Academic literature on the topic 'Radar scattering mechanisms'

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Journal articles on the topic "Radar scattering mechanisms"

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Bordbari, R., Y. Maghsoudi, and M. Salehi. "BUILT-UP AREA DETECTION BASED ON SUBSPACE PROJECTIONS USING POLARIMETRIC SAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W4 (September 26, 2017): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w4-37-2017.

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The task of detecting and identifying objects remotely has long been an area of intense interest and active research. Active sensing of objects with radio waves is a whole new domain of target detection which is made available by radar remote sensors. Land cover/use information extraction is one of the most important applications of radar remote sensing, especially in urban areas. In this paper, we take a new look at the built-up area extraction problem in polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data and assume canonical scattering mechanisms as our signal sources which combination of them with appropriate weight fractions formed a scattering vector of each pixel. The set of the scattering mechanisms is divided into two groups: the scattering mechanism of built-up area, and non-objected scattering mechanisms. Then, we describe a technique which simultaneously annihilates the effect of non-objected scattering mechanisms, and detects the presence of a scattering mechanism of interest. The experimental results on several quad-polarimetric datasets show the significant agreement with expected results, while saving computational complexity.
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Sergievskaya, Irina, Stanislav Ermakov, Alexey Ermoshkin, Ivan Kapustin, Alexander Molkov, Olga Danilicheva, and Olga Shomina. "Modulation of Dual-Polarized X-Band Radar Backscatter Due to Long Wind Waves." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040423.

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Investigation of microwave scattering mechanisms is extremely important for developing methods for ocean remote sensing. Recent studies have shown that a common two-scale scattering model accounting for resonance (Bragg) scattering has some drawbacks, in particular it often overestimates the vertical-to-horizontal polarization radar return ratio and underestimates the radar Doppler shifts if the latter are assumed as associated with quasi linear resonance surface waves. It is supposed nowadays that radar backscattering at moderate incidence angles is determined not only by resonance Bragg mechanism but also contains non polarized (non Bragg) component which is associated supposedly with wave breaking but which is still insufficiently studied. Better understanding of the scattering mechanisms can be achieved when studying variations of radar return due to long wind waves. In this paper, results of experiments from an Oceanographic Platform on the Black Sea using dual co-polarized X-band scatterometers working at moderate incidence are presented and variations of Bragg and non-Bragg components (BC and NBC, respectively) and radar Doppler shifts are analysed. It is established that BC and NBC are non-uniformly distributed over profile of dominant (decametre-scale) wind waves (DWW). Variations of BC are characterized by some “background” return weakly modulated with the dominant wind wave periods, while NBC is determined mostly by rare and strong spikes occurred near the crests of the most intense individual waves in groups of DWW. We hypothesize that the spikes are due to intensification of nonlinear structures on the profile of short, decimetre-scale wind waves when the latter are amplified by intense DWW. Bragg scattering in slicks under the experimental conditions was suppressed stronger than NBC and spikes dominated in total radar return. It is obtained that radar Doppler shifts at HH-polarization are larger than at VV-polarization, particularly in slicks, the same relation is for NBC and BC Doppler shifts, thus indicating different scattering mechanisms for these components.
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Sui, Ran, Junjie Wang, Dejun Feng, and Yong Xu. "Full-polarization radar target feature modulation based on active polarization conversion metasurface." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 17 (November 7, 2022): 174903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107643.

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Electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces comprising artificially designed subwavelength unit cells have drawn considerable attention due to the EM properties beyond the limits of natural materials. As one of the representative structures, active polarization conversion metasurface (APCM) is switchable by loading active components. It provides great freedom to manipulate the polarization state of EM waves. However, the current research mainly focused on the application of communication and paid less attention to the radar effect of APCM. APCM redistributes electromagnetic wave energy in multi-polarization channels, so it will have great application potential in polarimetric radar. Herein, based on the fully polarimetric radar one-dimensional high resolution range profile, the radar effect of time-modulated metasurface is studied. For this purpose, a method of target scattering mechanisms manipulation and a polarization-insensitive structure of APCM are proposed. The amplitude-phase joint modulation method is specifically analyzed in detail. The distance transformation and virtual multi-target phenomena are further discovered. Virtual targets along the distance dimension are generated in multi-polarization channels, while the scattering mechanisms of k-order targets are effectively manipulated. The relationship between the target scattering matrix and the modulation parameters is obtained. It may provide an effective method for the application of active metasurface in fully polarimetric radars.
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Sergievskaya, Irina A., Stanislav A. Ermakov, Aleksey V. Ermoshkin, Ivan A. Kapustin, Olga V. Shomina, and Alexander V. Kupaev. "The Role of Micro Breaking of Small-Scale Wind Waves in Radar Backscattering from Sea Surface." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 4159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244159.

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The study of the microwave scattering mechanisms of the sea surface is extremely important for the development of radar sensing methods. Some time ago, Bragg (resonance) scattering of electromagnetic waves from the sea surface was proposed as the main mechanism of radar backscattering at moderate incidence angles of microwaves. However, it has been recently confirmed that Bragg scattering is often unable to correctly explain observational data and that some other physical mechanisms should be taken into consideration. The newly introduced additional scattering mechanism was characterized as non-polarized, or non-Bragg scattering, from quasi-specular facets appearing due to breaking wave crests, the latter usually occurring in moderate and strong winds. In this paper, it was determined experimentally that such non-polarized radar backscattering appeared not only for rough sea conditions in which wave crests strongly break and “white caps” occur, but also at very low wind velocities close to their threshold values for the wave generation process. The experiments were performed using two polarized Doppler radars. The experiments demonstrated that a polarization ratio, which characterizes relative contributions of non-polarized and Bragg components to the total backscatter, changed slightly with wind velocity and wind direction. Detailed analysis of radar Doppler shifts revealed two types of scatterers responsible for the non-polarized component. One type of scatterer, moving with the velocities of decimeter-scale wind waves, determined radar backscattering at low winds. We identified these scatterers as “microbreakers” and related them to nonlinear features in the profile of decimeter-scale waves, like bulges, toes and parasitic capillary ripples. The scatterers of the second type were associated with strong breaking, moved with the phase velocities of meter-scale breaking waves and appeared at moderate winds additionally to the “microbreakers”. Along with strong breakers, the impact of microbreaking in non-polarized backscattering at moderate winds remained significant; specifically the microbreakers were found to be responsible for about half of the non-polarized component of the radar return. The presence of surfactant films on the sea surface led to a significant suppression of the small-scale non-Bragg scattering and practically did not change the non-Bragg scatterer speed. This effect was explained by the fact that the nonlinear structures associated with dm-scale waves were strongly reduced in the presence of a film due to the cascade mechanism, even if the reduction of the amplitude of dm waves was weak. At the same time, the velocities of non-Bragg scatterers remained practically the same as in non-slick areas since the phase velocity of dm waves was not affected by the film.
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Tonboe, R. T., L. T. Pedersen, and C. Haas. "Simulation of the satellite radar altimeter sea ice thickness retrieval uncertainty." Cryosphere Discussions 3, no. 2 (July 21, 2009): 513–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-3-513-2009.

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Abstract. Although it is well known that radar waves penetrate into snow and sea ice, the exact mechanisms for radar-altimeter scattering and its link to the depth of the effective scattering surface from sea ice are still unknown. Previously proposed mechanisms linked the snow ice interface, i.e. the dominating scattering horizon, directly with the depth of the effective scattering surface. However, simulations using a multilayer radar scattering model show that the effective scattering surface is affected by snow-cover and ice properties. With the coming Cryosat-2 (planned launch 2009) satellite radar altimeter it is proposed that sea ice thickness can be derived by measuring its freeboard. In this study we evaluate the radar altimeter sea ice thickness retrieval uncertainty in terms of floe buoyancy, radar penetration and ice type distribution using both a scattering model and ''Archimedes' principle''. The effect of the snow cover on the floe buoyancy and the radar penetration and on the ice cover spatial and temporal variability is assessed from field campaign measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic. In addition to these well known uncertainties we use high resolution RADARSAT SAR data to simulate errors due to the variability of the effective scattering surface as a result of the sub-footprint spatial backscatter and elevation distribution sometimes called preferential sampling. In particular in areas where ridges represent a significant part of the ice volume (e.g. the Lincoln Sea) the simulated altimeter thickness estimate is lower than the real average footprint thickness. This means that the errors are large, yet manageable if the relevant quantities are known a priori. A discussion of the radar altimeter ice thickness retrieval uncertainties concludes the paper.
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Batool, Sidra, Fabrizio Frezza, Fabio Mangini, and Patrizio Simeoni. "Introduction to Radar Scattering Application in Remote Sensing and Diagnostics: Review." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050517.

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The manuscript reviews the current literature on scattering applications of RADAR (Radio Detecting And Ranging) in remote sensing and diagnostics. This paper gives prime features for a variety of RADAR applications ranging from forest and climate monitoring to weather forecast, sea status, planetary information, and mapping of natural disasters such as the ones caused by earthquakes. Both the fundamental parameters involved in scattering mechanisms of RADAR applications and the factors affecting RADAR performances are also discussed.
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SHARIFF, KARIM, and ALAN WRAY. "Analysis of the radar reflectivity of aircraft vortex wakes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 463 (July 25, 2002): 121–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008674.

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Radar has been proposed as a way of tracking wake vortices to reduce aircraft spacing and tests have revealed radar echoes from aircraft wakes in clear air. The mechanism causing refractive index gradients in these tests is thought to be the same as that for homogeneous and isotropic atmospheric turbulence in the Kolmogorov inertial range, for which there is a scattering analysis due to Tatarski. In reality, however, the structure of aircraft wakes has a significant coherent part superimposed with turbulence, about whose structure very little is known. This work adopts a picture of a coherent (in fact two-dimensional) wake to perform a scattering analysis and calculate the reflected power. In particular, two simple mechanisms causing refractive index gradients are considered: (A) radial pressure (and therefore density) gradient in a columnar vortex arising from the rotational flow; (B) adiabatic transport of atmospheric fluid within a descending oval surrounding a vortex pair. In the scattering analysis, Tatarski's weak scattering approximation is kept but the usual assumptions of a far field and a uniform incident wave are dropped. Neither assumption is generally valid for a wake that is coherent across the radar beam. For analytical insight, an approximate analysis that invokes, in addition to weak scattering, the far-field and wide cylindrical beam assumptions, is also developed and compared with the more general analysis. Reflectivities calculated for the oval (mechanism B) are within 2–13 dB m2 of the measurements (≈−70 dB m2) of MIT Lincoln Laboratory at Kwajalein atoll. However, the present predictions have a cut-off away from normal incidence which is not present in the measurements. This implies that the two-dimensional picture is not entirely complete. Estimates suggest that the thin layer of vorticity which is baroclinically generated at the boundary of the oval is turbulent and this may account for reflectivity away from normal incidence. The reflectivity of a vortex (mechanism A) is comparable to that of the oval (mechanism B) but occurs at a frequency (about 50 MHz) that is lower than those considered in all the experiments to date. This result may be useful because: (i) existing atmospheric radars (known as ST radars) already operate at this frequency and so the present prediction could be verified; (ii) rain clutter is not a problem at this frequency; (iii) mechanism A is more robust because it is independent of atmospheric stratification.
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Arii, Motofumi, Hiroyoshi Yamada, Shoichiro Kojima, and Masato Ohki. "Review of the Comprehensive SAR Approach to Identify Scattering Mechanisms of Radar Backscatter from Vegetated Terrain." Electronics 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101098.

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In a field of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing, various kinds of polarimetric decomposition techniques have been proposed. However, poor validations prevent them from operational applications. A true composition ratio of scattering mechanisms within a radar backscatter plays a key role. To overcome the issue, a novel comprehensive SAR approach to accurately identify a contribution of each scattering mechanism has been introduced. This is based on multiparametric SAR observation combined with a numerical model simulation. In this article, a comprehensive SAR approach is concisely reviewed to accelerate the research in this field. First, popular model-based polarimetric decompositions are introduced and their limitations are shown. Then, a behavior of scattering mechanisms is analyzed by the discrete scatterer model with some results using real multiparametric SAR data. A comprehensive SAR approach must be essential to realize an operational use of polarimetric SAR data.
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Mittal, Vikas, Dharmendra Singh, and Lalit Mohan Saini. "Critical analysis of classification techniques for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v2i1.52.

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Full polarimetry SAR data known as PolSAR contains information in terms of microwave energy backscattered through different scattering mechanisms (surface-, double- and volume-scattering) by the targets on the surface of land. These scattering mechanisms information is different in different features. Similarly, different classifiers have different capabilities as far as identification of the targets corresponding to these scattering mechanisms. Extraction of different features and the role of classifier are important for the purpose of identifying which feature is the most suitable with which classifier for land cover classification. Selection of suitable features and their combinations have always been an active area of research for the development of advanced classification algorithms. Fully polarimetric data has its own advantages because its different channels give special scattering feature for various land cover. Therefore, first hand statistics HH, HV and VV of PolSAR data along with their ratios and linear combinations should be investigated for exploring their importance vis-à-vis relevant classifier for land management at the global scale. It has been observed that individually first hand statistics yield low accuracies. And their ratios are also not improving the results either. However, improved accuracies are achieved when these natural features are stacked together.
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Bondur, V. G., T. N. Chimitdorzhiev, A. V. Dmitriev, P. N. Dagurov, A. I. Zakharov, and L. N. Zakharova. "Using radar polarimetry to monitor changes in backscattering mechanisms in landslide zones for the case study of the Bureya river bank collapse." Исследования Земли из Космоса, no. 4 (August 17, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0205-9614201943-17.

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The possibilities of radar polarimetry methods for identification of landslide zones are analyzed here. The fact of transformation of the dominant scattering type by the reflecting surface was used as a key feature of the landslide zone. ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 polarimetric data were processed using the Freeman–Durden and Cloude–Pottier decompositions for the four test sites selected in the area of a landslide caused by the Bureya river bank collapse. The decomposition results are consistent with each other in general, however, some areas show significant differences due to the specifics of the basic model provisions. It is shown that before the landslide event on the landslide area there were three main mechanisms of radar signal scattering: surface, volume, and double scattering. After the collapse, this area is characterized by a single scattering from the surface with large-scale irregularities and without vegetation. So, the landslide area can be confidently recognized. The considerable potential of using the radar polarimetry method for remote diagnostics of the effects of landslide phenomena has been demonstrated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radar scattering mechanisms"

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Sundar, Ram Shobha 1982. "Radar simulation of human activities in non line-of-sight environments." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17412.

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The capability to detect, track and monitor human activities behind building walls and other non-line-of-sight environments is an important component of security and surveillance operations. Over the years, both ultrawideband and Doppler based radar techniques have been researched and developed for tracking humans behind walls. In particular, Doppler radars capture some interesting features of the human radar returns called microDopplers that arise from the dynamic movements of the different body parts. All the current research efforts have focused on building hardware sensors with very specific capabilities. This dissertation focuses on developing a physics based Doppler radar simulator to generate the dynamic signatures of complex human motions in nonline-of-sight environments. The simulation model incorporates dynamic human motion, electromagnetic scattering mechanisms, channel propagation effects and radar sensor parameters. Detailed, feature-by-feature analyses of the resulting radar signatures are carried out to enhance our fundamental understanding of human sensing using radar. First, a methodology for simulating the radar returns from complex human motions in free space is presented. For this purpose, computer animation data from motion capture technologies are exploited to describe the human movements. Next, a fast, simple, primitive-based electromagnetic model is used to simulate the human body. The microDopplers of several human motions such as walking, running, crawling and jumping are generated by integrating the animation models of humans with the electromagnetic model of the human body. Next, a methodology for generating the microDoppler radar signatures of humans moving behind walls is presented. This involves combining wall propagation functions derived from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation with the free space radar simulations of humans. The resulting hybrid simulator of the human and wall is used to investigate the effects of both homogeneous and inhomogeneous walls on human microDopplers. The results are further corroborated by basic point-scatterer analysis of different wall effects. The wall studies are followed by an analysis of the effects of flat grounds on human radar signatures. The ground effect is modeled using the method of images and a ground reflection coefficient. A suitable Doppler radar testbed is developed in the laboratory for simulation validation. Measured data of different human activities are collected in both line-of-sight and through-wall environments and the resulting microDoppler signatures are compared with the simulation results. The human microDopplers are best observed in the joint timefrequency space. Hence, suitable joint time-frequency transforms are investigated for improving the display and the readability of both simulated and measured spectrograms. Finally, two new Doppler radar paradigms are considered. First, a scenario is considered where multiple, spatially distributed Doppler radars are used to measure the microDopplers of a moving human from different viewing angles. The possibility of using these microDoppler data for estimating the positions of different point scatterers on the human body is investigated. Second, a scenario is considered where multiple Doppler radars are collocated in a two-dimensional (2-D) array configuration. The possibility of generating frontal images of human movements using joint Doppler and 2-D spatial beamforming is considered. The performance of this concept is compared with that of conventional 2-D array processing without Doppler processing.
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Books on the topic "Radar scattering mechanisms"

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7.

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Chen, Si-Wei. Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar: Interpretation and Application. Springer, 2019.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar: Interpretation and Application. Springer, 2018.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, and Shun-Ping Xiao. Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar: Interpretation and Application. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radar scattering mechanisms"

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Walton, Eric K., and Michael J. Gerry. "Analysis of Dispersive Radar Scattering Mechanisms from Measured Data." In Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 2, 543–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1394-4_57.

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Rosenthal, W. "Derivation of Phillips α-Parameter from Turbulent Diffusion as a Damping Mechanism." In Radar Scattering from Modulated Wind Waves, 81–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2309-6_8.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. "Fundamentals of Polarimetric Radar Imaging and Interpretation." In Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 1–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7_1.

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Migliaccio, M., F. Nunziata, A. Marino, C. Brekke, and S. Skrunes. "Ocean Applications." In Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 255–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56504-6_6.

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AbstractIn this chapter, the most promising techniques to observe oil slicks and to detect metallic targets at sea using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are reviewed and critically analysed. The detection of oil slicks in SAR data is made difficult not only by the presence of speckle but also by the presence of, e.g. biogenic films, low-wind areas, rain cells, currents, etc., which increase the false alarm probability. The use of polarimetric features has been shown to both observe oil slicks and distinguish them from weak-damping look-alikes but also to extract some of their properties. Similarly to oil slicks, the same factors can hamper the detection of metallic targets at sea. The radiometric information provided by traditional single-channel SAR is not generally sufficient to unambiguously detect man-made metallic targets over the sea surface. This shortcoming is overcome by employing polarimetry, which allows to fully characterize the scattering mechanism of such targets.
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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. "Advanced Polarimetric Target Decomposition." In Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 43–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7_2.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. "Uniform Polarimetric Matrix Rotation Theory." In Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 107–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7_3.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. "Polarimetric Coherence Pattern: A Visualization and Interpretation Tool." In Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 143–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7_4.

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Chen, Si-Wei, Xue-Song Wang, Shun-Ping Xiao, and Motoyuki Sato. "Natural Disaster Investigation and Urban Damage Level Mapping." In Target Scattering Mechanism in Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar, 181–225. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7269-7_5.

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Marghany, Maged. "Quantize of scattering theory." In Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Mechanism for Oil Spills, 73–92. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818111-9.00005-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radar scattering mechanisms"

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Li, Yongchen, and Feng Xu. "Target reconstruction based on scattering mechanisms." In 2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2015.7306208.

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Kravtsov, Yury A., Vladimir N. Kudryavtsev, and Andrzej Stateczny. "Non-resonant mechanisms of radar signal scattering from the sea surface." In 2006 International Radar Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irs.2006.4338104.

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Maitra, Sanjit, Micheal G. Gartley, Jason Faulring, and John P. Kerekes. "Characterization of basic scattering mechanisms using laboratory based polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imaging." In IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723830.

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Ballester-Berman, J. David, Juan M. Lopez-Sanchez, and Maria-Jose Sanjuan. "Determination of scattering mechanisms inside rice plants by means of PCT and high resolution radar imaging." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417714.

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Chen, Shiqiang, and Wen Hong. "On the Use of Axial Ratio to Analysis Transmit Distortions in Hybrid Polarimetry and Their Influence to Canonical Scattering Mechanisms." In 2019 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar46974.2019.9048311.

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Weishaupt, Fabio, Ayesha Uzair, Roland Moch, Hans-Ludwig Bloecher, Julius F. Tilly, Jurgen Dickmann, and Dirk Heberling. "Polarimetric Scattering Mechanism Analysis of Automotive Landmarks." In 2020 21st International Radar Symposium (IRS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/irs48640.2020.9253936.

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Li, Jianbing, Xuesong Wang, and Tao Wang. "Scattering mechanism of aircraft wake vortices generated in clear air." In 2010 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2010.5494642.

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Lv, Zexin, Xiaolan Qiu, and Chibiao Ding. "Preliminary Analysis of PolInSAR Scattering Mechanism in Urban Areas through UAV-borne PolInSAR System." In 2021 CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar53847.2021.10028056.

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Zhao, Ruoqi, and Xiaojian Xu. "Target Scattering Mechanism Analysis from Polarization Wideband Radar Signatures." In 2019 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2019.8879130.

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Zakeri, B., A. Ghorbani, and Michele Galletti. "Statistical distribution for scattering mechanism of targets based on eigenvector decomposition in polarimetric radars." In 2007 European Radar Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurad.2007.4405030.

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