Academic literature on the topic 'Race structured society'
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Journal articles on the topic "Race structured society"
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Metcalfe, Jody. "Dominant Narratives of Whiteness in Identity Construction of Mixed-Race Young Adults in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Social Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11050205.
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Despite the relative freedoms gained after the transition to democracy in 1994 in South Africa, dominant narratives of Whiteness stemming from settler-colonial and apartheid legacies of White supremacy remain pervasive within all structures of post-apartheid society, including the identity construction and racialisation of first-generation mixed-race people. This research explored how dominant narratives of Whiteness influence the construction of identity among mixed-race youth in post-apartheid South Africa. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 participants who have one White parent and one parent of colour and were considered ‘born frees’, as they were born during or after the transition to democracy. Guided by critical race theory, through thematic analysis, three main themes emerged: defying Rainbowism, rejecting Whiteness, and policing identity. Ultimately, this research critically investigates how mixed-race people have constructed their identities while navigating pervasive power structures of White supremacy that continue to shape the rigid racial categorisations in post-apartheid South Africa.
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Blake, George K. "A strictly American institution: Neil O'Brien, blackface minstrelsy, and the invention of white Catholic identity." Popular Music 38, no. 03 (October 2019): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143019000321.
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AbstractThis article examines the politics of race, religion and nation in relation to blackface minstrelsy during the first decades of the twentieth century. Having been superseded by more modern amusements, minstrelsy was outdated as a performance genre, yet the minstrel show served as a forum for Neil O'Brien and the Knights of Columbus fraternal society to participate in the invention of a white American Catholic identity. For fraternal society members, estranged from national belonging by religious difference, these performances situated the group as proponents of an old-fashioned American tradition, structured around anti-blackness. At a time of anti-Catholic sentiment, Catholic fraternal society members gathered for minstrel performances, distancing themselves from black people and marking themselves as white Americans.
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Anderson, K. J. "Cultural Hegemony and the Race-Definition Process in Chinatown, Vancouver: 1880–1980." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6, no. 2 (June 1988): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d060127.
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The study of systems of racial classification is not well developed in the social sciences. Within the liberal tradition of race relations research, race has more often been taken for granted than made an object of explanation itself. Marxist analysts, on the other hand, have tended to treat race, like other ideologies, as derivative of more decisive economic pressures under capitalism. Neither of these ‘idealist’ or materialist’ perspectives gives sufficient recognition to the contribution which ideological formulations about ‘race’ have made to the structuring of the society and space of Western countries. That challenge is taken up in this paper and the history of the race-definition process in Vancouver, British Columbia, is examined. Attention is paid to the social construction of the racial category, ‘Chinese’, which persisted in white European culture for a century, from 1880 to 1980. It is demonstrated how the racial category is structured at the local level through the nexus known as ‘Chinatown’, and legitimized through the institutional practices of the three levels of the Canadian government. In reconstructing the historically evolving relationship between racial discourse, place, and government policy in one setting, the workings of one of the most influential of socially based hegemonies are uncovered.
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Monteflores, Omar Lucas. "Anarchism and the Indigenous Peoples of Guatemala: A Tenuous Relation." Anarchist Studies 28, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/as.28.2.04.
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While the indigenous peoples of Guatemala and its history of anarchist thought are seldom studied together but there is merit to exploring the differences and convergences between the anarchist movement's perspectives on class and ethnicity and those of better understood liberal, socialist and communist traditions. Anarchists in Guatemala made tentative efforts to reach out to rural workers and peasants in the period between 1928 to 1932, but these efforts were circumscribed and largely unsuccessful. They did so under the influence of more structured movements in Mexico and Argentina, which incorporated visions of collective emancipation that would appeal to autonomous indigenous movements; however their brief embrace of these issues, interrupted by fierce repression by the state, was curtailed by the overwhelming urban base from which they intervened in labour and social struggles. The reasons for this failure lay in the history of Guatemalan race relations and the structural divisions between urban and rural society that endured during the transition from colonial to republican society, and which anarchists tied to overcome.
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Garner, Justin R., and John N. Singer. "Exploring the Notion of Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) among Black Male College Football Athletes." JCSCORE 3, no. 2 (January 2, 2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2017.3.2.97-122.
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Black male athletes are prominent figures in sport and society; and, as such, they are often subjected to the pressure of acting in a socially responsible manner. Given the predominance of Black males in American college athletics, it is important to examine their roles in society both on and off the field of play. Building upon of Agyemang and Singer’s (2013) study on the individual social responsibility (ISR) of Black male professional athletes, the purpose of this study was to explore the concept of ISR among Black male college athletes. In this study, we engaged in semi-structured interviews with Black male football athletes in efforts to garner a baseline understanding of how they perceive their social responsibility as notable members of society. Initial findings suggest notions of being a role model, engaging in ethical behavior, and overcoming marginalization, mainly in regard to issues of race. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Zelinger, Amir. "Unnatural Pet-Keeping." Humanimalia 9, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 92–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9544.
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This paper embeds pet-keeping into the scholarship on Hurricane Katrina. Recent research into Hurricane Katrina has mostly emphasized the social significance of this natural disaster, maintaining that issues of class, race, and social inequality were responsible for the extent of the catastrophe and for the fact that certain populations suffered much more severely than others. Focusing on custody disputes over pets that were stranded during the catastrophe and adopted by new owners outside of the area affected, this paper argues that the social conflicts at the root of Katrina extended to the realm of pet-keeping. It contends that in the same way that Katrina brutally lay bare some of the most burning social conflicts plaguing American society, it also revealed, as no other event could, the entanglement of pet-keeping within these conflicts. Thus, Hurricane Katrina made clear that pets are not simply part of American society—they are also part of the hierarchies, inequalities, and discriminations this society is structured upon.
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MEER, NASAR. "Race Equality Policy Making in a Devolved Context: Assessing the Opportunities and Obstacles for a ‘Scottish Approach’." Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000187.
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AbstractThere is a burgeoning literature that suggests that, across a number of social policy domains, ‘Scotland is different’. Hitherto however, race equality policy has been largely overlooked and this article addresses this within the context of recent and historical developments in a devolved policy context. Adopting a mixed-method case-study analysis, including thirty-two semi-structured interviews with civil society and Scottish Government, the article shows how policy actors lack a consensus on the underlying causes of racial inequality, in ways that may impede policy making. In this sense, the article shows how Scotland ‘orbits’ around existing settlements, rather than necessarily setting off in a new course that goes beyond the fact of contingency. The implications of this analysis have a much broader relevance, including an account of how race equality policy opportunities encounter political obstacles, in a way that bears both specific and generalizable qualities. These include the role of policy coalitions in holding and promoting a coherent set of positions, the particularity of race as an idea or ‘cognitive problem’, and how prevailing narratives about national identities can feed into this process.
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Nyhagen Predelli, Line. "Marriage in Norwegian Missionary Practice and Discourse in Norway and Madagascar, 1880-1910." Journal of Religion in Africa 31, no. 1 (2001): 4–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006601x00022.
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AbstractThe article discusses marriage practice and discourse within the Lutheran Norwegian Missionary Society (NMS), mainly within the years 1880-1910. The focus is on NMS discourse and practice in Norway and in Madagascar. Through a close reading of missionary texts, the article offers an understanding of how marriage, gender, sexuality, race and class structured both mission practice and discourse, and how mission rules and regulations in this area were challenged and contested. Luther saw marriage as a calling from God, and defined specific roles for women and men within it. Mission practice and discourse shows that marriage provided women with opportunities for family life and work for the mission. For men, marriage could function as a source of upward social mobility and as a mechanism to control their sexuality. It also provided men with opportunities for family life and an assistant in mission work. Close studies of individuals within the mission reveal the importance of marriage, gender, sexuality, race and class to mission practice and discourse.
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S, Gurugnanambiga. "Rituals in Sangam Ethnic Group Life." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 1 (February 26, 2022): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s129.
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The ancient man conducted his life as an animal with animals. Individual life, which was eager to compete and win with animals in the archetypal social situation, the ancient man suffered with huge losses. Wanting to make up for that loss, the ancient man headed to live together as a group to save them from their destruction. Anthropologists call this structured way of life as the ethnic community system. The human race which functioned as a group, unable to meet its needs on an individual level. The rituals of this group, which was considered to be group community, can be traced back by the literary genres that express contemporary society.
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Ridgeway, Cecilia L. "Social Difference Codes and Social Connections: 1999 Presidential Address to the Pacific Sociological Association, April 16, 1999, Portland, Oregon." Sociological Perspectives 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389779.
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Social difference codes are widely shared cultural beliefs that define the socially significant distinctions on the basis of which a society is structured and inequality is organized (e.g., race, gender, occupation). They provide cultural schemas for enacting social relations on the basis of a given difference by indicating the attributes by which people may be categorized according to the distinction and the traits and behaviors that can be expected as a result. To encourage systematic theories about the reciprocal relations between the patterns of social bonds among people and the social difference codes that prevail in society, this paper suggests basic observations. Evidence indicates that the formation of ties through interaction fosters the development and use of shared difference codes. The formation of ties concomitantly creates difference, difference itself is social connection, and the formation of a difference connection is reciprocally related to the development of resource inequalities. Mutual dependence among categories of people transforms the evaluative bias of difference codes from competing in-group preferences into shared status beliefs that characterize one category as socially better than the others. Prevailing difference codes are modified when changing structural conditions change the conditions under which people from different categories interact.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Race structured society"
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Reid, Patricia Mary, and n/a. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070130.140518.
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In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.
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Reid, Patricia Mary. "Whiteness as Goodness: White Women in PNG & Australia, 1960's to the Present." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365505.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I examine the contemporary nexus between White women and the raced and classed institution of White womanhood. More specifically, I focus on White Australian women who are middle class, rich in cultural capital, and generally consider themselves to be progressive; that is race privileged women but women who are not usually associated with overt racism. My analysis unfolds White Australian women in the discursive context of the ideologies of feminism and feminist-influenced anti-racist politics, as well as the ideologies of femininity. The thesis shows how this nexus is enacted through a vision of White women as Good as expressed in the political commitments, mentalities, relationships, narratives and corporeality of such women. The research problem that I identified and worked through in the thesis is as follows: for middle class White women, (who can be seen and see themselves as generic 'women'), Whiteness has been seen and played out as Goodness. Further, in the playing out of this Goodness White women accumulate and defend the prestige and privileges of Whiteness. Specifically, I argue that Whiteness is reproduced in some of the discourses and practices of White feminism, by the progressive White women involved in anti-racist politics, and in the femininity industry and the ways it is taken up. The nub of the problem I identify is that White women's involvement in the structures and narratives that support Whiteness is often grounded in the very qualities of character and conduct that emerge from the colonial and class-constructed ideal of White womanhood and which have historically distinguished them from denigrated others. These qualities- notably virtue, innocence and self-restraint- whilst differently nuanced in other contexts are an ongoing expression of the uses made of White womanhood as the visible sign of race and class superiority. The work examines four key periods: the Australian colony of PNG during the decolonising 1960's and 1970's; the high years of 1970's and 1980's feminism; the race debates of the 1990's; and the bodily practices of present day White women gripped by fears of fat and aging. I explore the ways in which White women's Whiteness is played out in benevolent Black/White relationships, the over-reach of difference feminism, particular kinds of anti-racist identities and activism, and body-improvement practices. In all these cultural sites, White women's Whiteness is often represented as a kind of moral being and deployed as moral authority in ways that are consonant with the raced and classed construction of White women as moral texts. My research approach was determined by the research problem I identified. Given my argument that White women mis-recognise Whiteness as Goodness in a race-structured society, then the collecting of data through interviews or surveys would have yielded material subject to this blindness. Instead, I explored sites and material where moral claims were being pressed, and case studies where 'women' were enacting themselves or being represented or interpellated as moral texts. My selection of primary source material ranges from feminist newsletters, women's and other magazines, literature, film, event programs and flyers, radio and television broadcasts, newspapers and websites, as well as reflections on my own experiences. Secondary source material includes feminist theoretical texts as well as texts drawn from a range of other disciplines, and other historical background materials. I lay out and support my arguments using a technique not dissimilar to collage, aiming to construct a picture that is compelling in its detail as well as coherent in its overall effect. This thesis is a contribution to the de-naturalisation of Whiteness. Navigating a course between the opposing hazards of essentialising Whiteness and understating its effects in contemporary Australian society, I have brought into clearer view some of the strategies which maintain the authority of Whiteness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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Raj, Shehzad D. "Ambivalence and penetration of boundaries in the worship of Dionysos : analysing the enacting of psychical conflicts in religious ritual and myth, with reference to societal structure." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23662/.
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This thesis draws on Freud to understand the innate human need to create boundaries and argues that ambivalence is an inescapable dilemma in their creation. It argues that a re-reading of Freud’s major thesis in Totem and Taboo via an engagement with the Dionysos myth and cult scholarship allows for a new understanding of dominant forms of hegemonic psychic and social formations that attempt to keep in place a false opposition of polis and phusis, self and Other, resulting in the perpetuation of oppressive structures and processes. The primary methodological claim of the thesis is that prior psychoanalytic engagements with cultus scholarship have suffered from being either insufficiently thorough or diffused in attempts to be comparative. A more holistic and detailed approach allows us to ground a psychoanalytic interpretation in the realities of said culture, allowing us to critique Freud’s misreading of Dionysos regarding the Primal Father and the psychic transmission of the Primal Crime. This thesis posits that Dionysos needs to acknowledged as a projection of the Primal Father fantasy linked to a basic ambivalence about the necessity of boundaries in psychosocial life. Using research from the classics and psychoanalysis alongside Queer and post-colonial theory, as well as extensive fieldwork and primary source analysis, this thesis provides a grounded materialist critique of psychoanalysis’ complicity in reproducing a false dichotomy between polis and phusis, a dichotomy that furthers the projection onto marginalised groups whose othering is linked to a fear and desire of a return to phusis and denial of its constant presence in the psyche and polis. This re-reading of Dionysos challenges the defensive structures, which are organised around ideas of subjectification that posit that phusis must be severed from polis/ego and projected onto Dionysos and all groups that threaten the precariousness of these boundaries.
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Kjellin, Johan. "Coupled Hydrological and Microbiological Processes Controlling Denitrification in Constructed Wetlands." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : [Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4370.
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Albert, Stéphane. "Performance des institutions bancaires, structure des revenus et influence de l'économie et des marchés financiers." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069279.
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L'après-crise et l'évolution de la réglementation confrontent les banques à un cadre nouveau, replaçant la performance financière au cœur de leur modèle. A l'exception des risques associés aux opérations financières propres, les effets de la structure des revenus sur la rentabilité et la stabilité des résultats sont toutefois débattus. Le présent travail doctoral propose une poursuite de la recherche sur la performance des banques en s'intéressant à l'influence des conditions économiques et de marchés. Une telle influence est peu explorée au-delà des risques de crédit et de trading. Les conditions économiques et de marchés semblent à même d'expliquer d'importantes variations sur la plupart des postes du résultat des banques. La projection des résultats possibles, et plus généralement la mesure des aléas, requièrent la considération de l'ensemble de la structure des revenus ainsi que des volatilités et corrélations des variables d'influence.Plus avant sur un plan stratégique, la recherche est ensuite orientée vers l'estimation de la performance, selon l'environnement, des activités de banque " traditionnelle " et des services financiers à la clientèle. Enfin, la performance attendue des activités (espérances de rentabilité et de volatilité) ainsi que les écarts possibles à ces attentes sont évalués à l'aide de scénarios multiples. Il apparait que la diversification vers les services financiers, ainsi que des stratégies prudentes de transformation d'échéances de taux entre passifs et actifs, améliorent l'attente de performance vis-à-vis de la banque traditionnelle considérée seule. L'incertitude globale de performance associée à une banque ainsi diversifiée semble également contenue en regard des bénéfices attendus. Si l'influence des conditions économiques et financières est exogène, le choix de la structure des activités parait ainsi offrir des opportunités de mitigation des risques et de soutien au rendement-risque.
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Lin, Lang. "Parents, Patriarchy, and Decision-Making Power: A Study of Gender Relations as Reflected by Co-residence Patterns of Older Parents in the Immigrant Household." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/16/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Race structured society"
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Schneider, Jörg, and Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. 3rd ed. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.
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<p>Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.<p>Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.<p>The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a fi rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.<p>This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.<p>The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.
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Governance and society in colonial Mexico: Chihuahua in the eighteenth century. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1996.
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Bondestam, Maja, ed. Exceptional Bodies in Early Modern Culture. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721745.
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Drawing on a rich array of textual and visual primary sources, including medicine, satires, play scripts, dictionaries, natural philosophy, and texts on collecting wonders, this book provides a fresh perspective on monstrosity in early modern European culture. The essays explore how exceptional bodies challenged social, religious, sexual and natural structures and hierarchies in the sixteenth, seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and contributed to its knowledge, moral and emotional repertoire. Prodigious births, maternal imagination, hermaphrodites, collections of extraordinary things, powerful women, disabilities, controversial exercise, shapeshifting phenomena and hybrids are examined in a period before all varieties and differences became normalized to a homogenous standard. The historicizing of exceptional bodies is central in the volume since it expands our understanding of early modern culture and deepens our knowledge of its specific ways of conceptualizing singularities, rare examples, paradoxes, rules and conventions in nature and society.
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Straalen, Nico, and Dick Roelofs. Human Evolution and Development. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729208.
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Our understanding of human evolution is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over the last years due to spectacular fossil finds, reconstructions based on genome comparison, ancient DNA sequencing and new insights into developmental genetics. This book takes an integrative approach in which the development of the human embryo, the evolutionary history of our body, the structure of human populations, their dispersal over the world and their cultures are examined by integrating paleoanthropology, developmental biology, comparative zoology, population genetics and phylogenetic reconstruction. The authors discuss questions like: - What do we know about ancient humans? - What happens in the development of an embryo? - How did we manage to walk upright and why did we lose our hair? - What is the relationship between language, migration and evolution? - How does our body respond to the challenges of modern society? In addition to being a core text for the study of the life sciences, Human Evolution and Development is an easy-to-read overview for the interested layperson.
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Lieberman, Robert. Race and Ethnicity in U.S. Social Policy. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.025.
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The racial character of American society has shaped social policy-making in the United States and structured the American welfare state. At the same time, the structure of American social policy has affected the welfare state’s capacity to incorporate members of different racial and ethnic groups, shaping their access to social citizenship and their opportunities for full inclusion in (or isolation from) the American political economy. This dynamic relationship has increasingly been at the center of work on American social policy, and much recent research explores important new issues that reflect both the changing reality of race in American politics and society and trends in political science, particularly regarding the changing definition of “race” in American politics and society, the new contours of inequality in American life, and the urban crisis of the late twentieth century and its impact on broader transformations of American politics.
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Class in American Society (The International Library of Sociology: Race, Class & Social Structure). Routledge, 2000.
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Hall, Catherine. Gendering Property, Racing Capital. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0002.
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This chapter takes one of the central subjects of economic and social history—the development of capitalism—and reinterprets classical debates through the lens of ‘race’ and gender. Drawing on impressive new research on British slave ownership in the Caribbean (the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership project at UCL), it argues that gender and ‘race’ not only structured the organization of property and power in slave society but were also historically dynamic axes of change. Each played a part in both cementing and dissolving the system of slavery with its particular forms of wealth creation. This significantly recalibrates traditional accounts of the relationship between slavery, capitalism, and emancipation and places culture at the heart of historical change.
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Averbeck, Robin Marie. Liberalism Is Not Enough. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646640.001.0001.
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In this intellectual history of the fraught relationship between race and poverty in the 1960s, Robin Marie Averbeck offers a sustained critique of the fundamental assumptions that structured liberal thought and action in postwar America. Focusing on the figures associated with “Great Society liberalism” like Daniel Patrick Moynihan, David Riesman, and Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Averbeck argues that these thinkers helped construct policies that never truly attempted a serious attack on the sources of racial inequality and injustice. In Averbeck’s telling, the Great Society’s most notable achievements--the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act--came only after unrelenting and unprecedented organizing by black Americans made changing the inequitable status quo politically necessary. And even so, the discourse about poverty created by liberals had inherently conservative qualities. As Liberalism Is Not Enough reveals, liberalism’s historical relationship with capitalism shaped both the initial content of liberal scholarship on poverty and its ultimate usefulness to a resurgent conservative movement.
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Rogers, Pat. Social Structure, Class, and Gender, 1660–1770. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.001.
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This article reviews some of the historic evidence on the evolution of British society, as changes in its structure impacted on the rise of the novel. It considers: (1) Demographic issues, including the size and age composition of the population, factors affecting the mortality rate, the growth in urbanism, and the professions; (2) The economic make-up of society and ways in which the class system operated through the ownership of land and the occupational spread of British people; (3) Issues of gender, as affected by rank, with the limitations and the changing possibilities for women in this era; (4) Writers and readers of the early novel, touching on the growth of literacy, the shifting dynamics of the reading public, the development of the book trade, and the opportunities for professional authors thrown up as patronage declined by new forms of distribution and delivery such as the circulating library.
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Speck, W. A. Social Structure, Class, and Gender, 1770–1832. Edited by Alan Downie. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566747.013.014.
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This essay deals with the perceived emergence of a three-class social structure in the period. Between the aristocracy and the working class contemporaries observed the growth of a middle class especially in the rapidly expanding towns where urbanization gave rise to an urban bourgeoisie. These developments also affected the role of women in society, though the thesis that they created ‘separate spheres’ has been exaggerated. The creation of a bourgeois ideology of respectability was assisted by the Evangelical Revival. Increasing industrialization, though not as revolutionary as was once thought, affected the relative standards of living of the different classes. It also had an impact on the birth rate and relations between the sexes.
Book chapters on the topic "Race structured society"
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Habib, Adam. "Seeding a New World: Lessons from the FeesMustFall Movement for the Advancement of Social Justice." In Knowledge and Civil Society, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_13.
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AbstractThe author interrogates the empirical experience of #FeesMustFall—which is extensively detailed in the book Rebels & Rage from which this article flows—with a view to understanding social movements and in turn enhancing the effectiveness of social justice struggles in the future. He discusses the value of social mobilization in effecting change, but demonstrates that this is only sustainable if the protest is structured within certain strategic and ethical parameters. He then proceeds to interrogate the issues of violence, the framing of the struggle and outcomes, the decision-making processes associated with the protest, and the importance of ethical conduct by leaders and activists. He concludes by underscoring the legitimacy of the social justice struggles but insists that these have to be more effectively conducted if they are to culminate in the establishment of a more humane social order.
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Yamashita, T., and T. Nakamura. "Macro-Structural Bases of Consumption in an Aging Low Birth-Rate Society." In The Silver Market Phenomenon, 201–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75331-5_14.
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Foley, D. T., B. S. Joyce, J. Hong, S. Laflamme, and J. Dodson. "Improving an Experimental Test Bed with Time-Varying Parameters for Developing High-Rate Structural Health Monitoring Methods." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12115-0_1.
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Roxanne, Tiara. "Revisualising Intersectionality: Conversations." In Revisualising Intersectionality, 55–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93209-1_3.
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AbstractRoxanne introduces the “conversations” format which combined methods of artistic research and instigated the transdisciplinary research undergirding the publication of Revisualising Intersectionality. Although each conversation was dedicated to one concept, namely trans*, sameness, perception, and intimacy, in the chapter, Roxanne explains how they are all positioned as epistemologies that challenge binaries (e.g., queer theory) and categorisation (e.g., critical race theory). Via readings of Doireann O’Malley’s film Prototypes and Stephanie Comilang’s sci-fi documentary Lumapit Sa Akin, Paraiso (Come to Me, Paradise), Roxanne draws attention to how visuality influences the presentation of bodies across structural and societal paradigms and how our external experience is based on visual sense-making.
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Wedderburn, Nadine V., and Robert E. Carey. "Forgiveness in the Face of Hate." In Religion and Theology, 185–200. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2457-2.ch013.
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The June 2015 killing of nine African-Americans by a white male shooter in Charleston, South Carolina re-ignited intense discussions around the relationship of race, justice, and faith in the U.S. Within two days of the massacre, members of the victims' families were shown openly offering forgiveness to the accused killer and praying God's mercy on his soul. This seemingly quick offer of clemency raises penetrating questions concerning the value and purpose of the act of forgiveness, arguably an act of pure grace. This chapter shows that forgiveness, as a complex Christian practice, casts an extraordinary light on structures of identity and the politics of privilege in the U.S. In doing so, forgiveness exposes the myth of a “post-racial America” and reveals the deeply-rooted and longstanding systems of racial oppression and discrimination in American society. Structured around key guiding questions, the chapter provides a way to think through the meaning of forgiveness towards developing an approach to dismantling structures of exclusion that are the hallmark of a racial world view.
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Luttrell, Wendy. "The freedom to care." In Children Framing Childhoods, 203–42. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352853.003.0007.
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This chapter reflects on distorted visions of education, care, and freedom. It revisits the contours of the kids' perspectives of care as they played out over the course of the project, examining what these young people have to say about care—its value, its rewards, its invisibilities, and contradictions. Against this backdrop, the chapter considers the current realities of care in a neoliberal capitalist society, limited and structured by gender-, race-, and class-bias; institutional racism and anti-Blackness; and economic strictures that narrow people's conceptualizations of time, productivity, and human value. The young people's visions offer much-needed hope—and in their understandings, one can locate possibilities for a new narrative of care. Drawing on the continuing challenges that the Park Central School students identified and the insights that they offered, the chapter then imagines an alternative social orientation in which care and care work take their rightful place at the center of everyday life—highly visible and highly regarded not only in the spheres of family and school, but in the very fabric of democratic society and in the fundamental understanding of freedom and social justice itself.
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Major, Z., and R. W. Lang. "Rate Dependent Fracture Toughness of Plastics." In European Structural Integrity Society, 187–98. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-1369(03)80094-8.
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Georgiou, I., A. Ivankovic, A. J. Kinloch, and V. Tropsa. "Rate Dependent Fracture Behaviour of Adhesively Bonded Joints." In European Structural Integrity Society, 317–28. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-1369(03)80105-x.
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Estevez, R., S. Basu, and E. Van der giessen. "Micromechanical Modelling of Rate and Temperature Dependent Fracture of Glassy Polymers." In European Structural Integrity Society, 155–65. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-1369(03)80091-2.
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Ponnelle, S., B. Brethes, and A. Pineau. "High temperature fatigue crack growth rate in inconel 718 : Dwell effect annihilations." In European Structural Integrity Society, 257–66. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-1369(02)80082-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Race structured society"
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Possoly da Silva Alves, Daianne, Franciele Therezinha Magno Calidoni, Mariana Sales de Oliveira, Thaís Araújo de Azevedo, Thalissa Bastos Batista, Rafaela Pinheiro de Almeida Neves, and Edson Ribeiro de Andrade. "The psychosocial impacts of remote education on black youth: an intersectional debate on the COVID-19 pandemic, gender, race and class." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212452.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has moved scientists from different areas of knowledge worldwide to bring reflections on the impacts caused by it, whose scope goes beyond human health in its physical and psychological aspects and affects the economy, politics, social relations at work, the educational system, etc. Therefore, this project, promoted by the Laboratory for the Study of Stigmatization Processes (LEPE) in partnership with the Racism Studies Line (LER) of the Psychology Course of the Higher Education Institutes at CENSA -ISECENSA, aims to promote the debate on the psychosocial effects of remote education on black youth, through an intersectional analysis between Covid-19 pandemic, gender, race and class. The objective of this research is to understand the ways in which black youth was affected in the psychosocial dimension with the establishment of remote education in the public state network with the Covid-19 pandemic. This is an exploratory research, in which a bibliographic review will be carried out to support the researchers' views on the proposed theme, using books and scientific articles on social psychology, remote education in the Covid-19 pandemic, racism and intersectionality. Besides field research, using the semi-structured interview technique. We intend to conduct group interviews, through Google Meet, with black students graduating from Liceu de Humanidades de Campos high school and from other public schools.. We hope to foster the discussion on structural racism that affects the Brazilian society focusing on the psychosocial vulnerability of black youth in the face of remote education established by the Covid-19 pandemic, and, finally, to publish two scientific articles in “Revista Perspectivas Online” with the obtained results
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Clary, Kelly Lynn, Hyojung Kang, Laura Quintero Silva, and Julie Bobitt. "Weeding out the Stigma: Experiences Shared by Older Veterans." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.37.
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Background: Cannabis use today is the highest it has been in three decades, approaching 36.5% prevalence for past year use (Schulenberg et al., 2017). From a 2014 nationwide sample of Veterans over 18, approximately 9% reported past year cannabis use (Davis et al., 2018). It also showed that in states where medical cannabis was legal, 41% of Veterans who used cannabis in the past year reported doing so for medical purposes. Modern research findings continue to point to medical cannabis as a potentially effective alternative to prescription medications (i.e., opioids and benzodiazepines) for treating a broad range of medical conditions. Aims: The goal of our larger study was to develop a deeper understanding of cannabis use in US older Veterans (60 years +) who are using cannabis as a substitute or complement for opioids and/or benzodiazepines. While research exists on the use levels of cannabis, to our knowledge, limited research on the perceived stigma of using cannabis among older Veterans exists. For the current study, we sought to develop an understanding of stigma associated with older Veterans using cannabis. Methodology: We surveyed 121 older Veterans who were enrolled in the Illinois Medical Cannabis Patient Program during fall 2020. We then used maximum variation sampling to select a subset of 32 Veterans who completed the initial online survey. From November 2020 to February 2021, two researchers conducted 30-minute audiotaped semi-structured interviews. Participants represented diversity regarding the age of cannabis initiation, type of cannabis user, military branch, type of healthcare provider, and race/ethnicity. Interview topics included (1) use of cannabis, opioids, and benzodiazepines, (2) interactions with medical providers, (3) stigma regarding cannabis use, and (4) educational materials for older Veterans. For the current study, we present findings from the third topic regarding stigma associated with using cannabis. The interviews were transcribed verbatim for data analysis purposes. Weekly meetings among two coders ensued to debrief on coding procedures, reflect on biases and interpretations, and reach consensus regarding coding discrepancies. The final codebook reached an 87% inter-rater reliability. Then, the two coders independently coded the transcripts and employed a rigorous thematic analysis approach using NVivo12 QSR. A narrative was woven together with exemplary quotes to illustrate major themes. Findings: We identified three stigma focused themes: (1) stereotypes regarding people who use cannabis, (2) hesitation of disclosing cannabis use with others, and (3) media portrayal (i.e., movies, television shows) of cannabis users. Implications: Stigma creates situations in which older Veterans are hesitant to disclose their use of cannabis with physicians and friends/family which can be dangerous and also socially isolating. Additionally, older Veterans may benefit from shared experiences about cannabis use for medical purposes, but this often does not occur. The empirically-based insights gained from this work have the potential to inform public health leaders, healthcare administrators, and public messaging regarding the use of medical cannabis. Additional research is needed to expand upon our findings with more generalizable methods and a representative sample of older Veterans.
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Dias, N. L., A. Garg, J. D. Young, U. Reddy, V. B. Verma, K. Bassett, X. Li, and J. J. Coleman. "Reduced scattering rate in nanopore structures." In 2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics Society (Formerly LEOS Annual Meeting). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/photonics.2010.5698769.
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Bekasiewicz, Adrian, and Slawomir Koziel. "Novel structure and EM-driven design of miniaturized microstrip rat-race coupler." In 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2018.8364212.
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Shi, Zhengye. "Political Correctness: The Effects of Gaming in the Society and the Social Dimension." In 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (COMIT 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111706.
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In this study my approach is the dispute and the structure of political correctness in terms of sociological questions, as follows. 1. Why this apparently centered in creative output on achieving social change through the gaming industry? 2. How are we to comprehend the association among the chaos of inequality in the gaming industry and putting character disfigurement (gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation)? 3. How do we connect globalization - political correctness to video games? The study conclude with a discussion and tactics for contesting critiques.
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Nagarajan, Adarsh, and Jianhua Zhang. "Evolving Distribution Utility Rate Structures to Accommodate Emerging Technologies." In 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt45199.2020.9087699.
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TAKEDA, NOBUO. "Integrated In-Process Monitoring of High-Rate Production CFRP Structures for Material Quality Assurance." In American Society for Composites 2018. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc33/25996.
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Yu Shuyan, Ge Jiping, and Huang Jianjie. "Empirical study on industrial structure and economic growth rate and benefit of Liaoning." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Networking and Digital Society (ICNDS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnds.2010.5479209.
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Castiglioni, Paolo, Giampiero Merati, Arsenio Veicsteinas, Gianfranco Parati, and Marco Di Rienzo. "Influence of Autonomic Impairment on Blood-Pressure and Heart-Rate Scaling Structures." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259684.
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Castiglioni, Paolo, Giampiero Merati, Arsenio Veicsteinas, Gianfranco Parati, and Marco Di Rienzo. "Influence of Autonomic Impairment on Blood-Pressure and Heart-Rate Scaling Structures." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397684.
Full textReports on the topic "Race structured society"
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Schipper, Youdi, Isaac Mbiti, and Mauricio Romero. Designing and Testing a Scalable Teacher Incentive Programme in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/044.
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School participation in Tanzania has increased dramatically over the past two decades: primary school enrolment increased from 4.9 million in 2001 to 10.9 million in 2020. While 81 percent of primary-school-age children are currently enrolled, over the last ten years, the primary completion rate has dropped and remains below 70 percent since 2015 (data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics).1 Despite improvements in enrolment, indicators of foundational learning remain low. According to the 2020 report of the Standard Two National Assessment (STNA), conducted by the National Examinations Council of Tanzania (NECTA), in 2019 five percent of Grade 2 students pass the benchmark for reading proficiency (“Can correctly read exactly 50 words of the passage in one minute and with 80 percent or higher comprehension”). The report finds that 17 percent of students pass the benchmark (80 percent correct) of the addition and subtraction sub-tasks. These outcomes are not the result of students’ lack of academic aspiration: according to the RISE Tanzania baseline survey, 73 percent of Grade 2 and 3 students say they would like to complete secondary school or university. In a recent report, the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (World Bank, 2020) asked what programmes and policies are the most cost-effective instruments for addressing the learning crisis and improving learning for all children. The report creates three categories: the “great buys” category includes programmes that provide very low-cost but salient information on the benefits, costs, and quality of education. The “good buys” category includes programmes that provide structured pedagogy, instruction targeted by learning level, merit-based scholarships and pre-school interventions. Finally, the category “promising but low-evidence” includes teacher accountability and incentive reforms. KiuFunza, a teacher performance pay programme in Tanzania, fits this last category. KiuFunza (shorthand for Kiu ya Kujifunza or Thirst to Learn) provides test-score linked cash incentives to teachers in Grades 1, 2, and 3 to increase foundational literacy and numeracy outcomes for students. The programme is managed by Twaweza East Africa, a Civil Society Organization, and was set up to provide evidence on the impact of teacher incentives in a series of experimental evaluations. This note discusses the rationale for teacher incentives in Tanzania, the design elements of KiuFunza and preliminary results for the most recent phase of KiuFunza (this phase was implemented in 2019-2021 and the impact evaluation is part of the RISE Tanzania research agenda).