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Journal articles on the topic 'Racial transformation'

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Published: 30 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Morris, Aldon, and Vilna Bashi Treitler. "O ESTADO RACIAL DA UNIÃO: compreendendo raça e desigualdade racial nos Estados Unidos da América." Caderno CRH 32, no. 85 (June 7, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i85.27828.

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<p>Este artigo investiga o papel da raça e do racismo nos Estados Unidos da América. Ele trata de raça como conceito, explorando, primordialmente, o motivo da existência de categorias raciais e da desigualdade racial. Também, nele, examinamos a atual situação da raça nos Estados Unidos ao expor suas manifestações sociais, econômicas e políticas. Após explorar a magnitude da desigualdade racial nos Estados Unidos, trabalhamos para desvendar os mecanismos que perpetuam e sustentam, tanto estrutural quanto culturalmente, as disparidades raciais. Em razão de ações e crenças racistas terem sempre sofrido resistências por parte dos movimentos sociais, atos coletivos, e resistência individual, nós analisamos a natureza e os resultados dos esforços da luta contra o racismo norte-americano. Concluímos com uma análise das perspectivas atuais relativas à transformação racial e das possibilidades para a emergência da igualdade racial. Assim, neste artigo, trazemos uma análise abrangente da situação atual das dinâmicas raciais nos Estados Unidos e das forças determinadas a combater o racismo. </p><p><strong>THE RACIAL STATE OF THE UNION: understanding race andr acial inequality in the United States of America </strong></p><p>This paper interrogates the role of race and racism in the United States of America. The paper grapples with race conceptually as it explores why racial categories and racial inequality exist in the first place. We also examine the current state of race in North America by laying bare it social, economic and political manifestations. After exploring the magnitude of racial inequality in the United States, we labor to unravel the mechanisms both structurally and culturally that perpetuates and sustains racial disparities. Because racist actions and beliefs have always been resisted by social movements, collection action, and resistance at the personal level, we assess the nature and outcomes of struggles to overthrow North American racism. We conclude by assessing the current prospects for racial transformation and the possibilities for the emergence of racial equality. Thus, in this paper, we provide an overarching analysis of the current state of racial dynamics in the United States and the forces determined to dismantle racism.</p><p>Key words: Race. Racism. Racial regimes. Black movements. Inequality.</p><p><strong>ÉTAT RACIAL DE L’UNION: comprendre la race et les inégalités raciales aux États-Unis d’Amérique </strong></p><p>Notre article évaluera le rôle de la race et du racisme en Amérique. Le document aborde conceptuellement la race en explorant pourquoi les catégories raciales et l’inégalité raciale existent en premier lieu. Le document passe à l’examen de l’état actuel de la race en Amérique en mettant à nu les manifestations sociales, économiques et politiques. Étant donné l’ampleur de l’inégalité raciale aux États-Unis, le document cherche à démêler les mécanismes à la fois structurels et culturels qui perpétuent et maintiennent les disparités raciales. Parce que le mouvement raciste a toujours été combattu en Amérique par des mouvements sociaux, des actions de collecte et de résistance au niveau personnel, le journal évaluera la nature et les résultats des luttes pour renverser le racisme américain. Ainsi, l’article fournira une analyse de l’état actuel de la dynamique raciale aux États-Unis ainsi que des forces déterminées à démanteler le racisme.</p><p>Mots-clés: Race. Racisme. Régimen racial. Movement nègre. Inegalité.</p><p> </p>
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2

Haynes, Chayla, and Lori D. Patton. "From Racial Resistance to Racial Consciousness: Engaging White STEM Faculty in Pedagogical Transformation." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 22, no. 2 (February 13, 2019): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458919829845.

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Professor Arnie Copper is among the many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty who view the learning of STEM curriculum as an intellectual exercise that is race-neutral. In this case, the authors use the White Racial Consciousness and Faculty Behavior model to illustrate how racially minoritized students can experience the classrooms of White STEM faculty who fail to see connections between their teaching, course content, and racial justice. Institutional leaders and faculty developers can use this case to generate a timely critique of the enduring racism shaping higher education and fostering hostile learning conditions on college campuses.
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3

Cha-Jua, Sundiata Keita. "Racial Formation and Transformation: Toward a Theory of Black Racial Oppression." Souls 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 25–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2001.12098156.

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4

Lee, James Kyung-Jin. "The Transitivity of Race and the Challenge of the Imagination." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1550.

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While sociologists generally do not deign to assume such a rhetorical mantle, Michael Omi and Howard Winant Suffuse the first edition of Racial Formation with the language of prophecy that they at once fear to articulate and hope to imagine otherwise. “What does the immediate future hold?” they anxiously wonder.It is unlikely that we shall experience a period of racially based mobilization such as “the great transformation.” The conjuncture in which the 1960s racial upsurge occurred was almost certainly unique. The sophistication of the contemporary racial state and the transformed political landscape as a whole seem to thwart any short-term radical political initiative based in opposition to the racial order. (143)
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5

Williams, Kirsten. "The Racial Transformation of the University of Virginia." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 7 (1995): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2963444.

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6

Durrheim, Kevin. "White Opposition to Racial Transformation. Is it Racism?" South African Journal of Psychology 33, no. 4 (November 2003): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630303300407.

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7

Hasler, Béatrice S., Bernhard Spanlang, and Mel Slater. "Virtual race transformation reverses racial in-group bias." PLOS ONE 12, no. 4 (April 24, 2017): e0174965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174965.

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8

Christopher, Gail C. "Truth, Racial Healing, and Transformation: Creating Public Sentiment." National Civic Review 106, no. 3 (September 2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.21326.

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9

Christopher, Gail C. "Truth, Racial Healing, and Transformation: Creating Public Sentiment." Health Equity 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.29008.ncl.

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10

Lee, Raymond L. M. "The Transformation of Race Relations in Malaysia: From Ethnic Discourse to National Imagery, 1993-2003." African and Asian Studies 3, no. 2 (2004): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569209041641804.

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Abstract Malaysians are under no illusion that they have shed their racial identities to embrace a single national identity. Yet the multiculturalism practiced in contemporary Malaysia seems to be compatible with a patriotic nationalism espoused by the government. This compatibility has the appearance of multiculturalism surviving the ordeal of postcolonial racial politics. The turbulence of racial politics seems to have been surpassed by a revitalized nationalism that does not blatantly erase racial heritage. The question of race relations in Malaysia is therefore a question of how multiculturalism and nationalism are successfully presented as icons of integration, overshadowing the more gritty issues of racial politics. These issues are not denied, but have become less transparent as national identity is developed in an arena of new images.
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11

Wilson, G., V. J. Roscigno, and M. L. Huffman. "Public Sector Transformation, Racial Inequality and Downward Occupational Mobility." Social Forces 91, no. 3 (December 9, 2012): 975–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos178.

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12

Brusma, David L. "American Routes: Racial Palimpsests and the Transformation of Race." Social Forces 98, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz107.

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13

DuCros, Faustina M. "American Routes: Racial Palimpsests and the Transformation of Race." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 48, no. 2 (March 2019): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306119828696dd.

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14

Rogers-Ard, Rachelle, Christopher B. Knaus, Kitty Kelly Epstein, and Kimberly Mayfield. "Racial Diversity Sounds Nice; Systems Transformation? Not So Much." Urban Education 48, no. 3 (August 17, 2012): 451–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085912454441.

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15

KUBISHIRO, Keigo, Yasuhiro YUMINO, and Yoshiyuki YAMANA. "URBAN FORMATION OF SHIMLA BY TRANSFORMATION OF RACIAL SEGREGATION." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 85, no. 769 (2020): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.85.547.

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16

Delton, Jennifer. "Racial Realignment: The Transformation of American Liberalism, 1932–1965." Journal of American History 104, no. 2 (September 2017): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax268.

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17

Nguyen, Viet Thanh. "At Home with Race." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1557.

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The line between a contact zone and a comfort zone is a thin one. I can imagine that line drawn in many ways, but the color line of which W. E. B. DuBois spoke is the one that concerns Michael Omi and Howard Winant. In Racial Formation in the United States, when they declare that “race has no fixed meaning” (71), they mean that this color line is always being redrawn, by different hands and differing hearts. It is this possibility of racial transformation, not just racial formation, that makes Omi and Winant's theory powerful and compelling. With transformation in mind, we can conceive of racial formation as another version of Mary Louise Pratt's contact zone, where friction sparks unpredictable futures and where, by implication, our racial present may not look like our racial past. At the same time, racial formation is also reformation, affirming identities with which we feel at ease. In these comfort zones of inherited identities, we encourage others and are encouraged ourselves to toe the (color) line. These racial tendencies, toward change and constancy, innovation and cliché, are evident in both politics and culture. Although Omi and Winant's sociology of race is not concerned with literature, their insightful model of racial formation is manifest in literary culture, in aesthetic form and in literary institutions: the publishing industry, the literary marketplace, and the department of literature, where racial politics are always present.
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18

Lichter, Daniel T., Domenico Parisi, and Michael C. Taquino. "White Integration or Segregation? The Racial and Ethnic Transformation of Rural and Small Town America." City & Community 17, no. 3 (September 2018): 702–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12314.

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Rural America has seemingly been “left behind” in an era of massive immigration and growing diversity. The arrival of new immigrants has exposed many rural whites, perhaps for the first time, to racial and ethnic minority populations. Do rural whites increasingly live in racially diverse nonmetropolitan places? Or is white exposure to racially diverse populations expressed in uneven patterns of residential integration from place to place? We link microdata from the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics (1989–to–2009 waves) to place data identified in the 1990–2010 decennial censuses. We estimate multilevel, fixed–effects models of rural white exposure to minority populations that involve linking individual predictors to changing demographic and economic local environments. Using entropy scores, our analyses highlight the extraordinary rise since 1990 in exposure of all rural populations, including whites, to racially diverse communities. Variation in white exposure to rural minorities is driven primarily by changing local demographic and economic conditions. Net of individual background characteristics, whites are significantly less likely to live in racially diverse places than other ethnoracial groups. White population growth is occurring disproportionately in the least racially diverse rural communities. For blacks and other minorities, growth is taking place disproportionately in the most racially diverse places.
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19

Bohrt, Marcelo A. "Racial ideologies, State bureaucracy, and decolonization in Bolivia." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 25 (May 11, 2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2019.200.

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Race has shaped the development of the Bolivian state and its institutions albeit with important transformations in the social and political meaning of race. This paper discusses the racialization of the central state bureaucracy in Bolivia along these two dimensions: the distribution of bureaucratic resources and the assumptions and meanings that underpin bureaucratic hierarchy and spaces. It first discusses the relationship between the modern state and the concept of race, and conceptualizes the ethnoracial bureaucracy as a material and symbolic structure. Next, it examines the composition of the public administration sector overall and across the bureaucratic hierarchy in 2001, before the MAS-IPSP’s rise to power. Last, it surveys the narratives of race and nation that Creole and white-mestizo state elites historically mobilized in demarcating the boundaries of state power around whiteness. In contemporary Bolivia, the production of alternative official narratives of race and nation seeks to blur the boundary between indigeneity and statecraft (re)produced since the early republican period, and to legitimize the changing ethnoracial composition of the bureaucracy. The durability of the project is not guaranteed as the sediment of history and competing political projects weighs heavy on this process of transformation and negotiation.
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20

Stanley, Sharon. "THE ENDURING CHALLENGE OF RACIAL INTEGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 12, no. 1 (2015): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x14000320.

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AbstractThis paper formulates a new model of racial integration for African Americans in the United States, based upon a careful consideration of the weaknesses in previous models. Instead of spatial mixing, this model of integration calls for transformed habits of interaction between citizens in public spaces, as well as a redistribution of power, understood as access to resources and opportunities. Integration along these lines would produce mutual transformation rather than compulsory assimilation. However, this model does not necessarily answer the concerns of integration critics who question the capacity of the United States to achieve true racial equality. Hence, the conclusion considers three significant obstacles to the achievement of integration, and acknowledges that unprecedented, radical transformations would be necessary to lay the groundwork for integration. In the end, both integration pessimism and a renewed commitment to integration are reasonable and defensible responses to our still-segregated present.
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21

Dymski, Gary. "Racial Exclusion and the Political Economy of the Subprime Crisis." Historical Materialism 17, no. 2 (2009): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920609x436162.

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AbstractThis paper develops a political economic explanation of the 2007–9 US subprime crisis which focuses on one of its central causes: the transformation of racial exclusion in US mortgage-markets. Until the early 1990s, racial minorities were systematically excluded from mortgage-finance due to bank-redlining and discrimination. But, then, racial exclusion in credit-markets was transformed: racial minorities were increasingly given access to housing-credit under terms far more adverse than were offered to non-minority borrowers. This paper shows that the emergence of the subprime loan is linked, in turn, to the strategic transformation of banking in the 1980s, and to the unique global circumstances of the US macro-economy. Thus, subprime lending emerged from a combination of the long US history of racial exclusion in credit-markets, the crisis of US banking, and the position of the US within the global economy. From the viewpoint of the capitalist accumulation-process, these loans increased the depth of the financial expropriation of the working class by financial capital. The crisis in subprime lending then emerged when subprime loans with exploitative terms became more widespread and were made increasingly on an under-collateralised basis – that is, when housing-loans became not just extortionary but speculative.
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22

Durrheim, Kevin, John Dixon, Colin Tredoux, Liberty Eaton, Michael Quayle, and Beverley Clack. "Predicting support for racial transformation policies: Intergroup threat, racial prejudice, sense of group entitlement and strength of identification." European Journal of Social Psychology 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.723.

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23

Williams, Dana A., and Kendra R. Parker. "For Us, To Us, About Us: Racial Unrest and Cultural Transformation." CLA Journal 63, no. 2 (2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/caj.2020.0005.

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24

Shockley, Kmt G., and Joy Banks. "Perceptions of Teacher Transformation on Issues of Racial and Cultural Bias." Journal of Transformative Education 9, no. 4 (October 2011): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541344612441681.

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Filatova, Irina. "What colour is the South African rainbow?: The ANC’s racial transformation." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 75, no. 1 (2011): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0003.

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26

Harper, Shaun R., and Sylvia Hurtado. "Nine themes in campus racial climates and implications for institutional transformation." New Directions for Student Services 2007, no. 120 (2007): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.254.

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27

Elfman, Lois. "AAC&U Joins Coalition on Truth, Racial Healing and Transformation." Women in Higher Education 25, no. 9 (September 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20353.

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28

Canon, David T. "Schickler, Eric. Racial Realignment: The Transformation of American Liberalism, 1932–1965." Congress & the Presidency 44, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07343469.2016.1270130.

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29

McMahon, Kevin J. "Eric Schickler. Racial Realignment: The Transformation of American Liberalism, 1932–1965." American Historical Review 122, no. 3 (June 2017): 865–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/122.3.865.

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30

Howard, Tyrone C. "Culturally Relevant Teaching: A Pivot for Pedagogical Transformation and Racial Reckoning." Educational Forum 85, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2021.1957637.

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31

Johnson, Kimberley S. "Racial Orders, Congress, and the Agricultural Welfare State, 1865–1940." Studies in American Political Development 25, no. 2 (September 21, 2011): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x11000095.

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One of the key questions posed by analysts of modern, twentieth-century agricultural politics is, “How and when did agrarian democracy end and the dominance of agribusiness interests begin?” In this article I argue that the roots of this transformation lie in the origins of the agricultural welfare state and the overlapping of its birth with distinct eras in America's racial orders—those moments in time when political players mobilized coalitions and institutions around racial issues such as slavery, Reconstruction, or the segregated state of the Jim Crow order. As a result of these historical overlaps, the agricultural welfare state was shaped in surprising and not-well-understood ways by America's racial orders. In order to trace these two intertwining aspects of racial governance and agricultural welfare state development, I provide a reinterpretation of the development of the agricultural welfare state from its Civil War origins to its New Deal transformation. I show that, from 1865 to 1964, the confluence of racial orders, partisan alignments, and congressional orders created an agricultural welfare state in which African Americans were variously included and excluded in a pattern of “two-tier” citizenship. The broader racial governance aims of the Jim Crow order also had a significant role in shaping the development of the organizational ethos and administrative structures and practices within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The practice of “two-tier” agricultural citizenship, which initially affected only African American and other minority farmers, was gradually extended to reflect the divide between large commercial farmers and the rural poor (including small farmers). The results from this analysis strengthen our understanding of how the American welfare state has been shaped—in particular, the ways in which racial governance and racial orders are deeply embedded in the American state building process.
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Campbell, Erica L. "Exploring sense of ethnic identity among a small Midwest sample of social work and counseling practitioners." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 12 (December 31, 2014): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss12.284.

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The U.S. is transforming into a multi-racial and multi-ethnic society in which factors such as ethnicity and race are important variables to consider in social work practice and service provision to racial and ethnic minority populations. This multi-ethnic and multi-racial transformation presents many challenges for professional social work and counseling practitioners. It is important for practitioners to have a clear and concise definition of key concepts such as ethnicity and race in order to develop a sense of self-ethnic identity. This research study examines self-ethnic identity among a small sample of Midwest social work and counseling practitioners.
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Garces, Liliana M., Ann M. Ishimaru, and Sola Takahashi. "Introduction to Beyond Interest Convergence: Envisioning Transformation for Racial Equity in Education." Peabody Journal of Education 92, no. 3 (May 27, 2017): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2017.1324654.

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34

Christopher, Gail C., La Quen Náay Liz Medicine Crow, Melanie Greenberg, La June Montgomery Tabron, Paul Zeitz, Antti Pentikainen, José A. Rico, et al. "U.S. Truth, Racial Healing, and Transformation Funders' Briefing Program, January 19, 2021." Health Equity 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/heq.2021.29006.trht.

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KOWNER, ROTEM. "‘LIGHTER THAN YELLOW, BUT NOT ENOUGH’: WESTERN DISCOURSE ON THE JAPANESE ‘RACE’, 1854–1904." Historical Journal 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9900895x.

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During the half century (1854–1904) which followed the opening of Japan's ports, Westerners scrutinized the rediscovered archipelago and attempted to classify its inhabitants within their racial system. Despite the claim for ‘scientific’ objectivism, Western racial views of the Japanese were largely dictated by contemporary political and moral attitudes toward Japan. Hence, writings on the Japanese ‘race’ reflected not only the racial knowledge of the period but also the asymmetry between the West and Japan. These writings embodied a genuine discourse: they were propounded in texts, historically located, and displayed a coherent system of meaning. Critically, the Western discourse regarding the identity of the Japanese people aimed to maintain, and even produce, power relations between the colonial powers and the local population, and as such it exerted ideological influence on both Western readers and the Japanese. The present article traces this racial discourse, and attempts to explain the rapid transformation of the image of the Japanese people from an almost unknown racial entity to a national group Westerners perceived as a major racial threat.
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Bal, Aydin, Kemal Afacan, and Halil Ibrahim Cakir. "Culturally Responsive School Discipline: Implementing Learning Lab at a High School for Systemic Transformation." American Educational Research Journal 55, no. 5 (May 8, 2018): 1007–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831218768796.

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Youth from racially minoritized communities disproportionately receive exclusionary school discipline more severely and frequently. The racialization of school discipline has been linked to long-term deleterious impacts on students’ academic and life outcomes. In this article, we present a formative intervention, Learning Lab that addressed racial disparities in school discipline at a public high school. Learning Lab successfully united local stakeholders, specifically those who had been historically excluded from the school’s decision-making activities. Learning Lab members engaged in historical and empirical root cause analyses, mapped out their existing discipline system, and designed a culturally responsive schoolwide behavioral support model in response to diverse experiences, resources, practices, needs, and goals of local stakeholders. Analysis drew on the theory of expansive learning to examine how the Learning Lab process worked through expansive learning actions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Reis, Elisa P., and Graziella Moraes Silva. "Processes and national dilemmas: The Interplay of Old and New Repertoires of Social Identity and Inclusion." Revista Colombiana de Sociología 38, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v38n2.54908.

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<p>In this article, we explore the impact of the global cultural transformation that reconciles the values of equality and difference as parameters of the good life. We argue that the idea that social justice incorporates both the value of equality and the value of difference expresses a broad cultural transformation, one that poses new challenges society has to confront to deal with the social distribution issue. Moreover, we sustain that while this challenge is present everywhere, responses to it vary not only as a matter of policy choice, but also as consequences of the fact that possibilities are circumscribed by the particular trajectories of nation and state building. While there are forces at play today that make us aware of fallacious conflations between nation and state, it remains relevant to look at national contexts as meaningful frameworks in order to understand what is going on and to explore possible alternatives to deal with emerging issues. Moreover, looking at ways people in different historical settings experience global transformations is relevant, not only to illuminate policy choices to deal with them, but also to enrich our theoretical understanding of the changes at play. The adoption of a historical sociological approach contributes to illuminate particular national trajectories without loosing sight of possible commonalities that make it possible to contribute to the effort to reach general explanations. Taking into account the above, we focus on the way Brazilians perceive both equality and difference and comment on the uncertain consequences of the interplay of old and new repertoires of social identity and inclusion. In particular, we look at the ethno-racial aspect, the most salient issue in the current debate about difference. Empirically, we analyze perceptions of inequality and difference among different segments of the Brazilian population. We confer special attention to two issues: the relationship between race and national identification and support to affirmative action, the most traditional policy to take into account particular identities while distributing social resources. First, we find that in Brazil racial and national identification do not seem to be in conflict. Second, we find that most Brazilians approve racially-targeted affirmative action with no significant different according to racial identification but with significant differences according to socio-economic differentiations.</p>
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Hyra, Derek S. "Racial Uplift? Intra‐Racial Class Conflict and the Economic Revitalization of Harlem and Bronzeville." City & Community 5, no. 1 (March 2006): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2006.00156.x.

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The study of revitalizing African American urban neighborhoods is needed to understand how race, class, and politics influence community development. While numerous investigations of urban neighborhoods stress inter‐racial conflict, few explore intra‐racial class discord. Class antagonism within black America is a controversial and debated topic. Several scholars claim that the common experience of racism has led to social and political unity among African Americans. However, others predict that with greater economic differentiation, shared feelings of social and political commonality will decrease. The economic transformation of Harlem in New York City and Bronzeville in Chicago, two historic African American communities, provides valuable insight into the importance of class conflict to community change. After decades of economic abandonment, these areas are experiencing a resurgence of residential and commercial investments, triggered, in part, by the return of the black middle class. Based on a 4‐year, comparative ethnographic investigation, using extensive participant observation, interviews, and archival data, this study reveals the conflict between lower‐ and upper‐income residents. I highlight the process by which members of the black middle class translate their preferences for community improvement, through local organizations, by advocating for the removal of the poor from these once low‐income neighborhoods. I argue that intra‐racial class antagonism plays a critical role in the economic development of these communities, and assess whether the redevelopment of Harlem and Bronzeville can be considered “racial uplift.” This study supports the notion that class conflict is essential for understanding community change and the black experience in urban America.
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Mohd Nor, Mohd Roslan, Nurhanisah Senin, Khadijah Mohd Khambali Hambali, and Asyiqin Ab Halim. "Survival of Islamic education in a secular state: the madrasah in Singapore." Journal for Multicultural Education 11, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-06-2016-0043.

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Purpose This paper attempts to explore the transformations taken by madrasah, especially in preparing students both in religious and academic field. Besides, this paper aims to demonstrate measures taken by madrasah in instilling the religious and racial cohesion far from conservatism and extremism that has always been labeled to their students. Design/methodology/approach This paper is qualitative in nature. It is a library research and uses historical method in collecting the data. Some relevant literatures and data have been analyzed and presented in this paper. Findings Madrasah in Singapore has always been perceived in a negative nuance because of its ineffectiveness and irrelevant roles in economic building. The conservative and traditional madrasah education system is also seen to impede Singapore’s religious and racial cohesion. The struggle increases prior to the implementation of compulsory education (CE) policy in 2001, where madrasah was almost forced to closure. Originality/value Islamic education in Singapore can be observed evolving through three phases: colonial period where it adopted the secular system, post-colonial with the traditional system and, currently, the transformation period with its integrated syllabus.
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Ravuri, Evelyn. "Gentrification and Racial Transformation in One Neighborhood in the City of Cincinnati during the Great Recession." Midwest Social Sciences Journal 23 (November 1, 2020): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0796.231.1031.

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This article examines the process of gentrification and racial transition in one neighborhood in Cincinnati between 2000 and 2016. Madisonville (Tract 55) was defined as a racially integrated middle-class neighborhood in the 1970s. In the early 2000s, substantial private and public investments in the neighborhood initiated the process of gentrification and an in-migration of wealthier (mostly white) residents. This revitalization of Madisonville coincided with the Great Recession of 2008 and with a massive exodus of the middle-class African American population. Median housing values and median rent in Madisonville increased significantly between 2010 and 2016, indicating that cost of living had become too expensive for a percentage of the population. In 2000, the white and African American population in Tract 55 had comparable median household incomes, but by 2016, white median household income was 3.5 times that of African Americans, suggesting that two separate and unequal housing markets had emerged. Using Google Street View and a gentrification index designed by Hwang (2015), this article undertakes documentation of the process of gentrification between 2009 and 2016 to visually support that gentrification occurred in the built environment after the Great Recession.
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Zvonareva, Marina. "Transformation of Racial Prejudice of British based on Documentary “World is Turning” (1948)." ISTORIYA 11, no. 8 (94) (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840011042-5.

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D'Angelo, Sonia. "American Routes: Racial Palimpsests and the Transformation of Race by Angel Adams Parham." Refuge 35, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060680ar.

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Sibongiseni Ngcamu, Bethuel. "Transformation through the lens of leadership capabilities in South African universities." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.06.

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The university leaders of the 21st century have failed to expose the transformation needs and demands of their institutions and have only implemented transformational strategies and measures that suit their career endeavors. This has been compounded by their lack of personal, interpersonal, and cognitive capabilities, which are essential in driving, shaping, and achieving the transformation agenda of their respective institutions. Against this backdrop, this article ascertains university leaders’ knowledgeability of factors and their understanding of change initiatives that could drive and achieve universities’ transformation agenda. The leadership traits, cognitive abilities, and qualities that can also influence transforming universities are assessed in this empirical study. A quantitative research approach was adopted in this comparative study, where a structured questionnaire was distributed to 191 respondents. A 70% response rate was obtained at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), while 59% was achieved at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12 was used to capture and analyze the data. This study has the potential to influence university leaders in totality in their nomenclature on transformation and the traits needed for effective transformation. The current research study revealed fascinating results that leaders from both the universities believed that transformation refers to restructuring rather than the widely shared narrative of addressing the racial imbalances of the apartheid era. Furthermore, the results suggest that the university leaders understand their institutional transformation agendas although the freedom of speech and open debates are not promoted and that leaders are not good listeners.
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Robertson, Mary. "The constraints of colour: popular music listening and the interrogation of ‘race’ in post-apartheid South Africa." Popular Music 30, no. 3 (September 21, 2011): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143011000262.

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AbstractIn post-apartheid popular culture, there is a tension between the persistence of ‘race’ as a structural category of difference, and its transformation in the lives of young South Africans. In this paper, through the examination of case-studies, I explore how popular music may allow for the mediation of this tension. Drawing on Heidegger's notion of an ‘equipmental whole’ to conceptualise ‘race’, I discuss the specific ways in which individuals may come to an awareness of the potential fluidity of racial identities, and the role of music-listening practices in this process. I argue that reflecting on articulations between music and racial categories allowed listeners to critique understandings of ‘race’ underpinning post-apartheid political discourse. Such a critique enabled listeners either instrumentally to affirm a reconfigured understanding of a racial identity, or to reject ‘race’ as a meaningful category of difference altogether.
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Bailey, Benjamin. "Language and negotiation of ethnic/racial identity among Dominican Americans." Language in Society 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 555–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500004036.

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The ethnolinguistic terms in which the children of Dominican immigrants in Rhode Island think of themselves, i.e. as “Spanish” or “Hispanic,” are frequently at odds with the phenotype-based racial terms “Black” or “African American,” applied to them by others in the United States. Spanish language is central to resisting such phenotype-racial categorization, which denies Dominican Americans their Hispanic ethnicity. Through discourse analysis of naturally occurring peer interaction at a high school, this article shows how a Dominican American who is phenotypically indistinguishable from African Americans uses language, in both intra- and inter-ethnic contexts, to negotiate identity and resist ascription to totalizing phenotype-racial categories. In using language to resist such hegemonic social categorization, the Dominican second generation is contributing to the transformation of existing social categories and the constitution of new ones in the US.
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Sampson, Robert J. "Neighbourhood effects and beyond: Explaining the paradoxes of inequality in the changing American metropolis." Urban Studies 56, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018795363.

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American cities today are simultaneously the same and different from Wilson’s classic portrayal in The Truly Disadvantaged ([1987] 2012), first published over 30 years ago. Concentrated poverty and racial segregation endure, as do racial gaps in multiple aspects of wellbeing. But mass incarceration, the dramatic drop in violent crime, immigration, rising income segregation, the suburbanisation of poverty, and other macrosocial trends have transformed the urban scene. The paradoxical result is that cities today are both better and worse off. In this paper, I put forth a unifying framework on persistence and change in urban inequality, highlighting a theory of neighbourhood effects and the higher-order structure of the contemporary metropolis. I apply this analytic framework to examine: (1) neighbourhood inequality as an important driver and mediator of urban transformation; (2) racial disparities across the life course in compounded deprivation, poisoned development, and intergenerational mobility; and (3) how everyday spatial mobility beyond the local neighbourhood is producing new forms of social isolation and higher-order segregation. I conclude with a challenge to dominant policy perspectives on urban racial inequality.
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Koshy, Susan. "Why the Humanities Matter for Race Studies Today." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1542.

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We have no Adequate Lexicon for dealing with the transformation of racial orders. Recently, commentators have sought to pinpoint a shift in racial meanings by announcing the advent of a “postidentity,” “postracial,” or “cosmopolitan” social order. These appellations suggest that we are now past racial or identity politics in some crucial way. But it is not so much that we have gone beyond race as that race has gone beyond us, morphing at a speed with which academic expertise has not kept pace. The content of racial, gender, and sexual identities has been significantly transformed, and this change has, in turn, fostered the illusion that we no longer inhabit racialized realities—hence the proliferation of posts to tell us that temporally and politically we are no longer where we were. The representational strain of dealing with the elusive and dynamic qualities of racial and sexual identities makes us too eager to declare that we are over difference. The recourse to posts seems, however, more an admission of helplessness at identifying the nature of the shift than a sign of transcendence. It stems from our dependence on social schemas that offer us only two options: we are in the racial order or we are out of it. But we are not out of it, not yet. And herein lies a rare opening for the humanistic study of race.
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Yazdiha, Hajar. "All the Muslims Fit to Print: Racial Frames as Mechanisms of Muslim Ethnoracial Formation in the New York Times from 1992 to 2010." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 6, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649220903747.

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A generative turn in scholarship examines the institutional and political dimensions of Islamophobia, conceptualizing Muslim representations as a mechanism of ethnoracial formation in which the media is one such site of racialization. Moments of great political and cultural transformation can motivate and activate these racial projects, generating racialized representations that attach racial meaning to bodies. Much of the research on Muslim representations in news media centers on this very question: did the attacks of 9/11 usher in a new racial project? Previous studies offer competing hypotheses. Bridging social movement and communication theories with a theory of ethnoracial formation, the author develops an approach for evaluating racial framing processes through a comparison of diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational frames. The author applies this approach using computational text analysis techniques to examine latent shifts in the racial framing of Muslims in the New York Times in the decade before and after 9/11. The author finds evidence of increasingly racialized, but more complex, representations of Muslims in the decade after 9/11 in which diagnostic frames evolve from locating social problems in states and institutions to locating social problems in Muslim bodies. Prognostic frames shift from institutional reforms to those targeting group pathology. The author argues that excavating the latent mechanisms of racial projects helps us better understand the dynamic and ongoing processes of ethnoracial formation.
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Nyangoro, Julius E. "Military Coups d'etat in Nigeria Revisited: A Political and Economic Analysis." American Review of Politics 14 (April 1, 1993): 129–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1993.14.0.129-147.

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In the last few years, there seems to have been a radical transformation in African politics. South Africa, which for a long time reflected the politics of racial domination, is moving towards multi-racial rule. Formerly one-party states such as Zambia and Kenya recently have held multi-party elections; and authoritarian regimes such as Zaire are now seriously discussing the possibility of pluralist politics. The question that this paper seeks to address is whether the changes taking place are indeed ushering in a new phase of politics in Africa without the prospect of military intervention. Nigeria is used as a case study for examining this question.
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Lennon, Myles. "Postcarbon Amnesia: Toward a Recognition of Racial Grief in Renewable Energy Futures." Science, Technology, & Human Values 45, no. 5 (January 22, 2020): 934–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919900556.

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Climate justice activists envision a “postcarbon” future that not only transforms energy infrastructures but also redresses the fossil fuel economy’s long-standing racial inequalities. Yet this anti-racist rebranding of the “zero emissions” telos does not tend to the racial grief that’s foundational to white supremacy. Accordingly, I ask: can we address racial oppression through a “just transition” to a “postcarbon” moment? In response, I connect today’s postcarbon imaginary with yesterday’s postcolonial imaginary. Drawing from research on US-based climate activism, I explore how the utopic rhetoric of a “just transition” is instantiated in practice. I argue that the racialized absences constitutive of what scholars call “postcolonial amnesia” are operative in the anti-racist move to a postcarbon moment. This postcarbon imaginary formulates the vulnerability of people of color to biophysical disasters as the raison d’être for infrastructural transformation. This, I argue, has the effect of overlooking the ways in which racial grief inheres in such vulnerability and the capacity of energy infrastructures to uphold racist hierarchies. I situate this “postcarbon amnesia” in Anne Cheng’s framework for differentiating “grief” from “grievance,” calling for renewable energy transitions that move away from enumerative grievances and toward a sobering recognition of racial grief.
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