Relevant bibliographies by topics / Racism – Italy – 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Racism – Italy – 20th century'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Racism – Italy – 20th century"

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Ferri, Enrico. "The Armenian Diaspora in Italy." Oriente Moderno 95, no. 1-2 (August 7, 2015): 277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340082.

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Taking inspiration from some analytical paths in a recent book by Agop Manoukian—Presenza Armena in Italia. 1915-2000, Milano, Guerini e Associati, 2014)—the author traces some significant moments of the Armenian diaspora in Italy during the 20th century including its complex relations with socio-political Italy, in context with Middle Eastern and international relations, which during the World Wars also involves the United States. In particular, the author considers the relations of the Italian Armenian diaspora with the kingdom of Italy in the first instance and then with the fascist regime, during the period when racial laws involved the small Armenian community. Then the author focuses on the new realities of Republican Italy and the Socialist Republic of Armenia and the debate that developed during the second half of last century, between those who believed it possible to preserve the Armenian identity and those in the diaspora who supported a political initiative in favour of the re-conquest of Armenia’s historic lands. Particular attention is reserved for the genocide of 1915 and the new entity of the Republic of Armenia.
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Goncharenko, A. V., and T. O. Safonova. "Great Britain and the tvolution of the colonial system (end 19th – beginning 20th centuries)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 35 (2020): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.60.

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The article investigates the impact of Great Britain on the evolution of colonialism in the late ХІХ and early ХХ centuries. It is analyzed the sources and scientific literature on the policy of the United Kingdom in the colonial question in the late ХІХ – early ХХ century. The reasons, course and consequences of the intensification of British policy in the colonial problem are described. The process of formation and implementation of London’s initiatives in the colonial question during the period under study is studied. It is considered the position of Great Britain on the transformation of the colonial system in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The resettlement activity of the British and the peculiarities of their mentality, based on the idea of racial superiority and the new national messianism, led to the formation of developed resettlement colonies. The war for the independence of the North American colonies led to the formation of a new state on their territory, and the rest of the “white” colonies of Great Britain had at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries had to build a new policy of relations, taking into account the influence of the United States on them, and the general decline of economic and military-strategic influence of Britain in the world, and the militarization of other leading countries. As a result, a commonwealth is formed instead of an empire. With regard to other dependent territories, there is also a change in policy towards the liberalization of colonial rule and concessions to local elites. In the late ХІХ – early ХІХ centuries the newly industrialized powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) sought to seize the colonies to reaffirm their new status in the world, the great colonial powers of the past (Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands) sought to retain what remained to preserve their international prestige, and Russia sought to expand. The largest colonial empires, Great Britain and France, were interested in maintaining the status quo. In the colonial policy of the United Kingdom, it is possible to trace a certain line related to attempts to preserve the situation in their remote possessions and not to get involved in conflicts and costly measures where this can be avoided. In this sense, the British government showed some flexibility and foresight – the relative weakening of the military and economic power of the empire due to the emergence of new states, as well as the achievement of certain self-sufficiency, made it necessary to reconsider traditional foreign policy. Colonies are increasingly no longer seen as personal acquisitions of states, and policy toward these territories is increasingly seen as a common deal of the international community and even its moral duty. The key role here was to be played by Great Britain, which was one of the first to form the foundations of a “neocolonial” system that presupposes a solidarity policy of Western countries towards the rest of the world under the auspices of London. Colonial system in the late ХІХ – early ХІХ century underwent a major transformation, which was associated with a set of factors, the main of which were – the emergence of new industrial powers on the world stage, the internal evolution of the British Empire, changes in world trade, the emergence of new weapons, general growth of national and religious identity and related with this contradiction. The fact that the First World War did not solve many problems, such as Japanese expansionism or British marinism, and caused new ones, primarily such as the Bolshevik coup in Russia and the coming to power of the National Socialists in Germany, the implementation of the above trends stretched to later moments.
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Fogazzi, G. "Italy, 20th century. The first percutaneous renal biopsies in Italy." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 14, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/14.2.507.

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Fleisher, Mark S. "Historical Roots of Chicago’s Contemporary Violence: An Interpretation of Chicago’s Early Sociologists’ Texts on Black Assimilation." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 8 (November 2019): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719883358.

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Early 20th-century Chicago witnessed an in-migration of foreign-born immigrants and Black American migrants fleeing slavery. As the Black Americans’ population increased and dispersed across urban neighborhoods, Whites’ anti-Black aggression and violence intensified. This article outlines the mechanisms that account for this discord through an examination of sociological texts. We propose that, first, contemporary racial discord has diachronic origins; second, 21st-century synchronic analysis of racial discord, absent of historical insight, cannot adequately account for a century of racial violence by attributing it to poverty and employment going overseas; and, third, a century of racism cannot be mitigated by replacing personnel in administrative agencies, retraining law enforcement personnel, and tightening police oversight. Mitigation of systemic law enforcement violence toward Black Americans must first recognize the contemporary effects of the history of law enforcement agencies’ institutionalized racism documented by sociologists a century ago. A synchronic account of the origin of that racism lays deeply buried in the intellectual history of early 20th-century social science when decades of social researchers misinterpreted the influence of culture and biology on racial behavior.
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Paniga, Massimiliano. "Public Health Institutions in Italy in the 20th Century." Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies 8, no. 2 (March 15, 2022): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajms.8-2-3.

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Only recently studied by Italian historiography, public health is one of the most important sectors of a modern Welfare system. During the Twentieth century Italy faced the hygienic and sanitary problem often with different ways and tools than other European countries. The aim of this article is to understand better the attitude and the development of the main public health institutions, both at the central and peripheral level, during the three great phases that marked the history of Italy in the last century: the liberal age, fascism and the Republic, as well as to highlight the organisations, men and structures that exercised decisive functions in the bureaucratic and administrative State machine. The essay focuses on the most significative legislative measures (for example, the “Testi Unici” of 1907 and 1934) and the turning points that have changed the sector on the institutional plan, from the creation of the Directorate-General for Public Health inside the Ministry of the Interior, and destined to remain for the entire Fascist period, to the birth, in the post-war years, of the High Commission for Hygiene and Public Health, then replaced by the Ministry of Health, until the establishment of the National Health Service in 1978. Keywords: Welfare State, social policies, public health, assistance, institutions
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Manfredini, Matteo, Marco Breschi, Alessio Fornasin, Stanislao Mazzoni, Sergio De lasio, and Alfredo Coppa. "Maternal Mortality in 19th- and Early 20th-century Italy." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 860–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz001.

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Summary Although dramatically reduced in Western and developed countries, maternal mortality is still today one of the most relevant social and health scourges in developing countries. This is the reason why high levels of maternal mortality are always interpreted as a sign of low living standards, ignorance, poverty and woman discrimination. Maternal mortality represents, therefore, a very peculiar characteristic of demographic systems of ancien regime. Despite this important role in demographic systems, no systematic study has been addressed to investigate the impact of maternal mortality in historical Italy. The aim of this article is to shed some light on such a phenomenon by investigating its trend over time and the determinants in some Italian populations between the 18th and the early 20th centuries. The analysis will make use of civil and parish registers linked together by means of nominative techniques, and it will be, therefore, carried out at the micro level.
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Oliver, Stuart. "20th-century urban landslides in the Basilicata region of Italy." Environmental Management 17, no. 4 (July 1993): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02394659.

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Viganò, Enrico, and Richard Mattessich. "Accounting research in Italy: second half of the 20th century." Review of Accounting and Finance 6, no. 1 (February 27, 2007): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14757700710725449.

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Przybyszewski, Krzysztof. "Populism as the Cause of Legitimising Racism in Western Societies." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 1 (2021): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202131110.

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The article aims at demonstrating that a spike in populist narratives (fear management in order to evoke fear of the Other) in Western societies leads to the legitimization of a new type of racism, xenoracism. Societies belonging to the so-called Western culture in the second half of the 20th century were attached to the liberal values where every sign of racism was negatively perceived as pejorative and attempts were made at eradicating it. In the 21st century, in turn, various economic and social crises caused by, inter alia, globalizing processes, were attributed to liberal values which contributed to doing politics through fear management towards the Other. The difference between racism and xenoracism lies in the fact that the former was an ideology focused on biological differences while xenoracism abandoned such differences in favour of socially and culturally imbuing them with objective and unalterable character. Populist narratives evoking fear of the Other question that behaviours triggered by this fear result from racism despite the fact that these actions are virtually identical to the ones motivated by the ideology of racism. Therefore, such behaviours and activities are more commonly perceived as positive and not pejorative and as in effect acceptable.
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Cuaz, Marco. "Catholic Alpinism and Social Discipline in 19th- and 20th-century Italy." Mountain Research and Development 26, no. 4 (November 2006): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741(2006)26[358:caasdi]2.0.co;2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Racism – Italy – 20th century"

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Gaudenzi, Bianca. "Commercial advertising in Germany and Italy, 1918-1943." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609367.

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WITKOWSKI, Victoria Margaret. "Remembering fascism and empire : the public representation and myth of Rodolfo Graziani in 20th-century Italy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/72739.

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Defence date: 24 September 2021; Examining Board: Professor Lucy Riall (European University Institute); Professor Alexander Etkind (European University Institute); Professor John Foot (University of Bristol); Professor Marla Stone (Occidental College)
My PhD has utilised the cultural representation of Italy’s most popular military figure from the Fascist period to account for the myth-making and warped remembrance of Rodolfo Graziani in Modern-day Italy. By proving himself to Mussolini with his brutal tactics, namely, mass hangings, the erection of concentration camps, and utilisation of poison gas during the Italian ‘pacification’ of Libya in the 1920’s and the Fascist conquest of Ethiopia in 1936, my project highlights that Graziani was chosen by the Fascist government to be a national imperial war hero. Facilitated by the dawn of totalitarianism and mass consumption, the propaganda campaign to promote the Fascist Empire utilised Graziani as a modern-day celebrity, through many mediums, which became the source base for my research. Images of Graziani filtered back to Italy in the 1930s through postcards, books, magazines, film, radio, busts and the like. During the Second World War, collaboration with the Nazis under the Salò Republic led to his trial in 1948, but his colonial crimes remained unquestioned, testament to the effect of heroisation for his previous colonial career. Since then, this manipulation of historical consciousness has continued to pervade Italian society as the state searched for a collective ‘usable’ past from the remnants of the Fascist dictatorship. As Mussolini’s most popular enterprise, colonial ambition remained a shared goal across the political spectrum in the immediate post-war period. By countering national insecurities through the utilisation of male symbols, men like Graziani provided an opportunity to promote such ideals through untainted virtues of masculinity. Institutionally therefore, the role of individuals in bringing ‘civilisation’ to its African colonies continued to be revered in post-fascist and post-colonial Italy. Moreover, most recently, a regionally funded monument that was built in Graziani’s honour near Rome in 2012 only led to public outcry abroad and from interested national parties with almost no negative response from the Italian public. Graziani’s memory thus remains a fervent, multifaceted one and signifies tension in popular attitudes to Italy fascist and colonial history. It is with this timely and noteworthy case-study that I aim to shed light on the persistently neglected darker aspects of Italy’s recent past.
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Totaro, Genevois Mariella. "Foreign policies for the diffusion of language and culture : the Italian experience in Australia." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8828.

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Diazzi, Alessandra. "The reception of psychoanalysis in Italian literature and culture, 1945-1977 : Ottiero Ottietri, Edoardo Sanguineti, Giorgio Manganelli, Andrea Zanzotto." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709511.

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BARATIERI, Daniela. "Italian colonialism : memories and silences : 1930s-1960s." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10393.

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Defence date: 26 October 2007
Examining Board: Professor Luisa Passerini (EUI and Università di Torino); Professor Bo Strath (EUI); Professor Nicola Labanca (Università di Siena); Professor David Forgacs (University College London)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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Lombard, Deborah-Eve. "Racism's tangible lifeline 20th century material culture and the continuity of the white supremacy myth /." Thesis, University of Iowa, 1999. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/194.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Iowa, 1999.
Supervisor: MacCann, Donnarae. Title-page, preliminaries, Certificate of approval, Table of contents, text and appendices issued in paper (ii, 17 leaves, bound ; 28 cm.). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued on CD-ROM (46 files, 3.29 megabytes).
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BALABAN, Ioan. "International and multinational banking under Bretton Woods (1945-1971) : the experience of Italian banks." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69996.

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Defence date: 11 February 2021
Examining Board: Professor Youssef Cassis (European University Institute); Professor Federico Romero (European University Institute); Professor Catherine Schenk (Oxford University); Professor Stefano Battilossi (University of Carlo III)
Business economists and financial historians distinguish between a first and a second wave of international and multinational banking. The Great Depression and the two World Wars interrupted the first wave which began in the mid 19th century. The second wave began in the 1960s and was triggered by the advent of the Euromarkets under the international monetary regime of Bretton Woods (1944-1971). The thesis investigates the determinants of the internationalization of European commercial banks under Bretton Woods by focusing on the experience of Italian banks. I argue that Italian banks re-entered international and multinational banking from the late 1940s onwards in order to contribute to establish Italy as a commercial power. Competition between the banks in the international arena led them to integrate Eurodollar deposits into their international and domestic banking strategies in the 1950s and the 1960s thus contributing to the globalization of finance. The big European continental commercial banks internationalized in parallel to Italian banks and for the same reasons. Nevertheless, in contrast to latter, the former became major actors in the Euromarkets as a result of the American challenge after 1965. The thesis argues that the growth of the Euromarkets in the second half of the 1960s was sponsored by the Federal Reserve of the United States. The Federal Reserve encouraged the growth of the Euromarkets, and the role of American banks in the market, in order to defend the US official gold stock and the US balance of payments. Sources are drawn from bank and central bank archives in Italy, France and the United States.
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O'Brien, Carolyn 1957. "Immigrant integration, European integration : the Front national and the manipulation of French nationhood." Monash University, Centre for European Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8548.

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Di, Lillo Ivano. "Opera and nationalism in Fascist Italy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283883.

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White, Brook. "ANOTHER FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE FRENCH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN ITALY,1943-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2595.

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The French Expeditionary Corps that fought in Italy during World War II was a French army, but that description must be qualified. Therefore this thesis asks two questions: how did France manage to send the equivalent of an army to Italy if French military leadership in 1943 had no direct access to French manpower resources; and the most important question since it is unique to the historical debate, why were the troops that were sent to Italy so effective once there when compared to the 1940 French army? To answer the first question, it was a French colonial army – soldiers mainly from Africa – that enabled France to send an army to Italy. The second question was not so easily addressed and is actually composed of two parts: current scholarship finds that at the tactical level French troops of 1940 no less capable than the troops in Italy, but more importantly it was the French military leadership's willingness to expend the lives of their colonial solders with little regard that allowed the French Expeditionary Corps to allow the United States Fifth Army to enter Rome just days before the Allied invasion of Normandy. And in order to understand why the French military was willing to expend the lives of its African soldiers, this thesis also had to examine the French colonial system dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Finally, this paper explores the different components of leadership that each army, which were African (primarily from North Africa and French West Africa) and metropolitan (mostly from European France), used to lead and direct their men. Thus, this study is more than just a pure military history. It is also a cultural and social history of France in relation to its colonies.
M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Books on the topic "Racism – Italy – 20th century"

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Collection, Estorick, ed. Still life in 20th century Italy. Milano: Mazzotta, 2004.

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Simoni, Marcella, and Davide Lombardo, eds. Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5.

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Ferdinando, Meacci, ed. Italian economists of the 20th century. Cheltenham, England: E. Elgar, 1998.

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Modern Italy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Moelli, Francesca Romana. Faces 3: From 17th to 20th century. Roma: Galleria Carlo Virgilio & Co. arte moderna e contemporanea, 2020.

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Vasta, Michelangelo, and Andrea Colli. Forms of enterprise in 20th century Italy: Boundaries, structures and strategies. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Building the new man: Eugenics, racial science and genetics in twentieth-century Italy. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2010.

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Gallegati, M. Le fluttuazioni economiche in Italia, 1861-1995, ovvero, Il camaleonte e il virus dell'influenza. Torino: G. Giappichelli, 1998.

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Jameux, Dominique. Fausto Coppi: L'échappée belle, Italie 1945-1960. Paris: ARTE éditions, 1996.

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Berstein, Serge. L' Italie contemporaine: Du Risorgimento a la chute du fascisme. 2nd ed. Paris: A. Colin, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Racism – Italy – 20th century"

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Ramamurthy, Anandi. "Resisting racism in 1970s and 1980s Britain." In 20th Century Britain, 349–66. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003037118-26.

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Marsden, Anna. "Racism in Italy and the Italian-Chinese Minority." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 155–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_7.

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Faralli, Carla. "Chapter 11 Legal Philosophy in Italy in the 20th Century." In A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence, 369–409. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1479-3_11.

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Gava, Gabriele, and Tullio Viola. "Pragmatism in Britain and Italy in the Early 20th Century." In The Routledge Companion to Pragmatism, 128–37. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315149592-22.

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Lombardo, Davide. "“Leave It for Dogs and Horses”: Italy’s Constitutional Debate on Stirpe and Razza (1946–1947)." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 47–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_3.

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Mazzini, Elena. "Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Racial Laws and the Myth of the Good Italian." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 79–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_4.

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Lombardo, Davide. "“Leave It for Dogs and Horses”: Italy’s Constitutional Debate on Stirpe and Razza (1946–1947)." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 47–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_3.

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Mazzini, Elena. "Short- and Long-Term Consequences of the Racial Laws and the Myth of the Good Italian." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 79–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_4.

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Camilleri, Nicola. "How a Colonial Subject Became an Italian Citizen: The Life and Naturalization of Sengal Workneh Between Colonial Eritrea and Italy (1880–1929)." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 27–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_2.

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Simoni, Marcella, and Davide Lombardo. "Introduction: The Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Italy in the Twentieth Century: Mobilities, Migrations, Racisms." In Languages of Discrimination and Racism in Twentieth-Century Italy, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98657-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Racism – Italy – 20th century"

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Fratini, Fabio, Silvia Rescic, Mara Camaiti, and Manuela Mattone. "Traditional buildings for tobacco processing in Val Tiberina (Tuscany-Italy)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14373.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of buildings used for tobacco processing, built in the first half of the 20th century in Tuscany (province of Arezzo), by studying construction techniques, materials, and preservation issues. Since the 16th century, in Tuscany, the sites involved in the cultivation of tobacco are both the upper Val Tiberina and Val di Chiana (in particular Arezzo and Siena areas). At first, tobacco was used either for medical purposes or as snuff and pipe powder. It soon became the most renowned cultivation throughout the Tiberina Valley, due to the excellent quality of the tobacco produced. The first significant crops date back to the early 17thcentury. The drying process took place in specific buildings named "tabaccaie", where tobacco leaves were placed over an oak wood fire to dry. This process was adopted until the 1970s. Subsequently, a profound crisis in the agricultural sector determined the falling into disuse and abandonment of numerous "tabaccaie". In some cases, these buildings have been reused as luxury hotels for tourism purposes, but many of them have been demolished or are in a state of ruin. They represent the testimony of agro-industrial vernacular architectures nowadays at great risk. Indeed, most of the recovery interventions have often completely obliterated the original structure to make the former “tabaccaie” able to satisfy housing and comfort requirements. The study aims to deepen the knowledge of these buildings to preserve cultural identities and transfer inherited values.
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Romano, Lia. "Architecture and Proto Industry. Watermills in the historic peri-urban landscape of Benevento (Italy)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14567.

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The landscape of Benevento is historically characterised by the presence of vernacular architectures which exploited the driving power of water for productive purposes. The abundance of watercourses and natural resources coupled with the large quantity of agricultural products enabled the development of a real proto-industrial centre, which was particularly active in southern Italy between the 18th and 19th centuries. Production activities linked to the manufacture of textiles and leather were flanked by a dense system of watermills. Situated in the proximity of the city walls and the city's main rivers, such watermills and their inherent complex network of canals have shaped the historic peri-urban landscape of the city over centuries.Thanks to the availability of numerous historical maps and archival drawings of mills, a link can be established between the past and what is currently visible in the area. The recognition of the physical traces of the mills and of the remains of the water adduction system deepens the knowledge of an unresolved strip of city territory that still retains a peri-urban character, being delimited on one side by the historic walls and on the other by the 20th century expansion of the city.In light of these considerations, this paper offers a new contribution to the study of the proto-industrial architectural heritage of Benevento, focusing on the interpretation of material traces of the past: their recognition will strengthen the identity of this part of the city.
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De Marco, Paolo, and Antonino Margagliotta. "La construcción del lenguaje en el Teatro Popular de Sciacca de Giuseppe y Alberto Samonà. *** The construction of language in the Sciacca popular Theatre by Giuseppe and Alberto Samonà." In 8º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 8. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab8.2018.7580.

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El Teatro popular de Sciacca de Giuseppe Samonà y su hijo Alberto –dos importantes guras de la arquitectura italiana– es una de las más significativas obras italianas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Inaugurado en 2015, después de una larga construcción de cuarenta años, el teatro tiene una original implantación con doble sala; está compuesto por tres grandes volúmenes (un paralelepípedo, un cono y una pirámide) y expresa una arquitectura de la imagen, una idea de un espacio determinado por formas puras y del uso de un único material (el hormigón visto). El uso de tres formas arquetípicas es una vuelta a los orígenes, una idea casi clásica y racional de la arquitectura; al mismo tiempo es la evocación de una perfección arcaica. Para esta idea es fundamental el empleo del hormigón, conceptualmente entendido como material primordial, que participa en la expresión de estabilidad y duración. El edificio se convierte en icono y se inserta en el paisaje como un monumento. En este sentido, esta arquitectura es un homenaje a Le Corbusier, construida a través de la interpretación del lenguaje del gran maestro. El Teatro de Sciacca representa, probablemente, el más notable ejemplo de arquitectura le corbuseriana en Italia.***The Sciacca Popular Theatre by Giuseppe Samonà and his son Alberto - two important figures of Italian architecture - is one of the most significant Italian building of the second half of the 20th century. Inaugurated in 2015, after a forty years long construction, the building has an original layout with two auditoriums; composed by three big volumes (a parallelepiped, a cone and a pyramid) and expresses an architecture of image, an idea of space determined by pure forms and using a single material (the raw concrete). The use of three archetypal forms is a return to the origin, an idea al- most classical and rational of architecture; at the same time is the evocation of an archaic perfection. Within this context, the use of raw concrete is also fundamental. Understood as primitive material, it participates to the expression of stability and durability across the building. As a result, the building is converted to an icon that sits in the landscape like a monument. In this sense, this architecture is a tribute to Le Corbusier, built through the interpretation of the great master language. The Sciacca Theatre represents, probably, the most remarkable example of architecture by Le Corbusier in Italy.
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Soares, Liliana, and Ermanno Aparo. "The Concept of Tantra as Meta-Design to Create Sustainability." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001422.

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This article is an ongoing research and takes Tantra (Saraswati, 1981) to present an academic project that refers to the expansion of knowledge, understanding the body of an object through as a supreme shelter link. On the one hand, the female element represents the a whole as the beginning of everything and the supreme power of creation. On the other hand, the male element is associated with transcendence.Similar to designing, from the perspective of tantrism, the union of the two energies - feminine and masculine – is crucial and for this reason, the care of the object's body is essential.Phenomenologically, as Feuerstein (2005) states the tantric point of view does not deny the world of experiences, but views positively the culture of potential intrinsic psychophysical body and mind. This thesis comprises not only time and space, but also the external factors that cross-fertilize reality and, for this reason, enter into design process. In this sense, objects’ body is full of organs, but visible only to designers, requiring guidance from a master.In art, in early 20th century, there were similarities between the abstractions of Paul Klee, Piet Mondrian or Robert Delaunay. After that, Neo Tantrism emerged in the 1960s with the indian artist K. C.S. Paniker (1911-1977).In design, it seems Tantra contest divisions between opposites by teaching that everything is respected and incorporated, which includes the concept of marginal in society. For instance, Bauhaus (Germany, 20’s), Memphis (Italy, 60’s), Droog Design (Netherlands, 90’s) seem to represent it, as this is more about change in the world, via the body, rather than transcendence of it. In design Tantra can be understood as a moment of reflection on the nature of design and an occasion to continually think and get to know design, for instance, a process-oriented process. A reality that enhances scenario hypotheses, but without reaching a productive result.This ongoing research is non-interventionist and interventionist. The non-interventionist phase consists of the analysis and interpretation of concepts, contents from the past as well as visual imagery of Tantra. The interventionist phase resides on a pilot project.Thus, thinking about method in design means thinking about a phenomenological process such as interpretation. A path that is inductive like self-production, deductive like engineering, abductive intelligently linking hypotheses through experience, and also intuitive, imaginative, inventing, telling the story of material culture in another way. An alternative that needs to die and to live again, a process that, between analysis, intuition and experience, appeals to the dialectical reflection of design as an interlocutor between the individual and material culture in order to create sustainability.
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