Academic literature on the topic 'Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg'
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Journal articles on the topic "Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg"
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Joseph, Juliet Eileen. "Post-apartheid South Africa’s exacerbated inequality and the Covid-19 pandemic: intersectionality and the politics of power." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.002099.
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Over the past fifteen years there has been an increase in the number of protest movements globally. In recent years and amid the global pandemic there have been hundreds of protests and demonstrations in South Africa. Consequently, in comparison to other parts of the globe, such protest action in South Africa is high. As a result, stable governance in the region has been impacted.
Notably, during the resistance years in defiance of the apartheid regime, citizens in South Africa expressed their social discontent against exclusion and marginalisation through identities as radical and intersectional – this was also articulated in the recent protests that occurred in KwaZulu-Natal and parts of Johannesburg in July 2021. This highlights the relevance of intersectionality within this region. Intersectionality can be seen to refer to the inequalities that exist beyond femininities and masculinities. Intersectional theory explores aspects of discrimination, oppression, exploitation and inequality across identity, gender, race, ethnicity and class. This study uses a qualitative research approach to conceptually analyse intersectional theory. Thereafter the study discusses the relevance of intersectional theory in a post-apartheid context by illustrating intersectionality through the unrest and protests that occurred, following the jailing of former president Jacob Zuma. The findings of the study suggest the need to unpack the legacies of African elitism and social relations, while implementing intersectional reform that promotes greater inclusivity of citizens in the state.
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Du Toit, David. "“We cannot discriminate against someone without an eye or a leg … But I do look at obesityâ€: Statistical discrimination and employers’ recruitment strategies at housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg." African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) 40, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-3223/5858.
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The landscape of paid domestic work has changed considerably in recent years with the growth in the number of housecleaning service companies in South Africa and elsewhere. Housecleaning service companies transform domestic work into a service economy where trained domestic workers render a professional cleaning service to clients. In South Africa, little is known about the factors that employers at housecleaning service companies take into consideration during the selection and recruitment process. A key feature of paid domestic work is the gender, class and race constructions of domestic workers, the vast majority of whom are women, usually women of colour, from low socio-economic backgrounds. Whether we are seeing a change in the demographic profile of domestic workers with the growth of housecleaning service companies remains unclear. This paper therefore focuses on the recruitment strategies of employers at selected housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg in an attempt to shed light on the challenges that jobseeking domestic workers may face. Open-ended interviews with managers revealed that gender, race, age, long-term unemployment, and technical and personal skills of job-seeking domestic workers have a strong impact on the recruitment process, while immigration status plays a somewhat reduced role. This paper concludes that housecleaning service companies have not changed the demographic profile of domestic workers in South Africa yet, and that paid domestic work is still predominantly a black woman’s job.
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Abrahams, Caryn, and David Everatt. "City Profile: Johannesburg, South Africa." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 21, 2019): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859123.
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The city of Johannesburg offers insights into urban governance and the interesting interplay between managing the pressures in a rapidly urbanizing context, with the political imperatives that are enduring challenges. The metropolitan municipality of Johannesburg (hereafter Johannesburg), as it is known today, represents one of the most diverse cities in the African continent. That urbanization, however, came up hard against the power of the past. Areas zoned by race had been carved into the landscape, with natural and manufactured boundaries to keep formerly white areas ‘safe’ from those zoned for other races. Highways, light industrial plant, rivers and streams, all combined to ensure the Johannesburg landscape are spatially disfigured, and precisely because it is built into the landscape, the impact of apartheid has proved remarkably durable. Urban growth is concentrated in Johannesburg’s townships and much of it is class driven: the middle class (of all races) is increasingly being found in cluster and complexes in the north Johannesburg, while poor and working-class African and coloured communities in particular are densifying in the south. The racial and spatial divisions of the city continue to pose fundamental challenges in terms of governance, fiscal management and spatially driven service delivery.
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Williams, David R., Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal, and Dan J. Stein. "Perceived discrimination, race and health in South Africa." Social Science & Medicine 67, no. 3 (August 2008): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.021.
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Schoub, Barry D., Sylvia Johnson, Jo M. McAnerney, Isabel L. Dos Santos, and Katalin I. M. Klaassen. "Epidemic Coxsackie B virus infection in Johannesburg, South Africa." Journal of Hygiene 95, no. 2 (October 1985): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400062872.
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SUMMARYA particularly extensive epidemic of Coxsackie B3 virus infection occurred in Johannesburg in the spring and summer of 1984. A total of 142 positive cases were diagnosed by isolation of the virus from stools and other specimens (60) or by serology (82). Coxsackie B3 accounted for 87% of the isolations and was also the dominant serotype on serology.The outbreak involved predominantly children and young adults, with no apparent sex differences being noted. The majority of specimens came from the white population and no significant difference in age or sex distribution could be observed between the two race groups. The major clinical presentation in the white group was Bornholm disease followed by cardiac involvement and then meningoencephalitis. In the black group, however, myocarditis was the major clinical presentation, which is of particular interest taking into account the extremely high incidence of acute rheumatic carditis in this population and the prevalence of chronic cardiomyopathy.
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Mans-Kemp, Nadia, and Suzette Viviers. "Investigating board diversity in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 392–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v8i2.100.
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The issue of board diversity has been widely debated. Given the lack of conclusive empirical evidence, this study investigated the relationship between gender and race board diversity and the financial performance of South African companies. The sample covered 1 542 annual observations over the period 2002 to 2012. The percentage of female and black directors of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange increased significantly over the research period. Board diversity differed considerably across industries. A statistically significant positive relationship existed between the percentage of both female and black directors and earnings per share. In contrast, a statistically significant negative relationship was found between the percentage of both female and black directors and total shareholder return. Given the lack of a clear business case, the question arises as to how board diversity on the JSE can be encouraged. The researchers recommend that more attention should be given to the development and mentoring of diverse board candidates.
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Chick, J. Keith. "The interactional accomplishment of discrimination in South Africa." Language in Society 14, no. 3 (September 1985): 299–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011283.
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ABSTRACTIn this paper I attempt to show what a micro approach involving fine-grained sociolinguistic analyses has to contribute to the understanding of the causes of discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa. I present analyses of intra- and intercultural encounters involving native speakers of English and Zulu which suggest that differences in sociocultural background and discourse conventions contribute to misinterpretation of intent and misjudgement of attitude and ability. Repeated stressful encounters of this kind, I suggest, generate negative cultural stereotypes. Finally, I sketch how the larger, structural, historically given forces, which are the concern of macro studies, combine with the results of intercultural encounters to achieve a negative cycle of socially created discrimination. (Interactional sociolinguistics, culture-specific discourse conventions. intercultural communication failure and prejudice, South African English)
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Scott, Lwando. "Disrupting Johannesburg Pride: Gender, race, and class in the LGBTI movement in South Africa." Agenda 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2017.1351101.
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Seekings, Jeremy. "The continuing salience of race: Discrimination and diversity in South Africa." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 26, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589000701782612.
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Marx, Anthony W. "Race-Making and the Nation-State." World Politics 48, no. 2 (January 1996): 180–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1996.0003.
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Why was official racial domination enforced in South Africa and the United States, while nothing comparable to apartheid or Jim Crow was constructed in Brazil? Slavery and colonialism established the pattern of early discrimination in all three cases, and yet the postabolition racial orders diverged. Miscegenation influenced later outcomes, as did economic competition, but neither was decisive. Interpretations of these historical and economic factors were shaped by later developments. This article argues that postabolition racial orders were significantly shaped by the processes of nation-state building in each context. In South Africa and the United States ethnic or regional “intrawhite” conflict impeding nation-state consolidation was contained by racial domination. Whites were unified by excluding blacks, in an ongoing dynamic that took different forms. Continued competition and tensions between the American North and South or South Africa's English and Afrikaners were repeatedly resolved or diminished through further entrenchment of Jim Crow or apartheid. With no comparable conflict requiring reconciliation in Brazil, no official racial domination was constructed, although discrimination continued. The dynamics of nation-state building are then reviewed to explain variations in black mobilization and the end of apartheid and Jim Crow.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg"
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Stent, Alison. "Reading the Sowetan's mediation of the public's response to the Jacob Zuma rape trial: a critical discourse analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002940.
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In this minithesis I conduct a critical discourse analysis to take on a double-pronged task. On the one hand I explore the social phenomenon of the contestation between supporters of then-ANC deputy president Jacob Zuma and supporters of his rape accuser. The trial, which took place in the Johannesburg High Court between mid-February and early May 2006, stirred intense public interest, both locally and internationally. The performance of thousands of Zuma’s supporters and a far smaller number of gender rights lobby groups, both of whom kept a presence outside the court building throughout the trial, received similar attention. Second, I examine how the Sowetan, a national daily tabloid with a black, middle-class readership, mediated the trial through pictures of the theatre outside the court and letters to the editor. The study is informed by post-Marxist and cultural studies perspectives, both approaches that are concerned with issues of power, ideology and the circulation of meaning within specific sociocultural contexts. A rudimentary thematic content analysis draws out some of the main themes from the material, while the critical discourse analysis is located within a theoretical framework based on concepts from Laclau & Mouffe’s theory of meaning, which assumes a power struggle between contesting positions seeking to invalidate one another and to either challenge or support existing hegemonies. This is further informed by, first, Laclau’s theorisation of populism, which assumes that diverse groupings can unite under a demagogue’s banner in shared antagonism towards existing power, and second, by concepts from Mamdani’s theorisation of power and resistance in colonial and post-colonial Africa, which explicates three overarching ideological discourses of human rights, social justice and traditional ethnic practices. The study, then, explores how these three discourses were operationalised by the localised contestations over the trial.
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Williams, David R., Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey L. Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal, and Dan J. Stein. "Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8029.
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To assess the levels of perceived acute and chronic racial and non-racial discrimination in South Africa, their association with health, and the extent to which they contribute to racial differences in physical and mental health, data were used from a national probability sample of adults, the South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). All Black groups in South Africa (African, Coloured and Indian) were two to four times more likely than Whites to report acute and chronic experiences of racial discrimination. Africans and Coloureds report higher levels of ill health than Whites, but acute and chronic racial discrimination were unrelated to ill health and unimportant in accounting for racial differences in self-rated health. In contrast, all Black groups had higher levels of psychological distress than Whites, and perceived chronic discrimination was positively associated with distress. Moreover, these experiences accounted for some of the residual racial differences in distress after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Our main findings indicate that, in a historically racialized society, perceived chronic racial and especially non-racial discrimination acts independently of demographic factors, other stressors, psychological factors (social desirability, self-esteem and personal mastery), and multiple SES indicators to adversely affect mental health.
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Irvine, Philippa Margaret. "Post-apartheid racial integration in Grahamstown : a time-geographical perspective." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005521.
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This research is situated within the context of the post-apartheid era in South Africa, which includes the dominant ideologies and policies that have shaped the urban landscape of the past and present. It investigates the extent and patterns of integration that exist twenty years after the country’s political transition and it uses Grahamstown, a small education and cultural centre in the Eastern Cape Province, as its case study. The investigation incorporates the traditional geographical focus of residential and educational integration, using conventional means of investigation such as segregation indices, dissimilarity indices, percentages and maps. However, in identifying the broader nature of ‘segregation’ and ‘integration’, the study moves beyond these foci and approaches. It adopts the timegeographical framework to reveal the dynamic use of urban space that reflects the lived space of selected individuals from the community of Grahamstown: the extent and patterns of their behavioural integration or spatial linkages. Together, these approaches reveal that Grahamstown is still a city divided by race and, now, class. Schools and residential areas remain tied to the apartheid divisions of race and the white community exists almost entirely within the bounds of apartheid’s blueprint of urban space. Rhodes University, which is located within Grahamstown, has experienced admirable levels of integration within the student body and within the staff as a whole, but not within the staff’s different levels. In essence, where integration has occurred it has been unidirectional with the black community moving into the spaces and institutions formerly reserved for whites. The limited behavioural integration or spatial linkages are shown to be tied to city structure and, within the white group, to perceptions of ‘otherness’ held by the individuals interviewed. While the study shows limited differences in the time-spatial movements between members of different races who are resident in the former white group area, it highlights the differences between those more permanently resident in the city and the temporary educational migrants or students. The study argues that the slow pace of change is related to the nature of South Africa’s democratic transition and its attending political and economic policies.
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Mbatha, Mbalenhle. "A qualitative investigation of gendered perspectives on, maternity leave/family responsibility duties/social roles and access to career development, in the Johannesburg branch of a Multination Corporation (MNC): the case of company A, S.A. Johannesburg branch." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5657.
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In recent years, there has been increasing concern that gender bias has prevented women from advancing as rapidly and as frequently as men into management positions. Although the number of women managers has increased, they may experience difficulty moving into upper management positions. The purpose of our research was to study employee gender perception of key variables of women and the positions held in high technology companies. In this research, phenomenological research method was chosen, because the aim of it is to determine what the experience means for the people who have experienced it. Based on the collected data, answers and experiences, structural analysis was done in order to find out the major phenomena of gender perceptions. A number of variables uncover the perception of aspects of policy and gender and barriers that may affect female employees' opportunities for advancement. Using a sample of 30 full-time employees from Company A, the results indicated that position held was significantly different for male and female employees. The results also indicated that neither male nor female employees appeared to notice the apparent perceptions apparently as a glass ceiling within their company and the Implications discussed and recommendations provided. With reference to the Empirical research, this paper increases the knowledge about women’s career development and provides recommendations how to deal with it. It is also expected that this thesis will be helpful to all women who are in the labour market for their career development and advancement.
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Yang, YoungJun. "Producing post-apartheid space : an ethnography of race, place and subjectivity in Stellenbosch, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96928.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the end of Apartheid, many scholars of South Africa celebrated democratisation and offered optimism for the end of racial segregation. Racial segregation, however, still exists in South Africa and in Stellenbosch each residential place is divided along skin colour lines. Such a pattern is far from the position of optimism and seems to suggest that race continues to manifest itself materially through space in Post-Apartheid South Africa, even if such segregation is not imposed by Apartheid laws. This thesis describes how different individuals, especially foreigners, enter historically designated racial areas - ‘African’, ‘Coloured’, ‘White’ – and are ‘interpellated’ into particular racial categories. It aims to grasp the process of abstraction at work when the attempt is made to construct foreigners in these racial categories, and how these individuals come to perceive South Africa. The study suggests that at the points in which the interpellation of race fails are precisely the moments in which we see the possibility for the formation of a truly post-Apartheid Subjectivity. The thesis is cognisant of the particularity of place: focusing on Stellenbosch in the Western Cape necessarily involves engaging specificities of the historical construction of race that mark place in the present, especially in this province. Whilst the discovery of gold in the former Transvaal drove the exploitation of African mine workers and was important in the formation of race there, in the Western Cape the importance economically of the slave and later free labour of Coloured farm workers is important in grasping racial formations in Stellenbosch. At the same time, however, I present the case of an unemployed South African women who is unable to live in any areas previously designated by race, and through her tale, suggest that relationships between race and labour might be being undone, even as this undoing is fraught and not producing subjects who can feel comfortable in democracy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Opsomming Sedert die einde van Apartheid is demokratisering in akademiese kringe geprys en is die einde van rasse-segregasie met optimisme begroet. Rasse-segregasie leef egter steeds voort in Suid-Afrika en in Stellenbosch is elke residensiële area volgens velkleur verdeel. Hierdie verskynsel is alles behalwe ’n bron van optimisme en blyk aan te toon dat ras voortgaan om ditself op materiële wyse deur ruimte in post-Apartheid Suid-Afrika te manifesteer, selfs in die afwesigheid van segregasie deur Apartheid-wetgewing. Hierdie tesis ondersoek hoe verskillende individue, veral buitelanders, histories-gedefinieerde rasse-areas – ‘swart’, ‘bruin’ en ‘blank’ – binnegaan en ‘geïnterpelleer’ word in spesifieke rassekategorieë. Dit poog om die proses van abstraksie te verstaan waardeur buitelanders in rassekategorieë gekonstrueer word, en hoe hierdie individue Suid-Afrika beskou. Dié studie voer aan dat die plekke waar die interpellasie van ras misluk, die presiese momente is waar die moontlikheid vir die formasie van ’n ware post-Apartheid subjektiwiteit waargeneem kan word. Hierdie studie is bewus van die spesifisiteit van plek: om te fokus op Stellenbosch in die Wes-Kaap vereis noodwendig dat daar ook aandag geskenk sal word aan die spesifisiteit van die historiese konstruksie van ras wat plek in die hede onderlê, veral in dié spesifieke provinsie. Terwyl die ontdekking van goud in die voormalige Transvaal die uitbuiting van swart mynwerkers gedryf het en belangrik was vir die vorming van ras daar, is die ekonomiese belangrikheid van slawe en later vry arbeid van bruin plaaswerkers in die Wes-Kaap belangrik om die formasie van ras in Stellenbosch te verstaan. Op dieselfde tyd bied ek die geval aan van ’n werklose Suid-Afrikaanse vrou vir wie dit nie meer moontlik is om in enige histories-gedefinieerde ras-spesifieke area te bly nie, en wie se verhaal suggereer dat verhoudings tussen ras en arbeid dalk besig is om te ontbind, selfs al is hierdie proses vervaard en nie besig om subjekte te produseer wat gemaklik onder ’n demokratiese bestel kan voel nie.
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Meyer, Malcolm James. "Challenges facing the implementation of the employment equity act in public FET colleges in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1949.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the
MAGISTER EDUCATIONIS
in the Faculty of Education at the
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014The apartheid system caused severe pain, injustice and financial loss to the majority of South African people. To redress the aftereffects of racial discrimination in the workplace, the Employment Equity Act (EEA) of 1998 was established. While there is some research on the challenges of implementing the EEA legislation in universities, there is a paucity of research on the difficulties faced by Further Education and Training (FET) Colleges. The purpose of this research project was to investigate the extent to which the EEA has been implemented in public FET Colleges located in the Western Cape Province, with the specific objective of identifying possible barriers to the implementation of the EEA in these Colleges. The research question was: What types of challenges1, or barriers (if any), exist in the implementation of the EEA in public FET Colleges in the Western Cape? This study is informed by critical social theory. The design of research in this study is both qualitative and quantitative. Data were collected from Deputy Chief Executive Officers (Corporate Services), Human Resources Managers and Campus Heads from each of the four Colleges. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews and documentary analysis were used. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Four of the six FET Colleges in the Western Cape Province were selected on the basis of their geographical location and the diversity of their personnel. Results revealed that in public FET Colleges in the Western Cape, white males and coloured females dominate top management positions. Data further showed that the Indian group is the least represented at both top and bottom levels of these FET Colleges. Although white females are fewer than their coloured female counterparts in top positions, they are nonetheless more than double the number of their black female counterparts. These results have serious implications for implementation of EEA legislation in general, and in the Western Cape specifically.
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Roberts, Benjamin J. "Charting freedom: inequality beliefs, preferences for redistribution, and distributive social policy in contemporary South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64999.
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While the transition to democracy in South Africa extended civil and political rights and freedoms to all South Africans, there has been disagreement over the preferred nature and scope of social rights within post-apartheid society, reflecting debates over the trajectory of economic policy. Appreciable developmental gains have been made by the state over the last quarter-century, yet the challenges of poverty, unemployment and inequality persist, coupled with mounting popular discontent with the pace of transformation and political accountability. This has led to fundamental questions about social justice, restitution, and the kind of society we wish to promote. Appeals for a more inclusive, transformative social policy have also emerged, arguing that a wider vision of society is required involving multiple government responsibilities and informed by an ethic of equality and social solidarity. Against this background, in this thesis I study the views of the South African public towards economic inequality, general preferences for government-led redistribution, as well as support for social policies intended to promote racial and economic transformation. The research has been guided by several overarching questions: To what extent do South Africans share common general beliefs about material inequality? Does the public exhibit a preference for government redistribution in principle? And how unified or polarised are South Africans in their support for specific redress policies in the country? Responding to these questions has been achieved by drawing on unique, nationally representative data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS), which has enabled me to chart social attitudes over a period of almost fifteen years between late 2003 and early 2017. Use has also been made of social citizenship as a guiding conceptual framework to understanding social policy predispositions and analysing attitudinal change. The results demonstrate that the public is united in its awareness of and deep concern about economic inequality. Since the early 2000s, a significant majority has consistently expressed the view that the income gap in the country is too large, articulated a strong preference for a more equitable social structure, and acknowledged the class and social tensions that economic inequality has produced. There is also a preference for a narrowing of earnings disparities, a more generous minimum wage, and regulatory limits on executive pay. While this suggests a desire for fair and legitimate remuneration, the analysis also reveals that South Africans are willing to tolerate fairly high levels of inequality. Nonetheless, these beliefs are generally interpreted as a desire for a more equitable and fair society. This preference for change is reflected in a fairly strong belief that government should assume responsibility for reducing material disparities. One’s social position, mobility history, awareness of inequality, political leaning and racial attitudes all have a bearing on how weak and strong this predisposition is, but the normative demand for political redistribution remains fairly widely shared irrespective of these individual traits. Greater polarisation is however evident with respect to redistributive social policy, especially measures designed to overcome historical racial injustice (affirmative action, sports quotas, and land reform). These intergroup differences converge considerably when referring to class-based policy measures. One surprising finding is the evidence that South Africa’s youngest generation, the so-called ‘Born Frees’, tend to adopt a similar predisposition to redress policy as older generations, thus confounding expectations of a post-apartheid value change. I conclude by arguing that there seems to be a firmer basis for a social compact about preferences for interventions designed to produce a more just society than is typically assumed. Intractably high levels of economic inequality during the country’s first quarter-century of democracy is resulting in a growing recognition of the need for a stronger policy emphasis on economic inequality in South Africa over coming decades if the vision enshrined in the Freedom Charter and the Constitution is to be realised. South Africans may not be able to fully agree about the specific elements that constitute a socially just response to economic inequality. Yet, the common identification of and concern with redressable injustice, coupled with a broad-based commitment to government redistribution and classbased social policies, could serve as a foundation on which to rekindle the solidaristic spirit of 1994 and forge progress towards a more equitable society.
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Stander, Genevieve Minota. "Class, race and locus of control in democratic South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86528.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rotter’s (1966) locus of control (LOC) is, fundamentally, a theory pertaining to individuals’ perceptions of personal control and their appraisal of the contingency of reinforcements in life. An individual may feel as though he/ she has either no control (external LOC) or ample control (internal LOC) over reinforcements. Due to its expediency, the locus of control construct has garnered much attention since it was first introduced to academia in the late 1960s. While originally positioned within Social Learning Theory, the notion of loci of control has since been appropriated into academic fields such as Medicine and Sociology. This particular study now brings the theory of LOC into the realm of Political Science. Employing World Values Survey (WVS) data collected over three time points (1995, 2001, and 2006) in South Africa; this longitudinal study establishes whether or not self-reported class and/ or race influence LOC by measuring the relationship between these three variables. The extent to which any relationships may be significant is also examined. The data analyses showed that the LOC of South Africans has steadily increased (become more internalised) from 1995 to 2006, and that a significant interaction effect occurs between race and class on LOC in South Africa. It was likewise discovered that class and LOC were highly correlated with each other – the self-reported Lower Class had a notably lower LOC compared to the relatively high LOC of the self-reported Upper Class. It is suggested that improved education levels and social security benefits may have a role in improving individuals’ LOC, especially in the South African context. The results of this study uncover future research avenues into class analyses, particularly studies that seek to understand the psychological dimensions of self-reported class or the psychological antecedents of class mobility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Rotter (1966) se lokus van beheer (LVB) is, fundamenteel, ‘n teorie wat betrekking het tot individueë se persepsies van persoonlike beheer en die waarde wat hul heg aan gebeurlikhede waar versterkings hul voordoen in hul lewens. ‘n Individu mag voel asof hy/sy geen beheer het nie (eksterne LVB) of genoegsame beheer het (interne LVB) oor versterkings. As gevolg van die bruikbaarheid van die term, geniet die lokus van beheer toenemend aandag sedert die bekendstelling daarvan aan academici in die laat 1960s. Die term was aanvanklik geposisioneer in Sosiale Leer Teorie, maar die idee van lokusse van beheer is ook later aangewend in Sosiologiese en Mediese studies. Hierdie studie bring nou die teorie van LVB na Politieke Wetenskap. World Values Study (WVS) data wat versamel is tydens drie opeenvolgende jare (1995, 2001 en 2006) in Suid-Afrika is aangewend as deel van hierdie longitudinale studie om te bepaal of self-geidentifiseerde klas en/of ras ‘n impak het op LVB. Die verhoudinge van hierdie drie veranderlikes, sowel as die beduidendheid van hierdie verhoudings, is ondersoek. Die data analise toon dat die LVB van Suid-Afrikaners bestendig vermeerder het (meer geinternaliseer het) vanaf 1995 tot en met 2006, en dat ‘n noemenswaardige interaksie effek voorkom tussen ras en klas en hul impak op LVB in die Suid-Afrikaanse geval. Daar is eweneens gevind dat klas en LVB hoogs gekorrileerd is vir die aangeduide periode – die self-geidentifiseerde Laer Klas het merkbaar laer LVB in vergelyking met die relatiewe hoë LVB van die self-geidentifiseerde Hoër Klas. Dit word voorgestel dat verbeterde opvoeding vlakke en welsyns voordele ‘n rol speel in die verbetering van individueë se LVB, veral in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Die bevinding van hierdie studie kan gebruik word om toekomstige navorsing met betrekking tot klasverskille te begrond, vernaam studies wat sielkundige dimensies van self-geidentifiseerde klasgroep of die sielkundige bepalers van klas mobiliteit ondersoek.
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Truscott, Ross Brian. "The lived experience of being privileged as a white English-speaking young adult in post-apartheid South Africa: a phenomenological study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9837_1257947190.
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Although transformation processes are making progress in addressing racial inequality in post-apartheid South Africa, white South Africans are, in many repects, still privileged, economically, in terms of access to services, land, education and particularly in the case of English-speaking whites, language. This study is an exploration of everyday situations of inequality as they have been experienced from a position of advantage. As a qualitative, phenomenological study, the aim was to derive the psychological essence of the experience of being privileged as white English-speaking young adult within the context of post-apartheid South African everyday life.
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Robertson, Megan Aimee. "“Real men”, “Proper ladies” and mixing in-between : a qualitative study of social cohesion and discrimination in terms of race and gender within residences at Stellenbosch University." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97085.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: My research is motivated by concerns with promoting „transformation‟ in Stellenbosch University, a formerly white Afrikaans University which is still predominantly white in terms of numbers and proportions of students attending the institution. While I argue about the importance of taking measures to promote more „diverse‟ student populations, I am critical of discourses which equate transformation with „improving‟ demographic profiles defined in terms of numbers of black, white, coloured and Indian students. I argue that understandings of transformation and diversity need to engage with the students‟ views and experiences of the university in order to make meaningful change with regard to social cohesion and integration, which goes beyond statistical change. My research does this by exploring how students from particular residences, in Stellenbosch University, construct and experience university and residence life and their own identifications. The students were interviewed in friendship groups, selected by the students themselves, and a key concern of mine was to facilitate conversations with them on broad themes relating to their reasons for coming to Stellenbosch and their interests, aspirations, motivations, identifications and disidentifications as particular students in particular residences in Stellenbosch. I was particularly concerned to pick up on issues which the students raised in these „focus group discussions‟ so that the students, themselves, played a key role in setting the agenda in the discussion and they and their reflections on their experiences and constructions of themselves and others became the topic of discussion. Rather than taking the group interview as an „instrument‟ (as interviews, like questionnaires, are often described in methods texts in the social sciences), I write about it as ethnographic encounter involving them and myself as participants, and I explore insights about the nature of their friendships and relationships derived from first-hand experience, of how they engage with their selected friends and with me in the research group. Furthermore, by engaging with them as authorities about their lives and identifications as particular kinds of students at Stellenbosch, and posing questions which encouraged them to reflect on these. I argue that this kind of research can itself become a model of good pedagogic and „transformative‟ practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
Books on the topic "Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg"
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United States Catholic Conference. Administrative Board. Statement on South Africa: A statement on South Africa. Washington, D.C: Publishing and Promotion Services, United States Catholic Conference, 1985.
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United States Catholic Conference. Administrative Board. Statement on South Africa: A statement on South Africa. Washington, D.C. (1312 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington 20005-4105): The Conference, 1985.
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The politics of race: Discrimination in South Africa. London: Pluto Press, 1991.
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Bleakness & light: Inner-city transition in Hillbrow, Johannesburg. Johannesburg, South Africa: Witwatersrand University Press, 1999.
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Ginsburg, Rebecca. At home with apartheid: The hidden landscapes of domestic service in Johannesburg. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011.
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City of extremes: The spatial politics of Johannesburg. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
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Ruling by race: Nazi Germany and apartheid South Africa. [Cape Town: Juliette Peires], 2008.
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Dupper, Ockert. Equality in the workplace: Refelections from South Africa and beyond. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta & Co, Ltd., 2009.
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Equality in the workplace: Reflections from South Africa and beyond. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta & Co, Ltd., 2009.
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Adam, Habib, and Bentley Kristina A, eds. Racial redress & citizenship in South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg"
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Burns, Justine. "Race and Social Interactions in Postapartheid South Africa." In Discrimination in an Unequal World, 88–106. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732166.003.0005.
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"After the Excess: Race, Racism and Reconciliation in Contemporary South Africa." In Discrimination and Toleration, 127–39. Brill | Nijhoff, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004479173_011.
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Cosser, Michael. "Race and Opportunity in the Transition from School to Higher Education in South Africa." In Discrimination in an Unequal World, 108–25. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732166.003.0006.
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"5. Servicing a Racial Regime: Gender, Race, and the Public Space of Department Stores in Baltimore, Maryland, and Johannesburg, South Africa, 1940–1970." In Race and Retail, 99–120. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813571720-007.
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Fredman FBA KC, Sandra. "Social Context and Legal Developments." In Discrimination Law, 52—C2P142. 3rd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854081.003.0002.
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Abstract Anti-discrimination law is necessarily a response to particular manifestations of inequality, which are themselves deeply embedded in the historical and political context of a given society. Discrimination laws are only effective if they are moulded to deal with the types of inequalities which have developed in the society to which they refer. The legal framework has, in turn, developed and changed in response to a variety of influences. This chapter examines the challenges in relation to gender, race, ethnicity, and religion. In each case, it considers the historical, political, and social context in the UK (including the EU and ECHR), US, Canada, India, and South Africa and traces the ways in which the legal framework on the right to equality and non-discrimination has evolved to address these challenges. It considers, in particular, the role of patriarchy, slavery, racism, religious intolerance, and their intersections.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. "Colonial Cities: Environment, Space, and Race." In Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.003.0014.
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Colonial cities have dotted our narrative as points on the emerging map of imperial commodity extraction or as centres of transport and administration. In this chapter, the first to adopt a synthetic overview approach, our attention turns specifically to urban zones, their changing role in the emerging spatial and environmental history of empire, and the character of their built environments. Cities will also be a specific focus in discussing the environmentally linked disease of bubonic plague (Chapter 10). Cities transform, sometimes obliterate, nature in their immediate environments. Such urban concentrations have also acted as hinges for the broader process of environmental and social change across large swathes of land described in the first half of this book. Cities, as human creations, sometimes seem to have ‘broken from nature’. Yet the rise of many colonial cities was intimately connected with the changing relationships between people and nature in the regions they touched. We will argue that their environmental boot-prints were varied and hybrid in character, but in part moulded by specifically British planning and styles. British trade, shipping, and planning helped to plant the kernel of new cities across the globe. Of the fifty largest cities in the world by the early twenty-first century, fifteen had at least partial roots in the British Empire, and if US cities founded in the colonial period are included (New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington), the total is nineteen. British imperialism may not, alone, have been ‘the greatest creator of towns’ but urbanism was surely one of ‘the most lasting of the British imperial legacies’. Nine of those fifteen are in areas of South Asia which fell under British control; three—Cairo, Lagos, and Johannesburg—are in Africa. Imperialism also contributed to the rise of British ports and manufacturing towns, and the growth of London. London was the largest city in the world at the height of the British Empire between the 1820s, when it overtook Beijing, and 1925, when it was overtaken by New York. Its population expanded from about 1.3 million in 1825 to a height of nearly 9 million around 1950.
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Giladi, Rotem. "Picking Battles." In The Battle for International Law, 216–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849636.003.0010.
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Race is one of the more ubiquitous, yet least explored, shifts in twentieth-century international law. From law that was founded in key areas and concepts on racial distinctions, international law quickly came to denounce various manifestations of race theories and racial discrimination. The establishment of the UN reflected a racialized understanding of the international society assumptions of the League of Nations mandate system. The 1948 Universal Declaration addressed entitlement to human rights without distinction of race, yet the Genocide Convention extended protection to racial (identity of) minority groups. In South Africa, race policies provided both the impetus and multiple occasions for formulating claims about a new, de-racialized international law from 1946 onwards. At these struggles against apartheid, binary political confrontations could take form as competing visions of international law, both old and new. This chapter charts the sites of contestation over apartheid and its effects on international law.
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Demas, Lane. "Guns in their Golf Bags." In Game of Privilege. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634227.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses golf and black militant movements in the late 1960s and 1970s, exploring how American black nationalist leaders and anticolonial movements in the Caribbean and Africa appropriated the symbolism of black golfers. Popular magazines like Jet and Ebony celebrated black players, organizations sponsored black golf tours throughout the African Diaspora, and a new generation of professionals—led by Lee Elder—more directly confronted racism in the PGA and sought access to its most exclusive enclaves. Meanwhile, the ongoing internationalization of the civil rights movement placed golf squarely within global debates over race and racial discrimination. The game’s popularity in South Africa and Rhodesia made it a target of the antiapartheid movement, especially as more African-born white professionals—like star Gary Player—traveled to play in PGA events. While fans have long been interested in Muhammad Ali’s popularity in Africa or the black protests surrounding the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, they have overlooked golf as a cite of militancy. Coinciding with Ali’s famous 1974 trip to Zaire, Elder’s trips to Africa—including his confrontations with apartheid at South African golf tournaments—and his integration of the Masters Golf Tournament in 1975 are just two examples.
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Clarke, Colin. "Conclusion." In Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.003.0017.
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This conclusion reconsiders the various themes depicted by spatial and longitudinal analysis, and reflects on the use of spatial and aspatial census data to construct the social geography of Kingston since sovereignty. In particular, the conclusion returns to the imposition of structural adjustment by the IMF-World Bank; the formal/informal split in employment; the persistent housing deficit; the demise of colour/race segregation and the enduring significance of class and pluralism in the social stratification; and the ghetto as a locale of deprivation and violence, as well as of creole creativity. Kingston is no longer the colour–class segregated entity that it was at independence, but it is broken, in a post-modern sense, into variegated micro-worlds of achievement and defeat, danger and safety, often spatially proximate or even juxtaposed. But Kingston is not unique. It is comparable in its employment and housing problems to adjacent Latin American cities that have experienced structural adjustment over the last twenty to twenty-five years, and to an even wider range of post-colonial cities that are undergoing rapid political or economic transformation, including globalization. Two obvious comparators are São Paulo in Brazil, which has suffered income polarization, and the massive growth of its informal settlements since the democratization of the military regime in the 1980s, and the cities of South Africa, where apartheid provided the basis for segregation on a massive scale until the early 1990s. Furthermore, São Paulo, Johannesburg, and Kingston have violent crime records among the worst in the developing world, largely because social polarization is rooted in class/race difference and deprivation. The conclusion turns first to the value of long-run census analysis, before it reviews the book’s major findings, considers Kingston’s place in a wider world, and assesses Kingston’s decolonization. This book has focused on issues of social development and spatial change covering the late-colonial and post-sovereignty periods in Kingston, and has drawn heavily on the census information covering the period 1943 to 1991. The 1943 census was carried out to provide statistical information essential for population registration prior to the first general election based on adult suffrage in 1944, and is regarded as the first modern census.
Conference papers on the topic "Race discrimination – South Africa – Johannesburg"
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Perumal, Juliet, and Andrea Dawson. "Racial Dynamics at an Independent South African Educational Institution." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002671.
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Historically, education in South Africa has been beset by inequality. Over the last few decades, however, the landscape of South African government schooling has evolved considerably since its distinctive, racially-defined origins. This is largely due to reforms in the education sector, which played a key role in attempting to redress the injustices of the Apartheid system. Since its inception in 1929, the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa (ISASA) has envisioned a value-based and quality education for all learners, irrespective of race, creed or culture. Thus, the media exposure in 2020, which revealed the prevalence of racist practices in approximately 26 prominent independent schools in South Africa was startling, as these discriminatory acts contradicted the vision of ISASA. One such school, which came into the spotlight was Excel College* (pseudonym), an independent school in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In response to the accusations, the school management launched an immediate investigation to address the allegations of racial discrimination against its students of colour. A whole-school Racial Intervention Programme (referred to as RDI – Respect, Diversity and Inclusivity) was designed and implemented early in 2021. This qualitative study, which comprised eight student leaders, sought to investigate how these student leaders experienced the intervention programme. The study sought to explore student leaders’ perceptions of the rationale behind the implementation of the Racial Intervention Programme (RIP), and of the racial climate in their school, and how they felt about the allegations of racism levelled against their school. The study further sought to investigate the extent to which student leaders felt their experience of the RIP had sensitised them to the need to promote racial inclusivity in their school. Data for the study were collected by conducting individual, online semi-structured interviews, using participants’ diaries, and holding a Focus Group session. The study drew on the tenets of the Critical Race Theory (De La Garza & Ono, 2016; Delgado & Stefançic, 2000; Dixon & Rousseau, 2006; Gillborn, 2015) and Paulo Freire’s conception of Critical Consciousness (1970). Proponents of the Critical Race Theory argue that race is neither a naturally nor biologically grounded feature of human beings; but rather, a socially constructed and culturally invented category that is used to oppress and exploit people of colour. Freire’s Critical Consciousness involves identifying contradictions in the experiences of others, through dialogue to contribute to change. The study confirmed that there were allegations of racism at the school, and that many of the students had been victims of – or had witnessed – an act of racial discrimination. Despite overwhelming support for RIP, the initiative was criticised for moving slowly, being teacher-centric and syllabus-driven; and that initially, it did not appreciate students’ contribution. However, during the seven weeks of the programme (which this study reports on), participants reported grasping the purpose of the programme – which was to encourage courageous conversations about inclusion, exclusion, racism and diversity.
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Williams, Titus, Gregory Alexander, and Wendy Setlalentoa. "SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS’ AWARENESS OF THE INTERTWINESS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOL SETTINGS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end037.
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This qualitative study is an exploration of final year Social Science education students awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science as a subject and the role of social justice in the classroom of a democratic South Africa. This study finds that South African Social Science teachers interpret or experience the teaching of Social Science in various ways. In the South African transitional justice environment, Social Science education had to take into account the legacies of the apartheid-era schooling system and the official history narrative that contributed to conflict in South Africa. Throughout the world, issues of social justice and equity are becoming a significant part of everyday discourse in education and some of these themes are part of the Social Science curriculum. Through a qualitative research methodology, data was gathered from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions with three groups of five teacher education students in two of the groups and the third having ten participants from the same race, in their final year, specializing in Social Science teaching. The data obtained were categorised and analysed in terms of the student teacher’s awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science and social justice education. The results of the study have revealed that participants had a penchant for the subject Social Science because it assisted them to have a better understanding of social justice and the unequal society they live in; an awareness of social ills, and the challenges of people. Participants identified social justice characteristics within Social Science and relate to some extent while they were teaching the subject, certain themes within the Social Science curriculum. Findings suggest that the subject Social Science provides a perspective as to why social injustice and inequality are so prevalent in South Africa and in some parts of the world. Social Science content in its current form and South African context, emanates from events and activities that took place in communities and in the broader society, thus the linkage to social justice education. This study recommends different approaches to infuse social justice considerations Social Science; one being an empathetic approach – introducing activities to assist learners in viewing an issue from someone else’s perspective, particularly when issues of prejudice or discrimination against a particular group arise, or if the issue is remote from learners’ lives.