Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Racing'
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Ahlberg, Johan, and Roland Lindblom. "H2 För racing." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2636.
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Motor sports have been around as long as motor vehicles have been. Sports are often seen as costly polluter but in the same time the motor sports have encourages a large part of development, both for vehicles and other industries. Inventions like rear mirror and ABS brakes come from motor sports.
One way to once again drive development forward while making motor sports carbon-neutral is to run the race cars on hydrogen.
In this thesis, the goal is to convert a spark ignition engine for hydrogen operation. The basis for the hydrogen conversion is the current situation analysis, which raises questions about racing, safety, economy and technology.
In the current situation the most hydrogen are made from natural gas reforming, giving a net increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The technology and the desire are to produce hydrogen from all eco-friendly sources such as hydro, solar and wind power. Today, hydrogen is stored efficiently in 700 bars composite tanks.
This thesis shows how easy most diesel, wankel or spark ignition engines can be converted to hydrogen. Our engine has been converted through the reconstruction of ignition and fuel systems for hydrogen.
One possible scenario for hydrogen racing is to use professor Stenmark hydrogen balls (macro-spheres) in a piping system in the car. As the macro-spheres can be easily inserted in the pipe, the safety, space and emphasis in the car improved significantly against other storage methods of hydrogen. Today there are no race classes for hydrogen vehicles, but in the future, hydrogen vehicles can perhaps compete on equal terms or in their own classes.
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Xiong, Ying S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Racing line optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64669.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-113).
Although most racers are good at controlling their cars, world champions are always talented at choosing the right racing line while others mostly fail to do that. Optimal racing line selection is a critical problem in car racing. However, currently it is strongly based on the intuition of experienced racers after they conduct repeated real-time experiments. It will be very useful to have a method which can generate the optimal racing line based on the given racing track and the car. This paper explains four methods to generate optimal racing lines: the Euler spiral method, artificial intelligence method, nonlinear programming solver method and integrated method. Firstly we study the problem and obtain the objective functions and constraints for both 2-D and 3-D situations. The mathematical and physical features of the racing tracks are studied. Then we try different ways of solving this complicated nonlinear programming problem. The Euler spiral method generates Euler spiral curve turns at corners and it gives optimal results fast and accurately for 2-D corners with no banking. The nonlinear programming solver method is based on the MINOS solver on AMPL and the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox and it only needs the input of the objective function and constraints. A heavy emphasis is placed on the artificial intelligence method. It works well for any 2-D or 3-D track shapes. It uses intelligent algorithms including branch-cutting and forward-looking to give optimal racing lines for both 2-D and 3-D tracks. And the integrated method combines methods and their advantages so that it is fast and practical for all situations. Different methods are compared, and their evolutions towards the optimum are described in detail. Convenient display software is developed to show the tracks and racing lines for observation. The approach to finding optimal racing lines for cars will be also helpful for finding optimal racing lines for bicycle racing, ice skating and skiing.
by Ying Xiong.
S.M.
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Glenn, Antonia Nakano. "Racing and e-racing the stage : the politics of mixed race performance /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3149286.
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Nowlan, Daniel Sean. "Estimation and optimisation of the performance of the race car." Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1755.
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Thesis (M.E. (Res.))--Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Sydney, 1999.Title from title screen (viewed on February 3, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Research) to the Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Nowlan, Daniel Sean. "The estimation and optimisation of the performance of the race car." Connect to full text, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1755.
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Thesis (M.E. (Res.))--Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Sydney, 1999.Title from title screen (viewed on February 3, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Research) to the Dept. of Aeronautical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Shortt, Michael. "Arms racing, coercion and war." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86735.
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This paper constructs a graphical and mathematical model of dyadic interstate security competition. It does so by integrating arms racing and war initiation in to a single rational choice framework. The model is constructed from rigorously-defined concepts and all assumptions are made explicit. Equilibrium values for security-based arms racing are derived under the model and compared to conquest-seeking arms races. Comparative static results are provided for several shocks to the basic system. The model is informally extended in to probabilistic war scenarios. Finally, a number of testable predictions generated by the model are presented.Ce mémoire présente un modèle graphique et mathématique du conflit dyadique dans le domaine de la sécurité internationale. Le modèle permet d'interpréter la course aux armements et le déclenchement des guerres dans un cadre formel. Le modèle est construit a partir de concepts rigoureusement définies et nos postulats ont été présenté de manières explicites. Les valeurs d'équilibre pour une course aux armements voulant assurer la sécurité nationale sont prédits à partir du modèle et comparé aux valeurs produites pour une course aux armements avec des objectifs de conquête. Différents résultats d'analyse statique sont comparés pour différentes perturbations du modèle de base. Le modèle est étendu intuitivement pour présenter des scénarios probabilistes de guerre. Finalement, de nombreuses propositions réfutables sont dérivées du modèle.
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Biddle, Simon. "Steroid metabolism in racing greyhounds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14878.
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The metabolism of androgenic anabolic steroids has been studied in the racing greyhound. Various drug preparations have been investigated utilising different derivatisation techniques, coupled with gas chromatographic analysis, to enable the identification of key metabolites in canine post administration samples. This has led to an increased understanding of some of the generic routes of steroid metabolism that take place in the greyhound. This valuable information can help to support metabolism studies in the future. The identification of specific metabolites for each compound investigated, has provided a means for controlling the misuse of these compounds, and contributed valuable enhancements to screening protocols utilised in the canine sports drug testing industry. Utilisation of the techniques described, resulted in the identification of specific major metabolites of the anabolic steroid methyltestosterone, namely 17??-methyl-5??- androstan-3??-17??-diol and 17??-methyl-5??-androstan-3??,16??,17??-triol. 16??- hydroxylation was shown to be a major phase I metabolic pathway in the canine along with phase II conjugation with glucuronic acid. Similar results were obtained during the metabolism study of the progestatgenic steroid norethisterone. Several di- and trihydroxy metabolites were detected in the glucuronic acid fraction of the post administration urines from this study. The norethisterone metabolism study also provided some insight, into the area of trace contaminants of pharmaceutical preparations. Low levels of nandrolone metabolites were also detected in the norethisterone post administration urine samples, leading to the discovery that the administered pharmaceutical tablets contained small quantities of nandrolone and 19- norandrostenedione, albeit below FDA approved contaminant levels. Modern methods of drug screening employ such highly sensitive techniques, that they allow for the detection of metabolites of such trace contaminants, following administration of the drug preparation to the greyhound. It is therefore important to have a broad understanding of the metabolism of various drug preparations, both banned and permitted substances alike; as detection of a trace amount of a banned substance metabolite, arising from the administration of a permitted medication, whose iii metabolite profile is unknown, and therefore potentially not detected, could present an interesting case. In conjunction with research into controlling the use of banned substances for the purposes of suppressing oestrus in the greyhound bitch, an investigation into normal/reference levels of endogenous hormones has been carried out. The endogenous steroid levels in a population of 212 greyhound bitches have been studied with a view to establishing a method for the detection of the exogenous administration of the endogenous anabolic steroid testosterone. The major urinary metabolites investigated were epiandrosterone, 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol and 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol. Statistical evaluations have been carried out to support the implementation of a suitable threshold for the key testosterone metabolites, namely 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol and epiandrosterone. The detection of 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol was found to be a very good indicator of the exogenous administration of testosterone to the greyhound bitch, when compared with the reference population data for this metabolite. However, further statistical/analytical data evaluation was deemed necessary before an absolute threshold could be implemented for this analyte, for the purposes of controlling the misuse of testosterone in the racing greyhound bitch. To support the understanding of endogenous steroid levels in the female greyhound, yet further, the endogenous reproductive steroid profiles were measured throughout the entire oestrus cycle of a cohort of 33 racing bitches. The results of the study clearly indicate a surge in androgen metabolites during the first 7-10 days of the oestrus cycle, in particular epiandrosterone and 5??-androstane-3??,17??-diol. This unique set of data has provided detailed information regarding the fluctuating concentrations of androgen and progesterone metabolites (following ovulation), at key stages of the canine oestrus cycle. The information obtained from this research can be used to support regulatory decisions regarding the misuse of testosterone in the racing greyhound bitch.
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Fina, Ernesto. "The friction of racing tyres." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812823/.
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This research investigates the frictional behaviour of racing tyres and compares it to the behaviour of standard road tyres. The analysis is carried out by simulating a racing tyre and a standard tyre rolling on a common track surface. A novel physical tyre model has been developed for this purpose. The model allows a detailed description of the tyre footprint mechanics, the tread compound and road surface physical characteristics. The design and development of the physical tyre model is the result of an in depth literature review, which investigates and critically discusses the main modern theories on rubber friction. In this context, the review singles out the work of Persson (2001a, 2006b), whose approach to mathematically model the complex interactions between road surface and rubber seems a good solution to be implemented in real time applications for tyre models. Persson's theories are replicated within the physical tyre model. The model is then used to calculate the footprint distribution of coefficient of friction and operating temperatures of the racing and standard tyres in order to draw some comparisons. The simulations are limited to pure traction and cornering events carried out on two surfaces with different characteristics. The simulation results highlight the greater sensitivity of racing tyres to variations in operating temperatures and the track surface characteristics. In particular, the physical model simulations show the very narrow range of operating conditions of racing tyres. This explains the variety of tread compounds that are normally used in racing competitions in order for the tyre to suit the different track surfaces and temperatures.
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Josefsson, Jonas, and Martin Hellander. "Prediction of Swedish Harness Racing." Thesis, KTH, Farkost och flyg, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140703.
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Harness racing is a sport where betting most often is done based on historical performances and known conditions from each horse. With up to 12-15 horses in each race and with a quite large set of data for each horse, harness racing seemed to be very suitable for some statistical modeling and regression analysis. The main goal of this project was to construct a model that predicts the outcome of a race better than the odds. To achieve this, many dierent covariates, and combinations of them, have been tested. Also dierent types of regression methods, such as logistic regression have been tested in order to find the best model. A big challenge has been to collect a very large amount of useful data and handling it in an e-cient way. In the end several models had been developed whereof the best ones made better predictions than the odds. Also a few betting strategies have been developed in order to investigate the possibility of making money by using the models. At least one of them seem to provide a good return.
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Whitton, Robert Christopher. "Carpal disease in racing horses." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26702.
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Thirteen Standardbred horses were trained on a treadmill for 31 weeks as part of a larger study into the effects of overtraining. Synovial fluid was collected from the midcarpal joint at the start, and at seven, 15, 21, 26 and 30 weeks of training. Low grade signs of midcarpal joint disease developed in all horses during the last 16 weeks of the program. Synovial fluid leukocyte counts remained unchanged throughout the study, whereas total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with training. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) levels increased initially, but then decreased. Correlations between the clinical signs of joint disease and sulfated GAG levels were weak.
Synovial fluid sulfated GAGs were compared with other diagnostic variables for predicting the degree of articular cartilage damage in horses with midcarpal joint disease. Interpretation of radiographs was found to be the most accurate for the prediction of articular damage. Synovial fluid analysis was found to be of little value. There was no correlation between sulfated GAG concentration and articular cartilage damage, and no significant difference between sulfated GAG concentrations from horses with clinical evidence of joint disease and horses with no signs of joint disease trained on a treadmill.
Anatomical dissections of the midcarpal joint were performed on ten cadavers. The medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL) was found to consist of four fibre bundles. The predominant orientation of these was proximodorsal to distopalmar. The lateral palmar intercarpal (LPICL) and dorsomedial intercarpal (DMICL) ligaments had a similar orientation but were simpler in structure. The alignment of these ligaments suggested that they resisted transverse forces across the midcarpal joint. Using a dorsal transverse displacement of 1.5 mm of the proximal row of carpal bones relative to the distal row of carpal bones, it was demonstrated that the palmar intercarpal ligaments provided 22.7% of the restraining force while only contributing 9% of the ligamentous cross sectional area.
A study of 32 racing horses presented with midcarpal joint disease confirmed the high frequency of MPICL tearing (51%). Enlargement of the DMICL was also common (33%). There was no correlation between the severity of signs of midcarpal joint disease and the severity of MPICL tearing. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between subchondral bone damage within the midcarpal joint, and MPICL tearing (R=-0.55). There was no association between DMICL enlargement and osteochondral damage. A postmortem study of 142 joints of horses with no history of midcarpal joint disease demonstrated that the frequency of MPICL tearing in racing horses was 91%. Severity of tearing of the MPICL increased significantly with age. Histopathological evidence of degeneration (loss of organisation of collagen fibres) was consistently observed in MPICLs of adult horses. These changes were not observed in unborn term foals, but were present from one month of age. Enlarged DMICLs had regular collagen arrangement, but discrete areas of fibrovascular infiltration were consistently observed.
The race records of 42 horses undergoing midcarpal joint carpal arthroscopy were examined. Using multiple regression the extent of subchondral bone damage was the best predictor of postoperative performance. The addition of the grade of MPICL tearing significantly improved the prediction of postoperative performance, whereas the inclusion of the extent of articular cartilage damage had no effect.
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Kords, Donald N. "A study of design parameters of a road racing endurance car /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10665.
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Fischer, Diana. "Sport vehicle & branding : racing sulky." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-2832.
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Fascination Travsport. Jag vill attrahera fler människor till travsporten, öppna deras ögon och nå deras känslor för hästens natur. Medelpunkten är relationen mellan människa och djur. En enhet och ett mått: segern. Att ge sitt bästa för att vinna! Styrka, vilja och uthållighet i en spännande och dramatisk sport. Hästen och kusken förbindas via en sulky, en metafor för passion, snabbhet och kraft med ett uttryck för det dramatiska, dynamiska och kraftfulla inom travsporten. En BMW Racing Sulky. Projektidén är att formge en tävlingssulky för travtävlingar. När man är på travbanan och tittar på ett lopp få man mycket intensiva intryck. Tränade hästar som springer tätt inpå varandra. Ibland är det upp till 12 ekipage samtidigt. Kuskar som styr och gör sina strategier, taktik och närvaro. ATG gjorde nya reklamfilmer med hästen som kärnvärde inom travsporten och dess fascinerande urkraftar. Filmerna är mycket imponerande, dramatiska och appellerar till publikens känslor. I det sambandet är den stora frågan hur man kan gå vidare med imagearbetet. Min idé är nu att införa ett nytt formspråk och image inom travsporten genom att överföra BMW:s formspråk på en travsportsulky. En dynamisk och snabb formspråk som anknyter till en utvecklad sportmanagementkultur och en satsning på en professionell produktutveckling. Eftersom formarbetet tar huvudrollen i mitt designarbete är det en fördel att samarbeta med BMW och lära sig mera om deras sätt att tänka och arbeta med exteriöra former. För att ge mitt designarbete en balans fokuserar jag dessutom på förbättringsmöjligheter angående konstruktion, ergonomi och hejar på hästen. Vagnar som glider förbi varandra och hjulens ljud, hovar och inte att glömma kommentatorns röst. Mycket snabba och dynamiska rörelsen. En enhet av två individer med samma strävan sammanbundna av en sulky. En lätt vagn som liknar i sitt utseende och konstruktion en äldre cykel. Sedan 1970, när `Mode Sulkyn kom har man knappt ändrat på dess utseende, bara på materialet från trä till stål, till aluminium och nu förtiden till kolfiber. Målet var att göra en sulky lättre och mera bekvämt för hästen. Ändå liknar de flesta vagnar varandra. Samtidigt har travsporten under de senaste decennierna inte varit särskild synlig i medierna och därför fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Bägge faktorer hänger ihop och behovet efter en frisk vind i denna sporten är stor. Hela situationen lede till ett nytt projekt `Publikprojektet ´ om Travsportens image och mediefunktion. Inom produktområdedon hittar man begrepp som optimering och inom bilbranschen är det expressiva emotionella. För sulkyns design hittade jag en inspiration som är en `merge´ av de båda. Tar man den Z4 `racing car´ som byggts i kolfiber och lackerats i BMWs sportfärgkod, vit, blå och röt står den för en `merge´ mellan form och optimering. På så sätt blir denna en symbol för en ny anda inom travsporten, liksom representativ för BMW kreativitet och innovation. Sådana sponsorer är viktiga, ty de kan bidra med professionella kunskaper inom produktutveckling samt marketing. Man kan ge och ta! Man nischar ett företag samt dess image i ett nytt område och får ny energi, image och utveckling inom travsporten.Examensarbete Industridesign kandidatexamensarbete
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Curinga, Florian. "Autonomous racing using model predictive control." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222801.
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Autonomous vehicles are expected to have a significant impact on our societies by freeinghumans from the driving task, and thus eliminating the human factor in one of themost dangerous places: roads. As a matter of facts, road kills are one of the largest sourceof human deaths and many countries put the decrease of these casualties as one of their toppriorities. It is expected that autonomous vehicles will dramatically help in achieving that.Moreover, using controllers to optimize both the car behaviour on the road and higher leveltraffic management could reduce traffic jams and increase the commuting speed overall.To minimize road kills, an approach is to design controllers that would handle the car atits limits of handling, by integrating complex dynamics such as adherence loss it is possibleto prevent the car from leaving the road. A convenient setup to evaluate this type ofcontrollers is a racing context: a controller is steering a car to complete a track as fast aspossible without leaving the road and by brining the car to its limits of handling.In this thesis, we design a controller for an autonomous vehicle with the goal of driving itfrom A to B as fast as possible. This is the main motivation in racing applications. Thecontroller should steer the car with the goal to minimize the racing time.This controller was designed within the model predictive controller (MPC) framework,where we used the concept of road-aligned model. In contrast with the standard mpc techniques,we use the objective function to maximize the progress along the reference path,by integrating a linear model of the vehicle progression along the centerline. Combinedwith linear vehicle model and constraints, a optimization problem providing the vehiclewith the future steering and throttle values to apply is formulated and solved with linearprogramming in an on-line fashion during the race. We show the effectiveness of our controllerin simulation, where the designed controller exhibits typical race drivers behavioursand strategies when steering a vehicle along a given track. We ultimately confront it withsimilar controllers from the literature, and derive its strength and weaknesses compared tothem.Autonoma fordon förväntas få en betydande inverkan på världen och därigenom elimineraden mänskliga faktorn på en av de farligaste platserna: vägar. Faktum är att dödsfall ären av de största källorna till mänsklig dödlighet och många länder i världen. Det förväntasatt autonoma fordon kommer att bidra dramatiskt för att uppnå det. Dessutom använderman kontroller för att optimera både beteende och kommunikationshastighet.För att minimera vägskador är ett tillvägagångssätt att utforma styrenheter som skullehantera bilen vid sina gränser för hantering, genom att integrera komplex dynamik, såsomvidhäftningsförlust, är det möjligt att förhindra att bilen lämnar vägen. En praktisk inställningför att utvärdera denna typ av kontroller är ett racing sammanhang: En styrenhetstyr en bil för att slutföra ett spår så snabbt som möjligt utan att lämna vägen och genomatt bränna bilen till dess gränser för hantering.I denna avhandling designar vi en kontroller för ett autonomt fordon med målet attdriva det från A till B så fort som möjligt. Detta är den främsta motivationen i racingapplikationer.Kontrollern ska styra bilen med målet att minimera racingtiden.Denna styrenhet utformades inom ramen för Model Predictive Controller (MPC), där vianvände begreppet vägjusterad modell. I motsats till standard mpc tekniker använder viobjektivfunktionen för att maximera framstegen längs referensvägen genom att integreraen linjär modell av fordonsprogressionen längs mittlinjen. Kombinerat med linjär fordonsmodelloch begränsningar, ett optimeringsproblem som ger fordonet framtida styr- ochgasvärden att applicera formuleras och lösas med linjär programmering i ett onlinemönsterunder loppet. Vi visar effektiviteten hos vår controller i simulering, där den designade regulatornuppvisar typiska racerförare beteenden och strategier när du styr ett fordon längsett visst spår. Vi konfronterar oss slutligen med liknande kontrollanter från litteraturenoch härleder dess styrka och svagheter jämfört med dem.
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Velie, Brandon Dale. "Genetics of racing durability in thoroughbreds." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12332.
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In this thesis, performance and pedigree data for all Thoroughbred racehorses that have raced in Australia and/or Hong Kong over the last decade are utilized to develop a genetic approach to improve the well-being of racing Thoroughbreds. Many previous attempts have been made to enhance the well-being of racing Thoroughbreds through modifications in management and veterinary care; however, these attempts have only resulted in environmental change and have failed to improve the horses directly. By applying established methodologies already used in the dairy, beef, pig, and sheep production industries, I establish a current benchmark for what the average Thoroughbred can expect to achieve during its racing career (e.g. career length, number of races, frequency of races). In addition, I provide a viable genetic approach to improving these outcomes while simultaneously reducing the rate of attrition within the racing industry.
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Theolin, Henrik. "Video compression optimized for racing drones." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71533.
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This thesis is a report on the findings of diifferent video coding techniques and their suitability for a low powered lightweight system mounted on a racing drone. Low latency, high consistency and a robust videostream is of the utmost importance. The literature consists of multiplecomparisons and reports on the effciency for the most commonly used video compression algorithms. These reports and findings are mainly not used on a low latency system but are testing in a laboratory environment with settings unusable for a real-time system. The literature that deals with low latency video streaming and network instability shows that only a limited set of each compression algorithms are available to ensure low complexity and no added delay to the coding process. The findings resulted in that AVC/H.264 was the most suited compression algorithm and more precise the x264 implementation was the most optimized to be able to perform well on the low powered system. To reduce delay each frameneeds to be divided into sub-frames so that encoding and decoding may be done in parallel independently of other sub-parts of the frame. This also improves error propagation when used together with an All-Intra (AI) mode that doesn't utilize any motion prediction techniques.
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Naukkarinen, Vesa. "Factors related to cycling performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Chan, Hobart. "Vehicular racing simulation: a MEL scripting approach." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1124.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop an automated technique for controlling the animation of computer-generated cars for the application of motorsports, also known as car racing. The basic idea is similar to previous work simulating flocks of birds and schools of fish. This simulation system provides a behavior model for each car and driver in a group of cars that enables them to race on a track while avoiding collisions. The technique is implemented using a commercial software package, called MAYA, utilizing its scripting language and built-in dynamics engine. While not a complete real-world dynamic simulation, the cars exhibit realism in both racing behavior and in visual motion attributes. This system allows the animator to control the number of vehicles, their properties, and their general path using an interactive interface. The automated technique replaces manual animation of each individual car and expedites production for animation or live-action effects film that includes computer-generated racing cars.
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Östlund, Eric Chung Anders. "From vision to prototype : Virtual road racing." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2817.
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Riding a stationary exercise bike regularly can lead to many health benefits such as stronger muscles, higher metabolism and reduced body fat percentage to mention a few. The biggest drawback is that training on a stationary exercise bike can be immensely boring with no stimulation or amusement factor.
This thesis presents the development of a prototype, a road racing simulator that makes training on an exercise bike more stimulating. The prototype consists of an exercise bike and a computer game. It also features a network option, making it possible to race other users, multi player style. The purpose is to make home training on the exercise bike more amusing, enjoyable and maybe even challenging.
The focus in this report lies mainly on the graphics and network parts but all steps in producing the prototype are described so the reader can get a complete picture of the project.
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Arena, Gina Elizabeth. "Racing plans of elite middle distance runners." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0007/MQ28885.pdf.
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Jamieson, Jonathan. "Trajectory generation and tracking for drone racing." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29520.
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In this thesis trajectory generation for quadrotors, a type of rotorcraft UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), is considered with two diverent methods. The first applies the Maximum Principle of optimal control to derive closed-form analytical functions that describe the translational states for two different cases of nonholonomic constraints. Parametric optimisation is used to find the trajectories. Reachable sets are found numerically and a simple obstacle avoidance method is demonstrated for both cases. The second motion planning method found trajectories with polynomial basis functions that are parametrised by an abstract function between zero and one. This virtual time domain trajectory satisfied conditions placed on the boundary derivatives and followed a sequenceof desired waypoints. A process for finding a mapping function that converts the virtual domain trajectory into one on the standard time domain is developed to minimise the trajectory time whilst ensuring the motion remained feasible by enforcing bounds on the thrust required from each rotor. An algorithm that uses additional waypoints where necessary to ensure the trajectory does not collide with the gates that define the course is developed. A method for minimising the accumulated angular acceleration of the heading angle whilst remaining within a desired tolerance of the velocity vector angle is also described. Trajectory tracking is considered by modifying an existing quadrotor tracking controller on the Special Euclidean group SE(3) to include a Linear Extended State Observer that estimates and counteracts translational disturbances. The modified controller is shown to reduce the position tracking error in the presence of square wave, sinusoidal and wind disturbances.
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Pardo, Barcelo Jose Daniel. "Optimisation of racing car suspensions featuring inerters." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/dfff1337-fffe-44ed-6359-1fab1f3e6650/1.
Full textAbstract:
Racing car suspensions are a critical system in the overall performance of the vehicle. They must be able to accurately control ride dynamics as well as influencing the handling characteristics of the vehicle and providing stability under the action of external forces. This work is a research study on the design and optimisation of high performance vehicle suspensions using inerters. The starting point is a theoretical investigation of the dynamics of a system fitted with an ideal inerter. This sets the foundation for developing a more complex and novel vehicle suspension model incorporating real inerters. The accuracy and predictability of this model has been assessed and validated against experimental data from 4- post rig testing. In order to maximise overall vehicle performance, a race car suspension must meet a large number of conflicting objectives. Hence, suspension design and optimisation is a complex task where a compromised solution among a set of objectives needs to be adopted. The first task in this process is to define a set of performance based objective functions. The approach taken was to relate the ride dynamic behaviour of the suspension to the overall performance of the race car. The second task of the optimisation process is to develop an efficient and robust optimisation methodology. To address this, a multi-stage optimisation algorithm has been developed. The algorithm is based on two stages, a hybrid surrogate model based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to obtain a set of non-dominated optimal suspension solutions and a transient lap-time simulation tool to incorporate external factors to the decision process and provide a final optimal solution. A transient lap-time simulation tool has been developed. The minimum time manoeuvring problem has been defined as an Optimal Control problem. A novel solution method based on a multi-level algorithm and a closed-loop driver steering control has been proposed to find the optimal lap time. The results obtained suggest that performance gains can be obtained by incorporating inerters into the suspension system. The work suggests that the use of inerters provides the car with an optimised aerodynamic platform and the overall stability of the vehicle is improved.
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Dolinar, A. "Intake acoustics of naturally aspirated racing engines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11429.
Full textAbstract:
The intake
system is one of the components on the internal combustion
engine most linked with the achievement of the high volumetric efficiency
required of naturally aspirated engines. High performance racing engine
intake
systems have unusual geometry with separate intake pipes (often
known as intake
trumpets) housed in a common airbox. These intake
trumpets are short pipes that are sometimes cylindrical but often conical.
The flow within the intake
system is very unsteady with high frequency wave
action
taking place. A carefully developed intake trumpet can use the wave
action to tune the
engine and therefore increase the performance distinctly.
The intake
tuning is strongly dependent on the acoustic properties of the
intake
system. Two important parameters are the pressure wave reflection
coefficient at the
open inflow end of the intake pipe (to tune the engine
effectively) and the acoustic length of the intake pipe (to tune the engine at
the
appropriate engine speed).
Acoustic measurements show that the
open inflow end reflection coefficient
decreases with inflow but increases with external
(coaxial) flow. CFD
calculations show that the vena contract a which
gets created at the open
inflow to the
pipe disappears with coaxial flow. A conical inflow shape
decreases the reflection coefficient at certain frequencies and influences the
phase angle of the acoustic waves. One dimensional prediction models for
the wave transfer inside these conical intake
pipes are validated against
acoustic measurement results.
4
The airbox decreases the reflection coefficient
distinctly due to three
dimensional resonances inside the airbox and limits the use of one
dimensional
prediction models, but the acoustic length can still be predicted
accurately. Fuelling inside the intake pipe decreases the speed of sound by
10% and thus increases the acoustic
pipe length. Therefore it influences the
engine tuning and needs be considered when developing intake systems.
A new acoustic measurement method is introduced which allows the
measurement of the acoustic
pipe length within the conical part of the intake
pipe.
Finally, the time varying nature of the intake flow and intake acoustics is
explored on a running racing engine by means of hot-wire and pressure
measurements and shows the influence of intake acoustics on the
fluctuating intake airflow velocity especially during the period when the
intake valves are closed.
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Aboud, Vieider Felicia, and Anirudh Narasimha Kulkarni. "Traction Adaptive trajectory planning for autonomous racing." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281249.
Full textAbstract:
The autonomous driving industry has undergone leaps and bounds of research to reach the mainstream market, with major players investing heavily to improve the technology further. Industry and academia are currently working to make the technology safe, reliable and robust. Autonomous racing provides this opportunity, to improve the technology to the point, where it can utilize the full physical capability of the vehicle in a wide range of operational conditions. Multiple functionalities are required to make the car autonomous, this thesis focuses on the path planning module for autonomous racing. We evaluated the performance of dynamic models, using different adaptive dynamic constraints, implemented for path planning. The evaluation is based on framework for optimization based motion planning[1] The optimization problem is solved by "Sampling Augmented Real Time Iteration (SAARTI) motion planning scheme". Four different models were studied during this thesis and include dynamic bicycle models, with static and dynamic constraints. Parameters affecting the planning performance were identified, and the trade-off between model complexity and planning horizon, was investigated by varying these parameters and the differences in performance was studied. The generalizability of results for different driving conditions was investigated for these parameter configurations. Batch simulations were performed to account for various possible scenarios of different parameter configurations, to ensure results closest to reality. The simulation was conducted with, hardware in the loop setup running the planning node, to get a realistic estimation of the computation resources. Batch simulations were instrumental in showing interesting trends of how the input parameters affected the planning performance. Simulations provided extensive proof of the different dynamic constraints improving the planning performance, over the basic dynamic model under extreme driving conditions. When reviewing the results from the simulations, the traction adaptive model showed robust and consistent performance. The results showed that combining friction estimation and load adaption, increased the ability to plan for local variations, reduced failure and improved laptime. When designing a planner for a race car that is exposed for local variations, the friction estimation is needed to reduce errors and the load adaption is needed for better handling of the vehicle to perform critical maneuvers.De senaste åren har den autonoma fordons industrin genomgått en stor utveckling genom forskning, företag har gjort stora investeringar för att förbättra teknologin för att kunna nå den privata marknaden. Industrin och akademin jobbar fortfarande för att göra autonoma bilar säkra, pålitliga och robusta. Autonom racing tillhandahåller en plattform för att förbättra tekniken så att den kan utnyttja fordonets fulla fysiska förmåga i ett brett spektrum av driftsförhållanden. Flera funktioner krävs för att göra bilen autonom, detta arbete fokuserar på rörelseplaneringsmodulen för autonom racing. Vi har utvärderat hur rörelseplanerings algoritmen presterar vid användning av en dynamisk modell med dynamiska begräsningar. Utvärderingen är baserad på ett ramverk för optimal rörelseplanering [1] vilken löser optimerings problemet genom användning av "Sampling Augmented Real Time Iteration (SAARTI) motion planning scheme". Fyra olika modeller jämfördes vilka inkluderade en dynamisk cykelmodell med både statiska och dynamiska begränsningar. De parametrar som påverkade prestandan identifierades, och avvägningen mellan modell komplexitet och planerings horisont undersöktes genom att studera skillnader i prestanda för olika parameter konfigurationer. Generaliserbarhet av resultaten undersöktes genom att studera prestandan för olika parameter konfigurationer under olika körförhållanden. Batch simuleringar utfördes för att ta hänsyn till många olika scenarion, för att säkerställa att resultaten var så nära verkligheten som möjligt. Simuleringarna visade att användning av dynamiska begränsningar vid rörelse planering förbättrar prestandan jämfört med att använda statiska begränsningar vid extrema körförhållanden. Observation av resultaten från simuleringarna visade att användning av den grepp adaptiva modellen resulterade i robust och konsistent prestanda. Att kombinera estimering av friktion och samtidigt ta hänsyn till en varierande normal kraft, ökar förmågan att planera för variationer i friktion, minskar chansen att bilen kör av vägen och förbättrar varvtiden.
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Siegler, Blake. "Lap time simulation for racing car design." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1767/.
Full textAbstract:
Racing teams use numerous computational tools (CAD, FEA, CFD) to aid in the design of racing cars and the development of their performance. Computer simulation of racing car handling through Lap Time Simulation (LTS) packages complements these tools. It also allows teams to examine the effect of different vehicle parameter setups to optimise vehicle performance. In similarity with the automotive industry, time is limited and rapid development of new ideas and technology is essential. Thus, the use of a more sophisticated computer simulation would allow a team to gain a significant advantage over their competitors. As LTS are computationally intensive,previous packages have simulateda full lap using a quasi-static method which splits the path of the vehicle into segments. An analysis is then made of the vehicle at each segment point using the external forces acting on the vehicle. Due to the constant acceleration(i.e. steady state) assumption across each segment, this method does not take into account the effect of roll, pitch and yaw inertia as well as damping and tyre lag effects. Another aspect that is not accounted for is the variation in the fastest effective vehicle path along the circuit (i.e.racing line) due to change in driver control inputs or vehicle parameters. The overall aim of this thesis is to develop a transient LTS methodology, which adopts a strategy to vary the racing line taken in order to address the problems found with the existing quasi-static LTS packages. In parallel an investigation of the accuracy of vehicle models in relationship to racing car performance has been developed. The thesis begins with a study of racing car modelling techniques and a review of current LTS packages. A description is then given of the collection of vehicle handlingd ataf rom an actualr acingc ar (alongw ith attaining a vehicle parametesr et) and the measured results displayed and discussed. The creation of two vehicle models, a simple and sophisticated version, is detailed and the measured results are compared to the simulated results of each vehicle model. It was found that the simple vehicle model does not fully represent the actual vehicle's lateral dynamic behaviour, although its steady state response was deemed to be accurate. The sophisticated vehicle model was seen to not only accurately predict the full range of lateral dynamic behaviour of the actual vehicle, but also the actual vehicle's longitudinal and combined lateral and longitudinal dynamic behaviour. To further investigate LTS techniques, a comparison study was made between various simulation approaches which indicated that the transient approach, although more complicated and time consuming, allows for more accurate tuning of a greater number of vehicle parameters. Finally, the creation of two simulation packages has been detailed and case studies are presented to provide further insight into the look and feel of the packages. The first package is a quasi-static approach based LTS package, where a case study is made into the sensitivity of overall lap time to a range of vehicle parameters. The second is a transient approach based simulation package which optimises the driver controls,varying the racing line taken by the vehicle and ensuring the manoeuvre is completed in the quickest time for that vehicle parameter set. This final Manoeuvre Time Minimisation package fulfils the overall aim of the thesis and a case study is made into the effect of front damping value on manoeuvre completion time.
25
Ahlberg, Max. "Optimization based trajectory planning for autonomous racing." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265602.
Full textAbstract:
Autonomous driving is one of the three new technologies that are disrupting the classical vehicle industry together with electrification and connectivity. All three are pieces in the puzzle to drastically reduce the number of fatalities and injuries from traffic accidents but also to reduce the total amount of cars, reduce the polluting greenhouse gases, reduce noise pollution and completely eliminate unwanted driving. For example would most people rather rest, read or do anything else instead of driving in congested traffic. It is not small steps to take and it will have to be done incrementally as many other things. Within the vehicle industry racing has always been the natural place to push the boundaries of what is possible. Here new technologies can be tested under controlled circumstances in order to faster find the best solution to a problem.Autonomous driving is no exception, the international student competition ”Formula Student” has introduced a driverless racing class and Formula E are slowly implementing Robo Race. The fact that race cars aim to drive at the limits of what is possible enable engineers to develop algorithms that can handle these conditions even in the every day life. Because even though the situations when normal passenger cars need to perform at the limits are rare, it is at these times it can save peoples lives. When an unforeseen event occurs and a fast manoeuvre has to be done in order to avoid the accident, that is when the normal car is driving at the limits. But the other thing to take into considerations when taking new technology into the consumer market is that the cars cannot cost as much as a race car. This means simpler computers has to be used and this in turn puts a constraint on the algorithms in the car. They can not be too computationally heavy.In this thesis a controller is designed to drive as fast as possible around the track. But in contrast to existing research it is not about how much the limit of speed can be pushed but of how simple a controller can be. The controller was designed with a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) that is based on a point mass model, that resembles the Center of Gravity (CoG) of the car. A g-g diagram that describes the limits of the modeled car is used as the constraints and the cost function is to maximize the distance progressed along the track in a fix time step. Together with constraints on the track boundaries an optimization problem is giving the best possible trajectory with respect to the derived model. This trajectory is then sent to a low level controller, based on a Pure Pursuit and P controller, that is following the predicted race trajectory. Everything is done online such that implementation is possible. This controller is then compared and evaluated to a similar successful controller from the literature but which has a more complicated model and MPC formulation. The comparison is made and some notable differences are that the point mass model is behaving similar to the more complex model from the literature. Though is the hypothesis not correct since the benefits of the simplification of the model, from bicycle to point mass model, is replaced when more complex constraints has to be set up, resulting in similar performance even in computational times.A combination of the two models would probably yield the best result with acceptable computational times, this is left as future work to research.Autonom körning är tillsammans med elektrifiering och uppkopplande av fordon en av tre teknologier som håller på att förändra den klassiska fordonsindustrin. Alla tre är delar i ett pussel för att drastiskt reducera antalet döda och skadade i trafiken men också för att reducera det totala antalet bilar, minska växthusgasutsläppen, mindre störande ljud och potentiellt helt kunna ta bort de timmar som man måste sitta framför en ratt utan att vilja. Det ¨ar inga små˚ förändringar och detta kommer implementeras stegvis. Inom for-donsindustrin har racing alltid varit den naturliga arenan för att föra utvecklingen framåt. Här kan nya teknologier bli testade under kontrollerade former för att snabbare kunna hitta optimala lösningar. När det kommer till autonom körning ser det ut som att detta är fallet här också, den internationella student tävlingen Formula Student har precis infört en klass för självkörande bilar och Formula E inför långsamt det som kallas Robo Race. De faktum att racebilar kör på gränsen av vad som är möjligt gör det möjligt för ingenjörer att utveckla algoritmer som kan hantera liknande situationer i vardagen. Även om de situationer där en vanlig bil behöver kunna köra på gränsen av vad som är möjligt är få, så är det vid dessa tillfällen som det finns möjlighet att rädda människoliv. När en oförutsädd händelse inträffar och en snabb manöver behöver utföras för att undvika en olycka, det är precis då som en vanlig bil behöver kunna köra på gränsen av vad som är möjligt. Men en annan sak att räkna in är att bilar som säljs till konsumenter inte kan kosta lika mycket som en racerbil. Detta betyder att enklare elektronik och hårdvara måste användas vilket i sin tur betyder att algoritmerna som används inte får vara för beräknings tunga. I detta examensarbete designas en regulator som skall vara så snabb som möjligt runt en bana, men istället för att, som i mycket annan forskning, fokusera helt på att minimera varvtiden, har här valts att se hur enkel och därmed beräkningssnabb man kan göra en regulator som ändå ger acceptabla resultat. Regulatorn var designad som en Modell Prediktiv Regulator (MPC) som är baserad på en punkt-mass modell som motsvarar mass-centrum av bilen. Ett g-g diagram används för att beskriva bilens gränser på vad den kan klara och kostnadsfunktionen designas på ett sätt så att regulatorn vill ta sig så långt som möjligt på banan under en fix tid. Tillsammans med restriktioner på vart bilen får köra ger detta optimeringsproblem den optimala trajektorien. Den beräknade trajektorien är sedan skickad till lågnivåregulatorer, en Pure Pursuit för lateral styrning och en P regulator för longitudinel styrning. Allting är gjort så att det skall kunna implementeras på en riktig racerbil utan att beräkningar görs i förhand. Den designade regulatorn är sedan jämförd med en mer komplicerad regulator som är publicerad och som har visat sig fungera. Vid jämförelsen visade det sig att båda beter sig likt i många situationer men vissa skillnader kunde observeras, som att den föreslagna hypotesen inte visade sig vara riktig. Även fast den designade regulatorn var enklare i sin modell, blev restriktionsbetingelserna svårare att hantera och därmed beräkningstiden ungefär den samma. Att sammanfoga de två modellerna är av intresse för att hitta en bättre mer race-optimal lösning och kommer tas an i framtida arbete.
26
Leal, Nerida Louise. "Illegal street racing and associated (hooning) behaviours." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43350/1/Nerida_Leal_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In an Australian context, the term hooning refers to risky driving behaviours such as illegal street racing and speed trials, as well as behaviours that involve unnecessary noise and smoke, which include burn outs, donuts, fish tails, drifting and other skids. Hooning receives considerable negative media attention in Australia, and since the 1990s all Australian jurisdictions have implemented vehicle impoundment programs to deal with the problem. However, there is limited objective evidence of the road safety risk associated with hooning behaviours.
Attempts to estimate the risk associated with hooning are limited by official data collection and storage practices, and the willingness of drivers to admit to their illegal behaviour in the event of a crash. International evidence suggests that illegal street racing is associated with only a small proportion of fatal crashes; however, hooning in an Australian context encompasses a broader group of driving behaviours than illegal street racing alone, and it is possible that the road safety risks will differ with these behaviours.
There is evidence from North American jurisdictions that vehicle impoundment programs are effective for managing drink driving offenders, and drivers who continue to drive while disqualified or suspended both during and post-impoundment. However, these programs used impoundment periods of 30 – 180 days (depending on the number of previous offences). In Queensland the penalty for a first hooning offence is 48 hours, while the vehicle can be impounded for up to 3 months for a second offence, or permanently for a third or subsequent offence within three years. Thus, it remains unclear whether similar effects will be seen for hooning offenders in Australia, as no evaluations of vehicle impoundment programs for hooning have been published.
To address these research needs, this program of research consisted of three complementary studies designed to: (1) investigate the road safety implications of hooning behaviours in terms of the risks associated with the specific behaviours, and the drivers who engage in these behaviours; and (2) assess the effectiveness of current approaches to dealing with the problem; in order to (3) inform policy and practice in the area of hooning behaviour.
Study 1 involved qualitative (N = 22) and quantitative (N = 290) research with drivers who admitted engaging in hooning behaviours on Queensland roads. Study 2 involved a systematic profile of a large sample of drivers (N = 834) detected and punished for a hooning offence in Queensland, and a comparison of their driving and crash histories with a randomly sampled group of Queensland drivers with the same gender and age distribution. Study 3 examined the post-impoundment driving behaviour of hooning offenders (N = 610) to examine the effects of vehicle impoundment on driving behaviour.
The theoretical framework used to guide the research incorporated expanded deterrence theory, social learning theory, and driver thrill-seeking perspectives. This framework was used to explore factors contributing to hooning behaviours, and interpret the results of the aspects of the research designed to explore the effectiveness of vehicle impoundment as a countermeasure for hooning. Variables from each of the perspectives were related to hooning measures, highlighting the complexity of the behaviour.
This research found that the road safety risk of hooning behaviours appears low, as only a small proportion of the hooning offences in Study 2 resulted in a crash. However, Study 1 found that hooning-related crashes are less likely to be reported than general crashes, particularly when they do not involve an injury, and that higher frequencies of hooning behaviours are associated with hooning-related crash involvement. Further, approximately one fifth of drivers in Study 1 reported being involved in a hooning-related crash in the previous three years, which is comparable to general crash involvement among the general population of drivers in Queensland. Given that hooning-related crashes represented only a sub-set of crash involvement for this sample, this suggests that there are risks associated with hooning behaviour that are not apparent in official data sources. Further, the main evidence of risk associated with the behaviour appears to relate to the hooning driver, as Study 2 found that these drivers are likely to engage in other risky driving behaviours (particularly speeding and driving vehicles with defects or illegal modifications), and have significantly more traffic infringements, licence sanctions and crashes than drivers of a similar (i.e., young) age.
Self-report data from the Study 1 samples indicated that Queensland’s vehicle impoundment and forfeiture laws are perceived as severe, and that many drivers have reduced their hooning behaviour to avoid detection. However, it appears that it is more common for drivers to have simply changed the location of their hooning behaviour to avoid detection. When the post-impoundment driving behaviour of the sample of hooning offenders was compared to their pre-impoundment behaviour to examine the effectiveness of vehicle impoundment in Study 3, it was found that there was a small but significant reduction in hooning offences, and also for other traffic infringements generally. As Study 3 was observational, it was not possible to control for extraneous variables, and is, therefore, possible that some of this reduction was due to other factors, such as a reduction in driving exposure, the effects of changes to Queensland’s Graduated Driver Licensing scheme that were implemented during the study period and affected many drivers in the offender sample due to their age, or the extension of vehicle impoundment to other types of offences in Queensland during the post-impoundment period. However, there was a protective effect observed, in that hooning offenders did not show the increase in traffic infringements in the post period that occurred within the comparison sample. This suggests that there may be some effect of vehicle impoundment on the driving behaviour of hooning offenders, and that this effect is not limited to their hooning driving behaviour. To be more confident in these results, it is necessary to measure driving exposure during the post periods to control for issues such as offenders being denied access to vehicles.
While it was not the primary aim of this program of research to compare the utility of different theoretical perspectives, the findings of the research have a number of theoretical implications. For example, it was found that only some of the deterrence variables were related to hooning behaviours, and sometimes in the opposite direction to predictions. Further, social learning theory variables had stronger associations with hooning. These results suggest that a purely legal approach to understanding hooning behaviours, and designing and implementing countermeasures designed to reduce these behaviours, are unlikely to be successful.
This research also had implications for policy and practice, and a number of recommendations were made throughout the thesis to improve the quality of relevant data collection practices. Some of these changes have already occurred since the expansion of the application of vehicle impoundment programs to other offences in Queensland. It was also recommended that the operational and resource costs of these laws should be compared to the road safety benefits in ongoing evaluations of effectiveness to ensure that finite traffic policing resources are allocated in a way that produces maximum road safety benefits. However, as the evidence of risk associated with the hooning driver is more compelling than that associated with hooning behaviour, it was argued that the hooning driver may represent the better target for intervention.
Suggestions for future research include ongoing evaluations of the effectiveness of vehicle impoundment programs for hooning and other high-risk driving behaviours, and the exploration of additional potential targets for intervention to reduce hooning behaviour. As the body of knowledge regarding the factors contributing to hooning increases, along with the identification of potential barriers to the effectiveness of current countermeasures, recommendations for changes in policy and practice for hooning behaviours can be made.
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Gardner, Andrew S. "Power output of track sprint cyclists /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18973.pdf.
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Yuen, Kwok-kuen Patrick. "Macau Grand Prix international community." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950642.
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Karlsson, Erik. "Datadrivet generellt partikelsystem till NeoEngine och Power Racing." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-449.
Full textAbstract:
Arbetet har utförts åt Power Challenge AB som utvecklar onlinebaserade spel. Partikelsystemet är utvecklat att kunna användas oavsett spel, men effekterna som skapats i detta arbete är riktat till ett racing-spel. En generell uppbyggnad har underlättat konfigurationen av olika parametrar avsevärt. Det har också medfört skapandet av en editor där det går att skapa nya effekter samt spara ner konfigurationen för dessa.
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Thorstensson, Tony, and Ola Udd. "Utveckling av Vobbla Racing Produkters försäljning på internet." Thesis, University West, Department of Economics and IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-493.
Full textAbstract:
Vobbla Racing is a racing team who has an online sales department that is in need of an upgrade to be more efficient and easier to use. Before this study their present homepage was anything but structured. The products were sorted in an illogical order which made it difficult for the customer to find a wanted product. The customer had to summarize the products, transport sums and other costs. The order had to be e-mailed or phoned in to Vobbla Racing Produkter. As new products arrived to the assortment a structured control of the warehouse was difficult to achieve. By creating a web shop and an online inventory system it will be more efficient and easier to use both for employee and costumer. An administrator shall by an administrator site handle the product-, order-, and menu information. The customer shall easily navigate through the product pages and add wanted products to the shopping cart. The customer shall also be able to register as a member of Vobbla Racing Produkter to easier place an order and to get information such as previous orders. We made an analysis of Vobbla Racing\2019s present sales procedure and their wanted situation which showed areas in their activities that were in need of efficiency. A survey was made for us to get a brief overview of how a web shop is build. It helped us to get an understanding in our planning of the web structure. The web shop is build with ASP that works against a database to get and store information. The products in the shopping cart are stored in a cookie so that the database and web shop doesn't get overloaded. The shopping cart is always available for the customer to give an overview of his products. Vobbla Racing Produkter is happy with the result. We created the critical parts for the shopping and inventory, but not everything we had hoped for.
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Gustafsson, Thomas. "Computing The Ideal Racing Line Using Optimal Control." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11544.
Full textAbstract:
In racing, it is useful to analyze vehicle performance and driving strategies to achieve the best result possible in competitions. This is often done by simulations and test driving.
In this thesis optimal control is used to examine how a racing car should be driven to minimize the lap time. This is achieved by calculating the optimal racing line at various tracks. The tracks can have arbitrary layout and consist of corners with non-constant radius. The road can have variable width. A four wheel vehicle model with lateral and longitudinal weight transfer is used.
To increase the performance of the optimization algorithm, a set of additional techniques are used. The most important one is to divide tracks into smaller overlapping segments and find the optimal line for each segment independently. This turned out to be useful when the track is long.
The optimal racing line is found for various tracks and cars. The solutions have several similarities to real driving techniques. The result is presented as driving instructions in Racer, a car simulator.
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Møllersen, Lauritz, and Per Øyvind Stadheim. "Revolve Analyzer : Development of racing data analysis software." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18571.
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van, Someren K. A. "Physiological factors associated with 200m sprint kayak racing." Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324167.
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Neville, Vernon. "The physiological demands of America's Cup yacht racing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36079.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research was to report the physiological demands of America's Cup yacht racing. The nature of racing was quantified, specifically the activity pattern and exercise intensity, and the anthropometric, and fitness characteristics of the athletes documented. This included physiological assessment (aerobic power and anaerobic power) of the athletes during' grinding' (standing arm-cranking) the primary activity of America's Cup sailing. The influence of crank velocity, crank length, crank-axle height and the role of the lower limbs were evaluated in order to determine the conditions for optimal power production during grinding. The acute thermoregulatory responses to racing were assessed, and the chronic responses to training in terms of upper respiratory infection (URI), salivary-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and subjective fatigue documented. The exercise intensity of racing was high, but intermittent, and influenced by how evenly matched the boats were and the role of the athlete.
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Toschi, Alessandro. "Integration of Model Predictive Control for autonomous racing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textAbstract:
Autonomous driving is one of the technologies that could impact significantly society
in the next decades. While various advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have
already been introduced in commercial passenger vehicles, the technology for fully self-
driving cars is not yet ready. The Indy Autonomous Challenge is a competition between
universities and research centers, born to advance the technology in this field by com-
peting in autonomous racecar events. The IAC seeks to increase public awareness of
the transformational impact that automation can have on society and solve edge-case
scenarios unlikely to happen in an urban scenario but with the need of be addressed to
ensure safety.
The focus of this thesis is on the integration of the controller, a model predictive control
(MPC), used in two of these challenges. This class of control, based on a constrained op-
timal control scheme, is usually used to cope with challenging situations and was suitable
for handling an autonomous car at high speeds.
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Běhal, Lukáš. "An Autonomous Driver of a TORCS Racing Car." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236619.
Full textAbstract:
Tato práce popisuje simulátor TORCS a optimalizační algoritmy, jenž jsou využívány při tvorbě autonomních řidičů pro tento simulátor. Hlavním cílem je navržení nového autonomního řidiče, který se bude schopen s použitím přírodou inspirovaných optimalizačních technik vyrovnat již dříve navrženým řešením. Chování implementovaného řešení lze rozdělit do dvou hlavních částí, které jsou využívány v různých rozdílných etapách závodu. Zahřívací kolo je využito pro vytvoření modelu trati, ze kterého je posléze získána optimální trajektorie pomocí genetického algoritmu. Této trajektorie je potom využíváno v samotné kvalifikaci či závodě pro zajetí co nejrychlejšího kola. Z důvodu složitosti problému optimalizace celé trajektorie je nutno tuto trajektorii rozdělit na menší úseky nazývané segmenty, přičemž každý z nich je potom optimalizován odděleně. Jednotlivé optimalizované segmenty jsou následně spojeny dohromady, aby opět utvořily trajektorii pro celou trať. Protože některé přechody mezi segmenty mohou být nesouvislé, je zde znovu aplikován genetický algoritmus pro jejich vyhlazení. Během závodu je tato trajektorie následována, přičemž se z ní odvíjí i maximální možná rychlost v daném úseku. V práci jsme ukázali, že vzorkování trati s následnou optimalizací pomocí genetického algoritmu trvá pouze zlomek času vyhrazeného pro zahřívací kolo. Nejen díky tomuto se řešení jeví jako vhodné pro závody autonomních řidičů a může být dále rozšířeno.
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Zhu, Jiale S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Racing esports in China : CUI's business expansion plan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126995.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-66).
In recent years the racing esports industry has been of greater importance in the business world beyond the role of a cultural medium. With the industry's larger size and potential for more growth, the industry has attracted many newcomers. One of them is CUI which was founded in 2018. This thesis studies the key stakeholders in the racing esports industry, how racing esports differentiates from other esports and other sports games, and the investment landscape in this industry. Furthermore, the thesis analyzes the policies of racing esports industry in China, development potential of the industry from both supply side and demand side, and the possibility of synergies between racing esports industry and automotive industry. Based on all the research, analysis and 536 consumers questionnaires, the study gives five recommendations for CUI to expand its business including expanding business in B2B market using referral marketing, entering into B2C market with 4P strategy, expanding CUI's role in value chain, building CUI's own E-commerce platform and establishing China's first online sim racing management system.
by Jiale Zhu.
S.M. in Management Studies
S.M.inManagementStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Dolinar, Andreas. "The intake acoustics of naturally aspirated racing engines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11429.
Full textAbstract:
The intake system is one of the components on the internal combustion engine most linked with the achievement of the high volumetric efficiency required of naturally aspirated engines. High performance racing engine intake systems have unusual geometry with separate intake pipes (often known as intake trumpets) housed in a common airbox. These intake trumpets are short pipes that are sometimes cylindrical but often conical. The flow within the intake system is very unsteady with high frequency wave action taking place. A carefully developed intake trumpet can use the wave action to tune the engine and therefore increase the performance distinctly. The intake tuning is strongly dependent on the acoustic properties of the intake system. Two important parameters are the pressure wave reflection coefficient at the open inflow end of the intake pipe (to tune the engine effectively) and the acoustic length of the intake pipe (to tune the engine at the appropriate engine speed). Acoustic measurements show that the open inflow end reflection coefficient decreases with inflow but increases with external (coaxial) flow. CFD calculations show that the vena contract a which gets created at the open inflow to the pipe disappears with coaxial flow. A conical inflow shape decreases the reflection coefficient at certain frequencies and influences the phase angle of the acoustic waves. One dimensional prediction models for the wave transfer inside these conical intake pipes are validated against acoustic measurement results. 4 The airbox decreases the reflection coefficient distinctly due to three dimensional resonances inside the airbox and limits the use of one dimensional prediction models, but the acoustic length can still be predicted accurately. Fuelling inside the intake pipe decreases the speed of sound by 10% and thus increases the acoustic pipe length. Therefore it influences the engine tuning and needs be considered when developing intake systems. A new acoustic measurement method is introduced which allows the measurement of the acoustic pipe length within the conical part of the intake pipe. Finally, the time varying nature of the intake flow and intake acoustics is explored on a running racing engine by means of hot-wire and pressure measurements and shows the influence of intake acoustics on the fluctuating intake airflow velocity especially during the period when the intake valves are closed.
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Keller, Kathryn. "Racing immunities : how yellow fever gendered a nation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10318.
Full text
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Peake, Wayne. "Unregistered proprietary horse racing in Sydney 1888-1942." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/30867.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the first substantive analysis of unregistered proprietary horse racing (or pony racing, as it was popularly known) in Sydney, an extremely popular form of the sport conducted weekly or more frequently between 1888 and 1942. However, a number of researchers working on its periphery have contributed commentary and judgements to a discourse on it that has existed since the establishment of the Sydney Turf Club (STC) in 1943. Their writings have created an orthodox view of the sport that suggests inter alia it was a cultural expression of a ‘needy and greedy’ element of the working class and that its constituency was excluded from that of the racing of the Establishment, conducted by the Australian Jockey Club (AJC). This orthodoxy also holds unregistered racing was subject to endemic corruption, haphazardly conducted, inexpensive to attend, provided poor money and was in general a burlesque of AJC racing. The thesis engages this discourse and tests the tenets of the orthodoxy through examination or re-examination of relevant primary sources, including parliamentary papers, contemporary newspapers and journals, race books and other documents, administrative records, photographs, and the memoirs and transcripts of oral history provided by human participants.
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Peake, Wayne. "Unregistered proprietary horse racing in Sydney 1888-1942." View thesis View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050601.164433/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliography.
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Ellery, M. K. "An investigation of the aerodynamics of racing motorcycles." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42970/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to present a study on motorcycle aerodynamics with particular regard to the performance characteristics of faired and unfaired types in use today for road racing and speed record attempts. To achieve this, a wind tunnel procedure for the testing of scale models was developed with emphasis on the problems involved in obtaining valid data from large model-to-tunnel area blockage ratios, (approximately 15'%). Following a review of the results, which included six aerodynamic force and moment coefficients and their variation with Reynolds number and yaw angle, a programme of drag reduction was pursued which approached the problem from two directions: firstly, by using simple bolt-on devices for conventional fairings, designed so as to obviate the need for major machine modifications and secondly, by a complete redesign of the motorcycle.� The latter involved the use of more efficient aerodynamic shapes and also achieved a reduction in frontal area without compromising rider comfort. The final result was a machine which would provide greatly enhanced racing performance through a drag reduction of approximately 40% and also lend itself to the incorporation of radical primary and secondary safety features, beneficial both an the track and public roads. Preliminary studies into a computational flow simulation as a first stage to the full prediction of fairing pressure distribution are also included. The techniques explored attempted to retain a reasonable accuracy of result without recourse to excessive computer power or complicated calculations. This was achieved successfully with the simple models considered, despite the highly separated nature of the simulated flow.
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pogni, matteo. "Numerical study of bicycle racing wheels aerodynamic performances." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423273.
Full textAbstract:
Improving the aerodynamic performance in one of the major challenges in the engineering research
applied to racing bicycle. In fact, aerodynamic drag is the main source of losses in cycling and causes
between 70% and 90% of total losses in flat road pace (i.e., when not climbing).
Moreover, also lateral forces imposed by crosswinds play an important role because they can
destabilize the bike itself.
The body of the cyclist is actually the most important source of drag, because of its relevant frontal
area. However, it is necessary to improve also the bike’s components aerodynamics, which account
for about the 33% of the total drag. This quite relevant percentage is mainly due to the wheels and
the frame design.
According to Greenwell, wheel drag is responsible for 10% to 15% of total aerodynamic drag;
therefore improving the design of this component can reduce the resistance of the bicycle by 2-3%.
These numbers, in view of the high level required by either the today’s competitions or the bicycle
market justify the effort involved in cycling components aerodynamics.
The aim of this work isto assess the capability of CFD RANS simulations to predict the aerodynamic
performance of modern racing bicycle wheels, and therefore build a numerical testing method to
help the comparison between different solution and design.
The Thesis is subdivided in five chapters after an introduction to bicycle aerodynamics and a
literature review of the previous literature regarding the wheel aerodynamics; we give a look at the
theory regarding the computational fluid dynamics and the different model used in this work.
An initial method is build tested validated and refined showing the capabilities of the CFD to resolve
the aerodynamic forces on a rotating wheel using a simpler steady-state analysis, applying the MRF
method imposing a rotating frame to the region containing the wheel.
Different wheels were tested and the results compared with wind tunnel results obtained by
Campagnolo; using this method we compared different design and introduced a performance index
to characterize the wheel performances.
We performed brief analysis using and unsteady state model and a rigid body motion to compare
the method with the steady model.
Good agreement with experimental wind tunnel studies suggests that the approach we outline
holds considerable promise. Owing to the flexibility of this methodology, it is now possible to use
CFD to provide more definitive answers on some of the open questions within the competitive
cycling and triathlon communities.
Additional word regard the testing of an open-source code, because commercial codes are indeed
expensive, we tried a simple three-spoke model with the OpenFOAM code, and highlight the pro
and the cons of an open-source code.
Finally, there is a brief description of different force balance layouts.Migliorare l'aerodinamica delle biciclette da competizione è molto importante, infatti, a seconda delle condizioni, la resistenza aerodinamica è tra il 70% e il 90% della resistenza totale, oltretutto le forze laterali possono influire la stabilità del veicolo. Questo lavoro si occupa principalmente dell'aerodinamica delle ruote per biciclette da competizione nel tentativo di sviluppare un modello matematico CFD per calcolare le prestazioni di diversi profili e configurazioni, le ruote infatti sono responsabili tra il 10% e il 15% del drag di una moderna bici da competizione. Il lavoro è suddiviso in 5 capitoli, nella prima è dedicata alla letteratura scientifica sull'argomento, sull'aerodinamica della bici e delle ruote in specifico, la seconda è dedicata alla teoria delle simulazioni fluidodinamiche, poi si passa alla costruzione del metodo di lavoro, al primo modello sviluppato, i primi risultati e le conseguenti modifiche al modello e alla validazione con dati della galleria del vento, ottenendo un buon livello di validazione del metodo, in seguito ho sviluppato un modello su software opensource OpenFoam. In conclusione una breve descrizione di possibili pedane di forza utilizzabili per i test in galleria del vento.
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Li, Nan. "Real-time and efficient control for autonomous racing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT008.
Full textAbstract:
Récemment, le domaine du véhicule autonome a connu d'énormes progrès. En étudiant le défi de la course autonome, une forme spéciale de conduite autonome, nous cherchons à mieux comprendre comment les véhicules peuvent être contrôlés efficacement en temps réel pour gérer des situations dynamiques et complexes. Nous développons une approche basée sur le contrôle prédictif de modèle non linéaire (NMPC), une technique de contrôle avancée, qui permet d'obtenir un temps de progrès optimal du véhicule tout en tenant compte de la dynamique non linéaire du système et des contraintes temporelles liées aux obstacles. Pour faire face à la présence d'un véhicule adverse, nous combinons le contrôle prédictif NMPC avec la programmation mixte en nombres entiers (MIP) afin d'effectuer des manœuvres de dépassement sûres et efficaces. Cependant, il est difficile de mettre en œuvre le contrôle prédictif NMPC sur des dispositifs embarqués en raison de sa complexité de calcul élevée. Une des difficultés consiste à assurer l'exécution en temps réel du contrôleur, ce qui nécessite un respect strict des budgets d'exécution et des échéances de temps. Une autre difficulté consiste à rendre le contrôle efficace, et donc à préserver les performances quasi-optimales du système. Pour le mode de course à véhicule unique, nous proposons une approche de recalcul sur un horizon de plusieurs pas, calcul qui est déclenché en fonction d'événements spécifiques. Une des conditions de déclenchement vise à s'assurer que les contraintes temps réel de budget temps seront respectées. L'autre condition de déclenchement sert à réduire le temps de calcul tout en maintenant des performances quasi-optimales en termes de temps de tour de circuit. Pour le mode de course à un-contre-un, nous proposons un algorithme compatible avec une exécution en ligne comme alternative à l'encodage MIP. Il regroupe efficacement des décisions de dépassement et les exécute à une fréquence de contrôle déterministe pour répondre aux exigences de temps réel. Au travers d'une architecture générique, nous prenons également en compte d'autres composants logiciels que le contrôleur, tels que les algorithmes de détection des adversaires et de localisation, qui constituent collectivement un graphique acyclique dirigé (DAG). Un modèle d'exécution des tâches est proposé pour affecter les composants du DAG aux processeurs disponibles avec différents degrés de parallélisme. Il réduit la latence, augmente le taux d'actualisation de la commande et, finalement, améliore la performance du système. En résumé, cette thèse fournit un ensemble de mécanismes visant à une mise en œuvre efficace d'un contrôle en temps réel dans des systèmes autonomesRecently, the autonomous driving domain has made tremendous advancements. By investigating the challenge of autonomous racing, a special form of autonomous driving, we seek to better understand how vehicles could be efficiently controlled in real-time settings for handling intricate dynamic situations. We develop an approach based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), a cutting-edge control technique, that can attain the optimal progress time of the vehicle while accounting for nonlinear system dynamics and obstacle-related time-varying constraints. To deal with the presence of an opponent vehicle, we combine NMPC with Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) for encoding safe and efficient overtaking maneuvers. However, it is challenging to implement NMPC on embedded devices due to its high calculation complexity. One concern is ensuring real-time execution of the controller, which necessitates strict adherence to the time budget restriction and rigorous compliance with deadlines. Another problem is managing to make the control efficient, which calls for the maintenance of an adequate level of system performance. We propose a multi-step recomputation approach for the single-vehicle race mode, which is triggered based on specific events. One of the triggering conditions aims at ensuring that the real-time budget constraints are respected. The other triggering condition serves for reducing computational time while retaining quasi-optimal lap time performance. For head-to-head racing mode, we propose an algorithm as an online feasible alternative to MIP encoding. It efficiently aggregates overtaking decisions and schedules them at a deterministic control frequency to meet real-time requirements. In a generic system architecture, we also take into account other software components besides the controller, such as opponent detection and self-localization algorithms, which collectively constitute a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). To assign DAG components to available processors with varying degrees of parallelism, we propose a task execution model which decreases the latency, increases the control update rate, and eventually enhances the system performance. In summary, this thesis provides a set of mechanisms aimed at an efficient implementation of real-time control in autonomous systems
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Shepherd, Megan. "Personality and psychological characteristics of successful motor racing drivers /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17671.pdf.
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Clancy, Devin. "Static Tire Characterization for Race Vehicle Setup." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76891.
Full textAbstract:
In order to provide data for non-rolling tire models that are used in computer simulations of vehicle dynamics, a tire test rig is designed and manufactured which attaches to an MTS kinematics and compliance machine. This test rig is developed for the purpose of characterizing the loaded radius, overturning moment, and displacement of multiple tires in the vertical, lateral, and longitudinal test axes. Equations are developed and used to fit these parameters for the purpose of representing them in non-rolling vehicle simulation models.Master of Science
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Perkiss, Abigail Lynn. "Racing the City: Intentional Integration and the Pursuit of Racial Justice in Post-World War II America." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/89429.
Full textAbstract:
HistoryPh.D.
My dissertation, Racing the City: Intentional Integration and the Pursuit of Racial Justice in Post-WWII America, examines the creation, experience, and meaning of intentionally integrated residential space in the latter half of the twentieth century. Entering into the growing historiographical conversations on post-war American cities and the northern civil rights movement, I argue that with a strong commitment to maintaining residential cohesion and a heightened sense of racial justice in the wake of the Second World War, liberal integrationists around the country embarked on grassroots campaigns seeking to translate the ideals of racial equality into a blueprint for genuine interracial living. Through innovative real estate efforts, creative marketing techniques, and religious activism, pioneering community groups worked to intentionally integrate their neighborhoods, to serve as a model for sustainable urbanity and racial justice in the United States. My research, centered on the northwest Philadelphia neighborhood of West Mount Airy, chronicles a liberal community effort that confronted formal legal and governmental policies and deeply entrenched cultural understandings; through this integration project, activists sought to redefine post-war urban space in terms of racial inclusion. In crafting such a narrative, I challenge much of the scholarship on the northern struggle for racial justice, which paints a uniform picture of a divisive and violent racial urban environment. At the same time, my dissertation explores how hard it was for urban integrationists to build interracial communities. I portray a neighborhood struggling with the deeper meanings of integrated space, with identity politics and larger institutional, structural, and cultural forces, and with internal resistance to change. In that sense, I speak to the larger debates over post-WWII urban space; my research, here, implies a cultural explanation complementing the political and economic narratives of white flight and urban crisis that scholars have crafted over the last two decades. This is at once the story of a group of people seeking to challenge the seeming inevitability of segregation by creating an economically stable, racially integrated community predicated upon an idealized vision of American democracy, and it is the story of the fraying of that ideal.
Temple University--Theses
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Ersoz, Ethem. "Development Of A Racing Strategy For A Solar Car." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608091/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aerodynamical design of a solar race car is presented together with the racing strategy. Dealing with the design and the racing strategy simultaneously offers the advantage of having improvements on both, using the results of each other. Besides these, as a prerequisite of the design, the decision on number of the wheels is discussed. If the three wheel configuration is selected, the requirements for having the desired performance while eliminating the risk of tipping over are inspected.
In the aerodynamics analyses, the software packages Gambit and Fluent are utilized. Using the results of the CFD simulations, aerodynamical shape of the body is analyzed to determine weak points of the design, causing early boundary layer detachment and higher drag. The drag coefficient of the body is also obtained from CFD runs at various speeds. It was determined that the selected NACA profile performs well, under racing speeds but the canopy design is open to improvement.
The racing strategy is analyzed using the race track information together with the design of the solar car. A program was created to determine the position, velocity, acceleration and power consumption versus time. Also the lap time and total energy consumption can be obtained and these are vital data while determining their sensitivity to mass or to resistances. By the help of this program, the experience gained by completing laps on the circuit can be partially gained without actual laps.
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Karlsen, Olav Andrè. "Racing Towards Sustainability? : Formula 1 and Corporate Social Responsibility." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13032.
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Metcalfe, John. "The physiology and bioenergetics of ultraendurance mountain bike racing." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/2824/.
Full textAbstract:
Ultraendurance mountain bike racing is a relatively new sport and has received scant research attention. The practical difficulty of field-testing during competition has played a role in this dearth of knowledge. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the physiology and bioenergetics of cross-country marathon (XCM) and 24 hour team relay (24XCT) mountain bike racing. Study One analysed the physiological characteristics of XCM competitors and compared them to data from studies in the literature for Olympic-distance cross-country (XCO) mountain bike competitors. The XCM participants had lower mean peak aerobic capacity (58.4 ± 6.3 mL•kg-1•min-1), greater body mass (72.8 ± 6.7 kg) and estimated percentage body fat (10.4 ± 2.4%) compared to values reported for XCO competitors in the literature. Stature (1.77 ± 6.0 m) and normalised peak power output (5.5 ± 0.7 W•kg-1) were comparable. These data suggest that specific physiological characteristics of XCM competitors differ from those of XCO competitors. Study Two quantified and described the exercise intensity during a XCM race by monitoring heart rate responses. The mean heart rate (150 ± 10 beats•min-1) for the duration of the race equated to 82 percent of maximum heart rate and did not differ significantly throughout the race (p = 0.33). The data indicated that the XCM race was of a high aerobic intensity. Prior to the competition the relationship between heart rate and O2peak for each participant was established during an incremental laboratory test. Energy expenditure was estimated by assigning 20.2 kJ to each litre of oxygen consumed. The mean rate of energy expenditure during the race was estimated to be 59.9 kJ•min-1. Furthermore, no anthropometric or physiological measures were correlated to race speed, indicating that other factors contribute to race performance. The third study was a laboratory-based investigation to determine whether physiological factors relevant to 24XCT racing change with time of day. On separate days participants cycled on an ergometer for 20 min at 82 percent of maximum heart rate at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 00:00 h. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for several physiological responses (heart rate, oxygen uptake, salivary cortisol concentrations and intra-aural temperature) but not for performance variables (power output and self-selected cadence). It was concluded that the laboratory protocol lacked ecological validity and that it was necessary to test within a race using authentic 24XCT competitors. In order to measure in-race performance, Study Four examined the agreement between a bottom-bracket ambulatory ergometer (Ergomo®Pro) and the criterion SRM power meter in a field-based setting. Analysis of absolute limits of agreement found that the Ergomo®Pro had a systematic bias (± random error) of 4.9 W (± 6.12). Based on tolerances recommended in the literature the unit was considered fit for purpose for measuring power output during 24XCT racing. Study Five was a multiple case-study design that examined the physiological and performance parameters of a team during a 24XCT race. It was reported that mean work-shift speed (18.3 ± 2.6 km•h-1), power output (219 ± 50.9 W) and cadence (64.1 ± 9.3 rpm) were variable between participants and between work-shifts. A commonality amongst the participants was an increase in speed during the final work-shift compared to the penultimate one. A decline in work-shift heart rate was observed throughout the race. For the majority of participants an increase in gross efficiency (1.7 ± 1.4 %) was reported from the penultimate to the final work-shift. It was concluded that pacing strategies were employed and that the improved efficiency was caused, in part, by an increased familiarity with the course during the race. Study Six examined the nutritional practices and energy expenditure of the same team during the same 24XCT race. Energy expenditure during the work-shifts was estimated in accordance with Study Two. Resting energy expenditure during the recovery periods was estimated using the Harris and Benedict formula (1919). Food and fluid consumption were determined via food diaries and hydration status was assessed by measuring the refractive index of urine. Energy consumption (17.3 ± 2.2 MJ) was considerably less than energy expenditure (30.4 ± 6.1 MJ) with the former accounting for only 57 percent of the latter. The energy cost during the work-shifts was estimated to be 74.5 kJ•min-1. Mean fluid intake (6.3 ± 0.9 L) for the 24 h was sufficient to maintain hydration status. Based on these studies an integrated model of the factors that influence ultraendurance mountain bike performance was developed. The domains that influence race speed are physiological factors, technical and tactical factors, and nutritional strategies. The sub domain that influences these is environmental factors. Collectively this information is of practical importance to sport scientists, coaches and athletes involved with designing nutritional and tactical preparation strategies and training programmes for this sport.