriões do camarão de água doce Macrobrachium olfersi em três idades ao longo do desenvolvimento: idade 1 (E1-E6), idade 2 (E7-E9) e idade 3 (E10-E14). As fêmeas ovígeras foram submetidas aos seguintes procedimentos de irradiação: (1) exposição à radiação UV-A por 60 min.; (2) exposição à radiação UV-B por 30 min.; (3) exposição à radiação UV-B por 30 min., seguida de exposição à radiação UV-A por 60 min. Fêmeas ovígeras não irradiadas foram utilizadas como controle. Após os procedimentos de irradiação, as fêmeas foram mantidas por 4 dias no escuro, para então serem realizadas as analises macro e microscópicas. Nossos resultados mostram um aumento no volume dos ovos e atraso no ritmo do desenvolvimento dos embriões da idade 1 expostos à radiação UV-A, UV-B e UV-B+UV-A. Alterações morfológicas externas foram observadas nos embriões das idades 2 e 3, submetidos a todos os procedimentos de radiação. As análises por imuno-histoquímica mostraram que a expressão das proteínas envolvidas nas vias apoptóticas, como caspase 8, caspase 3, Bak e Bcl2, assim como as proteínas induzidas pelo estresse celular p53 e Hsp70, foram alteradas pela radiação UV-A e UV-B. A expressão da proteína p53 foi aumentada somente nos embriões expostos à radiação UV-A na idade 1. A expressão da caspase 8 foi maior em todas as idades nos embriões irradiados com UV-A e UV-B, contudo 10 nos embriões irradiados com UV-B+UV-A foi observado aumento da expressão de caspase 8 somente na idade 3. Embriões expostos à radiação UV-B+UV-A apresentaram uma diminuição da expressão da Bcl2, p53 e Hsp70 nas idades 2 e 3. As análises por imunohistoquímica mostraram ainda que houve pouca variação na proliferação celular, identificada pela expressão da proteína fosfohistona H3. Em síntese, nossos resultados mostram que (1) os embriões de M. olfersi irradiados nas idades 1, 2 e 3 apresentaram alterações na morfologia externa e na expressão das proteínas analisadas; (2) os embriões expostos às radiações UV-A ou UV-B separamente apresentam importantes alterações morfológicas e comprometimentos na expressão das proteínas p53 e Hsp70; (3) os embriões expostos à radiação UV-B seguida pela radiação UV-A apresentam efeitos mais atenuados, quando comparados aos embriões iradiados com UV-A ou UV-B separadamente.
In recent decades, researchers have been focused their attention in the effects of increasing incidence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on ecosystems. The UV radiation can cause diverse effects on organisms, being recognized the roles of the ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation on the cellular photorreactivation, recovering the damages caused by ultraviolet-B (UV-B). The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of UV-A and UV-B radiation on embryos of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersi in three ages throughout development: age 1 (from E1 to E6), age 2 (E7-E9) and age 3 (E10-E14). Ovigerous females were submitted to the irradiation procedures: (1) exposure to UV-A radiation for 60 min.; (2) exposure to UV-B radiation for 30 min.; (3) exposure to UV-B radiation for 30 min. followed by the exposure to UV-A radiation for 60 min. Non-irradiated ovigerous females were used as control. After irradiation procedures, ovigerous females were kept for 4 days in the dark, and then were realized the macro- and microscopic analyses. Our results showed an increase in the egg volume and delay in the developmental rythm of the embryos at age 1 which were exposed to UV-A, UV-B and UV-B followed by UV-A. External morphological alterations were observed in embryos of ages 2 and 3, which were submitted to all radiation procedures. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that the expression of proteins involved on apoptotic pathways, as caspase 8, caspase 3, Bak, as well as, the proteins induced by cellular stress, p53 and Hsp70, were altered by UV-A and UV-B radiation. In embryos irradiated with UV-A on age 3, was observed an increase on expression of every studied protein. The expression of p53 protein was increased only on embryos exposed to UV-A radiation on age 1. The expression of caspase 8 was higher in all ages of the embryos exposed to UV-A and UV-B radiation, however, in embryos exposed to UV-B followed UV-A high expression of caspase 8 occurred only at age 3. Embryos exposed to UV-B followed UV-A radiation showed a decrease of expression of Bcl2, p53 and Hsp70 at ages 2 and 3. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed slight variation on cell proliferation, identified by the expression of phosphohistone H3 protein. In general, was verified that embryos exposed to UV-B followed UV-A showed few variation on expression of analyzed proteins when compared to embryos exposed to UV-A or UV-B separately. In summary, our results showed that (1) the embryos of M. olfersi exposed at ages 1, 2 and 3 exhibited alterations on external morphology and on expression of the analyzed proteins; (2) the embryos exposed to UV-A and UV-B separately, showed important morphological alterations and impairments on the expression of p53 and Hsp70; (3) embryos exposed to UV-B followed UV-A radiation showed more attenuated effects when compares to embryos irradiated with UV-A or UV-B separately.
GRONCHI, CLAUDIA C. "Estabelecimento de um metodo dosimetrico para avaliacao da exposicao a radiacao ultravioleta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11525.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
D'Antoni, Pablo Luis. "Estudio espectroscópico de la radiación electromagnética ultravioleta, visible e infrarroja cercana sobre la obra pictórica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/29284.
Full textD'antoni, PL. (2013). Estudio espectroscópico de la radiación electromagnética ultravioleta, visible e infrarroja cercana sobre la obra pictórica [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/29284
Palancia
Mulero, Abellán Miquel. "Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) sobre los procesos de estrés oxidativo e inmunodepresión cutánea. Efecto protector"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8710.
Full textLa exposición a la RUV es causa de numerosas alteraciones cutáneas, incluido el cáncer de piel. El progresivo aumento de este tipo de cáncer en las últimas décadas ha suscitado una gran preocupación sanitaria y social, por lo cual todos los aspectos relacionados con la fotoprotección son objeto de investigación desde diversos puntos de vista: físico, químico, biológico y sanitario.
En este sentido, no cabe duda de que actualmente disponemos de una información muy valiosa acerca de los riesgos de la exposición a la RUV y, al mismo tiempo, existen fotoprotectores muy eficaces y desarrollados con criterios científicos avanzados. No obstante, y a pesar de que el consumo de fotoprotectores no cesa de incrementarse, la incidencia del cáncer de piel sigue aumentando. Con este trabajo pretendemos llamar la atención sobre la falsa sensación de seguridad que puede derivarse del uso incorrecto de fotoprotectores y sobre la necesidad de revisar en profundidad algunos de los conceptos sobre los que se basa la fotoprotección.
En consecuencia, en el protocolo experimental desarrollado, se irradiaron lotes de animales (ratas hairless) de forma aguda, crónica o bien tratados con filtros solares. Y se determinaron parámetros bioquímicos reflejo de los radicales libres tanto en sangre como en epidermis. También se determinó el daño producido sobre el material genético, y el número y capacidad funcional de las células inmunitarias de la piel (células de Langerhans).
Las principales conclusiones que se derivan de este trabajo son las siguientes:
1. La RUV, a partir de dosis equivalentes a 1 DEM (dosis eritemógena mínima), induce cambios sistémicos y cutáneos en los sistemas de defensa específicos frente al estrés oxidativo, simultáneamente a la pérdida de la inmunidad cutánea.
2. Dosis suberitemógenas y repetidas de RUV, asimilables a las que recibe una persona sometida a exposiciones moderadas al sol, también determinan pérdida de la inmunidad cutánea y alteraciones indicativas de desequilibrio oxidativo.
3. El número de células de Langerhans de la epidermis se correlaciona con diversos parámetros sanguíneos y epidérmicos relacionados con el estrés oxidativo. El hecho de que la actividad de la glutatión peroxidasa y la concentración de glutatión reducido eritrocitarios sean predictores del número de células de Langerhans, sugiere la posibilidad de que dichos parámetros constituyan una alternativa válida para evaluar indirectamente la capacidad inmunitaria cutánea.
4. La determinación del factor de protección solar, basado exclusivamente en la capacidad de prevención del eritema, no ofrece las garantías necesarias para una fotoprotección segura frente a la RUV. Es necesario adoptar nuevos criterios de fotoprotección, basados en indicadores más sensibles y precoces que el eritema.
5. Los valores del factor de protección solar que presentan los fotoprotectores actuales deben someterse a un juicio crítico. En este sentido, sería prudente reducir dichos valores a la mitad o a la tercera parte.
6. Puesto que muchos de los efectos de la RUV derivan del estrés oxidativo, es muy recomendable desarrollar nuevas fórmulas fotoprotectoras que incluyan principios activos capaces de restaurar el equilibrio oxidativo y de neutralizar los efectos de los radicales libres.
The oxidative stress is a direct consequence of the necessary consumption of oxygen by the living aerobic organisms, and its intensity and consequences depend on the capacity of specific defence systems to counteract the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), among which the most relevant are the oxygen free radicals (OFR). Numerous circumstances, physiological or pathological, can increase the production of OFR and, therefore, increase the oxidative stress. Among them there is the UV radiation (UVR), to which we are all exposed with greater or smaller intensity and frequency. Exposition to UVR cause numerous cutaneous alterations, included the skin cancer. The progressive increase of this type of cancer in the last decades provoke a great social and sanitary concern; in consequence all the aspects related to photoprotection are object of investigation from different points of view: physical, chemical, biological and sanitary.
In this sense, there is no doubt that at the present we have very valuable information about the risks of the exposition to the UVR and, at the same time, there are very efficient sunscreens, which are developed with advanced scientific criteria. Nevertheless, and in spite of the fact that the consumption of sunscreens increases day by day, the incidence of skin cancer increases continuously. With this work we intend to point out the false sensation of security that can be derived from the incorrect use of sunscreens and the need of a depth revision about some of the concepts which photoprotecction is based.
Consequently, in the development of experimental protocols, we irradiated groups of animals (hairless rats) in the following way: acute radiations, chronic radiations and radiations with sunscreens. Different biochemical parameters related to OFR were determined in blood and in epidermis. The damage produced on the genetic material, and the number and functional capacity of the immune cells of the skin (Langerhans cells) were also evaluated. The main conclusions derived from this work are the following:
1. UVR, from equivalent dose to 1 MED (minimal erithemal dose), induces systemic and cutaneous changes in the specific defence systems in front of oxidative stress, simultaneously to the loose of the cutaneous immunity.
2. Suberithemal and repeated doses of UVR, similar to the received by a person exposed to moderate sun exposure, also determine the lost of the cutaneous immunity and produce oxidative stress relative alterations.
3. The number of epidermal Langerhans cells correlates with diverse blood and epidermal parameters related to oxidative stress. The fact that the eritrocytari activity of GPx and concentration of GSH can be predictors of the number of Langerhans cells, suggests the possibility that these parameters could constitute a valid alternative to indirectly evaluate the cutaneous immune capacity.
4. The evaluation of the sun protection factor (SPF), based exclusively in the capacity of prevention from erithema, does not offer the needed guarantees for a sure photoprotection against the UVR. It is necessary to adopt new criteria of photoprotection, based on premature and more sensitive indicators than the erithema.
5. The values of SPF of the sunscreens should be submitted to a critical judgment. In this sense, would be prudent the reduction of this values to the half or to the third part.
Due to the fact that many of the effects of the UVR derive from the oxidative stress, is very recommendable to develop new photoprotective formulations that include capable active principles to restore the oxidative equilibrium and to neutralize the effects of free radicals.
Rivera, Marchant Luis Arturo. "Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta-B en la capacidad antioxidante de lechugas (Lactuca sativa L.) "baby" hidropónicas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148401.
Full textLa lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) es una de las hortalizas más consumidas a nivel mundial, por lo cual nace la necesidad de cumplir con las exigencias del consumidor por hojas más suaves, de distintas formas y colores, y que aseguren la inocuidad de las mismas. Para cumplir estas demandas se pueden ligar distintas técnicas de cultivo como son la hidroponía y la producción de hojas “baby” . Además de esto, es necesario tener un producto con mayor funcionalidad, es decir, un producto que entregue características nutricionales adecuadas junto con elementos beneficiosos para el organismo; en este sentido se ha investigado en los últimos años la radiación UV-B (280-320 nm), la cual tiene la capacidad de aumentar los compuestos fenólicos, ligados directamente con una mayor capacidad antioxidante del vegetal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el aumento en la concentración de compuestos fenólicos totales y la capacidad antioxidante de lechugas “baby” hidropónicas cvs. ‘Kristine RZ’ (verde) y ‘Versaï RZ’ (rojo), con tratamientos de radiación UV-B aplicados durante el cultivo. Se emplearon cuatro dosis de UV-B (0, 3, 6 y 10 kJ·m-2) a plantas de lechuga desde 5ª hoja verdadera en periodos de 30 minutos desde las 19:00 horas por 10 días. Luego de este periodo se cosecharon las hojas externas manteniendo las dos centrales para un segundo periodo de aplicación. En este segundo periodo se replicaron los manejos agronómicos y dosis utilizados en el primer ensayo. En cada cosecha se evaluaron diferentes parámetros de área foliar, biomasa, pigmentos foliares y compuestos fenólicos. Tras la aplicación de tratamientos se observó un aumento significativo de los compuestos fenólicos totales en la segunda cosecha en el cultivar ‘Kristine RZ’ de 12% a 54% más que la dosis control, y en ‘Versaï RZ’ también se observó un aumento de 46% a 75% más que la dosis control. Además, la capacidad antioxidante de las hojas tras la aplicación de UV-B aumentó en ‘Kristine RZ’ de 15% a 28% más que la dosis control y en ‘Versaï RZ’ de 28% a 74% más que la dosis control. Por tanto la aplicación de radiación UV-B aumentó el valor funcional de las hojas de lechuga.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, that is the reason why it is very important to meet the consumer’s requirements using fresh leaves, different shapes and colours, and assuring the safety of them. To carry out that task, it can be linked to different farming techniques as hydroponic and baby leaf vegetable production. Furthermore, it is necessary to have a high functional vegetable; that is the way to give appropriate nutritional characteristics with beneficial compounds for human health. The UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) has the capacity to increase the phenolic compound and the antioxidant activity of the leaves. The objective of this research was to evaluate the increase of functional compounds and antioxidant capacity of hydroponic baby leaf lettuce cvs. 'Kristine RZ' (green) and 'Versai RZ' (red) with UV-B radiation treatments (0, 3, 6 y 10 kJ·m-2) at pre-harvest. Four different doses were applied in half-hour periods starting at 19:00 pm for 10 days on the leaves since fifth true leaf. After this period, external lettuce leaves were harvested leaving two central leaves for a second UV-B application period. In this second period, the same agricultural managements and UV-B doses were applied. In each harvest momento different parameters were measured as leaf area, biomass, leaf pigments and phenolic compounds. The increased of total phenolic compounds at the second harvest moment as a response of UV-B application in ‘Kristine RZ‘ reached 12 percent to 54 percent more than the control dose, and in ‘Versaï RZ’ from 46 percent to 75 percent more than the control dose- Moreover, it was observed that antioxidant capacity increased in ‘Kristine RZ’ from 15 percent to 28 percent more than the control dose, and in ‘Versaï RZ’ from 28 percent to 74 percent more than the control dose. The results showed that UV-B applications had an increased effect in the antioxidant characteristics of baby lettuce leaves.
Sauceda, Gálvez Jezer Noé. "Analysis of the effectiveness of ultra-high pressure homogenisation, short-wave ultraviolet radiation and their combination on the hygienization of apple juice and their effect on the quality and nutritional aspects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670833.
Full textEn este trabajo se ensayan dos tecnologías diferentes para la esterilización de zumos de manzana. Las tecnologías aplicadas fueron la homogeneización por presiones ultra altas (UHPH) y la radiación ultravioleta de onda corta (UV-C). La UHPH fue aplicada con presiones de 100, 200 y 300 MPa, y los tratamientos de UV-C fueron llevados a cabo a diferentes dosis entre los 1,8 - 200 J/mL, en algunas ocasiones con más de un pase a través del sistema (únicamente UV-C) o combinados con diferentes temperaturas de entrada (InT). Ambas tecnologías fueron probadas para demostrar su capacidad microbicida en los diferentes tipos de zumo de manzana (clarificado y con fibra, con o sin la adición de ácido ascórbico o el extracto de semillas de chía) y en otras matrices que fueron ajustadas para simular algunas de las interferencias que se pueden encontrar en el zumo de manzana y que se oponen al paso de la UV-C, tales como el coeficiente de absorción a 254 nm (α254) y la turbidez. Para validar esos tratamientos diferentes tipos de esporas bacterianas (Bacillus subtilis, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Geobacillus stearothermophilus) y fúngicas (Aspergillus niger, Talaromyces macrosporus y Neosartorya spinosa) fueron inoculadas en las matrices. También se realizaron seguimientos de la estabilidad microbiana del zumo durante su almacenamiento para lo que se tomó en cuenta la microbiota endémica del producto. La UHPH fue efectiva en inactivar la microbiota endémica del producto y las esporas de A. niger con presiones de 200 y 300 MPa a 20ºC InT con letalidades alrededor de los 4 - 5 Log respectivamente, mientras que las esporas bacterianas de B. subtilis y A. acidoterrestris pudieron ser inactivadas en más de 4 Log únicamente con la presión de 300 MPa y al menos 70ºC de InT. Los tratamientos de UV-C fueron efectivos en la inactivación de esporas bacterianas en matrices cuya turbidez y α254 eran cercanos a 0 y a medida que las dosis y número de pases se incrementaban, también la letalidad se incrementaba, pero variaba con respecto al tipo de microorganismo, siendo A. niger el que mostró mayor resistencia ante estos tratamientos. Una combinación de UHPH y UV-C logró un efecto aditivo en la inactivación de microorganismos para la mayoría de las combinaciones ensayadas, excepto en las esporas fúngicas de T. macrosporus y N. spinosa en donde se observó un efecto sinérgico entre estas tecnologías. El efecto de estas tecnologías en los aspectos fisicoquímicos y de la calidad del zumo de manzana con fibra también fueron analizados. Se observaron cambios significativos producidos por el efecto de la UHPH a 200 y 300 MPa en los parámetros de ºBrix, color, tamaño de partícula y en la turbidez y α254 del producto. La actividad de la enzima polifenol oxidasa no fue detectada después del tratamiento de 300 MPa y la actividad residual de la pectin metil esterasa fue reducida en más del 70%. Se realizaron ensayos para medir la capacidad antioxidante del zumo turbio procesado por UHPH y UV-C y también en zumo clarificado de manzana adicionado con extracto de chía, así como un análisis cuantitativo del perfil de antioxidantes en este último. Se realizaron pruebas de análisis sensorial para conocer las preferencias entre producto tratado por UHPH, UV-C y sin tratamiento. Los cambios a nivel sensorial fueron percibidos principalmente en el olor y sabor de los zumos tratados.
This work comprises the use of two different technologies for the hygienization of apple juices. Those technologies were the ultra-high pressure homogenisation (UHPH) and short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-C). UHPH was applied with pressures of 100, 200 and 300 MPa, and UV-C treatments were performed at different doses between 1.8 – 200 J/mL, sometimes in more than one pass through the system (only UV-C) or combined with different inlet temperatures (InT). The two technologies were tested in order to elucidate their microbicidal capacities in different types of apple juices (clear and cloudy, with or without the addition of ascorbic acid or chia seed extract) and in other matrices adjusted to simulate some of the interferences that apple juice can oppose to UV-C like the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (α254) and turbidity. In order to validate those treatments, spores of different species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Geobacillus stearothermophilus) and moulds (Aspergillus niger, Talaromyces macrosporus and Neosartorya spinosa) were inoculated into the matrices. Shelf-life studies over the microbial stability of the juice were also performed, and for those the endemic microbiota of the product was also taken into consideration. UHPH was effective in inactivating the endemic microbiota of the product and A. niger spores with pressures of 200 and 300 MPa at 20 ºC InT with inactivation rates of 4 - 5 Log respectively, while the bacterial spores of B. subtilis and A. acidoterrestris could be inactivated in more than 4 Log only after 300-MPa UHPH and at least 70 ºC of InT. UV-C treatments were effective in the inactivation of bacterial spores inoculated in matrices where turbidity and α254 values were closer to 0, and when the doses and number of passes increased, lethality rates also became higher, but it varied according to the type of microorganism, being the spores of A. niger who showed the highest resistance against those treatments. A combination of UHPH and UV-C had an additive effect in the inactivation of microorganisms in most of the assayed combinations, except for the fungal spores of T. macrosporus and N. spinosa where a synergic effect between those technologies was observed. The effect of these technologies in the physicochemical and quality aspects of cloudy apple juice were analysed as well. It was observed significant changes by the effect of the UHPH at 200 and 300 MPa in the parameters of ºBrix, colour, particle size, turbidity and in α254 of the product. The activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase was not detected after the treatment of 300 MPa, and the residual activity of pectin methylesterase was reduced in more than 70%. The antioxidant capacities of cloudy apple juice and clarified apple juice with chia extract processed by UHPH and UV-C were measured, as well as a quantitative analysis of the antioxidants profile in juice with chia extract. A sensory analysis test was performed in order to know the preferences between juices treated by UHPH, UV-C and without treatment. Changes in their sensory attributes were detected mainly in odour and flavour of the treated juices.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència dels Aliments
CAMACHO, PAULO R. R. "Desinfeccao de efluentes de sistemas de tratamento de esgotos sanitarios por meio da radiacao ultravioleta." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10428.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Schmidt, Éder Carlos. "Respostas biológicas de macroalgas vermelhas submetidas à radiação ultravioleta-B." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95300.
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Kappaphycus alvarezii é uma macroalga de grande importância econômica, devido a extração de kappa carragenana de suas paredes celulares. Apresenta diversas variantes pigmentares tais como: vermelho escuro, marrom, amarelas e diferentes tonalidades de verde. A radiação ultravioleta-B (RUVB) afeta as macroalgas em diversas maneiras importantes, incluindo a redução nas taxas de crescimento, redução na produtividade primária, e mudanças na biologia celular e na organização ultraestrutural. Portanto, nós examinamos o efeito da RUVB na variante marrom de K. alvarezii durante 28 dias de cultivo sendo 3 h diárias de exposição. As plantas controle apresentaram taxas de crescimento de 7.27% dia-1, enquanto as plantas expostas a RUVB cresceram apenas 4.0% dia-1. Diferenças significativas nas taxas de crescimento e nas concentrações de ficobiliproteínas entre controle e plantas a RUVB foram verificadas. Comparado com as plantas controle, as concentrações das ficobiliproteínas apresentaram redução após a exposição RUVB. Além disso, a concentração da clorofila a diminuiu e mostrou diferenças significativas após a exposição RUVB. A RUVB ocasionou mudanças na ultraestrutura das células corticais e subcorticais, incluindo o aumento da espessura da parede celular e o número de plastoglóbulos, redução nos espaços intracelulares, alterações no contorno das células e destruição de organização interna dos cloroplastos. A reação com azul de Toluidina evidenciou um aumento na espessura da parede celular, e o ácido periódico Schiff mostrou uma diminuição no número de grãos de amido. Pelas mudanças significativas nas taxas de crescimento, nas concentrações dos pigmentos fotossintetizantes, e mudanças ultraestruturais observadas, torna-se evidente que RUVB afeta negativamente as macroalgas intermareais e sua viabilidade econômica
The effects of ultraviolet radiation-B (UVBR) in apical segments of the red macroalgae Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie were examined in vitro. Over a period of 21 days, the segments were cultivated and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 80 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and PAR +UVBR at 1.6 Wm-2 for 3 h per day. The samples were processed for electron microscopy, as well as histochemical analysis, and growth rate, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic performance were measured. Toluidine Blue reaction showed metachromatic granulations in vacuole and lenticular thickness, while Coomassie Brilliant Blue showed a higher concentration of cytoplasmic organelles, and Periodic Acid Schiff stain showed an increase in the number of floridean starch grains. UVBR also caused changes in the ultrastructure of cortical and subcortical cells, which included an increased number of plastoglobuli, changes in mitochondrial organization, destruction of chloroplast internal organization, and the disappearance of phycobilisomes. The algae cultivated under PAR-only showed growth rates of 6.0% day-1, while algae exposed to PAR +UVBR grew only 2.8% day-1. Compared with algae cultivated with PAR-only, the contents of photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, decreased after exposure to PAR + UVBR, and significant differences were observed. Finally, analysis of these four photosynthetic parameters also showed reduction after exposure to PAR + UVBR: maximum photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic efficiency, photoinhibition and relative electron transport rate. Taken together, these findings strongly suggested that UVBR negatively affects the agarophyte G. domingensis
Vicente-Ortega, Sánchez Raquel. "Efectos "in vitro" de tres extractos del capullo del gusano de la seda frente a la radiación ultravioleta B." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316588.
Full textIn the last decades the sun exposition, specially recreative or intermitent, has led to a tremendous increase in skin cancer. Photo-aging also affects young people who have exposed to the sun or artificial UV sources without protection (Camacho, 2001). For that reason, the Occidental Countries have made a millonair inversion in research studies on substancies to avoid or delay the photo-aging effects. During the last years, the esential oils have aroused great interest because of their antioxidant capacity, which could affect on photodamage mecanism, avoiding the free radycals formation and enhancing the cutaneous inmune subsystem (Siegel, 2012). II. OBJETIVES General Objective The main objective of this thesis was to compare three extracts from silkworm: fibroin, sericin and silk hidrolyzate in order to know their “in vitro” effects: a) Cytotoxic (viability and celular proliferation) on celular lines: Vero, TRAMP-C1 and HaCaT. b) Genotoxic and genoprotective on total human blood. c) Celular migration and protecction against ultravioleta B radiaton on celular line HaCaT. Specific Objectives 1º. To evaluate the cocoon of silkworm efectts: fibroin, sericin and silk hidrolyzate upon proliferation and citotoxicity of celular lines: TRAMP-C1 y HaCaT. 2º. To study the genotoxic and genoprotective silkworm extracts over total human blood. 3º. To identify the activity of silkworm extracts upon celular migration in HaCaT line. 4º. To analyze, in HaCaT line, the silkworm extracts protective effects against ultraviolet B radiation. III. RESULTS Neither fibroin or silk hydrolyzate were citotoxic upon Vero celular line trial, while sericine caused a significant disminution celular dose-response, moderately citotoxic. Fibroin was not citotoxic until 0,1%, after that concentration it showed a light dose-dependent citotoxic effect statistically significant. Sericine was more citotoxic over Vero celular line. This effect was more evident with lower concentrations (0.05 y 0.1), with sooner IC 50 on 0.22% at 24h and 0.16% at 48h. The negative dose-response effect over the cultive was estatistically significant from 0,05%. The silk hydrolyzate showed a better response respect these cells viability, with values closer or higher to 100% (control) in all the studied concentrations within 24 and 48 hours. So the silk hydrolyzate does not affect this celular line’s viability. The TRAMP-C1 cells showed celular viability values within 24 and 48 hours closer to control (near 100%) so no one of the extracts: fibroin, sericin and silk hydrolyzate showed anticancer action over TRAMP-C1 celular line in studied concentrations. In the GENOTOXICITY trial, did not exist statistically significant differences in the number of MN/500 CB in the samples treated with the three agents respect to the control. In the GENOPROTECTION trial, a disminution of MN/500 CB was observed when treatments (fibroin, sericin and silk hidrolyzate) were administrated previously to the irradiation although no one showed a statistically significant disminution respect the irradiated control. So there seems to be a protection against X radiation. As regard the CELULAR MIGRATION, the sylk hydrolyzate did not show statistically significant differences in studied concentrations (0.01 y 0.1 %) related with migration of celular line HaCaT. The PHOTOPROTECTION study showed significant results (p < 0.001) for the silk hydrolyzate and fibroin, with an important cellular viability increase within 24 y 48 hours caused by the hydrolyzate 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 concentrations and the ultraviolet minimun intensity radiation (0.08 J/cm2). Silk hydrolyzate should be considered as a photoprotective agent with a high clinic relevance, due to its activity in very low doses.
Romero, Guerra Guillermo Frank. "Mejoramiento de la producción de ramnolípidos en la cepa nativa Pseudomonas sp. 6K-11 por mutagénesis con radiación ultravioleta." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5529.
Full textTesis
Kessler, Felipe. "Funcionalização superficial de materiais poliméricos induzida por radiação eletromagnética em presença de gases e vapores reativos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26161.
Full textThe modification of a polymer surface proves to be extremely useful in several areas in which the surface properties of a material (wettability, biocompatibility, adhesion, microstructure, etc.) controls their uses and applications. Areas such as membrane technology, biotechnology and medical applications and materials and coatings technology depends on surface properties. Many surface treatment techniques well known in the literature report good results, such as corona discharge, plasma treatments, grafting by chemical treatments and UV-VUV / ozone. Surfaces of two synthetic polymers (polystyrene and polysulphone) and one natural polymer (polyhidroxibutirato) were modified by ultraviolet-assisted modification in the presence of reactive Oxygen or vapors (acrylic acid or trimetoxi propil silane). Pristine hydrophobic surfaces were modified to hydrophilic or superhidrofilic. Some treatments led to a process of photo-polymerization with formation of a thin polyacrílic acid film formed on top of the original polymer. Characterization of the treated surfaces was carried out using sensitive surface analysis techniques (WCA, FTIR-ATR, XPS, NEXAFS, and SEM). The use of monochromatic synchrotron radiation for selective excitation was investigated by irradiation of polystyrene films under conditions of ultra high vacuum and subsequent Oxygen exposure to one atmosphere. The results showed efficient functionalization of COO and C = O groups (up to 70%) by grafting the functionalities mainly onto the aromatic rings. XPS and NEXAFS results showed that the grafting occurred on the most top monolayer of the polymers. Surface functionalization induced by electromagnetic radiation (UV or SR) in the presence of reactive gases or vapors showed excellent results. The main advantages are set-up simplicity, no need of toxic reagents and high chemical selectivity when synchrotron radiation is used as excitation source.
Schmidt, Éder Carlos. "Efeitos da radiação ultravioleta-b sobre a morfisiologia de kappaphycus alvarezii (DOTY) doty ex P. Silva (gigartinales) variantes pigmentares verde e vermelha." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93271.
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Os efeitos da radiação ultravioleta nos organismos biológicos são relevantes nos comprimentos de onda UV-A (315-400 nm) e UV-B (280-315 nm). Nas algas tornaram-se uma questão importante como um efeito da depleção a camada de ozônio. No entanto, modelos experimentais para investigar esse problema são múltiplos e os organismos estudados são extremamente diversificados. Os organismos estudados incluem desde cianobactérias, diatomáceas, algas marrons, algas verdes e algas vermelhas. Estes estudos envolvem organismos de diferentes habitats: litoral marinho, mar aberto, lagoas, lagos e campos com neve. Kappaphycus alvarezii é uma macroalga vermelha que apresenta várias cores (vermelho, marrom, amarelo e verde). É natural de ambientes recifais do Indo-Pacífico, China, Japão ilhas do sudeste da Ásia, África e Oriente região até Guam. No Brasil foi introduzida na última década na região sudeste e recentemente na região sul. Apresenta interesse econômico, devido principalmente à produção de kappa carragenana. Esta carragenana apresenta grande importância econômica para a alimentação (leite e produtos derivados, sobremesas e produtos enlatados), farmacêutica, têxtil, cosméticos e indústrias por causa de suas propriedades como espessante, emulsificante, estabilizador e gelificante. A presente investigação foi realizada para ampliar o conhecimento dos possíveis efeitos biológicos da radiação UVB, na fisiologia, na bioquímica, na morfologia e na organização celular de K. alvarezii linhagens verde e vermelha. Foram cultivadas duas variantes pigmentares (verde e vermelha) a 24 º C (±2 °C), fotoperíodo de 12h, irradiância fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR) ao dia foi de 704 kJ/m# 2, água do mar enriquecida com 4% de meio von Stosch e salinidade de 34 ups. Para os tratamentos estas variantes foram expostas a RUVB 3h diárias, irradiância de 1,2 kJ/m# 2 por 28 dias. Observou-se a diminuição das taxas de crescimento nos dois segmentos apicais das duas variantes expostos a RUVB. A morfologia também foi alterada, com um enrolamento nas porções distais do talo. Os segmento apicais da variante vermelha apresentaram processo de necrose e despigmentação nas extremidades dos ramos. Os pigmentos fotossintetizantes sofreram alterações nas concentrações após exposição à RUVB, especialmente nas ficobiliproteínas (FE, FC e AFC) onde as mesmas apresentaram diminuições, enquanto a concentração de Cl a aumentou após a exposição à RUVB. As variantes pigmentares, em corte transversal, apresentaram a região cortical com uma camada de células pequenas, a subcortical possuiu células maiores. Estas células grandes apresentaram paredes celulares espessas. A metacromasia com AT-O, nas paredes de todos os tipos celulares indicaram a presença de carboidratos ácidos. Com PAS a reação foi intensa no citoplasma das células corticais e das células subcorticais, marcando os grãos de amido. Entretanto nas células dos segmentos expostos à RUVB foi observada a diminuição no número de grãos de amido. As paredes celulares PAS positivas indicaram a presença de celulose, que tornaram mais evidente nos segmentos expostos à RUVB. Com azul brilhante de Coomassie reagiu com as células corticais marcando o citoplasma e as conexões intercelulares. Com SB-B a reação foi mais intensa na cutícula. A RUVB provocou alterações também na ultra-estrutura nas células corticais, com o aumento da espessura da parede celular e alteração do contorno celular. A desestruturação da organização interna dos cloroplastos das células corticais e das células subcorticais, juntamente com o aumento no número de ribossomos livres e de plastoglóbulos foi observada. Houve redução dos espaços intracelulares e formação de corpos membranosos com vesículas concêntricas no citoplasma e no cloroplasto. Entretanto, as mitocôndrias, os dictiossomos e núcleos das células corticais e das células subcorticais não apresentaram alterações ultraestruturais. The effects of ultraviolet radiation in the biological relevant wavebands of UV-A (315#400 nm) and UV-B (280#315 nm) on algae have become an important issue as a man-made depletion of the protecting ozone layer has been reported. However, experimental designs to investigate this issue are manifold and the target organisms are extremely diverse. Data are included from the prokaryotic cyanobacteria, diatoms, brown algae, green algae and red algae. Including different habitats from marine littoral and open ocean to freshwater ponds, lakes and snow fields. A broad overview on UV effects on algae is given, with a focus on structurally visible changes. Kappaphycus alvarezii is a red macroalgae that presents several colors (red, brown, yellowish and green). It is natural from reef environments of the Indo-Pacific, China, Japan Islands of South East Asia, and East Africa region until Guam. This species was introduced in Brazil in the last decade, in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This specie also currently being cultivated in the southern region of Brazil. It is of economical interest mainly due to the production of kappa carrageenans. This phycocolloids presents a great economical importance for food (milk and derived products, desserts and canned products), pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries because of its properties as thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer and gelling agent. The present investigation was undertaken to expand the knowledge of possible biological effects of UVBradiation in physiology, morphology and cellular organization of K. alvarezii green and red strains. Two strains (green and red) were grown to 24 °C (± 2 ° C), photoperiod of 12h, photosynthetically active irradiance (PAR) was the day of 704 kJ/m- 2, sea water enriched with edium with 4 % of medium von Stosch and salinity of 34 ups. For the treatments were exposed to these variants RUVB for 3 h daily, irradiance of 1.2 kJ/m- 2 for 28 days. There was a decrease in growth rates in the two apical segments of the two strains exposed to RUVB. The morphology was also changed, with a winding in the distal portions of the stalk. The apical segment of the red variant showed necrosis and depigmentation of the process ends of the branches. The pigments change in concentrations after exposure to RUVB especially phycobiliproteins (FE, FC and AFC) where they showed decreases, while the concentration of Cla increased after exposure to RUVB. The strains in cross section, show the cortical region with a layer of small cells, the cells have more subcortical. These large cells have thick cell walls. The metachromatic with AT-O, on the walls of all cell types indicates the presence of carbohydrates acids. With the PAS reaction was intense in the cytoplasm of the cells of cortical and subcortical cells, marking the grains of starch. Meanwhile in cells exposed to the segments RUVB was a decrease in the number of grains of starch. The PAS positive cell walls indicate the presence of cellulose, which became more evident in the segments exposed to RUVB. CBB reacted cortical cells marking the cytoplasm and intercellular connections. SB with the reaction was more intense in the cuticle. The RUVB also caused changes in ultrastructure in cortical cells, with increasing thickness of the cell wall and change the contour cell. The destruction of the internal organization of the chloroplasts of the cells and cortical cells subcortical, along with the increase in the number of free ribosomes and plastoglobuli was observed. There was a reduction of intracellular spaces and formation of vesicles with concentric membranous bodies in the cytoplasm. However, the mitochondria, the cell nuclei and dictyosomes cortical and subcortical cells showed no ultrastructural alterations.
Sánchez, Bobadilla Claudia Francisca. "Aplicación de radiación UV-C sobre hojas de berro (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) mínimamente procesado conservado bajo atmósfera modificada." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148412.
Full textLos productos mínimamente procesados en fresco (MPF) están listos para consumir, es por esto que su higienización es la principal etapa, donde el sanitizante más usado es hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO). Este sanitizante podría generar residuos y la posible formación de compuestos cancerígenos, por esto la industria de alimentos MPF está buscando nuevas alternativas más amigables con el medio ambiente y para la salud humana. En este sentido, la sanitización con radiación UV-C es un método que no deja residuos en el alimento, en combinación con el uso de atmósfera modificada, las hortalizas se mantienen con una baja respiración, alargando su vida útil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la radiación UV-C sobre la tasa respiratoria y la carga microbiana de hojas de berros MPF. Para esto se utilizaron berros hidropónicos tratados con 5 dosis de UV-C de 0,34 a 20,13 kJ m- ² y un tratamiento con hipoclorito de sodio (100 mg L-1 ) como testigo. Todos los tratamientos fueron envasados en atmósfera modificada y almacenados a 5 ºC durante 10 días. Se evaluaron los parámetros de respiración, concentración de gases en las bolsas, color, recuento microbiológico y parámetros sensoriales. Las hojas de berros tratados con 20,13 kJ m-2 de radiación UV-C presentaron la tasa respiratoria más baja que el resto de los tratamientos aplicados, con 23,4 mg CO2 kg-1 h -1 . Sin embargo, esta dosis, no fue efectiva en la reducción de la carga microbiana. Tras 10 días de almacenamiento, los recuentos de aerobios mesófilos más bajos se obtuvieron con dosis de 10,15 y 15,14 kJ m-2 , siendo de 4,3 y 4,5 log UFC g-1 respectivamente, en tanto, que 20,13 kJ m- ², presentó la mayor carga, 7,8 log UFC g-1 . Los tratamientos con UV-C obtuvo resultados de color y análisis sensorial similar al NaClO 100 mg L-1 , por tanto la UV-C surge como una buena alternativa como tratamiento sanitizante en hojas de berros.
The fresh-cut vegetable (MPF) are ready to consume, reason why the sanitization is the main stage, where the most widely used sanitizer is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). This sanitizer could generate waste and the possible formation of carcinogenic compounds, so the food industry is looking for new alternatives MPF friendlier to the environment and to human health. In this sense, the sanitization with UV-C is a method that leaves no residue in the food and, in combination with the use of modified atmosphere, vegetables remain a low breath, extending its life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV-C radiation on respiration rate and microbial load MPF watercress leaves. This was used for hydroponic watercress treated with 5 doses of UV-C from 0.34 to 20.13 kJ m- ² and a treatment with sodium hypochlorite (100 mg L-1 ) as a control. All treatments were modified atmosphere packaged and stored at 5 ° C for 10 days. Parameters were evaluated breathing, concentration of gases in the bags, color, microbiological counts and sensory parameters. Watercress leaves treated with 20.13 kJ m-2 UV-C had respiratory rate lower than the rest of the treatments applied with 23.4 mg CO2 kg-1 h -1 . However, this dose, was not effective in reducing microbial load. After 10 days of storage, mesophilic aerobic counts were obtained with doses of 10.15 and 15.14 kJ m-2 , with 4.3 and 4.5 log cfu g-1 respectively, and that 20.13 kJ m-² had the highest, 7.8 log cfu g-1 . The treatment with UV-C and scored color NaClO sensory analysis similar to 100 mg L-1 , therefore the UV-C emerges as a good alternative for treatment in watercress leaves sanitizer.
Thomas, Gavelán Elizabeth. "Conocimientos y actitudes relacionados a exposición solar y fotoprotección en pacientes ambulatorios atendidos en los servicios de dermatología de cuatro hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15135.
Full textTrabajo académico
Moya, Cahuana Thalia Marité, Oscco Rosa Isabel Osorio, Cahuana Thalia Marité Moya, and Oscco Rosa Isabel Osorio. "Actividad fotoprotectora de formulación tópica a base del extracto hidroalcohólico de Fragaria vesca L. (fresa)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/6878.
Full textTesis
Cárdenas, Cáceres Pablo. "Desarrollo de un sistema de automatización para máquinas de curado ultravioleta orientadas a la industria gráfica peruana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6306.
Full textTesis
Calderon, Avellaneda Valeria del Rosario. "Estudio del diseño e implementación de un sistema de pruebas para desinfección de equipos de protección personal N95 mediante radiación ultravioleta." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18111.
Full textTrabajo de investigación
Guanter, Palomar Luis. "New algorithms for atmospheric correction and retrieval of biophysical parameters in earth observation. Application to ENVISAT/MERIS data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9877.
Full textÁlvarez, Sánchez Nuria. "Efectos saludables de flavonoides. Estudio experimental in vitro e in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10757.
Full textApigenin (4', 5, 7 trihidroxyflavone), a flavonoid present in different plants, shows some healthy characteristics for which a water soluble derivated, potassium apigenin, was chosen for this study.It has been studied the activity of potassium apigenin against acute inflammation, prostate cancer and the effect of ionising and non-ionising (UV) radiations, using different techniques, both in vitro and in vivo models.This flavonoid showed anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the inflammation by up to 78%. It also demonstrated chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer, by reducing the cell viability and migration, inducing apoptosis and increasing the animal survival. Moreover, potassium apigenin showed genoprotector and citoprotector effects against ionising radiation (radiation γ and X), with a protection factor of 27-35% in human lymphocytes and of 50-86% in two prostate cell lines. Finally, the flavonoid protected from the photoaging induced by UV radiation, diminishing epithelial dysplasia and dermal elastosis, two markers of skin cancer; furthermore, potassium apigenin was detected in some tissues, brain among them.
Scariot, Lidiane Ângela. "Efeitos da radiação ultravioleta-B na germinação e desenvolvimento dos tetrásporos de Gelidium floridanum (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/94172.
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O aumento na incidência de radiação ultravioleta-B, como consequência da depleção da camada de ozônio, tem ampliado o interesse sobre os efeitos desta faixa do espectro solar sobre as comunidades de macroalgas marinhas. Estudos previamente realizados têm comprovado a sensibilidade dos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento das algas frente à radiação ultravioleta-B. Gelidium floridanum é uma macroalga vermelha produtora de ágar, encontrada na região do mesolitoral inferior dos costões rochosos e, por isso, frequentemente exposta à radiação UV-B. Com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos da radiação UV-B sobre tetrásporos e plântulas de G. floridanum, foram realizados em laboratório uma série de experimentos onde foram estabelecidos dois grupos: controle (PAR) e tratado (PAR+UV-B). Ambos os grupos foram cultivados sob fotoperíodo de 12h, temperatura de 24°C, irradiância PAR de ±80 ?mol.fótons.m-2.s-1 e salinidade de 35ups. O meio no qual as amostras foram cultivadas foi composto de água do mar esterilizada e filtrada, enriquecida com solução von Stosch (4mL.L-1). Além disto, as amostras tratadas foram submetidas a 0,12 W.m-2 de radiação UV-B artificial, 2h por dia, ao longo de 15 dias. A avaliação das amostras foi realizada a cada 3 dias, após a exposição, visando acompanhar os efeitos da radiação UV-B sobre o processo germinativo. Os parâmetros avaliados tidos como marcadores de efeito da RUV-B, sobre o processo germinativo, foram: a taxa de crescimento, razão comprimento/largura (C/L) e a frequência de tipos morfológicos ao longo do tempo. Os efeitos também foram observados sob microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão visando identificar alterações na organização celular e sub-celular. Comparativamente ao controle, as plântulas irradiadas apresentaram a taxa de crescimento potencialmente reduzida e alteração da razão C/L com nítido atraso do processo germinativo. Com relação às alterações morfológicas, foram observadas torções do talo, perda na pigmentação, formação de várias células apicais, alterações no direcionamento do crescimento do talo e a formação de regiões de expansão da parede celular. As principais alterações ultraestruturais foram especialmente relacionadas ao aparato fotossintético, com danos à estrutura dos tilacóides, aumento no número de plastoglóbulos e formação de vesículas no estroma. Outras alterações como redução do número de corpos de Golgi, espessamento da parede celular, vacuolização citoplasmática e aumento do número de grãos de amido acumulados foram observadas nas amostras irradiadas. Estas observações forneceram evidências experimentais indicando que os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de G. floridanum são bastante sensíveis à radiação UV-B, com potenciais danos ao crescimento e à diferenciação do talo.
Oliveira, Eliana Medeiros de. "Estudo dos efeitos da radiação ultravioleta-B na organização celular durante o desenvolvimento inicial de Nemalion helminthoides (Velley in With). Batters (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta)." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100661.
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As mudanças globais têm sido amplamente discutidas, e dentre essas mudanças, destaca-se o aumento da incidência da radiação ultravioleta B, em função da contínua destruição da camada de ozônio. Estudos científicos têm evidenciado os efeitos deletérios da exposição à radiação UV-B sobre as macroalgas, mas poucos estudos têm abordado o impacto dessa radiação sobre a germi-nação de esporos e desenvolvimento de fases juvenis. Nemalion helminthoides é uma alga vermelha amplamente distribuída nas regiões temperadas e subtropicais do planeta. Na única fase ma-croscópica da espécie, N. helminthoides mostra um talo cilíndrico e gelatinoso, e é encontrada fixada às rochas de regiões interti-dais, estando frequentemente exposta à radiação solar. Analisar os efeitos da radiação ultravioleta B sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de Nemalion helminthoides foi o principal objetivo deste trabalho. Para tanto, carpósporos de N. helminthoides foram cul-tivados em laboratório, e foram estabelecidos dois grupos: Con-trole, expostos somente à radiação fotossintéticamente ativa PAR; e tratado, expostos à radiação PAR e UV-B. O grupo tratado foi submetido a 1,6 W.m-2 de radiação UV-B artificial, 2h por dia, ao longo de 12 dias. As amostras foram avaliadas a cada três dias. O grupo controle mostrou crescente proliferação celular, crescente acúmulo de substâncias de reservas e intensa ramificação nos últimos estágios observados, 9 e 12 dias de desenvolvimento. Nas células do grupo controle o cloroplasto ocupou grande espaço na célula, empurrando as demais organelas para a periferia celular. Além disso, o cloroplasto apresentou um característico pirenóide globoso, profusamente atravessado por lamelas de tilacóides. As células mostraram freqüente associação entre mitocôndrias, nú-cleos, corpos de Golgi e retículo endoplasmático rugoso, intera-ção que favorece a intensa atividade metabólica característica de fases iniciais de desenvolvimento. Os tetrasporófitos do grupo tratado apresentaram danos a importantes organelas celulares, tais como: desestruturação do pirenóide, perda da organização do cloroplasto, alteração nas cristas mitocondriais, crescente atro-fia dos corpos de Golgi. Além de alterações nos padrões de de-senvolvimento, como perda da polaridade nas primeiras divisões do carpósporo e ramificação anormal do talo filamentoso. Em relação à autofluorescência do cloroplasto, o grupo controle mostrou crescente aumento na auto-fluorescência ao longo do desenvolvimento. Enquanto no grupo tratado a autofluorescência acompanhou a intensidade do grupo controle para 3 e 6 dias, mas mostrou redução de aproximadamente 50% na autofluores-cência em 9 e 12 dias de desenvolvimento, em relação ao grupo controle. As principais alterações nas células de N. helminthoides aconteceram no cloroplasto. Os dados de quantificação da auto-fluorescência coincidiram com as alterações ultraestrutrais apre-sentadas no cloroplasto das células expostas à radiação ultravio-leta B, sugerindo efeitos nocivos dessa radiação ao aparato fotos-sintético, síntese e acúmulo de substâncias de reserva, como o amido das florídeas, os plastoglóbulos e o pirenóide. Além disso, a radiação alterou o padrão de desenvolvimento dos tetrasporófi-tos. Sugere-se neste estudo que a próxima fase do ciclo de vida da espécie, a formação dos tetrasporângios, onde ocorre a meio-se e formação dos tetrásporos, seria comprometida caso os te-trasporófitos jovens continuassem no regime de exposição à ra-diação ultravioleta, mas somente estudos mais longos podem dizer se esta exposição poderá interferir e/ou interromper o ciclo de vida de N. helminthoides.
Global changes have been widely discussed, and among these changes, there is an increased incidence of ultraviolet B radiation, due to the continuous destruction of the ozone layer. Scientific studies have shown the deleterious effects of exposure to UV-B radiation on macro algae, but few studies have addressed the impact of this radiation on spore germination and development of juvenile stages. Nemalion helminthoides is a red alga widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the planet. In the only macroscopic phase of the species, N. helminthoides shows a cylindrical and gelatinous stem, and is found attached to rocks in intertidal areas, being frequently exposed to solar radia-tion. To analyze the effects of ultraviolet B on the initial develop-ment of Nemalion helminthoides is the main objective of this work. For this new set of carpospores Nemalion helminthoides were cultured in the laboratory, and were arranged in two groups: control, exposed only to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); and treated, exposed to PAR and UV-B. The treated group was exposed to 1.6 Wm -2 UV-B artificial radiation 2 hours a day over 12 days. Specimens from both groups were evaluated every three days. The control group showed increasing cell proliferation, in-creasing accumulation of reserve substances and intense branch-ing in the latter observed stages of 9 and 12 days of develop-ment. In the cells from the control group the chloroplast occupied much space, pushing the other cell organelles to the periphery. Furthermore, the chloroplast showed a typical globular pyrenoid profusely traversed by thylakoid lamellae. The cells showed fre-quent association between mitochondria, nucleus, Golgi bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum, interaction that favors the in-tense metabolic activity, characteristic of early stages of devel-opment. The sporelings from the treated group showed damage to significant cell organelles, such as: pyrenoid disruption, loss of organization of chloroplast, changes in mitochondrial cristae, increasing atrophy of the Golgi bodies, in addition to changes in development patterns, such as loss of polarity in the first divisions of carpospore and abnormal filamentous thallus branching. Re-garding the autofluorescence of the chloroplast, the control group showed increasing growth in the photosynthetic response during development. While in the treated group the autofluorescence followed the intensity for the control group for 3 and 6 days but showed approximately a 50% reduction in re-sponse of the photosynthetic apparatus in the stages of 9 and 12 days in relation of the control group. The major damage to the cells of N. helminthoides happened in the chloroplast. The quan-tification of autofluorescence data coincided with the ultra struc-tural changes made in the chloroplast of cells exposed to ultra-violet B radiation, showing the harmful effects of this radiation to the photosynthetic apparatus, synthesis and accumulation of re-serve substances such as floridean starch grains, plastoglobuli and pyrenoid . Furthermore, the radiation changed the develop-ment pattern of the seedling. It is suggested in this study that the next stage of reproduction of the species, the formation of tetrasporangia, where meiosis and formation of the tetraspores occur, would be compromised if the seedlings continued in the regime of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, but only longer term studies can tell whether this exposure may interfere with and / or interrupt the life cycle of N. helminthoides.
Ramos, Torres Yuriko Cecilia. "Prendas de vestir con protección de rayos ultra violeta." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18556.
Full textTrabajo de investigación
Llabrés, Comamala Maria Moira. "Phytoplankton cell death induced by solar ultraviolet radiation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9374.
Full textMoya, Cahuana Thalia Marité, and Oscco Rosa Isabel Osorio. "Actividad fotoprotectora de formulación tópica a base del extracto hidroalcohólico de Fragaria vesca L. (fresa)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6878.
Full textTesis
Culquimboz, Serván Lourdes Jhuliana, and Rodas Jackeline Escudero. "Evaluación in vitro de la actividad antioxidante, antielastasa y anticolagenasa en el extracto etanólico del fruto de Vasconcellea weberbaueri (Harms) V. M. Badillo y determinación de la actividad fotoprotectora in vitro en una crema base." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9997.
Full textTesis
Dávila, Guerra William. "Actividad fotoprotectora in vitro del aceite esencial de Citrus medica L. frente a la radiación UVB y elaboración de una emulsión dermocosmética." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8133.
Full textDetermina la actividad fotoprotectora in vitro del aceite esencial de Citrus medica L. “toronja” frente a la radiación UVB y elabora una emulsión dermocosmética. La planta es clasificada previamente en el Departamento de Botánica del Museo de Historia Natural de la UNMSM; el aceite esencial se obtiene a través de un sistema de destilación por arrastre con vapor de agua y la elaboración de la emulsión dermocosmética se realiza mediante la mezcla del aceite esencial a diferentes concentraciones con la base emulsiva. Se determina el Factor de Protección Solar (FPS) de la emulsión dermocosmética la cual contiene diferentes concentraciones del aceite de Citrus medica L. al 1%, 3%, 5% y 10%, obteniéndose valores de FPS 5.9, 6.1, 6.15 y 6.21 respectivamente; lo cual demuestra que la emulsión dermocosmética con Citrus medica L. presenta actividad fotoprotectora y puede ser aplicada en diferentes productos dermatológicos para el cuidado y mantenimiento de la piel.
Tesis
Freitas, Michelle Carneiro de Andrade de. "Influência de fatores exógenos na germinação de esporos e da radiação ultravioleta B (RUV B) no desenvolvimento de gametófitos de Acrostichum Danaeifolium Langsd." Florianópolis, SC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96239.
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A distribuição da vegetação mundial vem se alterando ao longo do tempo, mas atualmente as alterações climáticas estão ocorrendo rapidamente devido ao aumento da emissão de gases que causam o "efeito estufa" e o aquecimento global. Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch. (Polypodiopsida, Pteridaceae) é uma pteridófita que cresce tipicamente em ambientes salobres ou salinos que cercam as costas, sendo também encontrada em alguns manguezais da Ilha de Santa Catarina. Considerados ecossistemas costeiros de transição entre os ambientes terrestre e marinho, os manguezais possuem riqueza e importância biológica como grandes "berçários" naturais. Esse ecossistema poderá ser severamente atingido pelas mudanças climáticas. Conhecer a fisiologia de sua vegetação e suas possíveis adaptações é de fundamental importância para sua preservação. Dessa forma o estudo da germinação de A. danaeifolium e de seu desenvolvimento gametofítico está implicado no conhecimento de suas características reprodutivas, visando à conservação e o manejo da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de variações no pH, temperatura, salinidade e da radiação UV B (RUV B) na porcentagem de germinação de esporos de A. danaeifolium, além de verificar alterações morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas em gametófitos jovens submetidos à RUV B. Frondes férteis da espécie foram coletadas na área de preservação permanente (APP) do manguezal do Itacorubi situado na região centro-oeste da Ilha de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil. Esporos foram filtrados em papel entretela e armazenados a 7ºC. O teste de germinação foi realizado em sala de cultivo a 25ºC (27 mol m-2s-1). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na germinação de esporos nos diferentes pHs utilizados (4 a 9). Temperaturas amenas (15-20ºC) inibiram e/ou retardaram a germinação, enquanto que na temperatura de 30ºC encontrou-se a máxima germinação da espécie. Observou-se uma diminuição na porcentagem de germinação com o aumento da salinidade e um retardo na germinação de esporos, com 7 dias de cultivo, submetidos à RUV B. Pode-se observar também redução de crescimento em gametófitos submetidos à RUV B, bem como o surgimento de ramificações anômalas, em imagens capturadas por microscópio confocal de varredura a laser. Alterações ultraestruturais no sistema de membranas dos cloroplastos e maior presença de grãos de amido e plastoglóbulos foram observadas em gametófitos submetidos à RUV B. Não foram observadas diferenças nas curvas rápidas de luz, obtidas pelo fluorímetro PAM, tanto nos gametófitos submetidos à RUV B, quanto no controle. Houve variação na concentração de clorofilas com a diminuição de clorofila a e aumento de clorofila b em gametófitos submetidos à RUV B. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa com relação aos carotenóides, mas observou-se aumento de compostos fenólicos em gametófitos cultivados sob RUV B
The distribution of the global vegetation has been changing over time, but now climate change is occurring rapidly due to increased emission of gases causing the "greenhouse effect" and global warming. Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fish. (Polypodiopsida, Pteridaceae) is a fern that typically grows in brackish or saline surrounding the coast being also found in some mangroves of the island of Santa Catarina. Coastal ecosystems considered transitional between terrestrial and marine environments, mangroves have wealth and great biological importance as natural "nurseries". This ecosystem may be severely affected by climate change. Knowing the physiology of its vegetation and its possible adaptations has fundamental importance to its preservation. Thus the study of germination and development of A. danaeifolium gametophyte is implicated in the knowledge of their reproductive characteristics, aiming at the conservation and management of the species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of variations on pH, temperature, salinity and UV B radiation in the germination of spores of A. danaeifolium, correlating them the likely changes caused by climate change, and to identify morphophysiological and biochemical changes in young gametophytes undergo UV B radiation. Fertile fronds of this species were collected in permanent preservation areas (APP) of mangrove Itacorubi located in the central-west of Santa Catarina Island, SC, Brazil. Spores were filtered lens paper and stored at 7 º C. The germination test was conducted in culture room at 25°C (27 mol m-2s-1). There were no statistically significant differences in germination of spores used in the different pHs (4-9). Mild temperatures (15-20 º C) inhibited and / or delayed germination, while the temperature of 30°C was found maximum germination of the species. There was a decrease in germination with increasing salinity and a delay in spore germination, with 7 days of culture, under UV B radiation. One can also observe a reduction of growth in gametophytes subjected to UV B radiation as well as the emergence of anomalous branches in images captured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in the membrane system of chloroplasts and greater presence of starch grains and plastoglobules were observed in gametophytes subjected to UV B radiation. No differences were observed in the rapid light curves, obtained by the PAM fluorometer, both in gametophytes subjected to UV B radiation and in control. There were variations in chlorophyll concentration, with decreased of chlorophyll a and increase of chlorophyll b. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to carotenoids, but there was an increase of phenolic compounds in gametophytes grown under UV B radiation
Vásquez, Aquino Diana Emperatriz. "Efectos del fulereno C60 y cobre mediados por luz UV-VIS en Daphnia magna en condiciones de laboratorio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3722.
Full textIn recent years there has emerged a new technology in the nanometer range today called Nanotechnology. Since its discovery, production and use of nanomaterials has been increased rapidly. One is the Fullerene (C60), which is used in different fields of science and technology such as medicine, cosmetics, electricity, among others. This new industry generates waste production are destined for aquatic environments, just as the use of waste products containing nanomaterials as are some detergents, sunscreens, deodorants. As is well known aquatic environments are dynamic and shaped by multiple components. However, there have been sufficient assessments of the potential effects of exposure to this compound in the environment and therefore, in organisms, even more, its interaction with other pollutants of natural or artificial origin. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of a nanocomposite called Fullerene (C60) on a water body called Daphnia magna, mediated by two other factors: a metal (copper) and the ultraviolet light in the laboratory. To do this, “daphnia” which were subsequently reproduced considering 16h light / 8h dark and feeding based on basic Nutrafiin (3g) supplemented with yeast (0.05g) was obtained. After the culture was subjected to youth organizations Daphnia magna, to different treatments for 48 h, after which the following were evaluated: 1) LD50 and EC50 in different concentrations of Fullerene (C60) and Copper; 2) The degree of oxidative stress generated by a concentration gradient of fullerene (C60) and Copper; 3) Assess their behavior considering the frequency of jumps per minute when exposed to different concentrations and under the influence of UV light (pre and post); and 4) Evaluate the production of melanin in response to exposure of fullerene C60 and copper at different concentrations and under the influence of UV light (pre and post). This allowed us to estimate the environmental risk of fullerene contaminants coupled with classics like a metal (copper) and UV light in order to propose possible mechanisms of action. The results show no statistically significant differences in antioxidant capacity between before and after treatment with UV -Vis light, however there are differences at the behavioral level (frequency hopping) and between the amount of melanin generated between both treatments considering fullerene C60 mixture and Copper, and pre and post exposure to UV radiation. Keywords: Fullerene (C60), Copper, antioxidant capacity, frequency jumps, Melanin.
Tesis
Berli, Federico. "Respuesta de Vitis vinífera L. cv. Malbec a UV-B y ABA." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2011. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/4703.
Full textMalbec is the most important red grapevine variety in the Argentinean wine industry and Mendoza produces over 80% of the total. The areas located at higher altitudes are experiencing increases in vineyards, mainly because of the production of grapes rich in phenolic compounds, responsible for many of the desired characteristics in red wines, for its organoleptic and antioxidant value. Based on the above, the objective was to characterize the UV-B radiation received by plants in one of the highest-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, studying the effects of UV-B, the application of ABA, and their interaction, on physiological and biochemical aspects affecting grapes growth (yield) and enological quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec.
Fil: Berli, Federico. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
Martín, Vanesa Noemí. "Rediseño y evaluación de un equipo de radiación UV-C para alimentos de origen vegetal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2019. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13929.
Full textFil: Martín, Vanesa Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
Limas, Pino Priscila Milagros. "Formulación de una crema dermocosmética a base de extracto de Theobroma cacao L. con actividad fotoprotectora en ratones albinos Balb c." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7903.
Full textDetermina la acción fotoprotectora de una crema dermocosmética a base de extracto de semilla de Theobroma cacao L. en la piel de ratones Mus musculus Balb c, sometidos a radiación ultravioleta. Se evalúan las características fisicoquímicas (solubilidad, cantidad de fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante) y marcha fitoquímica del extracto se semilla de Theobroma cacao L. Se diseñan formulaciones a concentraciones diferentes de extracto en la crema. Posteriormente son sometidas a estudios de estabilidad preliminar a la temperatura de 5, 25 y 40 0C durante 15 días, teniendo como parámetros de análisis organolépticos: aspecto, color y olor; parámetros fisicoquímicos: pH, viscosidad. La formulación óptima es la Nº 5 en concentraciones al 1, 2 y 3% de extracto seco de semilla de cacao; se realizan análisis microbiológicos y capacidad antioxidante de las tres concentraciones de la crema.
Tesis
Schepers, Gassner M. Christina. "Células dendríticas en la dermatomiositis: estudio en piel, músculo y lesiones cutáneas fotoinducidas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2156.
Full textLos objetivos de esta tesis fueron los siguientes:
I. Caracterización fenotípica de las células de morfología dendrítica en lesiones cutáneas de DM y determinación de la presencia de marcadores de activación inmunológica ( moléculas de adhesión y HLA-DR) en las células dendríticas. Establecer las diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas de las células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas y las células dendríticas CD34 positivas en piel afecta y aparentemente sana de pacientes con DM y comparar con el lupus eritematoso.
II. Analizar la relación entre las células del infiltrado inflamatorio y la microvasculatura dérmica con la presencia de :
a) Moléculas de adhesión
b) Antígeno asociado al linfocito cutáneo.
c) Depósitos del complejo de ataque de membrana.
III. Caracterización fenotípica de las células de morfología dendrítica en el infiltrado inflamatorio muscular y comparación con los hallazgos cutáneos.
IV. Establecer el grado de fotosensibilidad en pacientes con DM y estudio comparativo de las células dendríticas y presencia de depósitos del complejo de ataque de membrana en lesiones fotoinducidas.
Los infiltrados inflamatorios focales en piel afecta de DM están compuestos fundamentalmente por linfocitos T helper, gran número de macrófagos y alguna célula de Langerhans (Hausmann y cols., 1991). Dados los avances en el campo de la inmunohistoquímica que demostraban la importancia de las células dendríticas en los procesos inmunológicos (Caux y cols.,1996) es interesante conocer si las recientemente descritas células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas y las células dendríticas CD34 positivas forman también parte de los infiltrados inflamatorios de la DM. Los hallazgos más relevantes de esta tesis son los siguientes:
El número de células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas en el intersticio de la dermis en las lesiones cutáneas de la dermatomiositis está muy disminuido en relación con el patrón propio de la piel sana y no forman parte del infiltrado inflamatorio. Sin embargo, existe un discreto aumento de estas células en la zona perivascular de la dermis. El hecho de que la mayoría de células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas, como hemos dicho situados preferentemente alrededor de los vasos dérmicos, expresan en su superficie los antígenos del sistema mayor de histocompatibilidad HLA-DR sugiere que estas células ejercen un papel en el desarrollo de las lesiones cutáneas, aunque por el momento es desconocido. La demostración de que existe una disminución de las células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas en las lesiones cutáneas de la dermatomiositis apoya la teoría de que estas células serían de una estirpe celular funcionalmente similar a la de las células de Langerhans. Es un hecho previamente conocido que las células de Langerhans están prácticamente ausentes en la epidermis suprayacente a los infiltrados inflamatorios de las lesiones cutáneas de la dermatomiositis.
De forma similar a lo que ocurre con las células de Langerhans, no existen células dendríticas factor XIIIa positivas en el músculo sano. Nuestro estudio ha permitido demostrar la ausencia de estas células también en el músculo afecto por la dermatomiositis. Ello representa un hecho más que apoya la evidencia de que los mecanismos que originan y desarrollan la inflamación en piel y músculo son distintos.
El número de células dendríticas CD34 positivas está aumentado en el intersticio de la dermis de las lesiones cutáneas de dermatomiositis, aunque se observa una disminución de las mismas en la zona perivascular. Estudios in vitro han demostrado un aumento de las moléculas de adhesión en la zona perivascular coincidiendo con la disminución del número de células CD34 positivas. Las células CD34 positivas podrían actuar regulando (inhibiendo) la adhesión y la migración celular.
Se ha comprobado un notable aumento de estas células en el tejido septal del músculo afecto por la dermatomiositis. Desde los septos, las células dendríticas CD34 positivas invaden la zona periférica del músculo en las áreas en las que existe atrofia perifascicular. Se encuentran también junto a macrófagos en las zonas donde existe necrosis de las fibras musculares así como rodeando los infiltrados inflamatorios, pero no formando parte de los mismos.
El papel de las células dendríticas CD34 positivas en estos procesos inflamatorios es desconocido por el momento. El aumento de expresión de las moléculas de adhesión VCAM e ICAM-1 por estas células en relación con la piel sana es un argumento a favor de su participación específica en estos procesos.
Se puede concluir, a la luz de lo explicado, que en la DM existen cambios en la distribución de las células dendríticas localizadas en la unidad microvascular dérmica, encrucijada entre la dermis y la circulación sistémica donde se cree que ocurren los cambios primarios de la DM. Posiblemente cambios antigénicos externos, cambios microambientales en las citocinas o la lesión microvascular primaria podrían resultar en un cambio en la distribución de las células dendríticas y éstas a su vez ser responsables de la respuesta inmune en la DM.
El HECA-452 (marcador del antígeno asociado al linfocito cutáneo-CLA) se expresa en un 60-70% de las células de los infiltrados inflamatorios cutáneos. No existe expresión de HECA-452 en las mismas células inflamatorias del músculo. Así confirmamos que el CLA participa en el reclutamiento específico de las células inflamatorias hacia la piel afecta de DM.
Se ha demostrado el depósito constante del complejo de ataque de membrana (MAC) en la unión dermoepidérmica y en los vasos del plexo vascular superficial, aunque no únicamente en la zona donde existe infiltrado inflamatorio, sino también en zonas alejadas del mismo.
La radiación ultravioleta probablemente actúe como factor desencadenante de la reacción inmune anómala que ocurre en la DM en personas genéticamente predispuestos. En nuestro estudio encontramos fotosensibilidad en más de la mitad de los pacientes afectos pero sólo 3 tenían una dosis eritema mínimo patológica. Nosotros no pudimos inducir con la radiación UVB lesiones clínicamente compatibles con DM. Probablemente, y al igual que sucede en el lupus eritematoso son precisas dosis mayores y repetidas de radiación ultravioleta. El estudio de los depósitos del complejo de ataque de membrana en las lesiones cutáneas fotoinducidas muestra ya su presencia en las muestras obtenidas por biopsia realizada a las seis horas después de la exposición lumínica. Esta observación apoya la teoría que supone la participación precoz del complejo de ataque de membrana en el desarrollo de las lesiones inflamatorias de piel y músculo en la dermatomiositis. Este estudio demuestra que la radiación ultravioleta juega un papel en la etiopatogenia de la DM y consecuentemente todos los pacientes deberían minimizar su exposición solar o utilizar filtros solares de amplio espectro para reducir el empeoramiento o prevenir un brote de DM.
LOPERGOLO, LILIAN C. "Estudo da estrutura e dos parametros de reticulacao de membranas hidrofilas a base de poli(N-vinil-2-pirrolidona) induzidas por radiacao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11073.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:97/07146-6
Prudencio, Quiroz Jacqueline Marleny, and Arroyo Estefany Viviana Bustamante. "Determinación in vitro de la actividad fotoprotectora UVB en una crema de protección solar formulada con extracto hidroglicólico de Lepidium meyenii (maca)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/7820.
Full textDetermina la actividad fotoprotectora UVB in vitro en una crema de protección solar formulada con extracto hidroglicólico de Lepidium meyenii “maca”. Se evalúa la actividad antioxidante in vitro del extracto, mediante el método del DPPH. Se realizan siete formulaciones: una con benzofenona-3 (F1), tres con el extracto a diferentes concentraciones (F2, F3 y F4) y se compara con tres formulaciones conteniendo un potenciador de FPS llamado booster (Argania spinosa “argán”, Tocoferol acetato y Bisabolol) (F5, F6 y F7). Se determina la actividad fotoprotectora UVB in vitro por el método de Mansur. Se obtiene un IC 50 de 14,85% para el extracto y 6,06% para el booster, las concentraciones usadas de extracto y del booster en las formulaciones son 1%, 5% y 10%. Se encuentra un aumento significativo de las medias del FPS de las formulaciones que contienen el extracto de maca. De esta manera se demuestra que el extracto de maca tiene actividad fotoprotectora, siendo una especie de interés para la fitocosmética y la fotoprotección.
Tesis
García, Ivars Jorge. "OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MEMBRANAS POLIMÉRICAS DE ULTRAFILTRACIÓN DE BAJO ENSUCIAMIENTO Y ESTUDIO DE CONDICIONES DE FABRICACIÓN." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/54125.
Full text[ES] Con el fin de mejorar las propiedades permeselectivas y la resistencia al ensuciamiento, en el presente trabajo de investigación se estudió la síntesis y desarrollo de membranas poliméricas planas de ultrafiltración de bajo ensuciamiento mediante la incorporación de diversos aditivos de diferente naturaleza (orgánica e inorgánica) e hidrofilicidad a escala nanoscópica. Para ello, se investigaron dos tipos diferentes de modificación de membranas: mediante la introducción de aditivos en la disolución polimérica durante el proceso de fabricación de la membrana (método de inversión de fase vía precipitación por inmersión), y mediante la modificación superficial de membranas ya fabricadas inducida por radiación ultravioleta. En ambos métodos, la influencia de los aditivos a distintas concentraciones en la morfología y en las propiedades permeselectivas (permeabilidad y selectividad) de las membranas poliméricas fue estudiada mediante distintas técnicas analíticas y microscópicas (espectroscopia infrarroja, microscopia electrónica de barrido, microscopía de fuerza atómica, medidas de mojabilidad, mediante ángulo de contacto, y determinación de porosidad, entre otros). Los aditivos seleccionados para modificar la estructura polimérica fueron un compuesto orgánico (polietilenglicol con un peso molecular de 400 Da), dos óxidos metálicos (óxido de aluminio y óxido de zinc) y un calcogenuro (disulfuro de tungsteno). Los ensayos se realizaron a escala de laboratorio en una planta de ultrafiltración convencional con membranas de distinto material polimérico (poliéterimida, polisulfona y poliétersulfona) y con membranas comerciales (todas ellas de poliétersulfona fabricadas por el método de inversión de fase). Cada ensayo fue dividido en tres etapas: determinación de permeabilidad hidráulica y resistencia intrínseca de membrana, determinación de umbral de corte molecular (molecular weight cut-off) con disoluciones modelo de distintos pesos moleculares de polietilenglicol y ciclos de ensuciamiento/aclarado con distintas disoluciones alimento. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los aditivos a ciertas concentraciones fueron capaces de mejorar enormemente las propiedades intrínsecas y permeselectivas de las membranas originales. Del mismo modo, se observó la mayor eficiencia de la modificación inducida por radiación ultravioleta para preservar las características de la membrana original y, además, añadir las ventajas de los aditivos utilizados. Con todo ello, se determinaron las composiciones óptimas de los aditivos durante las modificaciones tanto internas como superficiales de las membranas para obtener membranas resistentes al ensuciamiento.
[CAT] Amb la finalitat de millorar les propietats permselectives i la resistència a l'embrutament, en el present treball d'investigació es va estudiar la síntesi i el desenvolupament de membranes polimèriques planes d'ultrafiltració de baix embrutament mitjançant la incorporació de diversos additius de diferent naturalesa (orgánica i inorgánica) i hidrofilicitat a escala nanoscòpica. Per a això, s'investigaren dos tipus diferents de modificació de membranes: mitjançant la introducció d'additius en la dissolució polimèrica durant el procés de fabricació de la membrana (mètode d'inversió de fase via precipitació per immersió), i mitjançant la modificació superficial de membranes ja fabricades induïda per radiació ultraviolada. En ambdós mètodes, la influència dels additius a diferents concentracions en la morfologia i en les propietats permselectives (permeabilitat i selectivitat) de les membranes polimèriques va estudiar-se mitjançant diferents tècniques analítiques i microscòpiques (com espectroscòpia infraroja, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig, microscòpia de força atòmica, mesures de mullabilitat per mitjà d'àngul de contacte, determinació de porositat). Els additius seleccionats per a modificar la estructura polimèrica van ser un compost orgànic (polietilenglicol amb un pes molecular de 400 Da), dos òxids metàl·lics (òxid d'alumini i òxid de zinc) i un calcogenur (disulfur de tungstèn). Els assaigs es varen realitzar a escala de laboratori en una planta d'ultrafiltració convencional amb membranes de diferent material polimèric (poliéterimida, polisulfona i poliétersufona) i amb membranes comercials (totes elles fabricades pel mètode d'inversió de fase). Cada assaig va dividir-se en tres etapes: determinació de permeabilitat hidràulica i resistència intrínseca de membrana, determinació d'umbral de tall molecular amb dissolucions models de diferents pesos moleculars de polietilenglicol i cicles d'embrutament/aclarat amb diferents dissolucions aliment. Els resultats obtinguts mostraren que els additius a determinades concentracions van ser capaços de millorar enormement les característiques i propietats permselectives de les membranes originals. De la mateixa manera, es va observar la major eficiència de la modificació induïda per radiació ultraviolada per a preservar les característiques de la membrana original i a més, afegir els avantatges dels additius utilitzats. Amb tot això, les composicions òptimes dels additius durant les modificacions tant internes com superficial de les membranes per a obtenir membranes resistents a l'embrutament van ser determinades.
García Ivars, J. (2015). OBTENCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE MEMBRANAS POLIMÉRICAS DE ULTRAFILTRACIÓN DE BAJO ENSUCIAMIENTO Y ESTUDIO DE CONDICIONES DE FABRICACIÓN [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54125
TESIS
Huamán, Velarde Juan Martín. "Conocimientos actitudes y prácticas sobre fotoprotección infantil en madres que acuden al servicio de dermatología del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, enero 2012." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14449.
Full textDetermina el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre fotoprotección infantil en madres mayores a 18 años que acuden al Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo en enero 2012. El muestreo fue de tipo aleatorio sistemático. Se entrevistó a las madres en la fila de espera para acceder a los consultorios. La entrevista duró un tiempo aproximado de 15 minutos. La muestra mínima fue de 83 madres, fue posible encuestar a un total de 101 madres. El 91.2% de las madres refirió conocer que la exposición solar tenía efectos negativos en la salud de su niño. Con relación a los efectos a corto y largo plazo causados por la exposición solar, los reconocidos con mayor frecuencia fueron el cáncer de piel (83.2%), las manchas (59.4%) y las quemaduras solares (55.4%). Se observó que las madres con instrucción superior consideraban con mayor frecuencia que sus niños debían de usar protectores solares todo el año en comparación con las madres con instrucción secundaria (85.7% versus 61.3% respectivamente) (Prueba Chi cuadrado; p=0.029). Con relación a las actitudes, el 17.8% de las madres pensaba que la exposición solar era saludable para el niño y el 3.0% pensaba que el niño se veía mejor bronceado. El 77.2% de madres refirió que protegía a su niño o niña del sol y el 72.3% usaba fotoprotector solar para sus niños. El grado de instrucción tuvo influencia significativa sobre el uso de protector solar en los niños (Prueba Chi cuadrado; p=0.006) de modo que las madres con instrucción superior usaban con mayor frecuencia el protector solar en sus niños en comparación con las madres de instrucción secundaria (95.2% versus 67.1%). De las madres que usaban protector solar para sus niños, el 93.5% lo hacía ocasionalmente y el 86.0% lo hacía sólo durante la exposición al sol. La época del año en que se usaban con mayor frecuencia el protector solar en sus niños fue el verano (96.1%). De las madres que refirieron no usar protector solar en sus niños, las principales razones fueron no tener fotoprotectores (45.2%), no conocerlos (19.4%) o considerarlos muy caros (16.1%). Una elevada frecuencia de las madres que acuden a consulta externa de Dermatología en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo conoce que la exposición solar tiene efectos negativos en la salud de su niño y reconocen al cáncer de piel como el más frecuente a largo plazo. La actitud positiva hacia el bronceado en el niño es muy poco frecuente en comparación con otros estudios realizados en adultos. Las prácticas relacionadas a la protección de sus niños del sol tienen una frecuencia aceptable siendo las más frecuentes el uso de protector solar y la búsqueda de sombra.
Trabajo académico
León, Federico R. "The latitudinal tilts of wealth and education in Peru: Testing them, explaining them, and reflecting on them." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117649.
Full textResultados de comparaciones reportadas entre países alrededor del globo desde 1999 indican quela riqueza de las naciones crece consistentemente con la distancia a la línea ecuatorial. ¿Está el territorio peruano exento de esta tendencia? Para reconciliar la contradictoria evidencia nacional y entender el rol de ciertos factores geofísicos y sociales, este estudio utilizó coordenadas GPS, datos de cuestionarios, archivos de clima, e información censal existentes en varias bases de datos(Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Perú 2000, Climate Wizard, G-Econ). Los activos del hogar crecen de norte a sur en las regiones ecológicas de Brack de orientación latitudinal estudiadas (desierto, puna, yunga, Amazonía), especialmente en ámbitos rurales, y la educación de la mujer lo hace en las tres primeras. Ni la temperatura ni otras 14 variables geofísicas y sociales dan cuenta de los efectos, aunque el poder doméstico de la mujer los explica en la ecoregión Yunga. Los resultados pueden entenderse en dos perspectivas teóricas. Una, acorde con las tesis evolucionistas de Lynn, Rushton y Kanazawa, sugiere la fijación genética de niveles intelectuales diferenciales producidos por una adaptación ancestral de los peruanos a distintas condicionesde clima y altura. La otra, combinando lo que se conoce sobre radiación ultravioleta, vitamina D, y producción de hormonas sexuales con la teoría de la confluencia de Zajonc, se define por la tasa de fertilidad y consecuente ambiente intelectual hogareño para el niño. Ambas predicen el incremento del cociente intelectual y los puntajes educativos PISA del norte al sur peruanos, pero de una se desprende la educación y de la otra la planificación familiar como estrategias promotoras de desarrollo humano.
Yarin, Carrizales Carlos Augusto. "Actividad antioxidante in vitro y fotoprotectora in vivo del extracto hidroalcohólico de semillas de Bixa orellana L. “achiote” y elaboración de una forma dermocosmética." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11501.
Full textTesis
Medina, Huamán Konny Dorine, and Veliz Maria de los Milagros Echaiz. "Actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora UVB in vitro de una crema dermocosmética elaborada con el extracto acuoso liofilizado del tubérculo de Dioscorea trifida L.f. (sacha papa morada)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10550.
Full textTesis
Ponce, Cobos Juan José. "Composición química, actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de Peperomia galioides Kunth y actividad fotoprotectora in vitro en una emulsión dermocosmética." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11528.
Full textTesis