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Journal articles on the topic 'Racism – Australia – Case studies'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Vowles-Sørensen, Kate C. P. "Popular Science Articles and Academic Reports on the Topics of Cultural Commodification and Institutionalised Racism." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i4.112681.

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This paper examines two aspects within cultural studies, namely that of cultural commodification and institutionalised racism. These are explored through a review style article discussing the commodification and appropriation of indigenous Australian food items on the television cooking programme Masterchef Australia, and in an ‘op-ed’ style piece considering the systemic racism represented by the blackface character of Zwarte Piet (Black Pete) in the Dutch festive tradition of Sinterklaas (St. Nicholas). These two articles are followed by case study reports which analyse how the theories were applied. The arguments in the reports conclude that Masterchef Australia has a responsibility to better represent indigenous Australian culture, and that the tradition of Zwarte Piet clearly exemplifies institutionalised racism and discrimination.

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2

McCurdy, Jennifer. "The Privileged Guardian Angel: An Examination of White Saviour Complex in Western Media." Political Science Undergraduate Review 2, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur60.

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Many Critical Race Theorists today are focusing not on overt forms of racism, but instead on subtler, insinuated perpetrations. These include but are not limited to visual microaggressions. Microaggressions are embedded in everyday interactions within society and serve as subconscious visual reminders to People of Colour of their inferiority and hierarchical subjugation. I argue in this paper that the White Saviour Complex (WSC), typically seen in an imperialistic sense in the West versus Africa dichotomy, can also be studied in the visual mainstream media of Western countries. Therefore, representations of WSC in media act as visual microaggressions towards People of Colour and reinforce racial and intersectional hierarchies present in Western colonial societies. This is argued in examining three case studies from USA, Australia, and Canada. This paper then addresses possible criticisms and critiques of this position through an examination of allyship in relation to WSC.

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3

Colic-Peisker, Val, and Farida Tilbury. "Being black in Australia: a case study of intergroup relations." Race & Class 49, no. 4 (April 2008): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396808089286.

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This article presents a case study in Australia's race relations, focusing on tensions between urban Aborigines and recently resettled African refugees, particularly among young people. Both of these groups are of low socio-economic status and are highly visible in the context of a predominantly white Australia. The relationship between them, it is argued, reflects the history of strained race relations in modern Australia and a growing antipathy to multiculturalism. Specific reasons for the tensions between the two populations are suggested, in particular, perceptions of competition for material (housing, welfare, education) and symbolic (position in a racial hierarchy) resources. Finally, it is argued that the phenomenon is deeply embedded in class and race issues, rather than simply in youth violence.

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Gregory, Jenny, and Jill L. Grant. "The Role of Emotions in Protests against Modernist Urban Redevelopment in Perth and Halifax." Articles 42, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025699ar.

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In the 1950s and 1960s modernist town planning reordered countless cities through urban renewal and freeway-building projects. Applying rational planning expertise generated emotional responses that often lingered long after redevelopment occurred. This article considers the emotional response to urban renewal in two cities advised by the British town planner Gordon Stephenson. In Perth, Australia, Stephenson was amongst a group of experts who planned a freeway that obliterated part of the valued river environment and threatened a historic structure. In Halifax, Stephenson prepared the initial scientific study used to justify dismantling part of the downtown and a historic black community on the urban fringe. While the Perth case generated an explosion of emotional intensity that failed to prevent environmental despoliation but saved some heritage assets, the Halifax example initiated a lingering emotional dispute involving allegations of neglect and racism. Comparing cases resulting from the activities of a noted practitioner illustrates differing emotional trajectories produced in the wake of the modernist planning project.

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Fredericks, Bronwyn. "Look Before You Leap:TheEpistemic ViolencethatSometimes Hides BehindtheWord “Inclusion”." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 38, S1 (2009): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/s1326011100000776.

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AbstractThis paper demonstrates how Indigenous studies is controlled in some Australian universities in ways that continue the marginalisation, denigration and exploitation of Indigenous peoples. Moreover, it shows how the engagement of white notions of “inclusion” can result in the maintenance of racism, systemic marginalisation, white race privilege and radicalised subjectivity. A case study will be utilised which draws from the experience of two Indigenous scholars who were invited to be part of a panel to review one Australian university's plan and courses in Indigenous studies. The case study offers the opportunity to destabilise the relationships between oppression and privilege and the epistemology that maintains them. The paper argues for the need to examine exactly what is being offered when universities provide opportunities for “inclusion”.

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Lanson, Klare, Marnie Badham, and Tammy Wong Hulbert. "#unmaskedselfiesinsolidarity. From Digital Artivism to the Collective Care of Social Art in Public Space." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (December 1, 2020): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1390.

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Contemporary mobile media affords new insights into social and creative practices while expanding our understanding of what kinds of public space matter. With the continual rise of the social in contemporary art which sees relationships as the medium, smartphones have become important devices for individual political expression, social exchange and now contemporary art. This article draws on media studies and contemporary art theories to discuss #unmaskedselfiesinsolidarity (2020), a socially engaged artwork engaging more than 300 contributors in a few short weeks within the online and physical spaces of RMIT University in the heart of Melbourne, Australia. This artwork was instigated during the initial February 2020 outbreak of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China in response to expressions of fear and isolation, travel bans, and growing racism targeting international students. It employed one of the most pervasive barometers of popular and public culture today, the selfie. Through its messages of care alongside signs of solidarity from Chinese students suffering anxiety and isolation, #unmaskedselfiesinsolidarity moved individual selfie expressions of identity into the realm of socially engaged arts and public space.

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Baum, Fran, and Sharon Friel. "Politics, policies and processes: a multidisciplinary and multimethods research programme on policies on the social determinants of health inequity in Australia." BMJ Open 7, no. 12 (December 2017): e017772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017772.

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IntroductionThe development and implementation of multisectoral policy to improve health and reduce health inequities has been slow and uneven. Evidence is largely focused on the facts of health inequities rather than understanding the political and policy processes. This 5-year funded programme of research investigates how these processes could function more effectively to improve equitable population health.Methods and analysisThe programme of work is organised in four work packages using four themes (macroeconomics and infrastructure, land use and urban environments, health systems and racism) related to the structural drivers shaping the distribution of power, money and resources and daily living conditions. Policy case studies will use publicly available documents (policy documents, published evaluations, media coverage) and interviews with informants (policy-makers, former politicians, civil society, private sector) (~25 per case). NVIVO software will be used to analyse the documents to see how ‘social and health equity’ is included and conceptualised. The interview data will include qualitative descriptive and theory-driven critical discourse analysis. Our quantitative methodological work assessing the impact of public policy on health equity is experimental that is in its infancy but promises to provide the type of evidence demanded by policy-makers.Ethics and disseminationOur programme is recognising the inherently political nature of the uptake, formulation and implementation of policy. The early stages of our work indicate its feasibility. Our work is aided by a Critical Policy Reference Group. Multiple ethics approvals have been obtained with the foundation approval from the Social and Behavioural Ethics Committee, Flinders University (Project No: 6786).The theoretical, methodological and policy engagement processes established will provide improved evidence for policy-makers who wish to reduce health inequities and inform a new generation of policy savvy knowledge on social determinants.

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Rhook, Nadia. "The Balms of White Grief: Indian Doctors, Vulnerability and Pride in Victoria, 1890–1912." Itinerario 42, no. 1 (April 2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115318000062.

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This article uses the 1898 manslaughter trial of two Indian medical practitioners in Victoria, Australia, as a lens to explore the settler colonial politics of medicine. Whereas imperial and colonial historians have long recognised the close and complex interrelationship of medicine and race, the emotional dimensions to care-giving have been under-appreciated – as has the place of the emotions within wider histories of sickness and health. Yet, this case studies shows, grief, vulnerability, catharsis and pride shaped the practice of medicine infin-de-siecleVictoria. In particular, I argue that, like other emotions, grief does racial work.

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McEnery, Anthony, and Zhonghua Xiao. "Swearing in Modern British English: The Case of Fuck in the BNC." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 3 (August 2004): 235–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004044873.

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Swearing is a part of everyday language use. To date it has been infrequently studied, though some recent work on swearing in American English, Australian English and British English has addressed the topic. Nonetheless, there is still no systematic account of swear-words in English. In terms of approaches, swearing has been approached from the points of view of history, lexicography, psycholinguistics and semantics. There have been few studies of swearing based on sociolinguistic variables such as gender, age and social class. Such a study has been difficult in the absence of corpus resources. With the production of the British National Corpus (BNC), a 100,000,000-word balanced corpus of modern British English, such a study became possible. In addition to parts of speech, the corpus is richly annotated with metadata pertaining to demographic features such as age, gender and social class, and textual features such as register, publication medium and domain. While bad language may be related to religion (e.g. Jesus, heaven, hell and damn), sex (e.g. fuck), racism (e.g. nigger), defecation (e.g. shit), homophobia (e.g. queer) and other matters, we will, in this article, examine only the pattern of uses of fuck and its morphological variants, because this is a typical swear-word that occurs frequently in the BNC. This article will build and expand upon the examination of fuck by McEnery et al. (2000) by examining the distribution pattern of fuck within and across spoken and written registers.

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Levey, Geoffrey Brahm. "Does Multiculturalism Inhibit Intercultural Dialogue? Evidence from the Antipodes." Journal of Citizenship and Globalisation Studies 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jcgs2018vol2no1art1057.

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In recent years, an international debate has erupted over whether and how interculturalism differs from multiculturalism as a response to cultural diversity. An influential argument in this debate is that multiculturalism itself militates against intercultural dialogue. This article scrutinises this argument and challenge its applicability in the Australian context. I examine two case studies of fraught intercultural dialogue: the 2006 clash between the Howard government and the Ethnic Communities’ Council of Victoria over the proposed introduction of a citizenship test; and the Abbott government’s proposed reform of the anti-vilification provisions of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) during 2013–14. The cases suggest that far from undermining intercultural dialogue, respecting the terms of Australian multiculturalism would help to make it possible. Moreover, the cases suggest that if pursued genuinely, intercultural dialogue could contribute improved policy outcomes.1 1This article is a revised version of Geoffrey Brahm Levey (2017) ‘Intercultural dialogue under a multiculturalism regime: pitfalls and possibilities in Australia’ in Fethi Mansouri (ed) Interculturalism at the crossroads: comparative perspectives on concepts, policies and practice, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, France, pp. 103-25

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Cumper, Peter. "Outlawing incitement to religious hatred—a British perspective." Religion & Human Rights 1, no. 3 (2006): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187103206781172907.

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AbstractThe recent enactment of the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 makes it (for the first time) unlawful to incite hatred on religious grounds in England and Wales. This legislation has however been attacked by a number of Muslims on the basis that it is too rigidly drawn, and that the scope of the offence of incitement to religious hatred is narrower than comparable legislation governing incitement to racial hatred. In critically analysing the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006, this article makes particular reference to the recent Islamic Council of Victoria case in Australia on religious vili cation and hate speech which, it is suggested, provides a salutary lesson to those who would seek to expand the remit of the Act. It is argued that the Racial and Religious Hatred Act is not merely a symbolically important measure, but is also a fair and workable compromise which protects faith groups from incitement to religious hatred without placing excessive curbs on free speech.

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Piccini, Jon, and Duncan Money. "“A Fundamental Human Right”? Mixed-Race Marriage and the Meaning of Rights in the Postwar British Commonwealth." Comparative Studies in Society and History 63, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 655–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417521000177.

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AbstractThis article explores the removal or exclusion in the late 1940s of people in interracial marriages from two corners of the newly formed Commonwealth of Nations, Australia and Britain's southern African colonies. The stories of Ruth and Sereste Khama, exiled from colonial Botswana, and those of Chinese refugees threatened with deportation and separation from their white Australian wives, reveal how legal rearticulations in the immediate postwar era created new, if quixotic, points of opposition for ordinary people to make their voices heard. As the British Empire became the Commonwealth, codifying the freedoms of the imperial subject, and ideas of universal human rights “irrespective of race, color, or creed” slowly emerged, and claims of rights long denied seemed to take on a renewed meaning. The sanctity of marriage and family, which played central metaphorical and practical roles for both the British Empire and the United Nations, was a primary motor of contention in both cases, and was mobilized in both metaphorical and practical ways to press for change. Striking similarities between our chosen case studies reveal how ideals of imperial domesticity and loyalty, and the universalism of the new global “family of man,” were simultaneously invoked to undermine discourses of racial purity. Our analysis makes a significant contribution to studies of gender and empire, as well as the history of human rights, an ideal which in the late 1940s was being vernacularized alongside existing forms of claim-making and political organization in local contexts across the world.

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Mayer, N., and G. Michelat. "Subjective racism, objective racism: the French case." Patterns of Prejudice 35, no. 4 (October 2001): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003132201128811250.

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14

Durey, A., D. McAullay, B. Gibson, and L. M. Slack-Smith. "Oral Health in Young Australian Aboriginal Children." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 2, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084416667244.

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Despite dedicated government funding, Aboriginal Australians, including children, experience more dental disease than other Australians, despite it being seen as mostly preventable. The ongoing legacy of colonization and discrimination against Aboriginal Australians persists, even in health services. Current neoliberal discourse often holds individuals responsible for the state of their health, rather than the structural factors beyond individual control. While presenting a balanced view of Aboriginal health is important and attests to Indigenous peoples’ resilience when faced with persistent adversity, calling to account those structural factors affecting the ability of Aboriginal people to make favorable oral health choices is also important. A decolonizing approach informed by Indigenous methodologies and whiteness studies guides this article to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal parents ( N = 52) of young children, mainly mothers, in Perth, Western Australia, as they relate to the oral health. Two researchers, 1 Aboriginal and 1 non-Aboriginal, conducted 9 focus group discussions with 51 Aboriginal participants, as well as 1 interview with the remaining individual, and independently analyzed responses to identify themes underpinning barriers and enablers to oral health. These were compared, discussed, and revised under key themes and interpreted for meanings attributed to participants’ perspectives. Findings indicated that oral health is important yet often compromised by structural factors, including policy and organizational practices that adversely preclude participants from making optimal oral health choices: limited education about prevention, prohibitive cost of services, intensive marketing of sugary products, and discrimination from health providers resulting in reluctance to attend services. Current government intentions center on Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal partnerships, access to flexible services, and health care that is free of racism and proactively seeks and welcomes Aboriginal people. The challenge is whether these good intentions are matched by policies and practices that translate into sustained improvements to oral health for Aboriginal Australians. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Slow progress in reducing persistent oral health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians calls for a new approach to this seemingly intractable problem. Findings from our qualitative research identified that structural factors—such as cost of services, little or no education on preventing oral disease, and discrimination by health providers—compromised Aboriginal people’s optimum oral health choices and access to services. The results from this study can be used to recommend changes to policies and practices that promote rather than undermine Aboriginal health and well-being and involve Aboriginal people in decisions about their health care.

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15

Tatz, Colin. "Racism and sport in Australia." Race & Class 36, no. 4 (April 1995): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639689503600403.

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Auld, Glenn. "Is There a Case for Mandatory Reporting of Racism in Schools?" Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.19.

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This paper explores how the colonial hegemony of racism in Australia could be disrupted in schools by introducing mandatory reporting of racism by teachers in Australia, and addresses the benefits and risks of mandatory reporting of racism. Using Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as a case study, the ongoing prevalence of racism in schools is established. I then draw on the literature associated with teachers’ mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect to construct racism as a form of emotional abuse of children. The complexity of racism as evidenced from the literature limits the mandatory reporting to interactional racism by teachers as an antiracist practice. The justification for mandatory reporting covers the emotional stress caused by racism to students and can also be extended to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander staff in schools. The evidence of learning success where antiracism strategies have been introduced in schools, the opportunity to normalise bystander antiracism by teachers, and the alignment of this reporting initiative with the professional standards of teachers together support a case for mandatory reporting of racism in schools. The arguments against mandatory reporting of racism draw on the generative practices of teachers integrating antiracist discourses in schools.

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Rein, Tony. "Case studies II — Australia." Computer Law & Security Review 6, no. 6 (March 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(91)90180-4.

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Affeldt, Stefanie, and Wulf D. Hund. "Conflicts in racism: Broome and White Australia." Race & Class 61, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396819871412.

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This study examines the character of racism as a social relation. As such, racism is continuously produced and modified, not only culturally and ideologically but also in social interaction. Understanding racism and its repercussions demands close investigation of all the processes involved. An instructive example is an incident that unfolded in the early 1910s in Broome, Western Australia. The exemption from immigration restriction of a Japanese doctor raised tempers at a time when the nationwide aspiration for a racially homogeneous society determined political and social attitudes, and ‘whiteness’ was a crucial element of Australianness. The possibility of admitting a Japanese professional to a town that was already suspected of race chaos fuelled debates about the question of ‘coloured labour’ and the ‘yellow peril’, while challenging the unambiguousness of class and race boundaries. The influence and wealth of some Japanese, the indispensable position of their compatriots in the pearling industry, and the skills and reputation of their doctor, supplemented with the distinct racial pride of the whole Japanese community, proved to massively impede and disrupt the unrestricted implementation of white supremacy.

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Dovchin, Sender. "Language crossing and linguistic racism: Mongolian immigrant women in Australia." Journal of Multicultural Discourses 14, no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2019.1566345.

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20

Wilson, Lou. "Social Inclusion in Australia: Resource Allocation, Morality and Racism." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 9, no. 1 (2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v09i01/39703.

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21

Kennedy, Tristan. "Black metal not Black-metal: White privilege in online heavy metal spaces." Media International Australia 169, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18793173.

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With an increasing online presence among Indigenous Australians, it is worth examining the ways in which online communication technology allows the persistence of racism and White privilege in these spaces. I draw on my experience of conducting research in online heavy metal spaces to highlight technological affordances which allow heightened visibility and permanence of racism and White privilege. That is, language in these spaces tends to construct White bodies as superior and positions non-White bodies as other. I conclude that the affordances of heightened visibility and permanence in these online heavy metal spaces present new challenges for approaches to the fight against racism in everyday Australia.

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Norman, Heidi. "Exploring Effective Teaching Strategies: Simulation Case Studies and Indigenous Studies at the University Level." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 33 (2004): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600820.

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AbstractThis paper explores teaching strategies for communicating complex issues and ideas to a diverse group of students, with different educational and vocational interests, that encourage them to develop critical thinking, and explores pedagogies appropriate to the multidisciplinary field of Aboriginal studies. These issues will be investigated through discussion of a successful simulation case study, including the setting up, resourcing, conducting and debriefing. The simulated case study was an assessed component of the new elective subject, Reconciliation Studies, offered at the University of Technology Sydney. In 2003 students participated in a role-play based on events in relation to the development of the Hindmarsh Island Bridge. Students were assigned roles as stakeholders where they researched and then role-played, through their assigned characters, the multilayered and complex dimensions of this recent dispute. Students were required to reflect critically on the cultural, economic, legal and political issues that were pertinent to their stakeholder and explore the underlying racial, ethical and moral grounds for their particular standpoint. I argue that teaching strategies such as these can contribute to locating Indigenous Australian perspectives and experiences as critical within the professional profiles and practice skills of Australian university graduates.

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Martínez, Julia. "The ‘Malay’ Community in Pre-war Darwin." Queensland Review 6, no. 2 (November 1999): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001148.

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This paper examines the ‘Malay’ community in pre-war Darwin, focusing on those men who were brought to Australia to work in the pearling industry. It considers their status within the community, and questions the degree to which the White Australia policy impinged upon their lives. The tenn ‘Malay’ in this context does not refer to the ‘Malays’ of present-day Malaysia, but rather to the ambiguous colonial construction which was loosely based on notions of ‘racial’ grouping. Adrian Vickers’ study of South-East Asian ‘Malay’ identity points to its multiple forms: the colonial constructions of the British and the Dutch; the existence of non-Muslim Malays; and the many ethnic groups whose identities cut across the national boundaries which form present-day Malaysia and Indonesia and the southern Philippines. In the Australian context, the works of John Mulvaney and Campbell Macknight have examined Macassan contact with northern Aboriginal groups, particularly in the Gulf of Carpentaria. According to Mulvaney, the term ‘Macassan’ was used to refer to the Bugis and Macassan seafarers who came to Australia from southern Sulawesi. He notes, however, that nineteenth-century Europeans, such as French commander Baudin and Matthew Flinders referred to them as ‘Malays’.

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Perera, Suvendrini, and Joseph Pugliese. "'Racial suicide': the re-licensing of racism in Australia." Race & Class 39, no. 2 (October 1997): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639689703900201.

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Taliaferro, Charles, and Anders Hendrickson. "Hume’s Racism and His Case against the Miraculous." Philosophia Christi 4, no. 2 (2002): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pc20024243.

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Nikro, Norman Saadi. "On Being Lebanese in Australia: Identity, Racism and the Ethnic Field." Journal of Intercultural Studies 34, no. 1 (February 2013): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2013.765378.

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Carangio, Vassilissa, Karen Farquharson, Santina Bertone, and Diana Rajendran. "Racism and White privilege: highly skilled immigrant women workers in Australia." Ethnic and Racial Studies 44, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1722195.

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Dreher, Tanja. "Racism and media: a response from Australia during the global pandemic." Ethnic and Racial Studies 43, no. 13 (August 19, 2020): 2363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1784452.

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29

Francis, Mark. "Social Darwinism and the construction of institutionalised racism in Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 20, no. 50-51 (January 1996): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059609387281.

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Mcleod, Julie, and Lyn Yates. "Who is 'Us'? Students Negotiating Discourses of Racism and National Identification in Australia." Race Ethnicity and Education 6, no. 1 (March 2003): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1361332022000044576.

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Hancock, Peter. "Recent African Refugees to Australia: Analysis of Current Refugee Services, a Case Study from Western Australia." International Journal of Psychological Studies 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v1n2p10.

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In the last decade the number of African refugees arriving in Australia has increased significantly, to the extent to which by 2008 they outnumbered all other refugee and humanitarian entrants to Australia (for example, in 2004-2005 75% of all refugee and humanitarian entrants to Australia were from Africa). Existing service provision models have been found to be ill-equipped to cope with this sudden influx and have struggled to cope with the unique needs of African refugees (trauma, cultural needs, racism and longer settlement adjustment periods – compared to other groups) in particular. This paper is based on a data-base and literature analysis of the numbers, issues and problems faced by refugees in Western Australia. Its major aim is to provide researchers and policy-makers with a resource base from which they can further their understandings of the plight of refugees in developing nations. As such much of the paper is based on analysis of a large amount of literature and data from government agencies, designed to provide an exhaustive overview of refugees, their experiences and gaps in service provision in Western Australia.

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Young, Evelyn Y. "The Four Personae of Racism." Urban Education 46, no. 6 (July 18, 2011): 1433–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085911413145.

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This study used CRT to engage educators in critical discourse regarding the persistence of racism in urban schooling. A combined method of action research and critical case study was employed to raise a group of educators’ race consciousness through antiracist training. Findings revealed conflicting views of racism as an individual pathology vs. a systemic problem, which led to the development of four personae of racism: the conscious perpetrators, the unconscious perpetrators, the deceived perpetrators/activists, and the enlightened perpetrators/activists. The study found that the participants were largely deceived by their social activism to recognize their perpetuation of racism through their practice.

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Forrest, James, and Kevin Dunn. "Cultural diversity, racialisation and the experience of racism in rural Australia: the South Australian case." Journal of Rural Studies 30 (April 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.11.002.

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Brooks, Jeffrey S., and Terri N. Watson. "School Leadership and Racism: An Ecological Perspective." Urban Education 54, no. 5 (July 10, 2018): 631–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085918783821.

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This article reports results from a single-school case study that explored the ways racism influences (and is influenced by) racism. The study examined the ways racism is manifest at different levels of the system: individual, dyadic, subcultural, institutional, and societal. In doing so, the authors sought to understand how racism influences leadership practice within and across each of these levels, meaning as a whole they were considered as an ecological model. Findings suggested pretext, context and posttext are important, and that individual educators’ leadership is influenced by ever-changing racial dynamics in their school.

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Campani, Giovanna. "Immigration and racism in southern Europe: The Italian case." Ethnic and Racial Studies 16, no. 3 (July 1993): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1993.9993794.

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Burns, T. W., and E. Szczerbicki. "Implementing Concurrent Engineering: Case Studies from Eastern Australia." Concurrent Engineering 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x9700500208.

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Bagheri, Mohammad B., and Matthias Raab. "Subsurface engineering of CCUS in Australia (case studies)." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18125.

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Carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) is a rapidly emerging field in the Australian oil and gas industry to address carbon emissions while securing reliable energy. Although there are similarities with many aspects of the oil and gas industry, subsurface CO2 storage has some unique geology and geophysics, and reservoir engineering considerations, for which we have developed specific workflows. This paper explores the challenges and risks that a reservoir engineer might face during a field-scale CO2 injection project, and how to address them. We first explain some of the main concepts of reservoir engineering in CCUS and their synergy with oil and gas projects, followed by the required inputs for subsurface studies. We will subsequently discuss the importance of uncertainty analysis and how to de-risk a CCUS project from the subsurface point of view. Finally, two different case studies will be presented, showing how the CCUS industry should use reservoir engineering analysis, dynamic modelling and uncertainty analysis results, based on our experience in the Otway Basin. The first case study provides a summary of CO2CRC storage research injection results and how we used the dynamic models to history match the results and understand CO2 plume behaviour in the reservoir. The second case study shows how we used uncertainty analysis to improve confidence on the CO2 plume behaviour and to address regulatory requirements. An innovative workflow was developed for this purpose in CO2CRC to understand the influence of each uncertainty parameter on the objective functions and generate probabilistic results.

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Kumar, Deepa. "Mediating Racism." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 7, no. 1 (2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-00701001.

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The far right in the United States has ratcheted up anti-Muslim racism in the twenty-first century. However, they are not alone in creating and circulating the discourses of Islamophobia. In this paper, I set out to situate the far right, who I call the ‘new McCarthyites’, within the broader context in which they operate. I argue that they are part of a larger matrix of Islamophobia which includes the liberal establishment. I start with a concrete case study of the ‘Ground Zero Mosque’ controversy, in order to demonstrate how various discourses of Islamophobia co-exist and fuel one another. I contend that even while the new McCarthyites were responsible for the hysteria generated, their arguments were enabled by liberals/realists. I then unpack the various agents who make up a coalition of the new McCarthyites and outline how they propagate their troglodyte racism. Finally, I offer a matrix that illustrates where Islamophobic ideologies are produced and how they are circulated in the mainstream. Such a structural analysis necessarily decenters the mainstream media since the media are one set of institutions, among others, that serve both as conduit and creator of anti-Muslim racism.

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Mosley, Albert. "Book Review: Racism and Justice: The Case for Affirmative Action." Review of Black Political Economy 21, no. 4 (March 1993): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689965.

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Hinshelwood, R. D. "Intolerance and The Intolerable: The Case of Racism." Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2007): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pcs.2100103.

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Cerhan, James R., Silvia de Sanjosé, Bracci M. Paige, John J. Spinelli, Claire M. Vajdic, Alain Monnereau, Luigino Dal Maso, et al. "Transfusion History and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): an Interlymph Pooled Analysis." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3039.3039.

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Abstract Background. A recent meta-analysis of 9 case-control and 5 cohort studies reported a positive association of transfusion history with risk of NHL (RR=1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.35), which was only evident in cohort (RR=1.25) and not case-control (RR=1.05) studies (Castillo et al., Blood 2010;116:2897-2907). Risk was similar in men and women, and for transfusions before or after 1992. In subset analyses, elevated risk was only apparent for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and not diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma, but power was low. To further investigate these findings, particularly from studies conducted after 1990, better assess confounding, and address heterogeneity by NHL subtypes, we conducted an individual-level, pooled analysis of 13 case-control studies in the InterLymph Consortium (including 11 studies conducted after 1990; 8 studies were not included in the published meta-analysis). Methods. There were a total of 10,805 cases and 14,026 controls with transfusion data from 13 studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. Transfusion history and other risk factors were self-reported in interviewer-administered or self-administered questionnaires. All risk factor data were harmonized centrally, and cases were grouped into NHL subtypes according to the WHO classification using guidelines from the InterLymph Pathology Working Group. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, and study center. Results. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years for cases (range, 18-97) and 59 years for controls (range, 16-97). The overall prevalence of a history of any transfusion in controls was 15.5%, was higher in women (18.6%) than men (13.0%), and increased with age, but was not associated with race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, other) or geographic region after adjusting for age and sex. Among whites, history of any transfusion was inversely associated with NHL risk among men (OR=0.74; 95% CI 0.65-0.83) but not women (OR=0.92; 95% CI 0.83-1.03); there were no significant results for other race/ethnicity groups, and ORs were highly variable and imprecise due to small sample sizes. Thus analyses were restricted to white men, where there was no trend with the number of transfusions, time since first transfusion, age at first transfusion, or decade of first transfusion. Further adjustment for socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use or hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositivity did not alter these results. The associations were stronger in hospital-based (OR=0.56; 95% CI 0.45-0.70) than population-based (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.98) studies, and were stronger in studies from Southern Europe (OR=0.53; 95% CI 0.36-0.79) than northern Europe (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.53-0.83) or North America (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.70-0.98). For NHL subtypes, statistically significant inverse associations were observed for follicular lymphoma (OR=0.70; 95% CI 0.56-0.88), DLBCL (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.87), and CLL/SLL (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.52-0.87), whereas weaker and non-statistically significant associations were observed for mantle cell (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.54-1.23), marginal zone (OR=0.78; 95% CI 0.54-1.15), lymphoplasmacytic (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.47-1.42) and peripheral T-cell (OR=0.83; 95% CI 0.49-1.40) lymphomas. Conclusion. Contrary to earlier results, transfusion history was inversely associated with risk of NHL and the common subtypes of follicular lymphoma, DLBCL and CLL/SLL among white men, whereas associations were null among white women and other racial/ethnic groups. These results were not explained by confounding by lifestyle factors or HCV seropositivity, era of first transfusion, hospital versus population-based study design, or geographic location. Despite dramatic changes in transfusion practice over the past 40 years, results were similar for decade of first transfusion, suggesting secular trends are a less likely explanation. Our results are unexpected and bias cannot be ruled out. Further studies, particularly cohort studies, are needed to clarify the role of transfusion history in NHL risk. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Adam, Helen, Caroline Barratt-Pugh, and Yvonne Haig. "Book Collections in Long Day Care: Do they Reflect Racial Diversity?" Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 42, no. 2 (June 2017): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23965/ajec.42.2.11.

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CHILDREN'S LITERATURE IS IMPORTANT because it nurtures emotional, social, creative and cognitive development, and gives children opportunities to appreciate and respond to diversity. In particular, literature that portrays racial and cultural diversity is a powerful means of promoting understanding of others while affirming individual identity. However, the limited number of studies about the nature and use of literature that reflects diversity in early childhood settings prompted this study, which investigates the nature of book collections in five long day care centres in the metropolitan region of Perth, Western Australia, with a specific focus on the extent to which they reflect racial diversity. Qualitative data was drawn from an audit of the children's book collections (2377 books) across each of the five centres. The findings revealed a lack of representation of racial diversity in those collections and where racial diversity was portrayed, non-dominant cultures were commonly misrepresented through stereotypical images often portraying outdated perspectives.

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Bird, John. "Psychoanalysis and Racism: A Response to R.D. Hinshelwood's Intolerance and the Intolerable: The Case of Racism." Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society 12, no. 4 (November 30, 2007): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pcs.2100142.

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Holmes IV, Oscar. "Police brutality and four other ways racism kills Black people." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-06-2020-0151.

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PurposeThis article was written in response to the #BlackLivesMatter social justice protests that erupted around the world in response to the killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery in 2020.Design/methodology/approachThis article weaves personal experiences, published research and current events and social issues to build the case that there are many ways that racism kills Black people.FindingsAlthough antiblack police brutality looms largely in people's minds of how racism kills Black people, less conspicuous ways that racism kills Black people are often overlooked.Originality/valueIn this article, the author highlights: (1) the perennial expectation that Black people cater to other people's needs and desires; (2) performative activism and allyship; (3) assigning Black people the responsibility for fixing racism and (4) thinking education, mentoring or wealth is the panacea for racism as these less conspicuous ways that racism kills Black people.

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Bourke, Christopher John, Henrietta Marrie, and Adrian Marrie. "Transforming institutional racism at an Australian hospital." Australian Health Review 43, no. 6 (2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18062.

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Objectives The aims of this study were to: (1) examine institutional racism’s role in creating health outcome discrepancies for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples; and (2) assess the management of institutional racism in an Australian hospital and health service (HHS). Methods A literature review informed consideration of institutional racism and the health outcome disparities it produces. Publicly available information, provided by an Australian HHS, was used to assess change in an Australian HHS in five key areas of institutional racism: inclusion in governance, policy implementation, service delivery, employment and financial accountability. These findings were compared with a 2014 case study. Results The literature concurs that outcome disparity is a defining characteristic of institutional racism, but there is contention about processes. Transformative change was detected in the areas of governance, service delivery and employment at an Australian HHS, but there was no change in financial accountability or policy implementation. Conclusions The health outcomes of some racial groups can be damaged by institutional racism. An external assessment tool can help hospitals and health services to change. What is known about the topic? Institutional racism theory is still developing. An external assessment tool to measure, monitor and report on institutional racism has been developed in Australia. What does this paper add? This study on institutional racism has useful propositions for healthcare organisations experiencing disparities in outcomes between racial groups. What are the implications for practitioners? The deleterious effects of institutional racism occur regardless of practitioner capability. The role for practitioners in ameliorating institutional racism is to recognise the key indicator of poorer health outcomes, and to then seek change within their hospital or healthcare organisation.

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Stinchcomb, Jillian. "Race, Racism, and the Hebrew Bible: The Case of the Queen of Sheba." Religions 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100795.

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The Queen of Sheba, best known for visiting Solomon at the height of his rule, is commonly understood to be one of the most famous Black queens of the Bible. However, biblical texts record nothing of her family or people, any physical characteristics, nor where, precisely, Sheba is located. How did this association between the Queen of Sheba and Blackness become naturalized? This article answers this question by mapping three first millennium textual moments that racialize the Queen of Sheba through attention to geography, skin color, and lineage in the writings of Origen of Alexandria, Flavius Josephus, and Abu Ja’afar al-Tabari. These themes are transformed in the Ethiopic text the Kebra Nagast, which positively claims the Queen of Sheba as an African monarch in contrast to the Othering that is prominent in earlier texts. The Kebra Nagast has a complex afterlife, one which acts as the ground for the also-complex modern reception of the character of the Queen of Sheba.

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Poynting, Scott, and Victoria Mason. "“Tolerance, Freedom, Justice and Peace”?: Britain, Australia and Anti-Muslim Racism since 11 September 2001." Journal of Intercultural Studies 27, no. 4 (November 2006): 365–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860600934973.

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HOU, Baohong, Bernd H. MICHAELSEN, Ziying LI, John L. KEELING, and Adrian J. FABRIS. "Paleovalley-related Uranium: Case-studies from Australia and China." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 88, s2 (December 2014): 1355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12381_9.

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Fox-Hughes, Paul. "Springtime Fire Weather in Tasmania, Australia: Two Case Studies." Weather and Forecasting 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-11-00020.1.

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Abstract A number of severe springtime fire weather events have occurred in Tasmania, Australia, in recent years. Two such events are examined here in some detail, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in the events. Both events exhibit strong winds and very low surface dewpoint temperatures. Associated 850-hPa wind–dewpoint depression conditions are extreme in both cases, and evaluation of these quantities against a scale of past occurrences may provide a useful early indicator of future severe events. Both events also feature the advection of air from drought-affected continental Australia ahead of cold fronts. This air reaches the surface in the lee of Tasmanian topography by the action of the föehn effect. In one event, there is good evidence of an intrusion of stratospheric, high potential vorticity (PV), air, supplementing the above mechanism and causing an additional peak in airmass dryness and wind speed.

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Carter, Jennifer L., and Greg J. E. Hill. "Critiquing environmental management in indigenous Australia: two case studies." Area 39, no. 1 (March 2007): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00716.x.

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