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Journal articles on the topic 'Rabbit control'
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1
Ross, J., R. J. C. Page, A. K. Nadian, and S. D. Langton. "The development of a carbon monoxide producing cartridge for rabbit control." Wildlife Research 25, no. 3 (1998): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97012.
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A new method of rabbit control has been developed using carbon monoxide generated by ignition of a cartridge containing sodium nitrate, charcoal and zinc oxide. Ignition of cartridges inside the entrances of an unoccupied artificial rabbit warren showed that carbon monoxide dispersed poorly through the warren and diffused out of the warren within 3–4 hours. Wind speed and direction markedly affected the distribution and persistence of carbon monoxide. Nevertheless, concentrations of carbon monoxide within most of the warren were sufficiently high to render rabbits rapidly insensible, but in some deeper parts of the warren, they remained at low levels, unlikely to have any effect on rabbits. Field trials showed that treatment of rabbit warrens with carbon monoxide cartridges (79 ± 10.8% kill) was as effective as treatment with cyanide powder (78 ± 11.9% kill), and suggested that rabbits were quickly rendered insensible. Therefore the technique shows considerable promise as an effective, safe and relatively humane method of rabbit control.
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Foran, BD, WA Low, and BW Strong. "The Response of Rabbit Populations and Vegetation to Rabbit Control on a Calcareous Shrubby Grassland in Central Australia." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850237.
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The effect of rabbit control methods on rabbit populations and subsequent changes in vegetation were assessed over 2 years on a calcareous shrubby grassland in central Australia. Warren ripping and fumigating decreased mean population levels to four rabbits per kilometre of spotlight transect, and 1080 poisoning decreased mean levels to 9 km-1, compared to the untreated levels of 20 km-l. Release of European rabbit fleas did not have any significant effect on rabbit populations. In the untreated rabbit populations, 68% of the fluctuation in numbers was accounted for by total rainfalls in the previous summer and the previous winter, and by a forage greenness rating. Experimental control of rabbits combined with exclosures indicated that grazing by high numbers of rabbits reduced the frequency of Enneapogon spp. at one site whereas levels rose in all other sites during the two years of good rainfall. The frequency of several species, such as Chenopodium cristatum, Phyllanthus rhytidospermus and Portulaca oleracea, was highly correlated with rabbit density in the previous year, suggesting that rabbit grazing promotes their increase. Grazing'by rabbits alone depressed standing biomass in the following season by 300 kg ha-1 from a maximum 1200 kg ha-1 within the exclosures. Cattle grazing further decreased biomass by 150 kg ha-1. Seedlings of Acacia kempeana were almost absent in those areas open to rabbit grazing, but they were reasonably dense where rabbits were excluded. However, the vegetation response over the 2 years of experiment was due mainly to seasonal changes rather than rabbit control, and does not justify the expense of rabbit control at this stage. Substantial improvement in vegetation composition over the longer term may alter this conclusion.
3
Twigg, Laurie E., Garry S. Gray, Marion C. Massam, Tim J. Lowe, Winifred Kirkpatrick, Gerard Bendotti, and David R. Chester. "Evaluation of bait stations for control of urban rabbits." Wildlife Research 28, no. 3 (2001): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99114.
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The acceptability of four different bait station designs (drum, slab, tyre, corrugated iron) to rabbits was tested in the field using unpoisoned oat bait. The drum (200 L, cut longitudinally) and the raised concrete slab (60 × 60 cm) designs were the most acceptable to rabbits. The raised tyre design was unacceptable, and this was supported by later field efficacy trials that compared the drum and tyre designs using 1080 One-shot oats. The efficacy of three of these designs (drum, slab, tyre) against ‘urban’ rabbits was assessed more fully using pindone oat bait. The tyre stations were again found to have little impact on rabbit numbers. With the exception of one drum site where pindone bait stations were totally ineffective, the proportional reductions in rabbit numbers for the remaining sites were similar between the drum (69%, n = 3) and slab (70%, n = 5) designs. However, the slab design provided much easier access to bait by non-target species (particularly birds), and we therefore recommend that the drum design would be the best bait station for controlling rabbits. The overall proportional reduction in rabbit numbers achieved with pindone bait stations was 48% (range 0–80%, n = 13), which is less than that usually achieved during broadacre control programs with pindone (60–90+%). In addition, these kills took 30–60 days to achieve, and as rabbit damage still occurred over this period, the use of pindone bait stations did not always result in damage mitigation or, ultimately, an economic benefit. Some potential problems associated with the use of pindone bait stations, such as the possibility of the development of ‘resistance’ to pindone bait and the risk to non-target species, are also discussed. The combined use of track counts and a ‘digs’ index proved a reliable indicator of changes in rabbit abundance.
4
Strive, Tanja, and Tarnya E. Cox. "Lethal biological control of rabbits – the most powerful tools for landscape-scale mitigation of rabbit impacts in Australia." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.016.
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ABSTRACT The viral biocontrol agents Myxoma virus (MYXV) and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV1), released in 1950 and 1996 respectively, are the only control tools to have resulted in significant and lasting landscape-scale suppression of rabbit populations in Australia. Multiple conservation benefits and significant economic savings have resulted from the long-term and widespread reductions in rabbit numbers and impacts. In an effort to ‘boost’ rabbit biocontrol, an additional variant of RHDV1 ('K5') was recently released nationwide to counteract the decreasing effectiveness of both RHDV1 and MYXV that results from the evolutionary ‘arms race’ between viruses and their hosts. Two years prior to the K5 release, an exotic RHDV strain (RHDV2) appeared in Australia. The commercially available vaccine used to protect pet and farmed rabbits against the officially released K5 was ineffective against the exotic RHDV2, resulting in numerous deaths of domestic rabbits. This created substantial confusion about which strain was released as a biocontrol tool, as well as renewed concerns amongst pet rabbit owners and rabbit farmers about the use of viruses as lethal rabbit control tools in general. Ongoing effective control of wild rabbits in Australia is absolutely essential to protect the substantial conservation gains made by the long-term suppression of rabbit numbers over the past decades, and there is currently no alternative population control tool to achieve this at the required landscape scale. Vaccine formulations need updating to protect non-target farmed and pet rabbits from circulating field variants, including RHDV2, and to increase public acceptance for the ongoing use of viral biocontrol for feral rabbit populations.
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Berman, D., M. Brennan, and P. Elsworth. "How can warren destruction by ripping control European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on large properties in the Australian arid zone?" Wildlife Research 38, no. 1 (2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09178.
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Context For over 100 years, control efforts have been unable to stop rabbits causing damage to cattle production and native plants and animals on large properties in arid parts of Australia. Warren destruction by ripping has shown promise, but doubts about long-term success and the perceived expense of treating vast areas have led to this technique not being commonly used. Aims This study measured the long-term reduction in rabbit activity and calculated the potential cost saving associated with treating just the areas where rabbits are believed to survive drought. We also considered whether ripping should be used in a full-scale rabbit control program on a property where rabbits have been exceptionally resilient to the influence of biological and other control measures. Methods Rabbits were counted along spotlight transects before warrens were ripped and during the two years after ripping, in treated and untreated plots. Rabbit activity was recorded to determine the immediate and long-term impact of ripping, up to seven years after treatment. The costs of ripping warrens within different distances from drought refuge areas were calculated. Key results Destroying rabbit warrens by ripping caused an immediate reduction in rabbit activity and there were still 98% fewer rabbits counted by spotlight in ripped plots five months after ripping. Seven years after ripping no active warrens were found in ripped plots, whereas 57% of warrens in unripped plots showed signs of rabbit activity. The cost of ripping only the areas where rabbits were likely to seek refuge from drought was calculated to be less than 4% of the cost of ripping all warrens on the property. Conclusions Destroying rabbit warrens by ripping is a very effective way of reducing rabbit numbers on large properties in arid Australia. Ripping should commence in areas used by rabbits to survive drought. It is possible that no further ripping will be required. Implications Strategic destruction of warrens in drought refuge areas could provide an alternative to biological control for managing rabbits on large properties in the Australian arid zone.
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Cooke, B. D., J. L. Chapuis, V. Magnet, A. Lucas, and J. Kovaliski. "Potential use of myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus to control feral rabbits in the Kerguelen Archipelago." Wildlife Research 31, no. 4 (2004): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03084.
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Rabbits have caused enormous damage to the vegetation on seven islands in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago, including the main island, Grande Terre. Rabbit sera collected during 2001–02 were tested for antibodies against myxoma virus and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus with a view to considering the wider use of these viruses to control rabbits. The results confirmed work done 15–20 years earlier that suggested that myxoma virus has not spread across all parts of Grande Terre and occurs at low prevalence among rabbits. By contrast, on Ile du Cimetière, where European rabbit fleas were introduced in 1987–88, the prevalence of myxoma antibodies is high and the rabbit population is relatively low, supporting the idea that the fleas are effective vectors of myxoma virus. Consequently, there should be benefits in releasing fleas on Grand Terre to enhance disease transmission. Reactivity of some rabbit sera in RHD-specific ELISAs suggested that a virus similar to RHDV may be present at low prevalence on Grande Terre but most rabbits are likely to be susceptible and this virus could be considered for use as a future biological control agent.
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Kobir, Md Alamgir, Latifa Akther, Imam Hasan, Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid, Ziaul Haque, and Mohammad Rabiul Karim. "Effects of Imidacloprid-Contaminated Feed Exposure on Hematological Parameters in Adult Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51363.
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Blood parameters are an important index to assess the body homeostasis in mammals. Here, the effect of pesticide (imidacloprid) contaminated feed exposure on the haematological parameters of adult rabbits (n=15) was studied. Pesticides (Imidacloprid, Bildor® 0.5ml (100mg)/L water spray on vegetables and green grass) exposed feed fed to rabbits with wash (washed feed rabbit) or without a wash (not washed feed rabbit) in the once-daily morning for every alternative day up to 15 days. Control rabbits have received a standard diet (fresh vegetables and green grass). The blood cell analysis showed that the total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values were not changed significantly in pesticide exposed rabbit. For differential leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was significantly decreased in the pesticide-exposed rabbit as compared to the control rabbit. The lymphocyte percentage was increased significantly in pesticide-exposed rabbits compared to control rabbits. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in not washed feed rabbits compared to wash feed rabbits. The results of the present study suggest that residue of agriculturally used pesticides may affect the body homeostasis of animals.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 439-444, December 2020
8
Hatton, M. W., S. M. Southward, B. Ross-Ouellet, M. Richardson, and P. D. Winocour. "Comparative metabolism of plasminogen glycoforms I and II in the alloxan-diabetic rabbit." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 269, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): E1017—E1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1017.
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The metabolism of plasminogen glycoforms I and II was measured in alloxan-induced diabetic and in age-matched control rabbits. Radiolabeled plasminogen I and II were degraded significantly more slowly in diabetic compared with control rabbits; plasminogen II [half-time (T1/2), 1.31 days] was degraded faster than plasminogen I (T1/2), 1.86 days) in diabetic rabbits and in control rabbits (T1/2, 1.18 and 1.58 days, respectively). From the catabolic rates and relative quantities in plasma, we calculated that approximately four molecules of plasminogen II were degraded for one molecule of plasminogen I in the diabetic and control rabbits. To verify this later observation, plasminogen I and II production by diabetic rabbit livers was compared with that by the control livers in vitro. During perfusion with [3H]leucine, 3H-labeled protein was released more slowly from diabetic than from control livers, but no quantitative difference in total plasminogen yield between diabetic and control livers was found. Nevertheless, plasminogen II was produced 0.7 +/- 0.4 and 4.3 +/- 0.3 times faster than plasminogen I by diabetic and control livers, respectively. Plasminogen metabolism in the diabetic rabbit did not differ qualitatively from that in the control rabbit except that catabolism was slowed.
9
Cooke, B. D., S. McPhee, A. J. Robinson, and L. Capucci. "Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: does a pre-existing RHDV-like virus reduce the effectiveness of RHD as a biological control in Australia?" Wildlife Research 29, no. 6 (2002): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00092.
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Serological data from wild rabbits support the hypothesis that a second RHDV-like virus was already present in Australia before rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) was introduced as a biological control agent. This putative virus apparently persists in most wild rabbit populations in the presence of RHDV, and antibodies raised against it appear to protect some rabbits from fatal rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). High titres of these antibodies are most commonly found in rabbits from high rainfall areas; this may explain why the initial mortality from RHD declined as the disease spread from dry areas into wetter regions and why it remains less effective as a biological control in wetter regions today. The implications for further advances in rabbit control are discussed, including the need to isolate this putative RHDV-like virus and develop specific ELISA tests to facilitate its detection in the field.
10
Elsworth, P., D. Berman, and M. Brennan. "Changes in small native animal populations following control of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) by warren ripping in the Australian arid zone." Wildlife Research 46, no. 4 (2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18088.
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Context European rabbits have a great impact on native vegetation and small vertebrates in Australia. Rabbits consume vegetation and promote invasive plants and invasive predators, and compete directly and indirectly with native animals suppressing those populations. Aims We explored the changes in small native vertebrates and invertebrates following the removal of rabbits. Methods Warren ripping was undertaken on a property in south-western Queensland at four sites and the results of pitfall trapping were compared with four nearby paired control sites. Invertebrates and small mammals were counted in pitfall traps, and bird surveys were conducted in all treatment and control sites. Key results Following a rabbit-control program, we observed a four-fold increase in the number of dunnarts trapped in treatment plots, whereas no change was observed in control plots. The spring following the rabbit-control program also saw an increase in some lizards in treatment plots. Conclusions The presence of rabbits in arid-zone Australia can suppress native animal populations. Implications Many species of small native mammals and lizards rely on food sources that fluctuate greatly with environmental conditions. The presence of rabbits altering the landscape, supporting introduced predators, reducing vegetation and, therefore, insects, adds increased pressure for insectivorous species. Rabbit control through warren ripping in arid-zone Australia is an effective method to reduce rabbit numbers, and allowed for an increase in small vertebrates in treated areas.
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Story, G., D. Berman, R. Palmer, and J. Scanlan. "The impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations in Queensland." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00099.
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) escaped from quarantine facilities on Wardang Island in September 1995 and spread through South Australia to Queensland by December 1995. To determine the impact of this biological control agent on wild rabbit populations in Queensland, shot sample and spotlight count data were collected at six sites. RHDV spread across Queensland from the south-west to the east at a rate of at least 91 km month–1 between October 1995 and October 1996. The initial impact on rabbit density appeared highly variable, with an increase of 81% (255 ± 79 (s.e.) to 385 ± 73 rabbits km–2) at one site and a decrease of 83% (129 ± 27 to 22 ± 18 rabbits km–2) at another during the first outbreak. However, after 30 months of RHDV activity, counts were at least 90% below counts conducted before RHDV arrived. Using a population model to account for environmental conditions, the mean suppression of rabbit density caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was estimated to be 74% (ranging from 43% to 94% between sites). No outbreaks were observed when the density of susceptible rabbits was lower than 12 km–2. Where rabbit density remains low for long periods RHDV may not persist. This is perhaps most likely to occur in the isolated populations towards the northern edge of the range of rabbits in Australia. RHDV may have to be reintroduced into these populations. Further south in areas more suitable for rabbits, RHDV is more likely to persist, resulting in a high density of immune rabbits. In such areas conventional control techniques may be more important to enhance the influence of RHD.
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Cooke, B. D., and F. Fenner. "Rabbit haemorrhagic disease and the biological control of wild rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia and New Zealand." Wildlife Research 29, no. 6 (2002): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02010.
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This review considers the history of the discovery of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and its spread throughout the world in domestic and wild rabbits, which led eventually to its deliberate release into Australia and New Zealand for the control of a major pest, the introduced wild rabbit. The physical and genetic structure of RHDV is now well understood, and its pathogenic effects are also well known. The epidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) has been clearly documented in the field in European countries, Australia and New Zealand. Since its initial spread through largely naïve populations of wild rabbits it has established a pattern of mainly annual epizootics in most areas. The timing of epizootics is dependent on climatic variables that determine when rabbits reproduce and the appearance of new, susceptible rabbits in the population. The activity of RHDV is also influenced by climatic extremes that presumably affect its persistence and the behaviour of insect vectors, and evidence is growing that pre-existing RHDV-like viruses in some parts of Australia may interact with RHDV, reducing its effectiveness. The timing of epizootics is further modified by the resistance to RHD shown by young rabbits below 5 weeks of age and the presence of protective maternal antibodies that also protect against fatal RHD. RHD has reduced rabbit abundance, particularly in dry regions, but rabbits in cooler, high-rainfall areas have been able to maintain their populations. In Australia and New Zealand, RHD has raised the prospects for managing rabbits in low rainfall areas and brought substantial economic and environmental benefits.
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Story, G., J. Scanlan, R. Palmer, and D. Berman. "Corrigendum to: The impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations in Queensland." Wildlife Research 31, no. 6 (2004): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00099_co.
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) escaped from quarantine facilities on Wardang Island in September 1995 and spread through South Australia to Queensland by December 1995. To determine the impact of this biological control agent on wild rabbit populations in Queensland, shot sample and spotlight count data were collected at six sites. RHDV spread across Queensland from the south-west to the east at a rate of at least 91 km month–1 between October 1995 and October 1996. The initial impact on rabbit density appeared highly variable, with an increase of 81% (255 ± 79 (s.e.) to 385 ± 73 rabbits km–2) at one site and a decrease of 83% (129 ± 27 to 22 ± 18 rabbits km–2) at another during the first outbreak. However, after 30 months of RHDV activity, counts were at least 90% below counts conducted before RHDV arrived. Using a population model to account for environmental conditions, the mean suppression of rabbit density caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was estimated to be 74% (ranging from 43% to 94% between sites). No outbreaks were observed when the density of susceptible rabbits was lower than 12 km–2. Where rabbit density remains low for long periods RHDV may not persist. This is perhaps most likely to occur in the isolated populations towards the northern edge of the range of rabbits in Australia. RHDV may have to be reintroduced into these populations. Further south in areas more suitable for rabbits, RHDV is more likely to persist, resulting in a high density of immune rabbits. In such areas conventional control techniques may be more important to enhance the influence of RHD.
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Berman, D., P. J. Kerr, R. Stagg, B. H. van Leeuwen, and T. Gonzalez. "Should the 40-year-old practice of releasing virulent myxoma virus to control rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) be continued?" Wildlife Research 33, no. 7 (2006): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05004.
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Release of virulent myxoma virus has been a key component of rabbit-control operations in Queensland, Australia, since the 1960s but its use rests on anecdotal reports. During a routine operation to release virulent myxoma virus we found no evidence to support the continued regular use of the technique in south-west Queensland. Radio-tagged rabbits inoculated with virulent myxoma virus contracted the disease but failed to pass enough virus to other rabbits to spread the disease. Rabbits with clinical signs of myxomatosis that were shot were infected with field strain derived from the original laboratory strain released in 1950 rather than the virulent strain that has been released annually. There was no change in rabbit survival or abundance caused by the release. Nevertheless, the release of virulent virus may be useful against isolated pockets of rabbits mainly because field strains are less likely to be present. Such pockets are more common now that rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus is established in Queensland.
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Cooke, Brian, Keith Springer, Lorenzo Capucci, and Greg Mutze. "Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: Macquarie Island rabbit eradication adds to knowledge on both pest control and epidemiology." Wildlife Research 44, no. 2 (2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16221.
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), introduced into in Australia and New Zealand as a biological-control agent for wild rabbits, is least efficacious in cool humid areas where a non-pathogenic calicivirus (RCV-A1) also circulates. Heavy rabbit mortality following release of RHDV on cold sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, where RCV-A1 was apparently absent, not only complemented the planned rabbit eradication operations, especially by reducing secondary poisoning of sea-birds from aerial baiting, but also ruled out cool or humid climate as a major limiting factor of disease spread. In turn, this has advanced the idea that RCV-A1 antibodies inhibit RHDV spread as well as reducing disease severity and mortality.
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S. E., Okosun, Eguaoje A. S., and Obasoyo D. O. "The Performance Characteristics and Economic Evaluation of Weaner Rabbits Fed Varying Levels of Sundried False Yam (Icacina Tricantha) Meal." International Journal of Applied Science 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v2n1p1.
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A seven week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance characteristics and economics of production of 15 unsexed weaner rabbits fed varying levels of Sundried false yam (Icacina tricantha) meal. Five treatments diets were formulated with diet 1 containing 100% maize as control, while in diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 Sundried false yam meal replaced the percentage proportion of maize in diet 1 at 25, 50, 75 and 100% inclusion level respectively. Rabbits were randomly assigned to the five treatment diets in a complete randomized designed (CRD) with three replicates of one rabbits each. Performance characteristics revealed that final live weight and weekly feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) influenced with highest value (2.12kg/rabbit and 407.33g/rabbit) recorded from rabbits fed 0% SDFYM comparable to (1.98kg/rabbit and 323.33g/rabbits) recorded in those fed 50% SDFYM. Avearage weekly weight gain was also significantly (P<0.05) influenced with highest value (197.00g/rabbit) from those fed 50% SDFYM. Feed conversion was lowest and best (1.28) from rabbits fed 25% SDFYM. Mortality rate was lowest (3.43%) in rabbits fed 50% SDFYM. Cost and return analysis revealed that total cost of feed consumed was least (378.24 N /rabbits) from those fed 50% SDFYM and highest in control, cost of feed per kg weight gain and total cost of production were lowest (30.50 and 2178.24 N /rabbits) from the rabbits that ate 75% SDFYM and highest in control. Income and net profit were highest (5000 and 1763.36 N /rabbits). It is concluded from this study that Sundried false yam meal is a valuable substitution for maize up to 50% in rabbit diets without any adverse effects on the performance characteristics and economic returns of rabbits.
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DAVIDSON, R. S., G. MARION, P. C. L. WHITE, and M. R. HUTCHINGS. "Use of host population reduction to control wildlife infection: rabbits and paratuberculosis." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 1 (April 18, 2008): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000642.
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SUMMARYReduction in wildlife populations is a common method for the control of livestock infections which have wildlife hosts, but its success is dependent on the characteristics of the infection itself, as well as on the spatial and social structure of the wildlife host. Paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Map) is a widespread and difficult infection to control in livestock populations and also has possible links to Crohn's disease in humans. Rabbits have recently been identified as a key wildlife species in terms of paratuberculosis persistence in the environment and risk to the wider host community, including cattle. Here we use a spatially explicit stochastic simulation model of Map dynamics in rabbit populations to quantify the effects of rabbit population control on infection persistence. The model parameters were estimated from empirical studies of rabbit population dynamics and rabbit-to-rabbit routes of Map transmission. Three rabbit control strategies were compared: single unrepeated population reductions based on removing individual animals; single unrepeated population reductions based on removal of entire social groups; and repeated annual population reductions based on removing individual animals. Unrealistically high rabbit culls (>95% population reduction) are needed if infection is to be eradicated from local rabbit populations with a single one-off population reduction event, either of individuals or social groups. Repeated annual culls are more effective at reducing the prevalence of infection in rabbit populations and eradicating infection. However, annual population reductions of >40% are required over extended periods of time (many years). Thus, using an approach which is both highly conservative and parsimonious with respect to estimating lower bounds on the time to eradicate the infection, we find that Map is extremely persistent in rabbit populations and requires significant and prolonged effort to achieve control.
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White, Piran C. L., Geraldine Newton-Cross, Michael Gray, Roland Ashford, Catherine White, and Glen Saunders. "Spatial interactions and habitat use of rabbits on pasture and implications for the spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in New South Wales." Wildlife Research 30, no. 1 (2003): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01106.
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Successful control of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations in Australia has been achieved with the use of disease, initially myxomatosis and more recently rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). Predicting the effectiveness of disease as a control agent depends on understanding the spatial and social organisation of its host population. We radio-tracked 37 rabbits from adjacent burrow systems during May and June 1999. Surface-dwelling rabbits had larger home ranges and core areas and a higher proportion of vegetation cover in their ranges than warren-based rabbits. Interactions between rabbit dyads from the same warren showed greater range overlap than those involving rabbits from different warrens and those involving itinerants. Static interaction was high and positive for intra-warren dyads, but low and negative for inter-warren, warren–surface and surface–surface dyads. These patterns of range use and interaction behaviour create a hierarchical contact and transmission structure within the rabbit population that is likely to vary according to external factors such as population density, resource availability, season, climate and the environment. Quantifying these links between the environment and the transmission process is important to increase our understanding of RHD as an effective management tool for rabbit populations.
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Norbury, G., and A. Mcglinchy. "The Impact of Rabbit Control on Predator Sightings in the Semi-Arid High Country of the South Island, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 23, no. 1 (1996): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9960093.
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Extensive rabbit-poisoning operations were conducted under the Rabbit and Land Management Programme between 1990 and 1993 in the semi-arid high country of New Zealand. Repeated surveys of 371 km of spotlight transects that initially supported more than 40 rabbits per spotlight km showed a 95% decline in sighted rabbits. This was followed within a year by a 71% decline in sighted cats and ferrets. Wild cats and ferrets harbour bovine tuberculosis (Tb) and have an impact on protected native fauna. The means by which these apparent declines in predator numbers occur is important in assessing the role that rabbit control might play in managing for Tb and nature conservation.
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Twigg, Laurie E., Tim J. Lowe, and Gary R. Martin. "Evaluation of bait stations for broadacre control of rabbits." Wildlife Research 29, no. 5 (2002): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01093.
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The efficacy of bait stations (200-L drum cut in half longitudinally) for the broadacre control of rabbits was compared with that obtained with standard trail-baiting procedures in the southern agricultural region of Western Australia. Bait stations were tested with and without the provision of pre-feed. The bait used was 1.0% 1080 One-shot oats, and corresponding experimental control sites were treated with unpoisoned oats. On the basis of spotlight counts before and after baiting, the reduction in rabbit numbers obtained with bait stations in the absence of pre-feed was poor, with a mean reduction of only 27% within 14 days. These reductions did not improve appreciably where sites were monitored for a further 28 days (i.e. 42 days in total). In contrast, the provision of pre-feed for 21 days prior to adding the 1080 bait resulted in a mean reduction in rabbit numbers of 57% within 14 days after the poisoned bait was added. However, the greatest reductions in rabbit numbers were achieved with trail baiting, where, relative to pre-treatment counts, rabbit numbers were reduced by 72% at Day 7 and by 84% at Day 14. The oats used to manufacture the 1080 One-shot product are subjected to gamma-sterilisation to prevent the germination of the oats, and any associated seeds of weed species. When offered a choice (matched sets), there was no difference in the amount of non-toxic gamma-sterilised oats and unsterilised oats consumed by free-ranging wild rabbits. On the basis of the costs incurred during the trials, trail baiting was by far the cheapest option for the broadacre control of rabbits. However, the cost of using bait stations would be discounted to some degree once these stations are able to be reused. The cost of trail baiting to protect a 15-ha 'border' of crop was $157 and $113 for three and two parallel trails (6 kg km–1 trail–1), respectively.
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Peacock, David, and Ian Abbott. "The mongoose in Australia: failed introduction of a biological control agent." Australian Journal of Zoology 58, no. 4 (2010): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo10043.
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We reviewed historical literature and obtained nearly 200 records of the mongoose in Australia up to 1942. Although the earliest importations (from 1855) were for its snake-killing prowess, often as entertainment, its perceived potential as a control agent for the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) plague saw concerted introductions made in New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, primarily in 1883 and 1884. At least 1000 mongoose were released to control rabbits at 14 reported release locations in these states. As many as 700 of these mongoose were reported released in one New South Wales rabbit-control trial. These numbers indicate that insufficient propagule pressure does not explain why Australia escaped the additional devastation of an established mongoose population. The only reason stated for the failure of the mongoose releases to control rabbits is destruction of the mongoose by rabbit trappers, both inadvertently and in seeking to protect their employment. Unfavourable climate was implicated by CLIMATCH modelling in the failure of all releases, especially those into semiarid areas such as western New South Wales. No contemporary detail could be located of the reported 1884 failed introduction of ‘numbers’ of mongoose into North Queensland to control rats in sugarcane plantations.
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Latham, A. David M., Graham Nugent, and Bruce Warburton. "Evaluation of camera traps for monitoring European rabbits before and after control operations in Otago, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 39, no. 7 (2012): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12050.
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Context European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are reaching plague proportions again in some parts of New Zealand as the effect of rabbit haemorrhagic disease begins to wane. Effective monitoring techniques are required to quantify the success of alternative methods of controlling rabbits, such as poisoning. Aim To evaluate camera traps as a method of estimating the percentage of rabbits killed in a poison control operation, and to compare results obtained from cameras with those from traditional monitoring methods (spotlight transects and vantage-point counts). Methods We deployed cameras and conducted vantage-point counts and spotlight transects to compare a priori statistical power. We then used these monitoring methods to estimate percentage kill from a case study rabbit-control operation using sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080). Key results Cameras had good statistical power to detect large reductions in rabbit numbers (>90%) and the percentage kill estimated using cameras was comparable with spotlight transects and vantage-point counts. Conclusions Cameras set up at fixed sampling locations can be an effective method of quantitatively assessing rabbit population control outcomes. We recommend that ≥6 cameras per 100 ha should remain active for at least 5 days before and 5 days following control, so as to obtain reliable estimates of percentage kill. Implications Cameras may be preferable to conventional monitoring methods where there is insufficient area to walk or drive transects, terrain is too rugged or scrubby for transects, and there are no or few vantage points from which to count rabbits.
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Kurchaeva, E. E., and A. V. Vostroilov. "The efficiency of use of feed synbiotic supplement the open Prostor resources of the rabbit." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 81, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2019-3-50-56.
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The use of probiotic additives in the livestock industry, including rabbit breeding, contributes to the normalization of the microbiocenosis of the animal body, as well as their resistance to pathogenic microflora, which ultimately affects the increase in meat productivity and meat quality. The influence of probiotic additive "Prostor" on the productivity, chemical composition and biological value of rabbit meat was studied. The influence of probiotic - sorbent complexes on the number of rabbits (males) of the hybrid form "Hiplus" of the French selection at the age of 45 days in the conditions of the industrial complex of LLC "Lipetsk rabbit" of the Khlevensky district of the Lipetsk region, which were divided into control and experimental groups by the method of pairs-analogues, was studied. The control group of rabbits received the main diet, consisting of feed PZK-90, rabbits 1 experimental group received feed PZK-92-60-18, which was introduced synbiotic " Prostor " in a dosage of 0.5 g/kg of feed, and rabbits 2 experimental group 1 g/ kg of feed, respectively. Meat quality was assessed at the age of 105 days after control slaughter in the amount of 3 heads from each group. Morphological composition data showed that the mass of the muscular tissue of the rabbits of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was superior to the rabbits of the control group by 12.17 and 23.84%, respectively. Analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of feed additives "Prostor " in a dosage of 1.0 g per kg of feed has a positive effect on meat productivity, and the quality of rabbit meat, which opens up prospects for the use of these drugs in the rabbit industry.
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Iyeghe-Erakpotobor, G. T., and L. O. Esievo. "Performance of growing rabbits fed soybean cheese waste meal diet and lablab hay." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i2.1348.
Full textAbstract:
Growing crossbred rabbits were used to study the performance of rabbits fed different levels of soybean cheese waste (SCW) diet and lablab hay. The treatments comprised of levels of soybean cheese waste diet and lablab hay on a gram to gram basis of: (1) 100:60 (100:60S), (2) 75:85 (75:855), (3) 50:110 (50:110S) and (4) 25:135 (25: 135S) to give a total feed supply of 160g/rabbit/ day. The control was 100:60 (100:60R) of rabbit diet and lablab hay respectively. The concentrates. and forage were offered in separate feeders at 08.00 hours. Rabbits on 100:60S had significantly higher weight gain than the control on rabbit diet (100:60R), Weight gain decreased linearly with decrease in level of SCW. Total daily feed intake was significantly higher for the control than the SCW treatments. Among the SCW treutments, total daily feed intake was significantly higher for rabbits on 25: 135S than 50: 170S. The control had the highest feed cost. Cost/kg gain was significantly higher for the control and 25:135S treatments than the other treatment groups with savings of 58 73% on SCW. Nutrient intake was significantly higher for the control than SCW treatments. Dry matter and ether extract digestibility was similar for the treatments. Crude fibre digestibility was lowest while nitrogen free extract digestibility was highest for the control than the SCW treatments. Crude protein digestibility was similar for the control and other treatments but higher for 75:85S. It is concluded from this study that based on the lower cost of production and high nutrient digestibility of rabbits on soybean cheese waste diet and lablab hay, soybean cheese waste show's good prospect as an alternative cheap feed stuff for rabbit production.
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Franck, Yao Konan, Otchoumou Kraidy Athanase, Wognin Legbe Raïssa Marie Flavienne, Konan Konan Anselme, and Niamke Sebastien. "Growth Parameters, Protein Digestibility And Health Status Of Rabbit Oryctolagus Cuniculus Fed With Palatable Leafy Vegetables." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 27 (September 30, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n27p191.
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This study focused on using vegetable leaves for rabbit feeding. Rabbit fed with leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus, Corchorus olitorius, Ipomea batatas, Vigna unguiculata, Solanum melongena showed positive growth and high feed intake, while rabbits fed with leaves of Amaranthus hybridus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Manihot esculenta, Celosia argentea, Myrianthus arboreus, Basella alba, Talinum triangulare, Colocasia esculenta showed low feed intake and weight loss. The digestibility of treatments supplemented with concentrate was better than that of the diet without fodder. Feed intake (157.62 g / day) and average weight (2081.87g) of rabbits fed with leaves of Ipomea batatas, were the highest while average daily gain (24.38 - 27.29 g/day) remained similar. The feed conversion ratio of the control treatment (3.51) was better than those obtained for treatments supplemented with concentrate (5.31 - 5.71). Urea and creatinine values were similar in all groups. Blood glucose (0.94 ± 0.04 g/L) and total protein (68.40 ± 0.14 g/L) of rabbit fed with leaves of Solanum melongena were the highest. Total cholesterol of rabbit fed with leaves of Ipomea batatas and control diet were the highest. The blood triglycerides of rabbit fed with control diet was the highest and differed to other treatments (p < 0.05).
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Kakita, T., and W. D. Odell. "Pituitary gland: one site of ultrashort-feedback regulation for control of thyrotropin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): E121—E124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.2.e121.
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Studies from our laboratory have previously demonstrated sensitive and specific autoregulatory control systems for thyrotropin (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the rabbit. Because our studies of LH autoregulation showed the feedback regulation acted directly at a pituitary level, the current studies were designed to investigate whether the TSH control system also acted at the pituitary level. Two species-specific TSH assays were employed; a rabbit TSH radioimmunoassay which showed little or no reaction to human TSH, and a human TSH radioimmunoassay which showed little or no reaction to rabbit TSH. Both in vivo and in vitro studies were performed. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) in doses of 2, 10, and 50 micrograms was injected as an intravenous bolus into thyroidectomized hypothyroid rabbits during continuous perfusion with highly purified human TSH (hTSH) or with saline. In these in vivo studies, TRH-stimulated rabbit TSH (rTSH) secretion was suppressed by hTSH perfusion compared with control saline perfusion. The effect of hTSH was studied in vitro by employing short-term cultured rabbit pituitary cells. When hTSH was added to the incubation medium, TRH-stimulated rTSH secretion was inhibited. From these studies, we conclude that one site of the autoregulatory control for TSH in the rabbit is at the pituitary level. These studies do not exclude a possible additional short-loop feedback control at an hypothalamic level, but such a site of action is not required to explain the autoregulatory phenomenon.
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I M., Nuriyasa, and A. W. Puger. "DIGESTIBILITY ON LOCAL FEMALE RABBIT FED DIETS CONTAINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FERMENTED TOFU WASTE." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 22, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2019.v22.i02.p07.
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This study aims to determine the digestibility of local female rabbit fed diet containing different levels offermented tofu waste. The study used a randomized block design (RBD), with five treatments and five blocks.The treatment was rabbits fed rations without using tofu waste or control fed (R0), rabbit fed rations containing10% tofu waste (R1), rabbit fed containing 15% tofu waste (R2), rabbit fed rations containing 10% fermented tofuwaste (R3) and rabbit fed rations containing 15% fermented tofu waste (R4). Variables observed were dry matterdigestibility, protein digestibility and efficiency of changes GE to DE. The results showed that rabbits fed ration R3and R4 caused dry matter digestibility, protein digestibility and efficiency of changes GE to DE were higher thantreatments R2, R1 and R0. It can be concluded that diets containing 10% up to 15% fermented tofu waste in rabbitrations can increase the digestibility of rations for local female rabbits.
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Mutze, GJ. "Long-term effects of warren ripping for rabbit control in semi-arid South Australia." Rangeland Journal 13, no. 2 (1991): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9910096.
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Warren ripping and poisoning were used to control rabbits on the flood-out plain of a major creek system on Manunda Station, a sheep-grazing property near Yunta in semi-arid South Australia. Rabbit numbers were initially reduced by >99 per cent, as indicated by the number of active entrances remaining in rabbit warrens. After nearly 10 years without follow-up control work, ripped warrens had only two per cent of the pre-control number of active entrances. Poisoning effectively reduced rabbit numbers in the short-term, but had no long-term effect on the number of active entrances, either in ripped or unripped warrens. Perennial shrubs regenerated on and around ripped warrens. Warren ripping on this part of Manunda is a cost-effective management option.
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Jahnke, Marlene, Edward C. Holmes, Peter J. Kerr, John D. Wright, and Tanja Strive. "Evolution and Phylogeography of the Nonpathogenic Calicivirus RCV-A1 in Wild Rabbits in Australia." Journal of Virology 84, no. 23 (September 22, 2010): 12397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00777-10.
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ABSTRACT Despite its potential importance for the biological control of European rabbits, relatively little is known about the evolution and molecular epidemiology of rabbit calicivirus Australia 1 (RCV-A1). To address this issue we undertook an extensive evolutionary analysis of 36 RCV-A1 samples collected from wild rabbit populations in southeast Australia between 2007 and 2009. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the entire capsid sequence, six clades of RCV-A1 were defined, each exhibiting strong population subdivision. Strikingly, our estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor of RCV-A1 coincide with the introduction of rabbits to Australia in the mid-19th century. Subsequent divergence events visible in the RCV-A1 phylogenies likely reflect key moments in the history of the European rabbit in Australia, most notably the bottlenecks in rabbit populations induced by the two viral biocontrol agents used on the Australian continent, myxoma virus and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). RCV-A1 strains therefore exhibit strong phylogeographic separation and may constitute a useful tool to study recent host population dynamics and migration patterns, which in turn could be used to monitor rabbit control in Australia.
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Qin, Genyan, Yasha Zhou, Jun Peng, Youwei Zhang, Xiaofang Peng, Qinghua Peng, and Yijing Yang. "The Effect of Buddleja officinalis Maxim Eye Drops on Morphology and Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland of Experimental Dry Eye Rabbit Model." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (February 5, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5916243.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops on morphology and apoptosis in lacrimal glands of the experimental dry eye rabbit model. A total of thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six study groups, consisting of the control group and the dry eye rabbit model group (without any treatment), the dry eye rabbit model group treated with testosterone, and the dry eye rabbit model group treated with different concentrations of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops (1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The lacrimal glands were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits. The average optical density values of PI3K, Akt, and caspase-9 protein in the lacrimal gland tissue of the 3 mg/ml Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops group were significantly different from those in the model group (P<0.01) and similar to the testosterone control group and the control group (P>0.05). Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits.
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Cooke, Brian, Randall Jones, and Wendy Gong. "An economic decision model of wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus control to conserve Australian native vegetation." Wildlife Research 37, no. 7 (2010): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09154.
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Context Economic decision models are seldom used in developing policies for the cost-effective control of invasive species that threaten natural ecosystems. However, their potential value is shown using an example of European rabbits damaging native vegetation in Australia. Aims To better define the problem of rabbit damage, provide a sound theoretical basis for implementing cost-efficient strategies for rabbit control and show how resources available for ecosystem protection can be most effectively applied. Methods A dynamic economic decision model was developed, incorporating the costs and effectiveness of three methods for controlling rabbits among native vegetation to consider alternative management strategies. A monetary value on native vegetation was set using the ‘avoided’ cost of replanting trees on roadsides and from field data we described how capacity of plant communities to regenerate improves if rabbit numbers are reduced. Key results Model outputs indicated the best combinations of methods for cost-effective rabbit control and showed how the highest benefits could be gained in protecting natural vegetation. Conclusions The model provided a framework for deciding how limited resources might be used to greatest benefit for protecting native vegetation. Implications This methodology could apply to other invasive species, provided that natural assets can be given a justifiable monetary value, control costs and effectiveness can be determined and the impact of the pests on assets can be modelled as dynamic population processes.
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Olsen, Jerry, Brian Cooke, Susan Trost, and David Judge. "Is wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax, survival and breeding success closely linked to the abundance of European rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14033.
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Context Some ecologists argue that nesting success and abundance of wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax) are strongly linked to the abundance of introduced wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Consequently, concerns were expressed about eagle population viability when the biological control agent rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) heavily reduced rabbit numbers. However, observations following the spread of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) in Australia and Spain (where Aquila adalberti is an equivalent of A. audax) question this assertion. Eagle numbers did not fall even though rabbits declined regionally by up to 90% in both countries. Aims To reconsider the assumption of a strong link between rabbit abundance and wedge-tailed eagle breeding and population maintenance. Dispelling misconceptions, if any, about the eagles’ dependence on rabbits would benefit the future management of both eagles and rabbits. Methods We reviewed the literature associated with claims that eagles were heavily dependent on rabbits and asked whether these views could be substantiated given the lack of changes in eagle abundance following the spread of RHD. Data on eagle egg-clutch size and nesting success were also reviewed. Conclusions There is little evidence that eagles depend heavily on rabbits as prey. Instead, as rabbits decline, more kangaroos, reptiles and birds are eaten, partly because more native prey becomes available. Eagles have a high proportion of rabbits in their diets mainly where degradation of natural ecosystems, including that caused by rabbits, results in native prey being rare or unavailable. There has been minimal variation in average clutch size following major perturbations in rabbit population size. Implications Rather than perpetuating the idea that high populations of rabbits are needed for wedge-tailed eagle conservation, resources would be better re-directed into understanding continental-scale eagle population dynamics. This would provide a more rational framework to assist decisions on future biological control agents for rabbits.
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Kurchaeva, Elena, Aleksander Vostroilov, Elena Vysotskaya, and Igor Maksimov. "Feed synbiotic additive to improve the productivity and quality of rabbit meat." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700253.
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The study is dedicated to research into efficiency of influence of probiotic additive “Prostor” on productivity, chemical composition of meat of rabbits. The influence of synbiotic preparation “Prostor” on the population of male rabbits of hybrid form “Hypharm” of French breeding, selected at the age of 45 days. The study took place at the industrial complex of LLC “Lipetsk rabbit” in Khlevensky district of Lipetsk region. The animals were divided into control and experimental groups by the method of pairs-analogues. The control group of rabbits received the basic diet consisting of lall-mash feed PZK-92, while the rabbits of the experimental group received compound feed PZK-92-60-18, which included synbiotic “Prostor” in a dosage of 1 g/kg of feed. Meat quality assessment was carried out at the age of 105 days after control slaughter in the amount of 3 animals from each group. The use of the stated dosage of synbiotic preparation had a positive effect on the productive indicators of rabbits (live weight, average daily growth). The morphological composition data showed that rabbits of the experimental group outperformed rabbits of the control group by 23.84 % in terms of muscle mass. Analysis of the chemical composition of muscle tissue showed that the use of feed additives “ProStor” in a dosage of 1.0 g per kg of feed has a positive effect on meat productivity and quality of rabbit meat, which opens up prospects for the use of the preparation in the rabbit industry.
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Duston;, T. H. "Rabbit Control in New Zealand." Science 276, no. 5309 (April 4, 1997): 17d—21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.17d.
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Reddiex, Ben, Graham J. Hickling, Grant L. Norbury, and Chris M. Frampton. "Effects of predation and rabbit haemorrhagic disease on population dynamics of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in North Canterbury, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 29, no. 6 (2002): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00088.
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The impact of predation and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) on population dynamics of rabbits, and the survival of juvenile rabbits, was investigated between July 1999 and March 2000 in North Canterbury, New Zealand. Rabbit abundance and pre- and post-emergent rabbit mortality were monitored on four sites, two of which were subject to predator control. RHD spread naturally through all sites from late November to early December. Rabbit densities declined on all sites, but after the RHD epidemic, declines were significantly greater where populations of predators had not been controlled. Survival of rabbit nestlings was lower where predators were not controlled. All post-emergent radio-collared rabbits died at sites where predators were not controlled, whereas 18% of those collared at sites where predators were controlled survived to maturity. In contrast to the results from previous studies, rabbits born at the start of the breeding season had very high rates of post-emergent mortality, as they appeared to be susceptible to the RHD virus later in the breeding season. The age at which juvenile rabbits become susceptible to RHD, the timing of RHD epidemics, and the abundance of predators are likely to be important in determining survival of juvenile rabbits. This study demonstrates that predation can reduce rabbit populations to low levels, but only in combination with other factors, in this case RHD.
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Fleming, P. J. S., J. D. Croft, and H. I. Nicol. "The impact of rabbits on a grazing system in eastern New South Wales. 2. Sheep production." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01107.
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Much research, time and money have been invested in the control of rabbits in Australia, yet the relationship between rabbit density and livestock production losses has not been quantified. We experimentally investigated the variations in sheep production parameters caused by 4 densities of rabbits, 0, 24, 48 and 72 rabbits/ha. Medium to strong wool merino wethers were run at a constant stocking rate in replicated plots with rabbits at 4� different densities. Sheep liveweight and body condition and wool production variables were measured over 3�years. Low to medium densities of rabbits were not found to reduce liveweights of wethers, whereas wethers run with the high density of rabbits were significantly lighter. The presence of rabbits reduced the body condition of sympatric sheep with the lowest body condition recorded at the high rabbit density. Mean greasy fleece weights, wool yields and clean-fleece weights were significantly different between densities of rabbits. Wethers run with the high rabbit density grew less wool than the wethers run with the other 3 densities of rabbits. The cumulative gross return per ha from wool production was highest for the medium rabbit density and lowest at high rabbit density. At the conclusion of this short-term experiment, the presence of some rabbits enhanced returns from wool production because of lower fibre diameter and comparable clean-fleece weights of fleeces grown at low and medium rabbit densities. These production characteristics might have been caused by synergistic effects on pasture growth or a sheep stocking rate that was too conservative for the prevailing seasonal conditions. At high rabbit density, competition for pasture between rabbits and sheep overrode possible synergistic and understocking effects. The economic implications of the presence of rabbits on merino sheep production are discussed.
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Bachtiar, Endang W., Fatma S. Dewi, Ahmad Aulia Yusuf, and Rahmi Ulfiana. "Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Experimental Bone Defect." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 34 (October 2017): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.34.94.
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This is preliminary study in order to investigate the effect of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on bone regeneration in an animal model. New Zealand rabbits were used as animal model. The critical defect was created in femoral bone and transplantation of DPSCs applied into bone defect. A colorimetric assay was used to detect ALP level in rabbit’s serum. Bone tissue regeneration was evaluated by histological analysis. In the 2nd week, the treated rabbit show increasing in the activity of ALP (157,925 μU) compared to control rabbit (155,361 μU). This increasing trend continues significantly in DPSCs rabbit (169.750 μU) compared to control rabbit (160.406) after 4 weeks. Histological evaluation revealed that the amount of bone lamellae and osteocytes were filled the defect area of DPSCs treated rabbit. Conclusions: Transplantation of DPSCs accelerating bone regeneration by raising ALP level and forming new bone tissue.
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Saunders, Glen, Barry Kay, Greg Mutze, and David Choquenot. "Observations on the impacts of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on agricultural production values in Australia." Wildlife Research 29, no. 6 (2002): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00086.
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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) may be the most important rabbit control agent to be made available to graziers in Australia since the advent of myxomatosis. Documenting the benefits of RHD to agricultural production values is an important process in determining best-practice strategies for the use of the disease in controlling rabbit populations. In this paper we review previous studies on the impact of rabbits and present recent Australian case studies that tracked the effects of RHD on agricultural production as the disease first spread across the continent. Indirect consequences of RHD, such as changes in costs of rabbit control as monitored through the use of 1080 (sodium monofluoroacetate), are reported. Potential negative impacts such as adverse effects on the wild rabbit fur and meat trade and in the spread of woody weeds are also discussed.
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Rouco, C., P. Ferreras, F. Castro, and R. Villafuerte. "The effect of exclusion of terrestrial predators on short-term survival of translocated European wild rabbits." Wildlife Research 35, no. 7 (2008): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07151.
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Many translocation methods have been tested in southern Europe in recent decades to increase the translocation success of the European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) for both conservation and game purposes. The main problem experienced during such translocations is the high short-term (7 days) mortality attributed to predation during the days immediately following rabbit release. In this study, we test the effect of the exclusion of terrestrial predators on the survival of translocated rabbits for recovery purposes. Four translocation plots (4 ha with 18 artificial warrens each) were constructed, two of them with a fence to exclude terrestrial predators. In all, 724 rabbits were released to the translocation plots in five batches and forced to remain inside warrens for 7 days. Following liberation, exclusion of predators did not increase rabbit survival in the short term. Contrary to expectations, three months after release, survival of rabbits in the unfenced plot was slightly, but not significantly, higher than in the fenced plot (0.57 and 0.40 respectively). Although predator control is a frequent management practice associated with rabbit translocations, our results suggest that it may not favour rabbit survival rate as much as the adaptation of rabbits to the release site.
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Reemers, Sylvia, Leon Peeters, Joyce van Schijndel, Beth Bruton, David Sutton, Leo van der Waart, and Saskia van de Zande. "Novel Trivalent Vectored Vaccine for Control of Myxomatosis and Disease Caused by Classical and a New Genotype of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030441.
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Myxoma virus (MV) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are the major causes of lethal viral diseases in the European rabbit. In 2010, a new RHDV genotype (RHDV2) emerged in the field that had limited cross-protection with the classical RHDV (RHDV1). For optimal protection of rabbits and preventing spread of disease, a vaccine providing protection against all three key viruses would be ideal. Therefore, a novel trivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine (Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS) was developed similar to the existing bivalent myxoma vectored RHDV vaccine Nobivac Myxo-RHD. The new vaccine contains the Myxo-RHDV1 strain already included in Nobivac Myxo-RHD and a similarly produced Myxo-RHDV2 strain. This paper describes several key safety and efficacy studies conducted for European licensing purposes. Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS showed to be safe for use in rabbits from five weeks of age onwards, including pregnant rabbits, and did not spread from vaccinated rabbits to in-contact controls. Furthermore, protection to RHDV1 and RHDV2 was demonstrated by challenge, while the serological response to MV was similar to that after vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD. Therefore, routine vaccination with Nobivac Myxo-RHD PLUS can prevent the kept rabbit population from these major viral diseases.
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Atkins, J. L., and M. B. Burg. "Bicarbonate transport by isolated perfused rat collecting ducts." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 249, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): F485—F489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.249.4.f485.
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Previously, bicarbonate transport was measured in isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting ducts (CCD) and outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD). Rabbit CCD either absorbed or secreted bicarbonate in vitro, depending on whether the animals were treated with NH4Cl or NaHCO3, but the OMCD absorbed bicarbonate regardless of the treatment. The general significance of these findings (particularly the bicarbonate secretion) was questioned because rabbits are herbivores that normally excrete alkaline urine. Therefore, we have now studied rats, an omnivorous species, that normally excrete acid urine. The overall pattern of bicarbonate transport in rats was similar to that previously found in rabbits. CCD from rats given NaHCO3 initially secreted bicarbonate, but those from rats given NH4Cl absorbed bicarbonate. Rat OMCD all absorbed bicarbonate, regardless of the treatment. The significant differences between the results with rats and rabbits were 1) a marked shift in bicarbonate transport in control and bicarbonate-loaded rat (but not rabbit) CCD with time of perfusion in vitro from secretion toward absorption; this implies an additional regulatory mechanism in rats; and 2) rat OMCDs absorbing bicarbonate more than three times faster than rabbit OMCD. These results provide additional evidence that conditioned changes in cortical collecting duct bicarbonate transport, now observed in two different species, play a significant role in the control of net acid excretion.
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XYLOURI (Ε. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ), E., and M. FRAGKIADAKIS (Μ. ΦΡΑΓΚΙΑΔΑΚΗΣ). "Epizootic rabbit enteropathy - Current data and control." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15061.
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Epizootic Rabbit Enteropathy (ERE) is an important syndrome that occurred in European rabbit farms the last ten years and is linked to massive deaths, mainly during the fattening period. ERE was first observed in France, in 1997, and was quickly spread in all rabbit-breeding European countries, e.g. Italy, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Germany, Great Britain and Greece. In Greece, ERE has been clinically identified since 2003 in several commercial rabbit farms, causing severe economic loss in country's rabbit farming sector. In other continents no ERE cases have been reported up to today. ERE is characterized by very high mortality, reaching up to 30-80%. The exact etiology of the syndrome is still unclarified, although in several cases, various known pathogens have been isolated, e.g. coccidia, E. coli, Clostridium spp., Enteroviruses, Rota, virus. Treatment is only symptomatic and is mainly based on the use of antibiotics. Prescribed antibiotics against ERE are thiamouline and tylozine. But, the antibiotic of choice is the water soluble bacitracin, which is exclusively permitted only for use in rabbit farms.
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Calvete, Carlos, Enrique Pelayo, and Javier Sampietro. "Habitat factors related to wild rabbit population trends after the initial impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease." Wildlife Research 33, no. 6 (2006): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05107.
Full textAbstract:
The European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is an introduced pest species in Australia and New Zealand. Rabbits have a devastating negative impact on agricultural production and biodiversity in these countries, and Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) is currently included in control strategies for rabbit populations. On the other hand, the European wild rabbit is a key native prey species in the Iberian Peninsula. Since the arrival of RHD, however, rabbit populations have undergone dramatic decreases and several predator species at risk of extinction are currently dependent on the rabbit population density. Therefore, from the point of view of biodiversity conservation, evaluating habitat correlates and trends of rabbit populations after the first RHD epizootic is of great interest to improve the long-term control or promotion of wild rabbit populations. We estimated the relationship between habitat factors and long-term population trends as well as the relationships between habitat factors and rabbit abundance 2 and 14 years after the arrival of RHD in several Iberian rabbit populations. We observed that only 26% of surveyed populations seemed to experience an increase in rabbit abundance over the last 12 years and that this increase was higher in the low-rabbit-abundance areas of l992, leading to high rabbit abundance in 2004. Our results suggested that short- and long-term impacts of RHD were related to habitat quality. The initial impact of RHD was higher in more suitable habitats, but increasing long-term population trends were positively related to good habitat quality.
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Sprague, R. S., M. L. Ellsworth, A. H. Stephenson, and A. J. Lonigro. "ATP: the red blood cell link to NO and local control of the pulmonary circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): H2717—H2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.6.h2717.
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Recently, we reported that rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) were required for the expression of nitric oxide (NO) activity on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in rabbit lungs. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that RBCs participate in the regulation of PVR via release of ATP in response to mechanical deformation that, in turn, evokes vascular NO synthesis. We found that rabbit and human RBCs, but not dog RBCs, release ATP in response to mechanical deformation. To determine the contribution of this ATP to NO synthesis and PVR, we compared the effects of human and dog RBCs on pressure-flow relationships in isolated rabbit lungs. In the presence of human RBCs, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM) produced a shift in the pressure-flow relationship consistent with a reduction in vascular caliber. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester had no effect in lungs perfused with dog RBCs. These results suggest a unique mechanism for the control of PVR in rabbits and humans whereby release of ATP by RBCs in response to mechanical deformation leads to stimulation of NO synthesis that, in turn, modulates the PVR.
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Sioutas, Georgios, Konstantinos Evangelou, Antonios Vlachavas, and Elias Papadopoulos. "Deaths Due to Mixed Infections with Passalurus ambiguus, Eimeria spp. and Cyniclomyces guttulatus in an Industrial Rabbit Farm in Greece." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060756.
Full textAbstract:
Domestic rabbits are commercially farmed for their meat whilst gastrointestinal diseases can hinder their production. Passalurusambiguus and Eimeria spp. are two common rabbit intestinal parasites that can cause diarrhoea, among other symptoms, and in severe cases, death. C. guttulatus is a commensal yeast of the rabbits’ stomach that is considered apathogenic but can worsen symptoms in rabbits suffering from coccidiosis. In the present case report, we describe an outbreak of deaths in three different age groups (A: lactating does, B: 58 days old and C: 80 days old) in an industrial rabbit farm in Greece. Symptoms included depression, diarrhoea, inappetence, weight loss, dehydration and ruffled furs. Using a faecal flotation technique, sick rabbits were found to be moderately to heavily infected with P. ambiguus, Eimeria spp. and C. guttulatus. Treatment with fenbendazole and oregano oil combined with hygiene control measures successfully controlled the infections and resolved clinical symptoms. A faecal flotation method or other reliable diagnostic technique should be used regularly in industrial rabbit farms to screen for gastrointestinal parasitic infections. Early diagnosis and control will help to maintain production levels and, therefore, limit financial losses for the farmer while ensuring animal welfare.
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Taylor, W. F., S. E. DiCarlo, and V. S. Bishop. "Neurogenic vasodilator control of rabbit ear blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): R766—R770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.5.r766.
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Ear blood flow subserves thermoregulation in the rabbit. The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in rabbit ear blood flow, in response to increases in internal temperature (Ti) of approximately 2 degrees C (38.0-40.0 degrees C), is due to an active vasodilation or a withdrawal of adrenergic vasoconstrictor activity. New Zealand White rabbits were chronically instrumented with a pulse Doppler flow probe on the central ear artery of the left and right ear for the measurement of ear blood flow velocity (EBF, kHz). Catheters were also positioned in one occipital artery for selective administration of an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist to one ear, while the contralateral ear served as a control. During hyperthermia (H) (increase in rectal temperature) alpha 1-adrenergic blockade had no effect on the maximum EBF (5.95 +/- 0.87 before vs. 6.11 +/- 1.04 kHz after). However, alpha 1-adrenergic blockade increased resting EBF during normothermia from 0.18 +/- 0.04 to 1.23 +/- 0.27 kHz (P less than 0.05), suggesting that a decrease in alpha 1-adrenergic tone may account for approximately 20% of the increase in EBF during heating. The second protocol was designed to determine if blockade of the auricular nerve would alter EBF response to H. During maximum EBF during H, saline or procainamide was injected in the tissue surrounding the auricular nerve. Injection of procainamide decreased EBF from 5.99 +/- 0.87 to 0.48 +/- 0.19 kHz, while injection of saline had no effect on EBF of the contralateral ear (4.33 +/- 1.16 before vs. 3.97 +/- 1.04 kHz after).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Fedorchenko, M. M., V. V. Malina, and V. A. Hryshko. "SLAUGHTER QUALITIES AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF RABBIT MEAT FOR FEEDING VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENT «TEKRO»." Animal Science and Food Technology 11, no. 4 (December 2020): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.04.070.
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The problem of complete mineral and vitamin nutrition in rabbit breeding is relevant today, despite new discoveries, and research in this direction continues both in Ukraine and around the world. The paper presents experimental data from the results of research to study the effect of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplement "Tekro" in the diets of young rabbits on their productivity, slaughter quality and biological value of rabbit meat. The obtained data of body growth, massometric indicators of carcasses and internal organs of rabbits of experimental groups after slaughter indicate a positive effect of vitamin-mineral supplement "Tekro" on the intensity of development of the body and individual internal organs, which contributes to increased metabolic processes and weight gain in animals research groups. Feeding vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits of experimental groups of the New Zealand breed for 45 days contributed to a better transformation of feed nutrients into products. In rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which together with basic ration were fed 3.5 % of the premix "Tekro" at 90 days of age, the highest rates of body weight were recorded, which differed by 8.89 % compared to the control group. In a set of indicators that characterize the nutritional value of rabbit meat, we studied sensory indicators that characterize the quality of rabbit meat: taste, color, pH, juiciness, moisture content, elasticity, aroma, "marbling", etc. It was found that in the appearance of carcasses and muscles in the control group, the samples scored 8.4 points. In the 3-rd and 4-th experimental groups, the number of points on this indicator was higher by 1.2 %. The difference was a trend. Examining the aroma of meat, it was found that in the control of this indicator, the samples scored 7.8 points. In meat samples from experimental groups 3 and 4, the aroma was more identical to natural, so the samples received 2.6 % higher scores. Samples from 3 experimental groups scored the most points in terms of taste. Compared with the control, the figure was higher by 3.6 %. Examining the juiciness of rabbit meat, it was found that samples obtained from carcasses 2 and 3 of the experimental group tended to increase this indicator. Summing up the data, it was found that the highest overall score was found in meat samples from 3 experimental groups. The difference with the control was within the trend and amounted to 2.4 %. Feeding rabbits vitamin and mineral supplements to rabbits helps to obtain good quality meat products with high culinary properties. No data were available to support the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on compound feed on the synthesis of toxic substances in muscle tissue or the deterioration of rabbit meat. The biological value of muscle samples from rabbits of the 2-nd experimental group did not differ from the control data. The increase was only 0.11 %. It was found that the biological value of muscle tissue from animals of the 4th experimental group was greater than in the control. The difference was 2.6 % Meat obtained from rabbits of the 3rd experimental group, which were fed compound feed with a content of mineral-vitamin supplement "Tekro" 3.5 %, in biological value outweighed the control indicators. The difference was not significant and amounted to 4.1 %. The use of different doses of vitamin and mineral supplements in the feed of young rabbits did not lead to significant changes in the quality of raw hides and furs.
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KHAN, Kamran, Inam ULLAH, Nazir Ahmad KHAN, and Sarzamin KHAN. "Evaluation of mulberry (Morusalba) leaves as a concentrate substitute in rabbit diet: effect on growth performance and meat quality." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 1136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-2004-71.
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Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves contain a high amount of digestible carbohydrates, protein and minerals, making it an attractive, natural, low-cost feed ingredient in rabbit rations. The present study evaluated the effect of stepwise replacement of a concentrate diet with wilted M. alba leaves on growth performance and meat quality of rabbits. Sixty indigenous rabbits (age, 36 ± 2 days) were assigned to 5 diets (12 rabbits per diet). The 5 diets consisted of a commercial concentrate diet (control; WML0), and stepwise replacement of the concentrate with 25% (WML25), 50% (WML50), 75% (WML75), and 100% (WML100) wilted M. alba leaves. Final body weight (1238 g/rabbit), and total (904.1 g/rabbit) and daily (18.8 g/day/rabbit) weight gains were higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed with WML50. The WML50 also supported the best (P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio (4.50). Moreover, higher (P < 0.05) reference carcass weight (571.7 g) and a higher dressing percentage (55.8%) were recorded for WML50. Composition of the diets did not alter (P > 0.05) meat pH, water release and cooking loss. In conclusion, M. alba successfully replaced 50% of concentrate in rabbit diet and supported a higher growth performance and carcass yield without negative effects on meat quality
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DANIELS, M. J., D. HENDERSON, A. GREIG, K. STEVENSON, J. M. SHARP, and M. R. HUTCHINGS. "The potential role of wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants." Epidemiology and Infection 130, no. 3 (June 2003): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268803008471.
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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, the organism responsible for paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep has been found in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the east of Scotland. Few studies have investigated either the level of faecal contamination by rabbits on farms, or the potential infectivity of rabbit excreta. The rate of rabbit faecal contamination deposited and the numbers encountered were estimated for 21 fields on 4 farms with a paratuberculosis problem. 7357±2571 S.E.M. rabbit faecal pellets were deposited per hectare per day and up to 81000 pellets/ha (‘standing crop’) were encountered in October/November 1998. Where access to rabbits was restricted, the standing crop of faeces encountered fell to 22000 pellets/ha.The prevalence of infection with M. a. paratuberculosis was assessed for 83 rabbits from the four farms. M. a. paratuberculosis was isolated from rabbits on all farms with an overall prevalence of 17%. Out of 17 rabbits from which urine was available, M. a. paratuberculosis was isolated from two – the first reported isolation from urine in wild rabbits. The mean number of colony-forming units per gram of infected rabbit faeces was 7·6×105±5·2×105.A relative estimate of the input of M. a. paratuberculosis onto pasture, at the stocking levels found on the four farms, showed that sheep and cattle potentially contributed 4 and 125 times more organisms/ha per day respectively than rabbits. However, rabbits could still contribute millions of M. a. paratuberculosis organisms per ha per day. Existing rabbit control measures on farms may be inadequate in reducing the risk of transmission to livestock.
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Chrenek, P., Z. Turanová, J. Slamečka, and A. V. Makarevich. "Quality of rabbit vitrified/thawed transgenic embryos." Zygote 21, no. 1 (August 15, 2011): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199411000384.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe aim of our study was to investigate the influence of vitrification on developmental rate and quality (total number of cells, number of blastomeres in inner cell mass (ICM) area, apoptotic index and embryo diameter) of transgenic (carrying an endogenous–hFVIII or exogenous–enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene) rabbit embryos. EGFP-positive rabbit embryos were produced under in vitro conditions by the microinjection of foreign genes into the pronucleus of fertilized eggs. The transgenic rabbit embryos with the hFVIII gene were produced by mating homozygous transgenic rabbits and flushing at the single-cell stage. Developmental rate of vitrified/thawed transgenic embryos that reached hatching blastocyst stage (68.00% and 69.00%) and differed significantly (p < 0.001) from those in control embryos (100.00%). Significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in total cell counts between control (117.00 ± 36.00) and vitrified (141.00 ± 34.80) hFVIII-positive embryos. The higher proportion of ICM cells (32.00%) and greatest embryo diameter (130.85 ± 10.90) were found in the control group compared with the transgenic. Ratio of apoptotic cells was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the control group (2.50%) and vitrified EGFP-positive embryos (2.90%) compared with the vitrified, hFVIII-positive group of embryos (0.70%). Our results demonstrate that neither gene microinjection itself, nor exogenous (EGFP) and endogenous (hFVIII) gene expression interferes with developmental rate and quality of rabbit embryos. However, a combination of microinjection and vitrification significantly decreases (p < 0.001) the survival rate of rabbit embryos.