Journal articles: 'Radar acquisition'

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VOYTENKO, DENIS, TIMOTHY H. DIXON, DAVID M. HOLLAND, RYAN CASSOTTO, IAN M. HOWAT, MARK A. FAHNESTOCK, MARTIN TRUFFER, and SANTIAGO DE LA PEÑA. "Acquisition of a 3 min, two-dimensional glacier velocity field with terrestrial radar interferometry." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 240 (June 6, 2017): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.28.

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ABSTRACTOutlet glaciers undergo rapid spatial and temporal changes in flow velocity during calving events. Observing such changes requires both high temporal and high spatial resolution methods, something now possible with terrestrial radar interferometry. While a single such radar provides line-of-sight velocity, two radars define both components of the horizontal flow field. To assess the feasibility of obtaining the two-dimensional (2-D) flow field, we deployed two terrestrial radar interferometers at Jakobshavn Isbrae, a major outlet glacier on Greenland's west coast, in the summer of 2012. Here, we develop and demonstrate a method to combine the line-of-sight velocity data from two synchronized radars to produce a 2-D velocity field from a single (3 min) interferogram. Results are compared with the more traditional feature-tracking data obtained from the same radar, averaged over a longer period. We demonstrate the potential and limitations of this new dual-radar approach for obtaining high spatial and temporal resolution 2-D velocity fields at outlet glaciers.

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Hollender, Fabrice, Sylvie Tillard, and Laurent Corin. "Multifold borehole radar acquisition and processing." Geophysical Prospecting 47, no. 6 (November 1999): 1077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.1999.00166.x.

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Lee, Seongwook, Yunho Jung, Myeongjin Lee, and Wookyung Lee. "Compressive Sensing-Based SAR Image Reconstruction from Sparse Radar Sensor Data Acquisition in Automotive FMCW Radar System." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217283.

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In this paper, we propose a method for reconstructing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images by applying a compressive sensing (CS) technique to sparsely acquired radar sensor data. In general, SAR image reconstruction algorithms require radar sensor data acquired at regular spatial intervals. However, when the speed of the radar-equipped platform is not constant, it is difficult to consistently perform regular data acquisitions. Therefore, we used the CS-based signal recovery method to efficiently reconstruct SAR images even when regular data acquisition was not performed. In the proposed method, we used the l1-norm minimization to overcome the non-uniform data acquisition problem, which replaced the Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform in the conventional SAR image reconstruction method. In addition, to reduce the phase distortion of the recovered signal, the proposed method was applied to each of the in-phase and quadrature components of the acquired radar sensor data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conducted experiments using an automotive frequency-modulated continuous wave radar sensor. Then, the quality of the SAR image reconstructed with data acquired at regular intervals was compared with the quality of images reconstructed with data acquired at non-uniform intervals. Using the proposed method, even if only 70% of the regularly acquired radar sensor data was used, a SAR image having a correlation of 0.83 could be reconstructed.

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Xu, Jin, Baozhu Jia, Xinxiang Pan, Ronghui Li, Liang Cao, Can Cui, Haixia Wang, and Bo Li. "Hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring using shipborne radar small range images with electronic navigation chart." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (September 14, 2020): e290. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.290.

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Shipborne radars cannot only enable navigation and collision avoidance but also play an important role in the fields of hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring. In this paper, target extraction methods for oil films, ships and coastlines from original shipborne radar images are proposed. First, the shipborne radar video images are acquired by a signal acquisition card. Second, based on remote sensing image processing technology, the radar images are preprocessed, and the contours of the targets are extracted. Then, the targets identified in the radar images are integrated into an electronic navigation chart (ENC) by a geographic information system. The experiments show that the proposed target segmentation methods of shipborne radar images are effective. Using the geometric feature information of the targets identified in the shipborne radar images, information matching between radar images and ENC can be realized for hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring.

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Le Caillec, Jean-Marc, Jérôme Habonneau, and Ali Khenchaf. "Ship Profile Imaging Using Multipath Backscattering." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070748.

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This paper addresses the estimation of the height of a point scatterer over a sea surface via multipath exploitation for a High Range Resolution radar that is using pulse range compression, such as Synthetic Aperture Radars. We first focus our attention on the physical model, in particular on the specular/diffuse reflection coefficients, this coefficients being derived from the empirical Miller Brown and Vegh model. The gravity waves are also simulated since they modify the acquisition geometry such as the local grazing angle. Secondly, the signal model is derived, thus allowing an easy derivation of the time delays (direct echo and replicas), these time delays being converted into a height estimation for possible automatic ship recognition applications. Our algorithm is a non-conventional radar signal processing, in other words it uses the backscattered pulse over before range compression and demodulation. The aim of the paper is to understand for which radar and sea parameters, as well as acquisition scenes, it is possible to extract the scatterer height information using the multipath of the backscattered electromagnetic wave.

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Grydeland, T., F. D. Lind, P. J. Erickson, and J. M. Holt. "Software Radar signal processing." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 1 (January 31, 2005): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-109-2005.

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Abstract. Software infrastructure is a growing part of modern radio science systems. As part of developing a generic infrastructure for implementing Software Radar systems, we have developed a set of reusable signal processing components. These components are generic software-based implementations for use on general purpose computing systems. The components allow for the implementation of signal processing chains for radio frequency signal reception, correlation-based data processing, and cross-correlation-based interferometry. The components have been used to implement the signal processing necessary for incoherent scatter radar signal reception and processing as part of the latest version of the Millstone Hill Data Acquisition System (MIDAS-W). Several hardware realizations with varying capabilities have been created, and these have been used successfully with different radars. We discuss the signal processing components in detail, describe the software patterns in which they are used, and show example data from the Millstone Hill, EISCAT Svalbard, and SOUSY Svalbard radars.

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Sivananthan, S., T. Kirubarajan, and Y. Bar-Shalom. "Radar power multiplier for acquisition of low observables using an ESA radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 37, no. 2 (April 2001): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.937458.

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Čáp, Miroslav, Michal Polák, Tomáš Plachý, Milan Talich, Jan Havrlant, Lubomír Soukup, and Filip Antoš. "The footbridge Jesípek – application of radar interferometry for dynamic response evaluation." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 40 (July 24, 2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2023.40.0008.

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Recent advances in radar systems have led to the development of radar interferometry (RI) methods for contactless vibration monitoring of large-scale structures, i.e. bridges, water tower reservoirs, and factory chimneys. Interferometric radars are devices capable to measure with 200 Hz sampling frequency and relative movement precision of 0.1 mm up to 0.01 mm. The major part of this paper describes an in-situ footbridge experiment near Hradec Králové. Radar interferometry devices were deployed along with ordinary techniques compounded by accelerometers, wiring, and acquisition station. Experiment was focused on the evaluation of basic dynamic structural properties such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A lot of attention was also given to the result comparison of these measurement methods. Test results have confirmed the applicability of RI for bridge vibration monitoring.

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Pazmany, Andrew L., James B. Mead, Howard B. Bluestein, Jeffrey C. Snyder, and Jana B. Houser. "A Mobile Rapid-Scanning X-band Polarimetric (RaXPol) Doppler Radar System." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1398–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00166.1.

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Abstract A novel, rapid-scanning, X-band (3-cm wavelength), polarimetric (RaXPol), mobile radar was developed for severe-weather research. The radar employs a 2.4-m-diameter dual-polarized parabolic dish antenna on a high-speed pedestal capable of rotating the antenna at 180° s−1. The radar can complete a 10-elevation-step volume scan in about 20 s, while maintaining a 180-record-per-second data rate. The transmitter employs a 20-kW peak-power traveling wave tube amplifier that can generate pulse compression and frequency-hopping waveforms. Frequency hopping permits the acquisition of many more independent samples possible than without frequency hopping, making it possible to scan much more rapidly than conventional radars. Standard data products include vertically and horizontally polarized equivalent radar reflectivity factor, Doppler velocity mean and standard deviation, copolar cross-correlation coefficient, and differential phase. This paper describes the radar system and illustrates the capabilities of the radar through selected analyses of data collected in the U.S. central plains during the 2011 spring tornado season. Also noted are opportunities for experimenting with different signal-processing techniques to reduce beam smearing, increase sensitivity, and improve range resolution.

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Liu, Yongxiang, Dekang Zhu, Xiang Li, and Zhaowen Zhuang. "Micromotion Characteristic Acquisition Based on Wideband Radar Phase." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52, no. 6 (June 2014): 3650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2013.2274478.

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Wang Li and Qiao Xiaolin. "Optimisation philosophy of acquisition process for tracking radar." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 133, no. 5 (1986): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0080.

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Wu, Wang, Li, Zhang, and Peng. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Anti-Jamming in Networked UAV Radar Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 5173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235173.

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The networked unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) radar system may exploit inter-UAV cooperation for enhancing information acquisition capabilities, meanwhile its inter-UAV communications may be interfered with by external jammers. This paper is devoted to quantifying and optimizing the anti-jamming performance of networked UAV radar systems in adversarial electromagnetic environments. Firstly, instead of using the conventional metric of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), this paper explores use of the theory of radar information representation as the basis of evaluating the information acquisition capabilities of the networked UAV radar systems. Secondly, this paper proposes a modified Q-Learning method based on double greedy algorithm to optimize the anti-jamming performance of the networked UAV radar systems, through joint programming in the frequency-motion-antenna domain. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the algorithm in two different networking scenarios.

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Кушнарев, Дмитрий, Dmitriy Kushnarev, Валентин Лебедев, Valentin Lebedev, Виталий Хахинов, Vitaliy Khakhinov, Сергей Евстифеев, Sergey Evstifeev, Виктор Заруднев, and Viktor Zarudnev. "Modernization of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 3, no. 3 (October 9, 2017): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-33201708.

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We present the results of modernization of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar’s control and acquisition system. The modernization was carried out using results of space experiments Plasma–Progress and Radar–Progress involving Progress cargo spacecraft. The modernization has improved the accuracy of radar measurements of low-orbit spacecraft. For example, with a signal-to-noise ratio equal to10, the accuracy of range and angle measurements is 100–300 m and 1–5 arc min.

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Bai, Yang, Xin Zhang, Qiang Yang, Yong Yang, Weibo Deng, and Di Yao. "Multi-Channel Data Acquisition Card under New Acquisition and Transmission Architecture of High Frequency Ground Wave Radar." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041128.

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It is known that the data acquisition and processing system plays an important role in radar target detection system. In order to meet the requirements of real-time processing and accurate transmission of echo signals in high-frequency ground-wave radar (HFGWR) systems, a new acquisition and transmission framework utilizing the designed acquisition card based on the PCIe (peripheral component interconnect express) has been designed and is presented in this paper. The Xilinx FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) chip Kintex7-XC7K325T is adopted as a hardware carrier in acquisition card. The hardware’s composition, analog front-end circuit, the DMA (Direct Memory Access) transmission, FPGA structure, ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) chip, and performance test of this card are showed and discussed. Currently, the acquisition card has been accomplished and applied in the practical system of HFGWR.

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Gaitanakis, George-Konstantinos, George Limnaios, and Konstantinos Zikidis. "AESA radar and IRST against low observable threats." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 9 (March 27, 2020): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2020-0011.

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Purpose Modern fighter aircraft using active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radars are able to detect and track targets at long ranges, in the order of 50 nautical miles or more. Low observable or stealth technology has contested the radar capabilities, reducing detection/tracking ranges roughly to one-third (or even less, for fighter aircraft radar). Hence, infrared search and track (IRST) systems have been reconsidered as an alternative to the radar. This study aims to explore and compare the capabilities and limitations of these two technologies, AESA radars and IRST systems, as well as their synergy through sensor fusion. Design/methodology/approach The AESA radar range is calculated with the help of the radar equation under certain assumptions, taking into account heat dissipation requirements, using the F-16 fighter as a case study. Concerning the IRST sensor, a new model is proposed for the estimation of the detection range, based on the emitted infrared radiation caused by aerodynamic heating. Findings The maximum detection range provided by an AESA radar could be restricted because of the increased waste heat which is produced and the relevant constraints concerning the cooling capacity of the carrying aircraft. On the other hand, IRST systems exhibit certain advantages over radars against low observable threats. IRST could be combined with a datalink with the help of data fusion, offering weapons-quality track. Originality/value An original approach is provided for the IRST detection range estimation. The AESA/IRST comparison offers valuable insight, while it allows for more efficient planning, at the military acquisition phase, as well as at the tactical level.

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Liu, Ming Bo, Zhong Wang, and Jing Chong. "The Design and Implement of Acquisition and Recording System for Pulse Radar." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.525.

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Aimed at the signal character of modern pulse radar and the idiographic requirement of the Acquisition and Recording system of Pulse Radar, at the base of detailed analyzing about the particular characters of pulses acquiring and recording, this article brings forward a method which is suitable to Pulse-Record system, and at the base of this, finishes the design, compliment and test of the system. The system can accommodate the timing relationship of pulse-radar which works in statuses of distance-detecting with m-code and avoiding blind-area, adapts the ways of abrupt acquiring and continuous transfers or storage, finishes the high-speed acquiring, transfers and storage of objective echo-signal with more than 200MHz abrupt sampling rate.

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Li, Yan, Yan Feng Liu, Zhi Yuan Shi, and Feng Yang. "Design and Application of Real-Time Flight Information Acquisition System." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.686.

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In the radar target validation systems, the flight information as an important external information source occupies the irreplaceable position. However, in the resent researches, how to obtain the flight information stays focused and unsolved. The Real-time Multi-task Flight Information Acquisition System we designed and realized in this paper could obtain the flight information in real time and provide the real-time, reliable, detailed and complete flight information for the detective area. This system has already successfully used in Airway-nonairway Classification in an ATCRS (Air Traffic Control Radar System).

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Yankielun, Norbert E., Michael G. Ferrick, and Patricia B. Weyrick. "Development of an airborne millimeter-wave FM-CW radar for mapping river ice." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-136.

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Analyses of a river's freezeup ice cover stability and its breakup rely on detailed knowledge of the cover's thickness and the variability of that thickness. A high-resolution, millimeter wave (26.5- to 40-GHz) frequency modulated-continuous wave radar with real-time data acquisition and digital signal processing and display capability was deployed from a low-flying (3–10 m) helicopter to continuously acquire, process, and display data during an ice thickness profiling survey of a 24-km study reach. A nominal sheet ice thickness of 50 cm, occasional areas of new ice sheet as thin as 5 cm, open leads, and massive ice accumulations of the order of 5 m thick were encountered. Radar profiling data agreed with ground truth from borehole measurements of the sheet ice, and provided a more detailed view of the ice conditions than that obtained from a low altitude video survey. The radar system provided rapid, safe, and accurate data acquisition, allowing detailed mapping of the ice conditions throughout the reach. Key words: airborne, FM-CW radar, high-resolution radar, ice profiling, millimeter waves, radar remote sensing, river ice.

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Leng, Jian Wei, and Chuan Bin Shan. "Design of FMCW Radar Data Acquisition and Signal Processing System Based on Labview." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1881.

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For virtual instrument technologys character of high performance, easy to implement hardware and software integration, etc., virtual instrument technology and Labview are applied to test fields. Using computer and NI PCI-6221 data acquisition card as the hardware and LabVIEW8.5 software as a development platform, a data acquisition and signal processing virtual test system is built. The system is consisted of signal source and the signal processing module, in which the signal source is he FMCW radar level differential frequency signal connected by data acquisition card; signal processing section includes a time-domain measurement signal source, waveform display, filtering, spectral analysis, etc. Connecting, analysis and processing of FMCW radar level meter difference frequency signal are completed.

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Shui, Hanyue, Haoran Geng, Qiong Li, Li Du, and Yuan Du. "A Low-Power High-Accuracy Urban Waterlogging Depth Sensor Based on Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 6, 2022): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031236.

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The method of making precise measurements of remote water depth using mmWave technology has great potential for preventing urban waterlogging. To achieve waterlogging prevention, the mmWave system needs to measure the water depth change accurately with a short acquisition time. This paper demonstrates a new accurate mmWave water depth measurement system based on Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar with a center frequency of 77 GHz. To improve distance resolution and lower acquisition time, the Swept Frequency-Cross Correlation (SFCC) algorithm is proposed for the first time to improve the distance computation resolution by 9× and lower time complexity from O(n·logn) to O(n) compared to traditional FFT-based FMCW radar distance computation. A prototype system equipped with a humidity sensor, a processor module and TI’s FMCW radar module is designed for monitoring urban floods in cities. Using the prototype system with the proposed SFCC, the depth measurement error is reduced from 4.5 cm to less than 5 mm, compared to the default radar post-processing algorithm embedded in the radar module.

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Weber, Mark, Kurt Hondl, Nusrat Yussouf, Youngsun Jung, Derek Stratman, Bryan Putnam, Xuguang Wang, et al. "Towards the Next Generation Operational Meteorological Radar." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102, no. 7 (July 2021): E1357—E1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0067.1.

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AbstractThis article summarizes research and risk reduction that will inform acquisition decisions regarding NOAA’s future national operational weather radar network. A key alternative being evaluated is polarimetric phased-array radar (PAR). Research indicates PAR can plausibly achieve fast, adaptive volumetric scanning, with associated benefits for severe-weather warning performance. We assess these benefits using storm observations and analyses, observing system simulation experiments, and real radar-data assimilation studies. Changes in the number and/or locations of radars in the future network could improve coverage at low altitude. Analysis of benefits that might be so realized indicates the possibility for additional improvement in severe-weather and flash-flood warning performance, with associated reduction in casualties. Simulations are used to evaluate techniques for rapid volumetric scanning and assess data quality characteristics of PAR. Finally, we describe progress in developing methods to compensate for polarimetric variable estimate biases introduced by electronic beam-steering. A research-to-operations (R2O) strategy for the PAR alternative for the WSR-88D replacement network is presented.

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Shao, Xing Ling, Wei Yang, Zheng Yan Wang, and Wen Dong Zhang. "Research of Channel Dismatch Errors in Parallel AD Acquisition System Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2126.

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With the development of modem broadband radar, amount of reaserchers focus on broadband radar echo signal acquisitions and feature extraction of the target. Due to the large bandwidth as high as several MHz, the time interleaved ADC system is playing an important in radar echo systems, but this structure will bring in channel dismatch errors. The paper gave an explicit analysis of such three channel mismatch errors, and established the formulas of spectrum when all three mismatch errors exist together. Then presented the measure errors algorithm combined three errors according to the formulas of spectrum and the effective calibration algorithm．The algorithm was implemented in FPGA at last.

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TAKIZAWA, Masahiro, Taeko ITO, Hiroyuki ITAGAKI, Tetsuhiko TAKAHASHI, Kanichirou SHIMIZU, and Junta HARADA. "Modified Echo Peak Correction for Radial Acquisition Regime (RADAR)." Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences 8, no. 4 (2009): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2463/mrms.8.149.

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Kun-Lin, Yu. "The Control Circuit Design of Radar Data Acquisition System." Open Cybernetics & Systemics Journal 9, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 1113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874110x015090101113.

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Bradley, Jerry, and David Wright. "Microprocessor-Based Data-Acquisition System for a Borehole Radar." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing GE-25, no. 4 (July 1987): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.1987.289855.

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Reinking, J. Todd, Dennis L. Knepp, and Mark A. Hausman. "Polar region ionospheric effects on UHF radar track acquisition." Radio Science 36, no. 5 (September 2001): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999rs002413.

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Guindon, B. "Automated Control Point Acquisition in Radar-Optical Image Registration." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (July 1985): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1985.10855082.

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Wise, Paul. "Spaceborne radar imagery — its acquisition, processing and cartographic applications." Cartography 18, no. 1 (June 1989): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1989.10438439.

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Chen Zhenpin, Guo Jing, and Guo Xiuhuang. "An ultrahigh-speed large capacity radar data acquisition system." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 7, no. 9 (September 1992): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.156195.

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Et. al., B. Yamini Pushpa,. "Analysis On Radar Image Classification Using Deep Learning." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 11 (May 10, 2021): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.5970.

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The progress of the last 10 years of deep learning technology has inspired many fields of research, such as the processing of radar signal, speech and audio recognition, etc. Data representation acquired with Lidar or camera sensors are used for most prominent deep learning models, leaving automotive radars seldom used. Despite their vital potential in adverse weather conditions and their ability to seamlessly measure the range of an object and radial speed. Since radar signals have still not been used, the available benchmarking data is lacking. In the recent past, however, the application of radar data to various profound learning algorithms has been very interesting, since more datasets are being provided. This article aims to describe a new method of grading applied for the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), followed by fine tuning in such a grading scheme; Pre-trained architectures in the ImageNet database were used; the VGG 16 had actually been used as a feature extractor and the new classifier was trained based on the extracted features. The Dataset used is the data acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) of the Moving and Stationary Traget; for ten (10) different classes we have achieved a final accuracy of 97.91 percent.

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Michelini, Alberto, Francesco Coppi, Alberto Bicci, and Giovanni Alli. "SPARX, a MIMO Array for Ground-Based Radar Interferometry." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020252.

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Ground-Based SAR Interferometry (GB-InSAR) is nowadays a proven technique widely used for slope monitoring in open pit mines and landslide control. Traditional GB-InSAR techniques involve transmitting and receiving antennas moving on a scanner to achieve the desired synthetic aperture. Mechanical movement limits the acquisition speed of the SAR image. There is a need for faster acquisition time as it plays an important role in correcting rapidly varying atmospheric effects. Also, a fast imaging radar can extend the applications to the measurement of vibrations of large structures. Furthermore, the mechanical assembly put constraints on the transportability and weight of the system. To overcome these limitations an electronically switched array would be preferable, which however faces enormous technological and cost difficulties associated to the large number of array elements needed. Imaging Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radars can be used as a significant alternative to usual mechanical SAR and full array systems. This paper describes the ground-based X-band MIMO radar SPARX recently developed by IDS GeoRadar in order to overcome the limits of IDS GeoRadar’s well-established ground based interferometric SAR systems. The SPARX array consists of 16 transmit and 16 receive antennas, organized in independent sub-modules and geometrically arranged in order to synthesize an equally spaced virtual array of 256 elements.

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Shi, Di, Gunnar Gidion, Taimur Aftab, Leonhard M. Reindl, and Stefan J. Rupitsch. "Frequency Comb-Based Ground-Penetrating Bioradar: System Implementation and Signal Processing." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031335.

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Radars can be used as sensors to detect the breathing of victims trapped under layers of building materials in catastrophes like earthquakes or gas explosions. In this contribution, we present the implementation of a novel frequency comb continuous wave (FCCW) bioradar module using a commercial software-defined radio (SDR). The FCCW radar transmits multiple equally spaced frequency components simultaneously. The data acquisition of the received combs is frequency domain-based. Hence, it does not require synchronization between the transmit and receive channels, as time domain-based broadband radars, such as ultra wideband (UWB) pulse radar and frequency-modulated CW (FMCW) radar, do. Since a frequency comb has an instantaneous wide bandwidth, the effective scan rate is much higher than that of a step frequency CW (SFCW) radar. This FCCW radar is particularly suitable for small motion detection. Using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), we can decompose the received frequency comb into different ranges and remove ghost signals and interference of further range intervals. The frequency comb we use in this report has a bandwidth of only 60 MHz, resulting in a range resolution of up to 2.5 m, much larger than respiration-induced chest wall motions. However, we demonstrate that in the centimeter range, motions can be detected and evaluated by processing the received comb signals. We want to integrate the bioradar into an unmanned aircraft system for fast and safe search and rescue operations. As a trade-off between ground penetrability and the size and weight of the antenna and the radar module, we use 1.3 GHz as the center frequency. Field measurements show that the proposed FCCW bioradar can detect an alive person through different nonmetallic building materials.

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Hu, Cheng, Shaoyang Kong, Rui Wang, and Fan Zhang. "Radar Measurements of Morphological Parameters and Species Identification Analysis of Migratory Insects." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171977.

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Migratory insect identification has been concerning entomology and pest managers for a long time. Their nocturnal behavior, as well as very small radar cross-section (RCS), makes individual detection challenging for any radar network. Typical entomological radars work at the X-band (9.4 GHz) with a vertical pencil beam. The measured RCS can be used to estimate insect mass and wingbeat frequency, and then migratory insects can be categorized into broad taxon classes using the estimated parameters. However, current entomological radars cannot achieve species identification with any higher precision or confidence. The limited frequency range of current insect radars have precluded the acquisition of more information useful for the identification of individual insects. In this paper, we report an improved measurement method of insect mass and body length using a radar with many more measurement frequencies than current entomological radars. The insect mass and body length can be extracted from the multi-frequency RCSs with uncertainties of 16.31% and 10.74%, respectively. The estimation of the thorax width and aspect ratio can also be achieved with uncertainties of 13.37% and 7.99%, respectively. Furthermore, by analyzing the statistical data of 5532 insects representing 23 species in East China, we found that the correct identification probabilities exceed 0.5 for all of the 23 species and are higher than 0.8 for 15 of the 23 species under the achievable measurement precision of the proposed technique. These findings provide promising improvements of individual parameter measurement for entomological radars and imply a possibility of species identification with higher precision.

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Frappart, Frédéric, Fabien Blarel, Ibrahim Fayad, Muriel Bergé-Nguyen, Jean-François Crétaux, Song Shu, Joël Schregenberger, and Nicolas Baghdadi. "Evaluation of the Performances of Radar and Lidar Altimetry Missions for Water Level Retrievals in Mountainous Environment: The Case of the Swiss Lakes." Remote Sensing 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112196.

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Radar altimetry is now commonly used to provide long-term monitoring of inland water levels in complement to or for replacing disappearing in situ networks of gauge stations. Recent improvements in tracking and acquisition modes improved the quality the water retrievals. The newly implemented Open Loop mode is likely to increase the number of monitored water bodies owing to the use of an a priori elevation, especially in hilly and mountainous areas. The novelty of this study is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performances of the past and current radar altimetry missions according to their acquisition (Low Resolution Mode or Synthetic Aperture Radar) and tracking (close or open loop) modes, and acquisition frequency (Ku or Ka) in a mountainous area where tracking losses of the signal are likely to occur, as well as of the recently launched ICESat-2 and GEDI lidar missions. To do so, we evaluate the quality of water level retrievals from most radar altimetry missions launched after 1995 over eight lakes in Switzerland, using the recently developed ALtimetry Time Series software, to compare the performances of the new tracking and acquisition modes and also the impact of the frequency used. The combination of the Open Loop tracking mode with the Synthetic Aperture Radar acquisition mode on SENTINEL-3A and B missions outperforms the classical Low Resolution Mode of the other missions with a lake observability greater than 95%, an almost constant bias of (−0.17 ± 0.04) m, a RMSE generally lower than 0.07 m and a R most of the times higher than 0.85 when compared to in situ gauge records. To increase the number of lakes that can be monitored and the temporal sampling of the water level retrievals, data acquired by lidar altimetry missions were also considered. Very accurate results were also obtained with ICESat-2 data with RMSE lower than 0.06 and R higher than 0.95 when compared to in situ water levels. An almost constant bias (0.42 ± 0.03) m was also observed. More contrasted results were obtained using GEDI. As these data were available on a shorter time period, more analyses are necessary to determine their potential for retrieving water levels.

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Mingozzi, Matteo, Francesca Salvioli, and Francesco Serafino. "X-Band Radar for Cetacean Detection (Focus on Tursiops truncatus) and Preliminary Analysis of Their Behavior." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030388.

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Cetaceans are protected species all over the world, most of them are vulnerable, endangered, or data deficient (according to International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN red list). X-band radars detect the echo of the electromagnetic signal reflected by an obstacle or a ship (target). The application of X-band radar to the detection of cetaceans is a new and innovative field of research that could improve the automation of marine mammal data collection, and this is the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work was to test the capability of X-band radar installed along the coast (ground-based) to detect and track cetaceans in a range of approximately 2.5 nautical miles from the radar antenna. Data collection included a part of field work, implemented through the acquisition of photographic images and target’s radar detection (by the panoramic terrace Santa Maria in Corniglia), and a part, performed in the laboratory, of data analysis. The work was undertaken between May and November 2018. During this period, 30 days of monitoring were carried out (about 300 h) and about 10,000 radar images were recorded. The first results showed that we were able to recognize the target “cetacean” from the other common targets (boats, buoys, etc.) detected by the radar. In particular 70 dolphins were sighted by visual census; 12 of them were recognized on radar images. Radar images allowed extraction of dolphin dive time (between 2 and 15 s). The next step will be to allow the radar to identify the presence of marine mammals itself since it also works at night and with low visibility. This technique could complement the protection measures of cetaceans, highlighting their presence at sea even if it is impossible with waves higher than 0.8 m and over distances greater than 2.5 km.

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Xie, Min, Fu Hai Zhao, and Guo Pin Tang. "A Realization of Large Capacity, High-Speed Data Acquisition and Storage System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.162.

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With the rapid development of the high-speed digital signal processing in radar, spaceflight electronics and communication areas, faster acquisition rate and larger storage capacity in data acquisition and storage system are required. A interleaved sampling architecture is present to improve the acquisition rate, in which the NAND flash is used as the storage medium and pipeline structure is adopted to improve storage capacity and storage rate.

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Schneider, R., and J. Wenger. "High resolution radar for automobile applications." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-105-2003.

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Abstract. This contribution points out the potential of radar sensors with high resolution in azimuth and range in traffic environment and addresses some aspects of their practical implementation with respect to system design, hardware and software. A prototypical vehicle-based instrumentation radar is presented, which performs on-line acquisition and real-time visualisation of radar images with an update rate of up to 10 Hz. The enhanced perception capabilities of high resolution radar in traffic environment will be demonstrated with respect to new comfort and safety features, and practical realisation approaches concerning data processing and hardware including the scanning antenna will be discussed.

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Drake, V. Alistair, Shane Hatty, Colin Symons, and Haikou Wang. "Insect Monitoring Radar: Maximizing Performance and Utility." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040596.

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Autonomously-operating radars employing the ‘ZLC configuration’ have been providing long-term datasets of insect flight activity to heights of about 1 km since the late 1990s. A unit of this type operating in Australia has recently received a major upgrade. The aim of the project was to maximize the utility of the radar to entomologists and aeroecologists by providing larger and more continuous datasets and extending observations to 2.5 km. The upgrade was achieved primarily by incorporating modern digital technology, which has enabled much improved data-acquisition, control performance, and data-archiving capacity; by implementing a more comprehensive observing protocol; and by replacing fixed electronic signal-acquisition gates with specially developed software that identifies insect echoes and applies a narrow moving gate that follows them. The upgraded version provides an approximately five-fold increase in hourly sample sizes, a doubling of the duration of observations (from 12 to 24 h per day) and a doubling of the height range over which observations are made. The design considerations (incentives and constraints) that informed the various subsystem implementations are identified, and the necessary compromises are discussed. Observations of the development of a layer echo during a migration by two different insect types are presented as a demonstration of the upgraded unit’s capabilities.

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Garcia-Rial, Federico, Mario Ramirez-Torres, Luis Ubeda-Medina, and Jesus Grajal. "FMCW Radar for Data Acquisition on High-Density Polyethylene Guides." IEEE Sensors Letters 2, no. 3 (September 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsens.2018.2853711.

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Lee, Juhyung, Hoki Baek, and Jaesung Lim. "Cooperative Sensing Scheme for Acquisition of Rotational Synchronization of Radar." IEEE Systems Journal 14, no. 2 (June 2020): 3061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2937348.

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Fisher, Elizabeth, George A. McMechan, and A. Peter Annan. "Acquisition and processing of wide‐aperture ground‐penetrating radar data." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 3 (March 1992): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443265.

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A 40-channel wide‐aperture ground penetrating radar (GPR) data set was recorded in a complicated fluvial/aeolian environment in eastern Canada. The data were collected in the multichannel format usually associated with seismic reflection surveys and were input directly into a standard seismic processing sequence (filtering, static corrections, common‐midpoint gathering, velocity analysis, normal‐ and dip‐moveout corrections, stacking and depth migration). The results show significant improvements, over single‐channel recordings, in noise reduction and depth of penetration (by stacking), and in spatial positioning and reduction of diffraction artifacts (by migration). These characteristics increase the potential for reliable interpretation of structural and stratigraphic details. Thus, without having to develop any new software, GPR data processing technology is brought to the same level of capability, flexibility, and accessibility that is current in seismic exploration.

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Peng, Dong Hui, Fei Ye, Xin Wang, and Chuan Hai Jiao. "The Research of the Grass-Roots Level Radar Equipment Maintenance and Detecting Expert System Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1793.

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In view of the grass-roots level radar equipment maintenance and testing difficulty is big, the efficiency is low, limited technical conditions, etc, put forward a kind of intelligent fault diagnosis expert system model suitable for the radar equipment, and focus on the basic structure of the model, knowledge acquisition and the relevant reasoning mechanism. According to the characteristics of the grass-roots level radar fault diagnosis, the system combines automatic test technology and expert system and can improve the efficiency and reliability of fault diagnosis.

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Yin, Shu Hua. "Design of the Auxiliary Speech Recognition System of Super-Short-Range Reconnaissance Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4830–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4830.

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To improve the usability and operability of the hybrid-identification reconnaissance radar for individual use, a voice identification System was designed. By using SPCE061A audio signal microprocessor as the core, a digital signal processing technology was used to obtain Doppler radar signals of audio segments by audio cable. Afterwards, the A/D acquisition was conducted to acquire digital signals, and then the data obtained were preprocessed and adaptively filtered to eliminate background noises. Moreover, segmented FFT transforming was used to identify the types of the signals. The overall design of radar voice recognition for an individual soldier was thereby fulfilled. The actual measurements showed that the design of the circuit improved radar resolution and the accuracy of the radar identification.

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Leblon, Brigitte. "Mapping forest clearcuts using radar digital imagery: A review of the Canadian experience." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75675-4.

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Annual clearcut mapping is currently done in Canada mainly from photo-interpretation of aerial photographs. An advantageous alternative would use digital imagery. Optical imagery acquisition depends on weather and illumination conditions, but not radar images. This paper documents the state of practice in Canada in the use of radar digital images for clearcut mapping, with regards to the type of images used, to the influence of environmental conditions, the band, polarization, time of the year, and incidence angles, as well as to the mapping accuracy. Synergism between optical and radar images is also discussed. Finally, a few experimental automated mapping systems using radar imageries are presented. Key words: remote sensing, forest inventory updating, clearcut mapping, synthetic aperture radar, microwave, digital imagery

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Gu, Shanshan, Guangrong Xi, Lingyu Ge, Zhong Yang, Yizhi Wang, Weina Chen, and Zhenzhong Yu. "Compressed Sensing for THz FMCW Radar 3D Imaging." Complexity 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5576782.

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A terahertz (THz) frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) imaging radar system is developed for high-resolution 3D imaging recently. Aiming at the problems of long data acquisition periods and large sample sizes for the developed imaging system, an algorithm based on compressed sensing is proposed for THz FMCW radar 3D imaging in this paper. Firstly, the FMCW radar signal model is built, and the conventional range migration algorithm is introduced for THz FMCW radar imaging. Then, compressed sensing is extended for THz FMCW radar 3D imaging, and the Newton smooth L0-norm (NSL0) algorithm is presented for sparse measurement data reconstruction. Both simulation and measurement experiments demonstrate the feasibility of reconstructing THz images from measurements even at the sparsity rate of 20%.

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Li, Xiaoxiao, Jiake Gao, Wenyu Li, Jian Wang, Siqi Wang, and Zihang Jiang. "Vibration Measurement of High-Speed Railway Bridges Based on GB-MIMO Interferometric Radar." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2736, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2736/1/012045.

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Abstract As a novel type of ground-based interferometric radar, ground-based multiple-input multiple-output (GB-MIMO) interferometric radar utilizes multiple transmitting and receiving antennas to compose a specific structure and acquire a large synthetic aperture. Using electronic beam scanning instead of common mechanical scanning, GB-MIMO interferometric radar can achieve two-dimensional high-resolution imaging with image acquisition frequency at tens of Hertz, and has the ability to perform bridge health monitoring through vibration measurement. This study introduces the basic principle of the MIMO technique and the first Chinese made GB-MIMO interferometric radar. Experiments taken on a corner reflector and a high-speed railway bridge are respectively utilized to verify the vibration measurement ability of this novel type of GB-MIMO interferometric radar

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Zink, M. "TANDEM-X MISSION STATUS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 30, 2015): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1345-2015.

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TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements) is an innovative formation flying radar mission that opens a new era in spaceborne radar remote sensing. Its primary objective is the acquisition of a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy (12 m horizontal resolution and 2 m relative height accuracy). This goal is achieved by extending the TerraSAR-X synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mission by a second TerraSAR-X like satellite, TanDEM-X (TDX). Both satellites fly in close orbit formation of a few hundred meters distance, and the resulting large single-pass SAR interferometer features flexible baseline selection enabling the acquisition of highly accurate cross-track interferograms not impacted by temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. Beyond the global DEM, several secondary mission objectives based on along-track interferometry as well as new bistatic and multistatic SAR techniques have been defined. Since 2010 both satellites have been operated in close formation to map all land surfaces at least twice and difficult terrain even up to four times. While data acquisition for the DEM generation will be concluded by the end of 2014 it is expected to complete the processing of the global DEM in the second half of 2016.

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Zhu, Yuying, Shuning Zhang, Huichang Zhao, and Si Chen. "Target Identification with Improved 2D-VMD for Carrier-Free UWB Radar." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072465.

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In recent years, the interest in radar automatic target recognition (RATR) based on the carrier-free ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has been increasing. Compared with narrow-band and other bandwidth radars, the echo signal of the carrier-free UWB radar includes more comprehensive and detailed information with respect to the targeted object. In this paper, we first utilized 3ds Max to acquire accurate geometric models and applied a time-domain integral equation (TDIE) for echo signal acquisition under the condition that the transmitted signals had an extremely short duration period. By comparing the simulated waveform with the actual one, the accuracy of the electromagnetic modeling is verified. Furthermore, given that the actual environment is full of noise and clutter, we propose an improved two-dimensional variational mode decomposition (2D-IVMD), and an algorithm is proposed to eliminate noise and extract edge features preliminarily, which lays a foundation for further in-depth feature extraction. Then, the deep conventional neural network (DCNN) is introduced for the final recognition. The results show that the proposed methods achieve promising classification performance under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values.

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Yang, Lewei. "Real-time gesture-based control of UAVs using multimodal fusion of FMCW radar and vision." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2664, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2664/1/012002.

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Abstract Gesture-based control has gained prominence as an intuitive and natural means of interaction with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents a real-time gesture-based control system for UAVs that leverages the multimodal fusion of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar and vision sensors, aiming to enhance user experience through precise and responsive UAV control via hand gestures. The research focuses on developing an effective fusion framework that combines the complementary advantages of FMCW radar and vision sensors. FMCW radar provides robust range and velocity measurements, while vision sensors capture fine-grained visual information. By integrating data from these modalities, the system achieves a comprehensive understanding of hand gestures, resulting in improved gesture recognition accuracy and robustness. The proposed system comprises three main stages: data acquisition, gesture recognition, and multimodal fusion. In the data acquisition stage, synchronized data streams from FMCW radar and vision sensors are captured. Then, machine learning algorithms are employed in the gesture recognition stage to classify and interpret hand gestures. Finally, the multimodal fusion stage aligns and fuses the data, creating a unified representation that captures the spatial and temporal aspects of hand gestures, enabling real-time control commands for the UAV. Experimental results demonstrate the system‘s effectiveness in accurately recognizing and responding to hand gestures. The multimodal fusion of FMCW radar and vision sensors enables a robust and versatile gesture-based control interface.

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Luo, Jian, Zhong Qiu Xie, Wen Chang Huang, and Da Gang Wang. "Read Method for LTD-2100 GPR Data Based on Matlab." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.170.

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LTD-2100 type ground penetrating radar has its own unique data storage format, and the acquisition data is stored in lte format. This article explained in detail the data of lte format, especially illustrated and analyzed the header file parts of the radar data in tabular form. With a practical engineering as an example, the application of Matlab achieved a goal to read the ground penetrating radar, create a graphical user interface (GUI) and display the GPR data on graphical user interface. The actual data processing shows the effectiveness and practicality of the processing technologies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radar acquisition'

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