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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Race discrimination

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Academic literature on the topic 'Race discrimination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Tomkins, Alan J. "Race discrimination." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 10, no. 2 (1992): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370100202.

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Krasotkina, Anna, Antonia Götz, Barbara Höhle, and Gudrun Schwarzer. "Infants’ Gaze Patterns for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces, and the Other-Race Effect." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060331.

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The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one’s own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants’ looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation–dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants’ gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants’ ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.

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Yang, Philip Q. "Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 5 (June 15, 2021): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211006486.

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This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

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Furreed, Ralph, and Merthyr Tydfil. "Race and sex discrimination." Nursing Standard 11, no. 48 (August 20, 1997): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.11.48.10.s21.

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Reskin, Barbara. "The Race Discrimination System." Annual Review of Sociology 38, no. 1 (August 11, 2012): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145508.

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Brown, Colin. "Race relations and discrimination." Policy Studies 11, no. 2 (June 1990): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879008423568.

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Dimond, Bridgit. "Step 51: Race discrimination." British Journal of Midwifery 11, no. 3 (March 2003): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2003.11.3.11124.

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MEAD, GEOFFREY H. "SEX AND RACE DISCRIMINATION." Industrial Law Journal 17, no. 1 (1988): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/17.1.188.

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Daniels, Shanna, and LaDonna M. Thornton. "Race and workplace discrimination." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-06-2018-0105.

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Purpose Drawing upon theories of modern discrimination, the present study focuses on cyber incivility and interpersonal incivility as mechanisms through which race leads to perceived discrimination. Participants included 408 full-time working adults who responded to an online survey. The results indicate that Non-White employees experience subtle forms of discrimination through the use of e-mail, which accentuate the need for organizations to eradicate workplace mistreatment so that their employees can avoid the adverse outcomes associated with experiencing cyber incivility. The purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of selective incivility and concludes with directions for future research and practical implications. Design/methodology/approach Participants included 408 full-time working adults who responded to the survey online. Findings The results indicate that race was indirectly associated with discrimination through cyber incivility. The results indicate that Non-White employees experience subtle forms of discrimination through the use of technology and cyber space which accentuate the need for organizations to eradicate workplace incivility so that their employees can evade the adverse outcomes associated with experiencing incivility at work. Research limitations/implications This study extends the understanding of selective incivility and concludes with directions for future research and practical implications. Originality/value This paper is the first to explore the relationship between race, cyber incivility and discrimination.

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Lang, Kevin, and Ariella Kahn-Lang Spitzer. "Race Discrimination: An Economic Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.2.68.

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We review the empirical literature in economics on discrimination in the labor market and criminal justice system, focusing primarily on discrimination by race. We then discuss theoretical models of taste-based discrimination, particularly models of frictional labor markets and models of statistical discrimination, including recent work on invalid statistical discrimination. We explore and evaluate the evidence for and against these theories. Although there is substantial evidence of the existence of discrimination, little is known about the extent to which disparities are driven by discrimination. Finally, we argue that economists miss the important self-enforcing relationship between disparities and discrimination and the effect of disparities in one domain on discrimination in other domains.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Guyaz, Alexandre. "L'incrimination de la discrimination raciale." Berne : Editions Staempli, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38107369.html.

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Byron, Reginald Anthony. "Disposable Workers: Race, Gender, and Firing Discrimination." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1248449595.

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Williams, David R., Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey L. Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal, and Dan J. Stein. "Perceived Discrimination, Race and Health in South Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8029.

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To assess the levels of perceived acute and chronic racial and non-racial discrimination in South Africa, their association with health, and the extent to which they contribute to racial differences in physical and mental health, data were used from a national probability sample of adults, the South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). All Black groups in South Africa (African, Coloured and Indian) were two to four times more likely than Whites to report acute and chronic experiences of racial discrimination. Africans and Coloureds report higher levels of ill health than Whites, but acute and chronic racial discrimination were unrelated to ill health and unimportant in accounting for racial differences in self-rated health. In contrast, all Black groups had higher levels of psychological distress than Whites, and perceived chronic discrimination was positively associated with distress. Moreover, these experiences accounted for some of the residual racial differences in distress after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Our main findings indicate that, in a historically racialized society, perceived chronic racial and especially non-racial discrimination acts independently of demographic factors, other stressors, psychological factors (social desirability, self-esteem and personal mastery), and multiple SES indicators to adversely affect mental health.

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Richert, Jennifer Kathleen. "Changing attitudes Congressional rhetoric, race, & educational inequalities /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07182007-152948/.

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Reitman, Meredith Adrienne. "Race in the workplace : meritocracy, whiteness and belonging /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5661.

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McInerney, Siobhán Alice. "A model for combating race discrimination within EU law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c27a5c2f-5300-4a12-bed2-8913cf4ad4db.

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Values are operative in all of human rights law. That is an organizing principle of the entirety of this work. I have endevoured to remain true to a self-consciously value-orientated approach to elaborating a model against race discrimination in EU law, and 1 have made no attempt to disguise the substantive values which underpin it, or the commitment to protect fundamental human rights above market goals. While values are controversial, and while reasonable people will disagree on their application, it is submitted that attempting an articulation and exploration of those at work in antidiscrimination law is essential. Values are not, however, plucked from the abstract, and this is how context introduces itself, and remains central to this work. Context is viewed as determinative of values, and therefore of laws and their application. Chapter II offers a contextual definition of race and racism, looking to how a contextualised approach forces us to go beyond formalistic categorise and assumptions of objectivity in anti-discrimination law. The hope is that by freeing our legal conceptions of these categories, we may more fully appraise the extent of discrimination in context, and allow for more progressive strategies to combating it. Chapter III follows from the theoretic position established in Chapter II, looking to various aspects of the 'European context,' its history of immigration and the constitution of its diverse population. This chapter describes the political climate that prevails today and the rise of the extreme right in the past decade, as well as the social and economic consequences of racism in context. It examines also the emergence of 'Eurocentrism' as a new form of ethnocentrism specific to Europe, and partially reinforced by EU law. Chapter IV also relies on the contextual approach of Chapter 11 but applies it to a legal context. It examines the legal context of race discrimination in EU law, with special emphasis on the legal construction of race through the distinction between EU Nationals and Third Country Nationals. This discussion traces the roots of that foundational distinction to Member State laws and looks to the ways in which EU law has replicated and amplified it, and more importantly, to the ways in which it supports a racialised or even racist construct. The focus of this discussion is therefore de jure discrimination which effects race discrimination and how EU law participates in constructing racial Other. Chapter V concerns the corollary de facto discrimination affecting all minorities residing in the EU, but highlights this discrimination as the 'central case' because it afflicts minority EU citizens in the exercise of their EU law rights: in this way it is about insiders who are treated as Other. This chapter examines discriminatory contexts as they are reinforced by aspects of EU law, and as they generate an EU obligation to act from within EU law itself. Chapter VI is a theoretic excursus, which considers the multitude of choices which the anti-discrimination law may embody, dividing these into two basic poles: the liberal perspective and the alternative perspective. A number of central substantive tenets of anti-discrimination law are analysed from the perspective of these two poles. The second part of the chapter applies this theoretic modality to EU law, again considering substantive tenets in EU law in the light of the two poles of anti-discrimination law, with special emphasis on Article 13 and the new Race Directive. A final part of this chapter considers form and the adequacy of the current EU law anti-discrimination model in the light of other existing models. Chapter VII builds on Chapter VI but looks 'behind' the poles that present themselves in EU law, to the normative justifications and aims of anti-discrimination laws. Once again, this issue presents a multitude of choices. This chapter focuses on one such choice involving two distinct orientations in EU law: the Single Market and fundamental human rights. These are considered in tum as justifications for action against race discrimination, and it is argued that a balance between them is needed in EU law. Beyond that mutually defining coexistence, it is also argued that where they are irreconcilable, the normative prioritisation should favour fundamental human rights. An overarching theme of this work is the acknowledgment of the centrality of context and the duality of anti-discrimination law in terms of theoretic models, substantive choices and normative justification and aims. Acknowledging these offers a stronger model for combating discrimination in novel and sui generis contexts, such as the legal context of the EU, allowing us transcend existing legal models in search of more effective synergies. EU law cannot combat race discrimination without acknowledging the sui generis nature of its social and legal contexts and the politics and norms at work at all its levels, or without recognising the specific challenges presented by an economic law burgeoning fundamental rights provisions, or by the sheer diversity of standards and traditions and legal rules that exist within its boundaries.

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Gumataotao-Lowe, Catalina San Nicolas. "Institutional racism in higher education : perceptions of people of color /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7888.

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Paradies, Yin Carl. "Race, racism, stress and indigenous health /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002514.

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Pierce, Kathleen Priscilla. "Asymmetrical perceptions of group-based employment disparities differences in subjective evaluations of advantage-based and disadvantage-based discrimination /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150217547.

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Varghese, Anita Jenkins Sharon Rae. "Perceived racial discrimination and psychiatric outcomes among Asian Americans." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12210.

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Books on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Race discrimination. London: Incomes Data Services, 1996.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Race discrimination. London: Incomes Data Services, 1993.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Race discrimination. London: Incomes Data Services, 1990.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Race discrimination. London: Incomes Data Services, 1999.

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Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality., ed. Race discrimination law report. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.

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Grewal, Harjit. The race discrimination handbook. London: Sphere Reference, 1988.

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Services, Incomes Data, ed. Race and religion discrimination. London: Incomes Data Services, 2004.

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Great Britain. Commission for Racial Equality., ed. Race discrimination law report. London: Commission for Racial Equality, 1990.

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Owen, Claire. Racial discrimination. Cambridge: Independence, 2009.

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Healey, Justin. Racial discrimination. Thirroul, N.S.W: Spinney Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Banks, Patricia A. "Discrimination." In Race, Ethnicity, and Consumption, 116–56. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315121147-6.

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Shin, Patrick. "Discrimination and Race." In The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Discrimination, 196–206. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge handbooks in applied ethics: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315681634-20.

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Goulbourne, Harry. "Outlawing Racial Discrimination." In Race Relations in Britain Since 1945, 100–122. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26962-4_5.

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Horne, David K. "Mortgage Lending, Race, and Model Specification." In Discrimination in Financial Services, 43–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6147-7_4.

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Bell, Derrick. "Critical Race Theory." In Understanding Racism: Theories of Oppression and Discrimination, 107–20. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071818671.n8.

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Sharpe, Rhonda Vonshay. "Race and Gender." In Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4016-9_29-1.

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Sharpe, Rhonda Vonshay. "Race and Gender." In Handbook on Economics of Discrimination and Affirmative Action, 407–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4166-5_29.

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Banerjee, Subrato. "Race Discrimination: Evolution and Economic Impact." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69625-6_20-1.

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Banerjee, Subrato. "Race Discrimination: Evolution and Economic Impact." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 731–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95714-2_20.

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Fibbi, Rosita, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, and Patrick Simon. "Combatting Discrimination." In IMISCOE Research Series, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_7.

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AbstractThere is a large variety of policies and actions contributing to tackling discrimination against immigrants and ethno-racial minorities, and countries vary greatly in their strategies to tackle ethnic and racial discrimination. This chapter distinguishes between three main types of measures – antidiscrimination legislation, affirmative action and other equal opportunity policies, and tools for promoting diversity – and describe their origins as well as whether they are implemented in different contexts. The chapter also reviews studies that have aimed at assessing the effectiveness of measures to combat discrimination and concludes by pointing out the necessity of statistics broken down by ethnicity or race to uncover unfair treatment and disadvantage faced by minorities.

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Conference papers on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Gaias, Larissa. "Early Elementary Educators' Responses to Race- and Gender-Based Discrimination." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1587821.

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Peng, Jackie. "Raising Mixed Kids in the 'Burbs: Mixed-Race Families Navigating Race, Identity, and Discrimination in Suburban Schools." In AERA 2024. USA: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.24.2141689.

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Haj Mohamad, T., C. A. Kitio Kwuimy, and C. Nataraj. "Discrimination of Multiple Faults in Bearings Using Density-Based Orthogonal Functions of the Time Response." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68375.

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This study investigates the use of the mapped density of time response using orthogonal functions to detect single and multiple faults in rolling element bearings. The method is based on constructing the density of a single time response of the system by using orthogonal functions. The coefficients of the orthogonal functions create the feature vector in order to discriminate between different rolling element bearing faults. The method does not require preprocessing of the data, noise reduction, or feature selection. This method has been applied to vibration data of different bearing conditions at rotational speeds ranging from 300 rpm to 3000 rpm. These conditions include a healthy bearing, and bearings with defects in inner race, outer race, combination of inner race and outer race and rolling element. The results have shown remarkable detection efficiency in the case of a single and two bearing fault configurations. In general, for all bearing configurations, the approach has high performance in detecting defective conditions. These results indicate that using the mapped density to characterize the system under different conditions has considerable potential in bearing diagnostics.

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Brown, C. E., R. A. Engelberg, and J. R. Curtis. "A Race Conscious Approach Toward Investigation of Discrimination in Racially Marginalized Patients with Serious Illness." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a2370.

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Trinh, Loc, and Yan Liu. "An Examination of Fairness of AI Models for Deepfake Detection." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/79.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that deep learning models can discriminate based on protected classes like race and gender. In this work, we evaluate bias present in deepfake datasets and detection models across protected subgroups. Using facial datasets balanced by race and gender, we examine three popular deepfake detectors and find large disparities in predictive performances across races, with up to 10.7% difference in error rate between subgroups. A closer look reveals that the widely used FaceForensics++ dataset is overwhelmingly composed of Caucasian subjects, with the majority being female Caucasians. Our investigation of the racial distribution of deepfakes reveals that the methods used to create deepfakes as positive training signals tend to produce ``irregular" faces - when a person’s face is swapped onto another person of a different race or gender. This causes detectors to learn spurious correlations between the foreground faces and fakeness. Moreover, when detectors are trained with the Blended Image (BI) dataset from Face X-Rays, we find that those detectors develop systematic discrimination towards certain racial subgroups, primarily female Asians.

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Taiwo, OT, BB Boekeloo, CB Bell, and MW Wang. "P83 Social determinants of inflammation: moderated mediation of the relationship between race-gender, inflammation, daily discrimination, financial strain, and education." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.175.

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Marcucci, Olivia. "A Case Study in Private Education: Interrogating How a Private School Enables or Disrupts Race, Gender, and Class-Based Discrimination." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1882436.

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Pimenta, Jucilane Costa, and Pablo Yuri Ferreira Silva. "Race relations in Brazil and the construction of black identity in the educational scenario." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-139.

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In this article we present some reflections on racial issues that permeate society in the 21st century, after 134 years of the abolition of slavery. In view of recent statistical data that prove how unequal the paths experienced by black people are compared to the paths of white people in political, economic and social circles. The problematization of racial relations has progressively expanded in Brazilian society in the last decade, as well as debates on the subject. This problematization involves both the daily practices of these relationships, clashes and political actions, and the conceptual constructions related to them. We experience several social differences, and racism is the basis for understanding the social inequalities that still embarrass Brazilian society. The unacceptable distances that still separate blacks from whites, in the middle of the 21st century, which reflect on unequal access to goods and services, the job market, higher education, as well as the enjoyment of civil, social and economic rights. The racial practice affects the subjectivity of human beings, that is, in the construction of their identity. Dialogue about racism or any racial issue is still a challenge. Seeking to discuss, demystify white cultural attitudes, which are factually rationalized by a dominant and oppressive group, which nowadays have undergone modifications, is an obstacle to be faced, since, for the most part, discrimination is camouflaged.

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Matsubayashi, Kazuo. "Cause of Housing Segregation: Result of Public Policies?" In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.85.

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In many large American cities there is a growing phenomenon of the housing segregation between the rich, the poor and the middle class. This paper points out that such segregation is often caused by the public policies encouraging free market real estate development. The result is a disturbing urban condition in which it is geography of the power is directly reflective of housing locations. Such a condition contradicts the American ideal of democracy. This paper addressed the following factors which cause housing segregation; freeways, property tax deduction, zoning and ordinance, housing as a speculative investment commodity, and race and gender discrimination. The paper claims that the capitalism market system cannot remedy the problem, believes that every one is entitled to decent housing, and suggests that any solution will need to accommodate drastic non-capitalism strategies.

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Griffin, Elizabeth. "The Legacy of Discrimination." In Accelerating the Rate of Astronomical Discovery. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.099.0018.

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Reports on the topic "Race discrimination"

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Neumark, David, and Wendy Stock. The Effects of Race and Sex Discrimination Laws. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8215.

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Hartley, Curtis, and Allyson Kelley. Lessons in Critical Race Theory. Allyson Kelley & Associates PLLC, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62689/hgzcul.

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Racism and discrimination are the root causes of health disparities in our world. Most schools of public health fail to address these issues. Critical Race Theory (CRT) is a viable framework for exploring how racial bias is reinforced at various levels in our society and how privilege differs based on race. Health promotion pedagogy informed by CRT and social justice can be an opportunity to explore relationships, social cohesion, and promote health equity. This paper describes and explores how an undergraduate/graduate public health instructor and students at the University of North Carolina Greensboro presented materials and speakers that influenced how students perceived racism and discrimination as a public health problem. Students learned about perspective, privilege, and positionality during guest interviews throughout the class. Excerpts of student essays presented in this paper demonstrate how college health courses like this one can transform, change, heal, and connect students with a world that dismantles racism and promotes health equity and justice for all. Teaching public health and social justice requires a different teaching approach and unique content developed in an authentic way from individuals with lived experience of social justice issues. Elevating CRT as a framework and giving voice to the historically minoritized and marginalized must be the goal of transformative pedagogy in health promotion. Now is the time.

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Buraschi, Daniel, Natalia Oldano, and Dirk Godenau. How do migrants in Tenerife experience discrimination? Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2022.02.

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The Tenerife Immigration Observatory has conducted a study that shows that discrimination is a common experience for many migrants living in Tenerife. The discrimination they experience varies based on the continent of origin, with the population of African origin expressing the highest levels of discrimination. Other important variables that correlate with origin are race, religion, and social class. The population that identifies as Arab or black/African, the Muslim population, and lower-class individuals are those who report the highest rates of discrimination.

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Campbell, Eryn, Jeffrey Czajkowski, Stacey Mitchell, Connie Roland, Eric Nordman, and Paul Tetrault. Milestones in racial discrimination within the insurance sector. Center for Insurance Policy and Research, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52227/21221.2020.

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Created as a supplement for the NAIC's online Summer National Meeting's Special Session on Race & Insurance (Aug. 2020), this document provides an overview and historical context on issues of racial and discriminatory practices in insurance. Also incuded are references and resources for the reader's further review and research.

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Krueger, Alan, Jesse Rothstein, and Sarah Turner. Race, Income, and College in 25 Years: The Continuing Legacy of Segregation and Discrimination. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11445.

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Riedel, Robert G., and II. Does Reported Discrimination in the Military Impact Organizational Factors Differently for Gender, Race, and Rank. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada359177.

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McGinnity, Frances, Emma Quinn, Evie McCullough, Shannen Enright, and Sarah Curristan. Measures to combat racial discrimination and promote diversity in the labour market: a review of evidence. ESRI, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat110.

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Racial discrimination in this report is understood to mean ‘any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin’ (ICERD, Article 1). Discrimination is distinct from racial prejudice (an attitude) and stereotypes (beliefs). Discrimination can be damaging to both individuals’ life chances and their wellbeing, as well as to society (OECD, 2013; Fibbi et al., 2021). Yet discrimination is difficult to measure accurately. It is also challenging to devise measures to combat discriminatory behaviour and promote diversity. This report reviews international literature on racial discrimination in the labour market and the effectiveness of measures to combat it. The aim is to distil the evidence into a short report to inform measures addressing discrimination in the labour market, including the current development of the National Action Plan Against Racism. The focus is on specific measures that can be implemented now to address current racial discrimination in the labour market.

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Lahey, Joanna, and Douglas Oxley. Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-field Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25357.

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Elías, Julio, Lucas Ronconi, and Víctor Elías. Discrimination and Social Networks: Popularity among High School Students in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011263.

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The objective of this paper is to better understand peer popularity during adolescence and detect discrimination. The paper subsequently explores how student's characteristics affect their popularity. It is found that physically attractive students and with high academic performance are highly ranked by their peers, but the former effect is only significant in mixed schools, suggesting that is primarily driven by mating. Other traits, such as skin color, nationality and parental socioeconomic background do not affect peer popularity, although ethnic origin and parental education are statistically significant in some specifications. The findings are informative about discrimination in the school system. In particular, it appears that the unequal treatment based on race, wealth and nationality found in other social environments in Argentina is not observed among adolescents attending school.

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Cuevas, Adolfo. Exploring Four Barriers Experienced by African Americans in Healthcare: Perceived Discrimination, Medical Mistrust, Race Discordance, and Poor Communication. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.615.

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