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Academic literature on the topic 'Radar in Banda X'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

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Gama, Fábio Furlan, José Claudio Mura, Paulo César Gurgel De Albuquerque, and João Roberto Dos Santos. "Avaliação do potencial da interferometria sar para o mapeamento altimétrico de áreas reflorestadas por eucalyptus sp." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 16, no. 4 (December 2010): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702010000400003.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade altimétrica dos modelos de elevação (MDE) gerados através da interferometria SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar nas bandas X e P, em diferentes polarizações em áreas florestadas. Este estudo foi realizado no município de Pindamonhangaba/SP, em uma área caracterizada por reflorestamento de Eucalyptus saligna de 6 anos de idade, cujo inventario florestal e levantamento topográfico foram realizados no mesmo período do aerolevantamento. Verificou-se que nesta área florestada o modelo de elevação da superfície do dossel empregando a interferometria na banda X, gerou produtos cartográficos de precisão inferior a esperada, com desvio padrão na ordem 2,7 metros. A utilização de um modelo de regressão, que combinou a coerência interferométrica e o MDE, compensou os erros de medida da altura da vegetação, melhorando a qualidade do produto cartográfico para desvio padrão da ordem de 1,4 metro atingindo a resolução altimétrica desejada. Os modelos de elevação do terreno na banda P, polarização HH, em áreas florestadas apresentaram similaridade com os dados do levantamento topográfico, com desvio padrão na ordem de 1,97 metro, devido à maior penetração do feixe do radar na floresta de Eucalyptus e conseqüentemente uma maior interação com o solo do que com as árvores. O modelo de elevação do solo na banda X em áreas de pasto apresentou um desvio padrão de 0,6 metro, cuja escala de mapeamento foi compatível com a resolução empregada, enquanto que os modelos de elevação na banda P apresentaram um valor de desvio padrão de 6 a 20 metros conforme a polarização, devido ao espalhamento especular, causando uma baixa relação sinal/ruído.
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Larrañaga, J. R., R. De Porras, J. Del Castillo, N. Gimeno, P. Aguilar, A. M. Baquero, N. Casal, et al. "RBX: El nuevo radar SAR en banda X del INTA." Revista de Teledetección, no. 41 (June 6, 2014): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2014.2285.

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Yoon, Sung-Hyun. "3-Port Circulator for X-Band Radar." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 40, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.2.355.

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Azevedo, Adriana Rodrigues de, João Roberto dos Santos, Fábio Furlan Gama, Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro Graça, and José Cláudio Mura. "Caracterização de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia utilizando imagens duais multitemporais do COSMO-SkyMed." Acta Amazonica 44, no. 1 (2014): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672014000100009.

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A utilização de imagens de radar é fonte alternativa de informações para subsidiar o monitoramento da região amazônica, visto que as imagens ópticas têm limitações de imageamento em zonas tropicais face a ocorrência de nuvens. Por conseguinte este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a capacidade das imagens-radar de banda X multitemporais e polarizadas obtidas pelo satélite COSMO-SkyMed (COnstellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation), no modo intensidade, isoladamente e agregados às informações texturais, na caracterização temática de uso e cobertura da terra no município de Humaitá/AM. A metodologia empregada consistiu da: análise das imagens duais obtidas em duas aquisições subsequentes, de forma a explorar a potencialidade do conjunto de dados na forma quad-pol intensidade; extração dos atributos texturais a partir da matriz de coocorrência (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) e posterior classificação contextual; avaliação estatística de desempenho temático das imagens intensidade e texturais, isoladas e em grupos polarizados. Dentre os vários resultados alcançados, foi verificado que o grupo formado somente pelas imagens intensidade apresentou o melhor desempenho, comparado àqueles contendo os atributos texturais. Nesta separabilidade, estavam envolvidas as classes de floresta, floresta aluvial, reflorestamento, savana, pasto e queimada, obtendo-se 66% de acurácia total e valor Kappa de 0,55. Os resultados mostraram que as imagens de banda X do COSMO-SkyMed, modo StripMap (Ping-Pong), multipolarizadas, têm potencial moderado para a caracterização e monitoramento da dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia brasileira.
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Salgado, Héctor, Stella Maris Zabala, Catalina Romay, Monique Bernier, Andres Jacome, and Karem Chokmani. "ESTIMACIÓN DE LA HUMEDAD SUPERFICIAL DEL SUELO MEDIANTE DATOS SAR EN BANDA X." Meteorologica 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): e001-e001. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/1850468xe001.

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El objetivo de este estudio es la estimación y el mapeo de la humedad del suelo a partir de imágenes Cosmo-Skymed (Banda X), adquiridas sobre una cuenca agrícola situada en el centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Latitud: 37°S; Longitud: 60°W aproximadamente). Se emplea una aproximación empírica, mediante correlación entre el coeficiente de retrodispersión (sigma_0) y las mediciones de humedad del suelo (HS), obtenidas simultáneamente con el pasaje satelital. La humedad volumétrica superficial (0 a 10 cm) del suelo fue medida mediante el método gravimétrico en 15 parcelas agrícolas (sitios). La relación lineal entre la retrodispersión de la señal radar (sigma_0) y las mediciones de HS [HS( %) = b+a.sigma_0(dB)] presenta diversos coeficientes y ajustes (r2), dependiendo de la dirección orbital y la polarización (desde r2 = 0, 28 para datos VV Ascendente hasta r2 = 0, 69 para HH Descendente). Aplicando las ecuaciones correspondientes, las imágenes se transformaron de sigma_0 a HS( %), obteniendo los mapas de HS (para cada polarización y tipo de órbita). Se realizó una validación cruzada entre datos de HS medida vs. estimada, calculando el Error Cuadrático Medio (RMSE) y el Error Medio Cuadrático Normalizado (NMSE). Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con las imágenes Descendentes, con 6,3% < RMSE < 6,9% y 1,6 < NMSE < 2,0 %. Se comparan los resultados con otras experiencias, y se plantean expectativas futuras.
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Jeong, Sun-Hwa, and Hee-Yong Hwang. "Design of X-Band SOM for Doppler Radar." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 24, no. 12 (December 31, 2013): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2013.24.12.1167.

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Kim, Jeong-Yeon, Kil-To Chong, and Tae-Yeong Kim. "X-Band FMCW RADAR Signal Processing for small ship." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2009): 3121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2009.10.11.3121.

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Al-Sakka, Hassan, Alain Weill, Christophe Le Gac, Richard Ney, Laurent Chardenal, Jean Vinson, Laurent Paul Barthès, and Eric Dupont. "CURIE: a low power X-band, low atmospheric Boundary Layer Doppler radar." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2009/0377.

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USHIYAMA, Tomoki, Atsuhiro YOROZUYA, and Kazuhiko FUKAMI. "QPE BY COMBINED USE OF X-BAND MP RADAR AND CONVENTIONAL C-BAND RADAR FOR SEAMLESS RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 68, no. 4 (2012): I_349—I_354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.68.i_349.

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Yu, Lei, Weiwen Zou, Xinwan Li, and Jianping Chen. "An X- and Ku-band multifunctional radar receiver based on photonic parametric sampling." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 4 (2020): 042501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.042501.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

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Ramirez, Yusvelis Maribel Barzaga. "Inferência de hidrometeoros a partir de um radar meteorológico de dupla polarização banda X." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-12092018-143854/.

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Este estudo apresentou uma metodologia para inferir hidrometeoros a partir de medidas polarimétricas de um radar meteorológico de dupla polarização banda X. A metodologia consiste em uma abordagem teórica baseada em simulações numéricas com um modelo de espalhamento Mie (T M atrix e M ueller) e uma experimental pautada na aplicação de um algoritmo de classificação de hidrometeoros (Dolan and Rutledge [2009]). As si- mulações teóricas foram utilizadas para estudar os efeitos da distribuição de tamanho de gotas, temperatura dos hidrometeoros, ângulo de elevação e mistura de hidrometeoros a partir do fator de refletividade do radar (Z), refletividade diferencial (Z DR ), fase diferen- cial especifica (K DP ) e coeficiente de correlação( HV ). Os valores de Z DR são 0.5 dBZ maior para a frequência de banda X do que para um banda S. A partir de Z maior que 45 dBZ K DP começa a ficar maior que 0. Já HV começa a diminuir quando Z é maior que 25 dBZ. Não se observa variações significativas para o graupel, porém para granizo K DP é maior que 0 quando Z é maior que 15 dBZ, entretanto, para água, os valores são consideravelmente menores. Os efeitos de temperatura só são notados quando Z é maior que 60 dBZ. Ao analisar o efeito da elevação, observa-se que Z DR diminui com o aumento da elevação, sendo mais sensível para Z maiores, o mesmo efeito é observado para K DP e HV . Estas variações são mais sensíveis para água e granizo do que para o graupel. Comparando as distribuições exponencial e gama para considerar os efeitos da distribuição do tamanho de gotas para o caso da chuva, nota-se que a distribuição exponenciais é maior que a gama quando as gotas aumentam seu tamanho e diminui sua concentração, devido que na simulação teórica foi utilizado N 0 fixo.Ao analisar os efeitos da co-existência de água e graupel, temos que as gotas de água dominam o sinal de Z quando Z for maior que 30 dBZ, já K DP será positivo(negativo) quando Z for maior(menor) que 35 dBZ da água, desde que Z do graupel seja menor que 10 dBZ, já HV tende a ficar próximo de 1 quanto mais graupel é observado. Para a mistura de granizo e água, Z da água domina o do granizo quando Z é maior que 45 dBZ, K DP é maior(menor) que zero quando Z for maior (menor) que 25 dBZ desde que Z do granizo seja menor que 10 dBZ, já Z DR da água(granizo) domina o do granizo(água) quando Z for maior(menor) que 45 dBZ. Na parte experimental, dois casos observados durante o experimento de campo do Projeto CHUVA no Vale do Paraíba em 8 de Fevereiro e 22 de Março de 2012 foram utilizados. A classificação de hidrometeoros segundo Dolan and Rutledge [2009] indicaram a presença de chuva próximo da superfície proveniente de graupel e granizo. Acima dos 5 km foram identificados a presença de graupel,granizo e cristais de gelo. Ao examinar as regiões classificadas como granizo e graupel dentro da região de 0 e 15 C com os resultados teóricos, é possível explicar a presença concomitante de água e granizo e água e graupel nestas regiões.
This study presents a methodology for inferring hydrometeors from polarimetric mea- surements of a X band double polarization meteorological radar. The methodology consists of a theoretical approach based on numerical simulations with a Mie scattering model (T-Matrix and Mueller) and an experimental approach based on the application of a classification algorithm of hydrometeors (Dolan and Rutledge [2009]). The theoretical simulations were used to study the effects of droplet size distribution, hydrometeor tem- perature, elevation angle and mixture of hydrometeors from radar reflectivity factor (Z), differential reflectivity (Z DR ), specific differential phase (K DP ) and correlation coefficient ( HV ). The values of Z DR are 0.5 dBZ higher for the X band frequency than for the S band frequency. From Z greater than 45 dBZ, K DP starts to get higher than 0. When Z is greater than 25 dBZ, HV starts to decrease. No significant variations are observed for the graupel, however for hail, K DP is greater than 0 when Z is greater than 15 dBZ, but these values were much lower than for water. Temperature effects are only noticed when Z is greater than 60 dBZ. When analyzing the effect of elevation, it is observed that Z DR decreases with increasing elevation, being more sensitive to Z larger; the same effect is observed for K DP and HV . These variations are more sensitive to water and hail than to the graupel. Comparing the exponential and gamma distributions to consider the effects of droplet size distribution in the case of rain, it is noted that the exponential distribution is larger than the gamma when the droplets increase in size and decrease in concentration, due to the fact that in the simulation was used N 0 fixed. When analyzing the effects of co-existence of water and graupel, we have that the water droplets dominate the Z signal when Z is greater than 30 dBZ, K DP will be positive (negative) when Z is greater (lower) than 35 dBZ of water, since Z of the graupel is less than 10 dBZ and HV tends to be close to 1 when more graupel is observed. For the mixture of hail and water, Z of water dominates that of hail when Z is greater than 45 dBZ, K DP is larger (smaller) than zero when Z is larger (smaller) than 25 dBZ since Z of hail is less than 10 dBZ and Z DR of water (hail) dominates hail (water) when Z is greater (lower) than 45 dBZ. In the experimental part, two cases observed during the field experiment of the RAIN Project in Vale do Paraíba on February 8 and March 22, 2012 were used. The classification of hydrometeors according to Dolan and Rutledge [2009] indicated the presence of rain near the surface coming of graupel and hail. Above 5 km were identified the presence of graupel, hail and ice crystals. When examining the regions classified as hail and graupel within the region of 0 and 15 C with the theoretical results, it is possible to explain the concomitant presence of water and hail and water and graupel in these regions.
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Ferreira, José Everardo Julião. "Desenvolvimento, análise numérica e estudo experimental de metamateriais na banda X." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=938.

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Este trabalho tem por finalidade executar Simulação Numérica, Projeto, Fabricação, Experimentos e Medidas em estruturas de cobre unidimensionais do tipo Split-Ring Resonator e Wires dispostas em Placas de Circuito Impresso (PCI) intercaladas, conhecidas como Left-Handed Metamaterial (LHM) com prospecção à Tecnologia Furtiva em banda X. Inicialmente, foram realizadas simulações em uma célula unitária com nova geometria, bem como o substrato envolvido, ou seja, uma inclusão do tipo Duplo Split-Ring Resonator de forma Triangular Equilátera (DSRRTE) ou inclusão fractal e logo após, simulações foram concretizadas em estruturas maiores, denominadas de bulk. Cada bulk é composto de dez placas, sendo que cada placa tem uma matriz de 7 x 7 DSRRTEs, e em conjunção com dez placas wires, sendo que cada placa tem uma matriz de 7 x 7 wires. Analogamente, foi realizada simulação num bulk com inclusão circular composto de dez placas, sendo que cada placa com uma matriz 7 x 7 Duplo Split-Ring Resonator Circular (DSRRC), e em conjunção com dez placas wires, análogo ao bulk triangular. No que tange ao substrato utilizado nos bulks, foi utilizado o Politetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) com fibra de vidro ao invés do Flame Retartdant 4 (FR4). Na simulação numérica, foi usado o software comercial CST Microwave Studio, que está baseado na Técnica de Integração Finita (TIF) como um esquema consistente de discretização das Equações de Maxwell em sua forma integral. Em complemento, as tarefas pertinentes às simulações numéricas, arranjos experimentais e medidas eletromagnéticas em espaço livre foram realizadas com ênfase na técnica de calibração Gated-Reflect-Line (GRL) sob um plano de incidência normal. As respostas eletromagnéticas coletadas ao longo da Banda X foram analisadas em termos dos coeficientes de Reflexão (S11) e Transmissão (S21) das Estruturas Sob Teste (EST). Por fim, os dados relevantes extraídos da inclusão proposta (DSRRTE), sugerem estudos propectivos à aplicabilidade de LHM em pesquisas envolvendo tecnologia furtiva.
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Mohan, Abishek. "Bistatic Radar Land Clutter Characterization at X-band." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440174330.

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BEZERRA, Cristiane Santos. "Clima de ondas e correntes no litoral de boa viagem (recife – pe): aplicação do sistema de radar náutico de banda-x." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10557.

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Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-05T12:03:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação BEZERRA,C. S. 2013.pdf: 7476726 bytes, checksum: 97af6d034dd0d2747df21f2cfd5e7912 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
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CNPq
As ondas e correntes representam a mais constante forma de transporte de energia no mar, fornecendo energia para uma vasta gama de processos litorâneos os quais exercem papel preponderante na morfologia da linha de costa e, por conseguinte na determinação das feições litorâneas. Além disso, representam ameaça às construções costeiras, às atividades de lazer e às operações navais. Diante deste cenário a presente dissertação de mestrado pretende contribuir através da análise temporal e espacial das ondas wind sea e swell, assim como das correntes atuantes no litoral de Boa Viagem (Recife – PE), a partir de dados de parâmetros físicos de ondas (altura máxima – Hmax, altura significativa – Hs, Período de pico – Tp, e direção média –  ) e correntes (direção e intensidade), os quais foram obtidos a partir de imagens polares de radar náutico de banda-X, gerados a partir de um sistema denominado Wave and Surface Current Monitoring System - WaMoS II. O radar esteve em funcionamento entre o mês de abril de 2010 a abril de 2011. A partir das análises realizadas foi possível observar a ocorrência conjunta de ondas do tipo wind sea e swell no litoral de Boa Viagem, sendo que esta última foi bastante expressiva nos meses de junho e outubro de 2010, além dos meses entre dezembro de 2010 a março de 2011, sendo provenientes em sua maioria de leste. As ondas wind sea apresentaram uma altura significativa predominante entre 1 e 2 m, sendo provenientes de leste-sudeste. Além disso, foi possível observar uma variação na direção e diminuição na altura das ondas ao longo da plataforma interna de Boa Viagem, causadas pela variação na batimetria e pela presença de recifes de arenito. Para as correntes não se observou diferença na direção das mesmas nas duas áreas de análise, porém no que se refere a intensidade, esta foi maior na área mais afastada da costa (área 3) do que na área sobre o canal (área 1). De uma forma geral, neste trabalho foi possível identificar as características predominantes, em cada mês ao longo de todo período estudado, das ondas wind sea, as quais estão sempre presente no litoral de Boa Viagem, bem como as características de swell identificando seu período de maior atuação neste litoral; foi possível verificar como as características das ondas estão se alterando conforme se aproximam da costa; e também observar o padrão das correntes atuantes no litoral; e a altura máxima das ondas que incidem sobre a região. E diante de comparações com boia e modelo, foi possível comprovar a eficiência da medição de ondas a partir de radar e do sistema WaMoS II para o litoral de Boa Viagem (Recife – PE).
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Ichiba, Abdellah. "Données radar bande X et gestion prédictive en hydrologie urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1007/document.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de parvenir à un outil de gestion fiable des bassins de rétention d'eaux pluviales en utilisant les données radar en bande X. Il s’est avéré que cela nécessite plusieurs développements de recherche. Le cas d’étude considéré comprend un bassin de 10000 m3 situé en Val-de-Marne et construit en aval d'un bassin versant urbain de 2.15 km2. Il assure un double rôle de traitement des eaux pluviales et de prévention des inondations par stockage du volume. Opérationnellement les modes de gestion associés à chacun de ces objectifs sont antagonistes si bien qu’une gestion prédictive a été mise en place ; exploitation routinière en mode anti-pollution et basculement vers le mode anti-inondation en cas de besoin. Il doit se faire sur la base d’une connaissance sûre de la situation pluvieuse prévue à court terme. Une façon courante de répondre aux besoins opérationnels de la gestion prédictive est de mettre en place un système d’alerte basé sur l’utilisation des données radar. Le système CALAMAR par exemple, repose sur l’utilisation des données radar brutes à mono polarisation du réseau radar de Météo-France; traitées avec des méthodes de conversion classiques Z-R et une calibration avec des pluviomètres. Cependant, la fiabilité de ce système fait débat, notamment vis-à-vis de la qualité de la mesure radar obtenue. Une nouvelle méthodologie de comparaison de produits radar a été développée au cours de cette thèse. Elle repose sur le cadre théorique des multifractals et permet une comparaison de la structure et de la morphologie des champs de précipitations dans l'espace et le temps à travers les échelles. Cette méthode a d'abord été appliquée sur les produits CALAMR et Météo-France, puis, pour confirmer certains des résultats, sur les premières données d’un radar bande X, acquis par l’Ecole des Ponts ParisTech dans le cadre du projet Européen RainGain et fournissant des mesures de précipitations à des échelles plus fines (jusqu’à 100m en espace et 1 min en temps). Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence non seulement l'influence cruciale des méthodes de traitement des données brutes sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle à travers les échelles, mais permettent également de prédéfinir les conditions dans lesquelles la calibration CALAMAR peut aggraver la qualité des mesures. Elles seraient très difficiles à détecter par les méthodes classiques largement répandues, n’impliquant qu’un nombre très limité de pixels radar (seulement ceux correspondants aux pluviomètres au sol). Des extensions de la méthodologie proposée ouvriront de nouveaux horizons pour la calibration des données de pluie. Alors que la littérature scientifique, notamment autour expériences TOMACS au Japon et CASA aux Etats-Unis, souligne l’importance opérationnelle d’une mesure de pluie plus détaillée grâce au radar en bande X, son impact sur les performances des modèles hydrologiques fait encore débat. Les recherches antérieures, basée pour la plupart sur des modèles conceptuels, ne sont pas concluantes. Ainsi pour dépasser ces limites, nous avons utilisé deux modèles impliquant des approches de modélisation différentes : CANOE (semi-distribué et conceptuel) et Multi-Hydro (distribué et à base physique ; développé à l’ENPC). Une version opérationnelle de CANOE et une nouvelle configuration plus fine améliorant considérablement la sensibilité du modèle à la variabilité de la pluie ont été utilisées. Plusieurs développements ont été apportés à Multi-Hydro, y compris une optimisation de sa résolution, ce qui améliore grandement l'ensemble de ses fonctionnalités. Il ressort de ce travail qu’en prenant en compte la variabilité spatio-temporelle des précipitations à petite échelle, la performance des modèles hydrologiques peut être augmentée jusqu'à 20%.Nous pensons que cette thèse a contribué à la mise au point de nouveaux outils opérationnels, fiables ayant la capacité de prendre en compte les données en bande X haute résolution
The main goal of this thesis was to achieve a reliable management tool of storm water storage basins using high resolution X-band radar. It turned out that it required several research developments. The analysed case study includes a retention basin of 10000 m3 located in Val de Marne county downstream of a 2.15 km2 urban catchment. It has a twofold goal: storm water decontamination and flood protection by volume storage. Operationally the management strategies associated with these two aims are conflicting; hence, a predictive management has been set up: a routine exploitation of the basin in the anti-pollution mode, and a switch to the flood protection mode when needed. It should be based a reliable knowledge of short-term rainfall forecasts. A common way to respond to operational needs of the predictive management is to set up a warning system based on the use of radar data. For example, the CALAMAR system relies on the use of single-polarization raw radar data, coming from Meteo-France radar network, being processed with the conventional Z-R conversion methods followed by a calibration with rain gauge. However, the reliability of such warning systems has been subject to debate, often due to a questionable quality of the resulting radar rainfall estimates, compared to local rain gauges. Therefore a new methodology for more meaningful comparison of radar rainfall field products was developed during this PhD project. Being rooted to the multifractal theory, it allows a comparison of the structure and the morphology of rainfall fields in both space and time through scales. It was initially tested on CALAMAR and Meteo-France rainfall products before being applied for results confirmation on initial data from a X band radar, acquired by Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in the framework of the European project RainGain and providing data at higher resolution (up to 100 m in space and 1 min in time). The obtained results not only highlight the crucial influence of raw data processing on the scaling behaviour, but also permit to pre-define the conditions when the CALAMAR optimization may worsen the quality of rainfall estimates. Such conditions would be very difficult to detect with widely used conventional methods, which rely on a very limited number of radar pixels (only those containing rain gauges). Further extensions of the proposed methodology open new horizons for the rainfall data merging. While the scientific literature, notably around the TOMACS experiment in Japan and CASA one in the United States, highlights the operational benefits of higher resolution rainfall measurements thanks to X-band radars, its impact on the performance of hydrological models still remains a subject of debate. Indeed previous research, mainly based on conceptual models remains inconclusive. To overcome these limitations, we used two models relying on two very distinct modelling approaches: CANOE (semi-distributed and conceptual) and Multi-Hydro (fully distributed and physically based research model developed at ENPC). An operational version of CANOE and a new much finer configuration, which increases the sensitivity of the model to spatio-temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, were used. Several extensions of the Multi-Hydro were developed, including an optimization of its resolution, which greatly improves its whole functionality. It appears from this work that by taking into account the spatial and temporal variability of small-scale rainfall, the performance of hydrologic models can be increased up to 20%.Overall, we believe that this dissertation contributes to the development of new, reliable, operational tools to use in their full extent the high-resolution X-band data
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Dufton, David Richard Lloyd. "Quantifying uncertainty in radar rainfall estimates using an X-band dual polarisation weather radar." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15486/.

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Weather radars have been used to quantitatively estimate precipitation since their development in the 1940s, yet these estimates are still prone to large uncertainties which dissuade the hydrological community in the UK from adopting these estimates as their primary rainfall data source. Recently dual polarisation radars have become more common, with the national networks in the USA, UK and across Europe being upgraded, and the benefits of dual polarisation radars are beginning to be realised for improving quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE). The National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) mobile Doppler X-band dual polarisation weather radar is the first radar of its kind in the UK, and since its acquisition in 2012 has been deployed on several field campaigns in both the UK and abroad. The first of these campaigns was the Convective Precipitation Experiment (COPE) where the radar was deployed in Cornwall (UK) through the summer of 2013. This thesis has used the data acquired during the COPE field campaign to develop a processing chain for the X-band radar which leverages its dual polarisation capabilities. The processing chain developed includes the removal of spurious echoes including second trip, ground clutter and insects through the use of dual polarisation texture fields, logical decision thresholds and fuzzy logic classification. The radar data is then corrected for the effects of attenuation and partial beam blockage (PBB) by using the differential phase shift to constrain the total path integrated attenuation and calibrate the radar azimuthally. A new smoothing technique has been developed to account for backscatter differential phase in the smoothing of differential phase shift which incorporates a long and a short averaging window in conjunction with weighting smoothing using the copolar correlation coefficient. During the correction process it is shown that the calculation of PBB is insensitive to the variation in the ratio between specific attenuation and specific differential phase shift provided a consistent value is used. It is also shown that the uncertainty in attenuation correction is lower when using a constrained correction such as the ZPHI approach rather than a direct linear correction using differential phase shift and is the preferred method of correction where possible. Finally the quality controlled, corrected radar moments are used to develop a rainfall estimation for the COPE field campaign. Results show that the quality control and correction process increases the agreement between radar rainfall estimates and rain gauges when using horizontal reflectivity from a regression correlation of -0.01 to 0.34, with a reduction in the mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) from 86% to 31%. Using dual polarisation moments to directly estimate rainfall shows that rainfall estimates based on the theoretical conversion of specific attenuation to reflectivity produce the closest agreement to rain gauges for the field campaign with a MAPD of 24%. Finally it is demonstrated that merging multiple dual polarisation rainfall estimates together improves the performance of the rainfall estimates in high intensity rainfall events while maintaining the overall accuracy of the rainfall estimates when compared to rain gauges.
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Mohungoo, Ajmal Ismail. "An airborne X-band synthetic aperture radar receiver design and implementation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17438.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation focuses on the design and implementation of an X-band receiver for use in the South African Synthetic Aperture Radar (SASAR II) project. The SAR will be used to demonstrate the capability of building a high resolution X-hand imaging radar in South Africa. The design starts by investigating the maximum power return from different targets over a swath width with changing incidence angles. A receiver-power-level table and diagram were constructed, with the power return from at trihedral corner reflector as maximum input power and thermal noise as the minimum input power to the receiver. The output of the receiver, which has to be fed to the input of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC), is limited by the ADC's maximum operating input power. Amplifiers, attenuators and mixers were chosen to implement a dual-stage downconversion from a radio frequency (RF) of 9300 MHZ to a 2nd IF of 1300 MHZ and then to a 1st IF of 158 MHz. A sensitivity time control (STC) is implemented in the receiver to cater for the limited dynamic range of the ADC. The power return varies with range and hence, time. Thus, an STC will correct for low return power, at far range, by boosting the received signal and attenuating large return power, at close range, ideally providing a fairly constant power return at the receiver output. A manual gain control (MGC) is also needed in the receiver, such that none of the components are driven into saturation. The gain control is switched on when large targets are expected to fall in the swath width, otherwise it is switched to a minimum for targets with tow backscattered power. The tests that were carried out on the receiver components showed that all the components operated very close to their specifications. The cascaded filters work well in tailoring the front-end 3-dB bandwidth to close to the required 3-dB bandwidth. The receiver was designed to have enough gain to boost the maximum power received to within the operating range of the ADC, without saturating any components in the receiver. The noise figure test showed a noise figure of 4.20 dB. This is 1.73 dB higher than the calculated noise figure of 2.47 dB which is a result of an underestimation of the losses in the system.
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Moes, Henderikus Jan. "A low noise PLL-based frequency synthesiser for X-band radar." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1337.

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Kabeche, Fadela. "Développement d'une méthode de détection de la turbulence atmosphérique par radar aéroporté en bande X." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0049.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la définition, le développement et l’évaluation d’une méthode, appelée DTCOR (Détection de la Turbulence COnvective par Radar), de détection en temps réel de structures turbulentes, de taille comprise entre 300m et 3km à l’aide d’un radar aéroporté en bande X Doppler. Il se réalise dans le cadre d’un projet industriel de développement d’un nouveau concept de radar qui pourrait être implémenté sur les avions de ligne. Elle exploite un formalisme variationnel avec contraintes physiques qui permet d’obtenir le vent et ses dérivées. Cette méthode est évaluée sur des jeux de données (vitesses radiales et réflectivités) synthétisés à partir de représentations analytiques représentant les caractéristiques principales de ces structures turbulentes (longueur d’onde et amplitude) et sur des données réelles issues d’une campagne d’observations aéroportées
We focus on this thesis on the definition, development and evaluation of a method that we call DTCOR (Detection of Convective Turbulence by Radar). This method detects in real time the turbulent structures whose sizes are between 300m and 3km, using an airborne X-band Doppler radar. This work is realized in the frame of an industrial project whose goal is the development of a new concept of radar that would be implemented on the airliners. The technique is based on a variational formalism with physical constraints in order to obtain the wind field and its derivatives. This method is evaluated on two sets of data (radial velocities and reflectivities), the first one synthesized from analytical form representing the main features of these turbulent structures (wavelength and amplitude) and the second on real data from a campaign of airborne observations
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Domaszczynski, Piotr. "Performance evaluation of a network of polarimetric X-Band radars used for rainfall estimation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3286.

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Networks of small, often mobile, polarimetric radars are gaining popularity in the hydrometeorology community due to their rainfall observing capabilities and relative low purchase cost. In recent years, a number of installations have become operational around the globe. The problem of signal attenuation by intervening rainfall has been recognized as the major source of error in rainfall estimation by short-wavelength (C-, X, K-band) radars. The simultaneous observation of precipitation by multiple radars creates new prospects for better and more robust attenuation correction algorithms and, consequently, yields more accurate rainfall estimation. The University of Iowa hydrometeorology group's acquisition of a network of four mobile, polarimetric, X-band radars has resulted in the need for a thoughtful evaluation of the instrument. In this work, we use computer simulations and the data collected by The University of Iowa Polarimetric Radar Network to study the performance of attenuation correction methods in single-radar and network-based arrangements. To support the computer simulations, we developed a comprehensive polarimetric radar network simulator, which replicates the essential aspects of the radar network rainfall observing process. The simulations are based on a series of physics- and stochastic-based simulated rainfall events occurring over the area of interest. The characteristics of the simulated radars are those of The University of Iowa Polarimetric Radar Network. We assess the correction methods by analyzing the errors in reflectivity and rainfall rate over the area of interest covered by the network's radars. To enable the implementation of the attenuation correction methods to the data collected by The University of Iowa Polarimetric Radar Network, we first developed a set of utilities to assist with efficient data collection and analysis. Next, we conducted a series of calibration tests to evaluate the relative calibration and channel balance of the 2 network's radars. Finally, in an attempt to verify the results obtained via computer simulations, we applied the set of attenuation correction algorithms to the data collected by The University of Iowa Polarimetric Radar Network.
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Books on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

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Estefanía, M. L. La banda X. Miami, Fla: Brains Co., 2002.

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Martner, Brooks E. NOAA X-band radar measurements in 3CPO. Boulder, Colo: United States Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1988.

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Martner, Brooks E. NOAA X-band radar measurements in 3CPO. Boulder, Colo: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1988.

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Shelby, Frisch, Kropfli Robert A, and Wave Propagation Laboratory, eds. NOAA X-band radar measurements in 3CPO. Boulder, Colo: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1988.

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Martner, Brooks E. NOAA X-band radar measurements in 3CPO. Boulder, Colo: United States Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1988.

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H, Öttl, ed. The X-SAR science plan. Köln: Wissenschaftliches Berichtswesen der DFVLR, 1985.

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L, Evans Diane, Plaut Jeffrey J, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Science results from the spaceborne imaging radar-C/X-band synthetic aperture radar (SIR-C/X-SAR): Progress report. Pasadena, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 1996.

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W, Kamerman Gary, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation (USA), eds. Laser radar technology and applications X: 30 March-1 April, 2005, Orlando, Florida, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2005.

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G, Zelnio Edmund, Garber Frederick D, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Algorithms for synthetic aperture radar imagery X: 21-23 April, 2003, Orlando, Florida, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2003.

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1944-, Trebits R. N., and Kurtz J. L. 1945-, eds. Radar sensor technology X: 20-21 April, 2006, Kissimmee, Florida, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

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Hasan, G. M. Jahid, and Satoshi Takewaka. "Foreshore Applications of X-band Radar." In Remote Sensing and Modeling, 161–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06326-3_7.

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Mori, Saverio, Frank S. Marzano, and Nazzareno Pierdicca. "X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar Methods." In Advances in Global Change Research, 315–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24568-9_18.

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Weinberg, Graham V. "3 Distributions for X-Band Maritime Surveillance Radar Clutter." In Radar Detection Theory of Sliding Window Processes, 51–74. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, [2017] | “A science publishers book.”|Includes bibliographical references and index.|: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154015-3.

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Costanzo, Sandra, Giuseppe Di Massa, and Marco Salzano. "X-band Radar Sensor for the Landslide Risk Mitigation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 981–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36981-0_92.

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Arakelian, A. K. "X-Band Radar-Radiometer Images of a Sea Surface." In Microwave Physics and Techniques, 413–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5540-3_42.

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Wolff, Ulrike, Jörg Seemann, Christian M. Senet, and Friedwart Ziemer. "Analysis of Morphodynamical Processes with a Nautical X-Band Radar." In Informatik aktuell, 372–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60243-6_43.

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Sheen, D. R., E. S. Kasischke, R. A. Shuchman, and R. G. Onstott. "Polarimetric Calibration and Remote Sensing Applications Using an X-C-L-Band SAR." In Direct and Inverse Methods in Radar Polarimetry, 877–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9243-2_35.

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Stefigraf, I., and S. Rajaram. "Layout Design of X-Band Low Noise Amplifier for Radar Applications." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 140–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5950-7_13.

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McLaughlin, David, Nicholas Allan, and Elizabeth Twarog. "Coherent Sea Clutter Signatures Observed with A High-Resolution X-Band Radar." In Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 2, 141–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1394-4_16.

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Nagasree, Puppala Siva, Koona Ramji, Killi Krushna Murthy, Mantri Kannam Naidu, and Tammareddy Haritha. "Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Nanocomposites for Radar Absorption Application in the X-Band." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 409–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1124-0_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

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Feldle, H. P. "Transmit/receive modules for X-band airborne radar." In Radar Systems (RADAR 97). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971703.

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Torvik, Borge, Karl Erik Olsen, and Hugh D. Griffiths. "X-band measurements of radar signatures of large sea birds." In 2014 International Radar Conference (Radar). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2014.7060266.

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Drake, Peter R., Jacqueline Bourgeois, Anthony P. Hopf, Francis Lok, and David McLaughlin. "Dual-polarization X-band phased array weather radar: Technology update." In 2014 International Radar Conference (Radar). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2014.7060423.

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Xu, Yong, Dejun Feng, Junjie Wang, and Chenxiao Wang. "An X-band and Ku-band adjustable polarization insensitive AFSS reflector." In 2021 CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar53847.2021.10028224.

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Rosenberg, Luke, and Nick J. Stacy. "Analysis of medium grazing angle X-band sea-clutter Doppler spectra." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4721061.

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Palama, Riccardo, Francesco Fioranelli, Matthew Ritchie, M. R. Inggs, Simon Lewis, and Hugh Griffiths. "Measurements of Multistatic X&L Band Radar Signatures of UAVS." In 2019 International Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar41533.2019.171389.

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Crisp, David J., Ross Kyprianou, Luke Rosenberg, and Nick J. S. Stacy. "Modelling X-band sea clutter at moderate grazing angles." In 2008 International Conference on Radar (Radar 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4653988.

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Kohler, Michael, Vichet Duk, Matthias Weiss, Wojciech Brodowski, Josef Worms, Daniel O'Hagan, and Oliver Bringmann. "A Multifunctional Broadband Receiver for Bistatic X-Band Radar Measurements." In 2020 IEEE International Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar42522.2020.9114623.

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Damini, Anthony, Mike McDonald, and Vince Mantle. "Image-while-scan results from the X-band Wideband Experimental Airborne Radar." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4721020.

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Zhou Jun, Wenbin Dou, and Shen Ya. "X-band core T/R module with LTCC technology." In 2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cie-radar.2011.6159689.

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Reports on the topic "Radar in Banda X"

1

Widener, K., and N. Bharadwaj. X-band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar (X-SAPR) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053990.

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Sander, Grant J., and Douglas Lloyd Bickel. Antarctica X-band MiniSAR crevasse detection radar : final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920457.

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Previsic, Mirko. Final Summary Report Wave Prediction using X-Band Radar. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1867805.

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Sander, Grant J., and Douglas Lloyd Bickel. Antarctica X-band MiniSAR Crevasse Detection Radar : draft final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993311.

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Hackett, Erin E., Anne M. Fullerton, Craig F. Merrill, and Thomas C. Fu. Wave Field Characterization Using Dual-Polarized Pulse-Doppler X-Band Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564044.

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Plant, William J. Shipboard Survey Near the Philippines with a Coherent X-Band Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada477419.

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Nwogu, Okey G., and Paul S. Bell. Determination of Nearshore Wave Conditions and Bathymetry from X-Band Radar Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613880.

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Plant, William J. A Shipboard Survey near the Philippines with a Coherent X-band Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573293.

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Hasley, David. Sea-Based X-Band (SBX) Radar Vessel Maintenance and Repair. Draft Environmental Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539383.

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Billingsley, J. B., and John F. Larrabee. Measured Spectral Extent of L- and X-Band Radar Reflections from Wind- Blown Trees. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada179942.

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