Academic literature on the topic 'Rabbit calicivirus'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rabbit calicivirus"

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Enosi Tuipulotu, Daniel, Tulio M. Fumian, Natalie E. Netzler, Jason M. Mackenzie, and Peter A. White. "The Adenosine Analogue NITD008 has Potent Antiviral Activity against Human and Animal Caliciviruses." Viruses 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060496.

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The widespread nature of calicivirus infections globally has a substantial impact on the health and well-being of humans and animals alike. Currently, the only vaccines approved against caliciviruses are for feline and rabbit-specific members of this group, and thus there is a growing effort towards the development of broad-spectrum antivirals for calicivirus infections. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the adenosine analogue NITD008 in vitro using three calicivirus model systems namely; feline calicivirus (FCV), murine norovirus (MNV), and the human norovirus replicon. We show that the nucleoside analogue (NA), NITD008, has limited toxicity and inhibits calicivirus replication in all three model systems with EC50 values of 0.94 μM, 0.91 µM, and 0.21 µM for MNV, FCV, and the Norwalk replicon, respectively. NITD008 has a similar level of potency to the most well-studied NA 2′-C-methylcytidine in vitro. Significantly, we also show that continual NITD008 treatment effectively cleared the Norwalk replicon from cells and treatment with 5 µM NITD008 was sufficient to completely prevent rebound. Given the potency displayed by NITD008 against several caliciviruses, we propose that this compound should be interrogated further to assess its effectiveness in vivo. In summary, we have added a potent NA to the current suite of antiviral compounds and provide a NA scaffold that could be further modified for therapeutic use against calicivirus infections.
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Chasey, David. "Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: the new scourge of Oryctolagus cuniculus." Laboratory Animals 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367797780600279.

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A new, widespread and important disease of rabbits, rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), is concisely reviewed and discussed. RHD is an acute, infectious condition of adult rabbits and morbidity and mortality, after a relatively short incubation period, can be very high. The disease appears typically as a necrotizing hepatitis with associated haemorrhaging, and death occurs as a result of generalized organ dysfunction. RHD is caused by a calicivirus, antigenically related to a similar virus found in brown hares but distinct from other known caliciviruses, and is spread to susceptible rabbits by a number of routes and vectors. The disease is easily identified and can be effectively controlled in commercial and domestic rabbit populations by slaughter and vaccination regimes. The occurrence of pre-existing cross-reacting antibody in a proportion of rabbits unchallenged by the disease implies the presence of non-pathogenic strains of the virus. This antibody protects against disease on subsequent exposure to RHD. Uniquely, pre-existing antibody does not occur in rabbits in Australia where, after accidental release, the virus is currently spreading rapidly.
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Sharp, Andy, Kerry Holmes, Melinda Norton, and Adam Marks. "Observations on the effects of rabbit calicivirus disease on low and medium density rabbit populations in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 23, no. 2 (2001): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj01006.

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Between winter 1995 and winter 1998, seasonal spotlight counts for rabbits were conducted along three transects in western New South Wales. Rabbit Calicivirus (RCV) arrived at the study site in spring 1996 and had an immediate marked effect on rabbit densities. Prior to the advent of Rabbit Calicivirus Disease (RCD), rabbit abundance followed the expected annual pattern of positive growth during the winter to summer period and negligible or negative growth during the summer to winter period. With the arrival of RCV, rabbit abundance was observed to decline by 47% and 75% within low density populations and by 84% within a medium density population. In the subsequent 21 months, the low density populations returned to levels approximating those prior to the arrival of RCV. In contrast, rabbit abundance within the medium density population remained at consistently lowered levels. These data suggest that RCD will have a minimal effect on semi-arid zone rabbit populations below a density of 0.4/ha and that additional management actions will be required to further reduce rabbit abundances.
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Marques, R. M., A. P. Águas, A. Costa-e-Silva, and P. G. Ferreira. "Inflammatory response of young rabbits to calicivirus infection." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S3 (July 2009): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609990559.

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AbstractCaliciviruses cause rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) that kills more than 90% of the infected adult animals within 1 a 3 days of infection. The virus replicates in the liver and causes a fulminant hepatitis in adult rabbits leading to RHD. A mystery of the calicivirus infection is that young rabbits (less than 8-weeks old) are resistant to the infection, in spite of undergoing viral replication in the liver and of expressing transient hepatitis. Heterophils were the predominant inflammatory cells seen in hepatic tissue of infected adult rabbits, whereas mononuclear cells dominated the inflammatory infiltrates of the infected young rabbits (4-weeks-old). In order to define the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the calicivirus infection, we have studied the cellular inflammatory response in young rabbits experimentally infected by calicivirus. For this, we have used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry to identify the inflammatory cells that infiltrate the hepatic tissue of young rabbits at 48 hours of calicivirus infection. In same infected rabbits, lymphoid organs (spleen and thymus) were used to quantify by flow cytometry the total number of leukocytes seen inside these organs.
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Landström, Catharina. "The Australian Rabbit Calicivirus Disease Program." Social Studies of Science 31, no. 6 (December 2001): 912–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631201031006005.

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Bergin, Ingrid L., Annabel G. Wise, Steven R. Bolin, Thomas P. Mullaney, Matti Kiupel, and Roger K. Maes. "Not-So-Novel Michigan Rabbit Calicivirus." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 8 (August 2010): 1331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/1608.100711.

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Jahnke, Marlene, Edward C. Holmes, Peter J. Kerr, John D. Wright, and Tanja Strive. "Evolution and Phylogeography of the Nonpathogenic Calicivirus RCV-A1 in Wild Rabbits in Australia." Journal of Virology 84, no. 23 (September 22, 2010): 12397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00777-10.

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ABSTRACT Despite its potential importance for the biological control of European rabbits, relatively little is known about the evolution and molecular epidemiology of rabbit calicivirus Australia 1 (RCV-A1). To address this issue we undertook an extensive evolutionary analysis of 36 RCV-A1 samples collected from wild rabbit populations in southeast Australia between 2007 and 2009. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the entire capsid sequence, six clades of RCV-A1 were defined, each exhibiting strong population subdivision. Strikingly, our estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor of RCV-A1 coincide with the introduction of rabbits to Australia in the mid-19th century. Subsequent divergence events visible in the RCV-A1 phylogenies likely reflect key moments in the history of the European rabbit in Australia, most notably the bottlenecks in rabbit populations induced by the two viral biocontrol agents used on the Australian continent, myxoma virus and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). RCV-A1 strains therefore exhibit strong phylogeographic separation and may constitute a useful tool to study recent host population dynamics and migration patterns, which in turn could be used to monitor rabbit control in Australia.
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Cooke, Brian, Keith Springer, Lorenzo Capucci, and Greg Mutze. "Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: Macquarie Island rabbit eradication adds to knowledge on both pest control and epidemiology." Wildlife Research 44, no. 2 (2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16221.

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Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), introduced into in Australia and New Zealand as a biological-control agent for wild rabbits, is least efficacious in cool humid areas where a non-pathogenic calicivirus (RCV-A1) also circulates. Heavy rabbit mortality following release of RHDV on cold sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, where RCV-A1 was apparently absent, not only complemented the planned rabbit eradication operations, especially by reducing secondary poisoning of sea-birds from aerial baiting, but also ruled out cool or humid climate as a major limiting factor of disease spread. In turn, this has advanced the idea that RCV-A1 antibodies inhibit RHDV spread as well as reducing disease severity and mortality.
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König, Matthias, Heinz-Jürgen Thiel, and Gregor Meyers. "Detection of Viral Proteins after Infection of Cultured Hepatocytes with Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus." Journal of Virology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 4492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.5.4492-4497.1998.

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ABSTRACT The calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), which replicates predominantly in the livers of infected rabbits, cannot be propagated in tissue culture. To enable the performance of in vitro studies, rabbit hepatocytes were isolated by liver perfusion and gradient centrifugation. After inoculation with purified RHDV, more than 50% of the cells proved to be infected. Protein analyses led to the detection of 13 RHDV-specific polypeptides within the infected cells. These proteins were assigned to defined regions of the viral genome, resulting in a refined model of RHDV genome organization.
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Beale, Bob. "Attack of the killer rabbits: how the rabbit calicivirus story escaped." Australian Zoologist 32, no. 2 (February 2003): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2003.015.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rabbit calicivirus"

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Peacey, Matthew, and n/a. "Creation and investigation of a versatile Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus-like particle vaccine." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080215.155033.

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There is a need to develop a range different VLP for use as nanoscale templates and vaccines. The aim of this research was to develop RHDV VLP as a versatile vaccine delivery system easily modified for use against a wide range of different diseases. Production of Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) capsid protein in a baculovirus system led to the self-assembly of Virus-like Particles (VLP) that could be purified to greater than 99% purity using simple methods. The capsid gene, vp60, can be manipulated genetically to incorporate immunogenic peptide sequences or a functional DNA-binding site. Fusion of these small epitopes to VP60 was well tolerated, forming VLP and greatly enhanced the presentation of peptide to, and activation of CD4+ T helper cell hybridoma. To avoid constraints imposed on chimeric VLP and dramatically increase the versatility of RHDV VLP, rapid conjugation of antigen was carried out, employing the hetero-bifunctional chemical linker, sulpho-SMCC. Incorporation of sulfhydral groups by design or treatment with SATA allowed for great versatility, in turn enabling many diverse peptides and proteins to be conjugated to VLP. RHDV VLP and consequently the conjugated GFP antigen were efficiently taken up by DC with more than 85% of DC positive for GFP by flow cytometry. This was also visualised by confocal microscopy and electron microscopy of both gold- labelled VLP and conjugated antigen. RHDV VLP conjugate was shown to induce the significant up regulation of the activation markers CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II on the surface of dendritic cells (DC). As well, DC pulsed with RHDV VLP/OVA effectively presented OVA to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells transgenic for respective peptide-specific T cell receptors, eliciting a greater proliferative response in both T cell subsets than antigen delivered alone. The surface accessibility of peptides on VLP was demonstrated, while administration of VLP/Ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate in mice was shown to evoke very high titre antibody responses specific for conjugated antigen. VLP/OVA conjugates were also shown to induce IFN-γ production and OVA-specific cytotoxic killing in vivo, of up to 80% of fluorescently labelled, adoptively transferred target cells. No distinguishable cytotoxicity was detected in unimmunised control mice. This assay was also used to demonstrate the necessity for antigen to be conjugated to VLP, as antigen mixed with VLP induced only sub-optimal killing. To investigate the anti-tumour effects, mice vaccinated with VLP conjugated to OVA protein, CD4+ or CD8+ T cell OVA epitopes were inoculated with B16- OVA tumour cells and monitored for tumour growth. Untreated control mice had to be sacrificed by day 19, while mice immunised with either VLP/OVA or VLP conjugated with both CD4+ and CD8+ OVA epitopes, showed a significant delay in tumour growth (P = 0.0002), with one mouse remaining free of palpable tumour until day 92. These results show that RHDV VLP can be easily produced and purified and demonstrate the versatility of this RHDV capsid. Rapid conjugation techniques allowed the modification of VLP with both peptide and protein rendered these antigens highly immunogenic, stimulating both humoral and cell-mediated immunity targeted against conjugated antigens of choice. The versatility and immune stimulating properties of RHDV VLP provides a molecular tool with almost limitless applications within the fields of nanotechnology and immunology.
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White, Peter John. "Epidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249158.

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Fiorentino, Francesca. "Mathematical models of the impact of rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD) on the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446810/.

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This thesis relates to the work of building a mathematical model of the impact of Rabbit Calicivirus Disease (RCD) on the European Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia. After introducing the general biology of rabbits and the immunology of RCD, we build a time-dependent single site model. We construct a single-site population dynamic model with age structure, seasonal birth rate, density dependent regulation of the population size and climatic variability for various regions of Australia. After investigating suitable parameter ranges, we incorporate the disease dynamics through an indirect transmission model based on two different hypotheses which we call the Strong Juvenile hypothesis and the Weak Juvenile hypothesis. These differ in their assumption about Juvenile immunity to the disease. The ecological impact of both hypotheses is tested for both the single site and multiple site (spatial) models. The disease impact is investigated by varying the disease virulence, i.e. a parameter measuring the "strength" of the virus. Subsequently, a multiple site (spatial) model for the Riverina region is built by using the single-site model as building block. Data from Lake Urana is used to parameterize a seasonal emigration rate from each site. Density dependent immigration is added together with a hazard coefficient which rabbits face when leaving one site and trying to become established in another. Acceptance in a new site is regulated by the population density at the entry site. Several spatial configurations of sites are tested and the spatial dynamics of the disease is investigated. Finally, we construct a model to investigate the long term evolution of the disease virus. We postulate the existence of several strains of the disease and trade-offs between disease characteristics. We allow for mutation of the virus and run the model for two contrasting geographical regions of Australia. We compare the results for the different regions and the different hypotheses regarding Juvenile immunity (the Strong Juvenile hypothesis and the Weak Juvenile hypothesis). It is shown, unexpectedly, that intermediate levels of disease virulence are not selected.
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Le, Gall Ghislaine. "Calicivirus des lagomorphes : détermination de la séquence nucléotidique de l'EBHSV (european brown hare syndrome virus) : épidémiologie moléculaire des virus EBHSV et RHDV(rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus)." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES3103.

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Laurent, Sylvie. "Étude de la protéine de capside des calicivirus des lagomorphes RHDV (Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus) et EBHSV (European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus) : antigénicité, vaccination et assemblage." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1029.

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Les virus RHDV (Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus) et EBHSV (European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus) ont été décrits pour la première fois sur le continent européen au début des années 1980. Ces deux virus, responsables d'hépatites nécrosantes, sont capables de tuer 90% d'une population de lapins ou de lièvres en moins 48h. Ils ont été affiliés récemment à la famille des Caliciviridae. Les calicivirus possèdent un génome à ARN simple brin de polarité positive et sont composés d'une simple capside constituée d'une unique protéine structurale de 60KDa. Les protéines de capside de RHDV et EBHSV ont été exprimées dans le système baculovirus/cellules d'insecte. Les protéines de capside recombinantes produites en quantité massive ont été retrouvées dans le surnageant de culture sous la forme de pseudo-particules, présentant les mêmes caractéristiques morphologiques et antigéniques que les virions infectieux. Les particules recombinantes de RHDV utilisées dans des tests de vaccination ont conféré une protection équivalente à celle démontrée par les vaccins actuellement commercialisés. L'étude de la séroconversion des lapins vaccinés a mis en évidence le rôle clef de la réponse humorale dans la protection contre la maladie. Ces résultats ont conduit à l'élaboration d'un vaccin recombinant actuellement en cours de développement industriel. L'utilisation des particules recombinantes de RHDV et de EBHSV lors d'études comparatives, réalisées à l'aide de plusieurs anticorps monoclonaux anti-RHDV et anti-EBHSV, ont permis de caractériser les réactions antigéniques croisées entre les deux virus. Ces résultats couplés à ceux de tests de protection croisée ont permis de classer ces deux virus dans deux sérotypes du même sérogroupe au sein de la famille des Caliciviridae. Plusieurs données concernant l'assemblage des calicivirus, obtenues par l'analyse des particules recombinantes en conditions non dénaturantes, ainsi que par l'analyse des séquences peptidiques, sont discutées.
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Keefer, Nathan K. "Isolation and partial characterization of a cultivable rabbit calicivirus, RaCv Ory-1." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33701.

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This report describes the partial characterization of the first cultivable calicivirus isolated from a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), named rabbit calicivirus Oryctolagus-1 and abbreviated RaCv Ory-1. RaCv Ory-1 was isolated from juvenile feeder rabbits displaying symptoms of diarrhea. Absence of neutralization by type specific neutralizing antibodies for 40 caliciviruses and phylogenetic sequence comparisons among the caliciviruses of partial ORF1 and complete ORF2 and ORF3 sequences demonstrate that RaCv Ory-1 is a novel member of the marine calicivirus sub-group. Phylogenetic evaluation of the Caliciviridae indicates that analyses using pooled 3D-polymerase and capsid sequences are more statistically robust than identically executed analyses of single gene sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis of pooled 3D-polymerase and capsid a.a. sequences show canine calicivirus isolate 48 (CaCv-48) to be an intermediate species which forms a node approximately equidistant to the feline, marine, and Sapporo-like caliciviruses. RaCV Ory-1 is suggested as a possible cultivable model of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.
Graduation date: 1999
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Books on the topic "Rabbit calicivirus"

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Wilkinson, Roger. Public attitudes to rabbit calicivirus disease in New Zealand. Lincoln, N.Z: Manaaki Whenua Press, 1998.

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Keefer, Nathan K. Isolation and partial characterization of a cultivable rabbit calicivirus, RaCv Ory-1. 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rabbit calicivirus"

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Lavazza, Antonio, and Lorenzo Capucci. "How Many Caliciviruses are there in Rabbits? A Review on RHDV and Correlated Viruses." In Lagomorph Biology, 263–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72446-9_18.

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Fitzgerald, Gerard, and Roger Wilkinson. "Doing good, doing harm? Public debate about Rabbit Calicivirus Disease in New Zealand." In Restructuring Global and Regional Agricultures, 221–35. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429448355-14.

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Richardson, B. J. "Calicivirus, myxoma virus and the wild rabbit in Australia: a tale of three invasions." In New Challenges to Health, 67–88. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511754883.005.

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