Academic literature on the topic 'Rabaul Caldera, magma mixing'

Summary We test an innovative inversion scheme using Green's functions from an array of pressure sources embedded in finite-element method (FEM) models to image, without assuming an a-priori geometry, the composite and complex shape of a volcano deformation source. We invert interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data to estimate the pressurization and shape of the magma reservoir of Rabaul caldera, Papua New Guinea. The results image the extended shallow magmatic system responsible for a broad and long-term subsidence of the caldera between 2007 February and 2010 December. Elastic FEM solutions are integrated into the regularized linear inversion of InSAR data of volcano surface displacements in order to obtain a 3-D image of the source of deformation. The Green's function matrix is constructed from a library of forward line-of-sight displacement solutions for a grid of cubic elementary deformation sources. Each source is sequentially generated by removing the corresponding cubic elements from a common meshed domain and simulating the injection of a fluid mass flux into the cavity, which results in a pressurization and volumetric change of the fluid-filled cavity. The use of a single mesh for the generation of all FEM models avoids the computationally expensive process of non-linear inversion and remeshing a variable geometry domain. Without assuming an a-priori source geometry other than the configuration of the 3-D grid that generates the library of Green's functions, the geodetic data dictate the geometry of the magma reservoir as a 3-D distribution of pressure (or flux of magma) within the source array. The inversion of InSAR data of Rabaul caldera shows a distribution of interconnected sources forming an amorphous, shallow magmatic system elongated under two opposite sides of the caldera. The marginal areas at the sides of the imaged magmatic system are the possible feeding reservoirs of the ongoing Tavurvur volcano eruption of andesitic products on the east side and of the past Vulcan volcano eruptions of more evolved materials on the west side. The interconnection and spatial distributions of sources correspond to the petrography of the volcanic products described in the literature and to the dynamics of the single and twin eruptions that characterize the caldera. The ability to image the complex geometry of deformation sources in both space and time can improve our ability to monitor active volcanoes, widen our understanding of the dynamics of active volcanic systems and improve the predictions of eruptions.

Datos geoquímicos y petrográficos acerca de las lavas anteriores de la caldera del Volcán de Fuego de Colima indican dos procesos magmáticos; cristalización fraccionada y mezcla de magma. Estos procesos pudieron suceder juntos, de tal manera que sus efectos se adicionan. Se distinguen tres tipos de mezcla: (i): mezcla entre nuevas inyecciones de magma profundo y minerales máficos acumulados en la parte inferior de la cámara magmática somera (ii): Mezcla, en la cámara, entre este magma juvenil (anteriormente diferenciado o no en una cámara más profunda, contaminando por olivino y clinopiroxeno o no) y un magma diferenciado de composición andesítica o dacítica. (iii) Mezcla por convección entre magmas ya diferenciados, por separación de minerales, o mezcla, o por ambos procesos, a diferentes niveles en la cámara somera.

AbstractThe Kruidfontein volcanic complex is a Proterozoic collapsed carbonatitic caldera structure, the inner caldera of which is filled with carbonatitic bedded volcaniclastic rocks cut by carbonatite dykes, and the outer with bedded silicate tuffs. As well as numerous fragments of phonolitic pumice in the silicate tuffs, there are unusual banded fragments composed of alternating silicate and carbonate compositions which appear to have been originally glasses, and which give evidence for mechanical mixing of magmas which may originally have been magmas separated by liquid immiscibility. The fragments have also been strongly fenitized with the introduction of K and the replacement of Al by Fe.

AbstractExtensional tectonics in the Late Paleozoic Central Europe was accompanied by rift magmatism that triggered voluminous intracontinental caldera-forming eruptions. Among these, the Lower Permian Rochlitz Volcanic System (RVS) in the North Saxon Volcanic Complex (Eastern Germany, Saxony) represents a supereruption (VEI 8, estimated volume of 1056 km3) of monotonous rhyolites followed by monotonous intermediates. Mapping, petrography, whole-rock geochemistry along with mineral chemistry and oxygen isotopes in zircon display its complex eruption history and magma evolution. Crystal-rich (> 35 vol%), rhyolitic Rochlitz-α Ignimbrite with strong to moderate welding compaction erupted in the climactic stage after reheating of the magma by basaltic injections. Due to magma mixing, low-volume trachydacitic-to-rhyolitic Rochlitz-β Ignimbrite succeeded, characterized by high Ti and Zr-values and zircon with mantle δ18O. Randomly oriented, sub-horizontally bedded fiamme, and NW–SE striking subvolcanic bodies and faults suggest pyroclastic fountaining along NW–SE-oriented fissures as the dominant eruption style. Intrusion of the Leisnig and the Grimma Laccoliths caused resurgence of the Rochlitz caldera forming several peripheral subbasins. In the post-climactic stage, these were filled with lava complexes, ignimbrites and alluvial to lacustrine sediments. Significant Nb and Ta anomalies and high Nb/Ta ratios (11.8–17.9) display a high degree of crustal contamination for the melts of the RVS. Based on homogenous petrographic and geochemical composition along with a narrow range of δ18O in zircon Rochlitz-α Ignimbrite were classified as monotonous rhyolites. For the Rochlitz-β Ignimbrites, underplating and mixing with basic melts are indicated by Mg-rich annite–siderophyllite and δ18O < 6.0 in zircon. The wide spectrum of δ18O on zircon suggests an incomplete mixing process during the formation of monotonous intermediates in the RVS.

ABSTRACTStructural and topographic relief along the eastern margin of the Rio Grande rift, northern New Mexico, provides a remarkable cross-section through the 26-Ma Questa caldera and cogenetic volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Latir field. Exposed levels increase in depth from mid-Tertiary depositional surfaces in northern parts of the igneous complex to plutonic rocks originally at 3–5 km depths in the S. Erosional remnants of an ash-flow sheet of weakly peralkaline rhyolite (Amalia Tuff) and andesitic to dacitic precursor lavas, disrupted by rift-related faults, are preserved as far as 45 km beyond their sources at the Questa caldera. Broadly comagmatic 26 Ma batholithic granitic rocks, exposed over an area of 20 by 35 km, range from mesozonal granodiorite to epizonal porphyritic granite and aplite; shallower and more silicic phases are mostly within the caldera. Compositionally and texturally distinct granites define resurgent intrusions within the caldera and discontinuous ring dikes along its margins; a batholithic mass of granodiorite extends 20 km S of the caldera and locally grades vertically to granite below its flat-lying roof. A negative Bouguer gravity anomaly (15–20 mgal), which encloses exposed granitic rocks and coincides with boundaries of the Questa caldera, defines boundaries of the shallow batholith, emplaced low in the volcanic sequence and in underlying Precambrian rocks. Palaeomagnetic pole positions indicate that successively crystallised granitic plutons cooled through Curie temperatures during the time of caldera formation, initial regional extension, and rotational tilting of the volcanic rocks. Isotopic ages for most intrusions are indistinguishable from the volcanic rocks. These relations indicate that the batholithic complex broadly represents the source magma for the volcanic rocks, into which the Questa caldera collapsed, and that the magma was largely liquid during regional tectonic disruption.Volcanic and plutonic magmas (1) changed from early high-K calc-alkaline to alkalic prior to caldera eruptions; (2) differentiated to a weakly peralkaline rhyolite and equivalent acmiteartvedsonite granite cap (underlain by calc-alkaline granite) when the caldera formed at 26·5 Ma; then (3) reverted to calc-alkaline compositions. Concentrations of alkalis and minor elements such as Rb, Th, U, Nb, Zr, and Y reached maxima at the caldera stage. The volcanic rocks constitute intermittently quenched samples of upper parts of Questa magma bodies at early stages of crystallisation; in contrast, the comagmatic granitic rocks preserve an integrated record of protracted crystallisation of the magmatic residue as eruptions diminished. Multiple differentiation processes were active during evolution of the Questa magmatic system: crystal fractionation, replenishment by mantle and lower crustal melts of varying chemical and isotopic character, mixing of evolved with more primitive magmas, upper crustal assimilation, and perhaps volatile-transfer processes. As a result, an evolving batholithic cluster of coalesced magma chambers generated diverse assemblages of broadly cogenetic rocks within a few million years. Evolution of the Questa magmatic system and similar high-level Tertiary granitic batholiths nearby in the southern Rocky Mountains provides broad insights into magmatic processes in continental regions such as the overall shapes of batholiths, time and compositional relations between cogenetic volcanic and plutonic rocks, density equilibration of magmas with country rocks, and thermal evolution of continental crust.

AbstractThe Palaeogene Eskdalemuir dyke, part of the Mull dyke swarm in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, is ~60 km long and up to 40 m thick. Its southern tip is 230 km from the inferred source on Mull. The dyke is composite, with tholeiitic basaltic margins and a vitreous central facies ranging from basaltic andesite to andesite in composition. Plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts and matrix crystals in the central facies show unusually large compositional ranges and complex textural relationships. Wholerock major and trace-element abundances show linear variations against MgO content, consistent with the rocks in the central facies having formed by mixing of basalt and rhyolite magmas. The rhyolite can be closely matched by rocks from the Mull centre. The mafic and silicic magmas were intruded from a compositionally zoned chamber beneath Mull, perhaps during collapse of the Centre 1 caldera. The lower-viscosity basaltic magma was emplaced before, but lubricated the lateral propagation of, the silicic magma, which mixed with the partially solidified basalt, the proportion of rhyolite increasing towards the dyke centre. The Eskdalemuir dyke represents an unusual, perhaps unique, example of a rhyolite magma being emplaced >200 km from its inferred source. The supposed correlative of the Eskdalemuir dyke north of the Southern Uplands Fault, the Dalraith-Linburn dyke, is not comagmatic with it.

The initial phase (Phase 1 - 19 September 1994 to 16 April 1995) of the current (1994-2003) eruption at Rabaul Caldera occurred with synchronous vulcanian and vulcanian-plinian eruptions from Tavurvur and Vulcan, respectively, on opposing sides of the caldera. A second phase of activity (Phase 2), beginning on 28 November 1995 and continuing until the present (2003), is characterised by intermittent vulcanian and strombolian eruptions that are restricted to Tavurvur, on the northeastern side of Rabaul Caldera...Comparison with dacite magma compositions erupted in 1937-1943, 1878, and during the recent prehistoric era and the presence of plagioclase phenocrysts reflecting older basalt-dacite magma interaction events (i.e., anorthite cores overgrown with thick andesine rims). The petrologic and geochemical observations made in this study indicate the shallow magma system at Rabaul Caldera has been subject to repeated mafic magma injection since, and also during, the latest caldera-fonning eruption about 1400 years BP. The frequency and repeated occurrence of these injections may maintain a near steadystate system that is characterized by the persistent eruption of similar, crystal-poor dacite compositions over the last 1400 years, and the presence at shallow level of a large volume of dacite magma beneath Rabaul Caldera (Finlayson et al., 2003; Mori et al., 1989).
The Australian overseas Aid Agency (AusAID), in the form of an AusAID Scholarship Award. The ACT branch of the Geological Society for funding my participation at the 16th Australian Geological Convention held in Adelaide in July 2002. The Department of Mining for paying for air tickets and allowance for my family.

Fractional crystallization, magma mixing, assimilation of continental crust, and how those processes modify volatile budgets, control the evolution of magma. As a consequence, the understanding of these processes, their magnitudes, and timescales is critical for interpreting ancient magma systems, their eruptions, and the potential future volcanic activity. In this dissertation I present the results of three projects. The first explores how magmatic processes affect magma reservoirs and eruption dynamics. The second explores where in the storage system and how often these processes occur. The third explores how volatile budgets are modified by processes such as crystallization, mixing, and assimilation. Volcán Popocatépetl (central México) erupted ~14100 14C yr BP producing the Tutti Frutti Plinian Eruption (TFPE). The eruption tapped two different silicic magmas that mixed just prior and during the eruption. The influx of mass and volatiles generated during the mixing of both magmas overpressured the reservoir, which was weakened at the top. The weakened reservoir relaxed while magma was tapped and collapsed to form a caldera at the surface. Although it is known that fractional crystallization, mixing, and assimilation can greatly modify magmas, the frequency and intensity of these events is not known. I investigated the magmatic processes responsible for the evolution of magmas erupted during five Plinian events of Popocatépetl volcano. Results show that during the last 23 ky magma was stored in two different zones, and was variably modified by replenishments of mafic magma. Interestingly, little evidence for large mafic inputs triggering explosive eruptions was found. Each of these processes alters the abundances of volatiles and introduces different types of volatiles to the system. Hence, the volatile budget of magma can have a rich and complex history. To investigate how volatile budgets evolve in active magma systems, I analyzed the abundances of volatiles (H2O, CO2, F, Cl, and S) in numerous glass inclusions trapped in phenocrysts. Results show that the magmas that produced the last five Plinian eruptions at Popocatépetl volcano evolved by crystallization and magma mixing, assimilation of the local carbonate basement is not chemically appreciable. Mixing with mafic magmas added substantial CO2 and S to the system, dewatered the magma, yet produced little change in the F contents of the magmas.
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Η περιοχή Κω – Νισύρου βρίσκεται στο ανατολικότερο άκρο του ενεργού ηφαιστειακού τόξου του νοτίου Αιγαίου, Τεταρτογενούς ηλικίας και περιλαμβάνει τα νησιά Κω και Νίσυρο και τις νησίδες του Γυαλιού, της Στρογγύλης, της Παχειάς και της Πυργούσας. Η ηφαιστειακή δραστηριότητα στη Κω χαρακτηρίζεται από Άνω – Μειοκαινικές ιγκνιμβριτικές (πυρομβριτικές) αποθέσεις και από Πλειοκαινικά – Πλειστοκαινικά ηφαιστειακά προϊόντα όπως τους ηφαιστειακούς δόμους, την πυροκλαστική ακολουθία της Κεφάλου, τους υδρομαγματικούς τόφφους και τον σε μεγάλη έκταση πυροκλαστικό σχηματισμό «τόφφο της Κω» (Kos Plateau Tuff) αποθέσεις του οποίου εντοπίζονται και στα νησιά της Καλύμνου, της Ψερίμου και της Τήλου. Η Νίσυρος είναι ένα στρωματοηφαίστειο δομημένο από Πλειοκαινικά ηφαιστειακά προϊόντα που αποτελούνται κυρίως από ανδεσίτες και βασαλτικούς ανδεσίτες πάνω στους οποίους αποτέθηκαν ασβεσταλκαλικά ηφαιστειακά προϊόντα δακιτικής – ρυοδακιτικής σύστασης με την μορφή πυροκλαστικών αποθέσεων, ροών λάβας και δόμων λάβας. Οι νησίδες του Γυαλιού, της Στρογγύλης, της Παχειάς και της Πυργούσας αποτελούνται από Πλειοκαινικούς δόμους ρυολιθικής (Γυαλί), ανδεσιτικής (Στρογγύλη) και δακιτικής σύστασης (Παχειά και Πυργούσα) οι οποίοι φιλοξενούν πυροκλαστικές αποθέσεις της ανώτερης κίσσηρης του Γυαλιού (Στρογγύλη) και ενότητες του τόφφου της Κω (ΚΡΤ) και της Παναγιάς Κυράς (Παχειά και Πυργούσα). Στη παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή στόχος είναι η πετρογραφική, ορυκτοχημική και γεωχημική μελέτη των ηφαιστειακών προϊόντων της ευρύτερης περιοχής Κω-Νισύρου και η αποτύπωση ηφαιστειακών δομών και μορφολογικών στοιχείων. Σκοπός είναι η κατανόηση της ηφαιστειακής εξέλιξης με την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων που αφορούν τη συγγενετική σχέση των μαγματικών προϊόντων, φαινόμενα μίξης, τους μαγματικούς θαλάμους και την επιφανειακή έκφραση αυτών (καλδέρες). Για το σκοπό αυτό μελετήθηκε η γεωχημική συγγενετική σχέση του τόφφου της Κω (Kos Plateau Tuff) στην Κω – Κάλυμνο – Τήλο και η γεωχημική διαφοροποίηση των πιο βίαιων και εκρηκτικών μονάδων D και E του ιγκνιμβρίτη της Κω επιβεβαιώνοντας τη στρωματογραφική συσχέτιση των αποθέσεων αυτών όπως έχει παρουσιαστεί από δεδομένα κυρίως φυσικής ηφαιστειολογίας. Από την πετροχημική μελέτη της περιοχής Κω – Νισύρου ως ένα ενιαίο «ηφαιστειακό σύμπλεγμα» προκύπτει ότι η ηφαιστειότητα της περιοχής διαχωρίζεται σε Μειοκαινική με προϊόντα όπως ο μονζονίτης και οι Μειοκαινικοί ιγκνιμβρίτες της Κω και σε Πλειο – Πλειοστοκαινική με ηφαιστειακά προϊόντα όπως οι δόμοι και τα πυροκλαστικά από την Κω, το Γυαλί και την Νίσυρο όπου διαφαίνεται η συγγενετική μαγματική σχέση των πετρωμάτων αυτών. Από τη μέθοδο της Συμβολομετρίας «Nomarski» προκύπτει ότι φαινόμενα μαγματικής μίξης/ανάδευσης είναι αναμφισβήτητα και παρέχουν αποδείξεις ότι τα φαινόμενα αυτά ήταν ενεργά καθ’ όλη την διάρκεια της εξέλιξης του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου. Με την χρήση υπαίθριων παρατηρήσεων και τηλεπισκοπικών μεθόδων εντοπίστηκαν μορφές καλδερών στην ευρύτερη περιοχή Κω – Νισύρου οι οποίες χαρακτηρίσθηκαν και ταξινομήθηκαν σύμφωνα με νέες αντιλήψεις επί της ηφαιστειακής εξέλιξης. Στη συνέχεια μελετήθηκαν οι ηφαιστειακές δομές του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου με την χρήση της Τηλεπισκόπησης μέσω της φωτοερμηνείας από δορυφορικές εικόνες και ψηφιακά υψομετρικά μοντέλα εδάφους και με την χρήση της γεωμορφομετρικής ανάλυσης συνδυάζοντας γεωμορφο-τεκτονικά χαρακτηριστικά του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου όπως αυτά παρουσιάζονται από άλλους ερευνητές και νέες αντιλήψεις επί της ηφαιστειακής ανάπτυξη. Επίσης, παρουσιάζεται ένα μοντέλο πρωτο-καλδερικής, καλδερικής και μετα-καλδερικής εξέλιξης του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου με βάση νέες αντιλήψεις επί της ηφαιστειακής εξέλιξης και σε σχέση με την στρωματογραφική του εξέλιξη. Τέλος, μελετήθηκαν οι υποηφαιστειακοί μαγματικοί θάλαμοι της περιοχής Κω – Νισύρου και τα φαινόμενα μίξης στο ηφαίστειο της Νισύρου με τη μέθοδο της Συμβολομετρίας «Nomarski» και την κατανομή των κύριων στοιχείων, ιχνοστοιχείων και σπανίων γαιών παρουσιάζοντας τον συγγενετικό χαρακτήρα αυτών των κέντρων, ορίζοντας την ευρύτερη ηφαιστειακή περιοχή Κω – Νισύρου ως ένα κύριο ηφαιστειακό κέντρο το οποίο χαρακτηρίζεται από ένα σύνθετο καλδερικό σύστημα. Η αειφορική διαχείριση του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου είναι το μέσο με το οποίο μπορεί νε συνδυαστεί η ηφαιστειολογική εξέλιξη με την περιβαλλοντική διατήρηση και προβολή της ευρύτερης περιοχής ως γεωτόπου. Από την διερεύνηση της υφιστάμενης κατάστασης του νησιού διαπιστώνεται ότι ενώ η Νίσυρος διαθέτει ένα υψηλό περιβαλλοντικό, ενεργειακό, κοινωνικό, πολιτιστικό και οικονομικό δυναμικό, αυτό παραμένει ανεκμετάλλευτο και αναξιοποίητο λόγω της έλλειψης ενός ολοκληρωμένου σχεδίου αειφορικής διαχείρισης βάση του οποίου θα λαμβάνονται οι αποφάσεις ισότιμα, ισοδύναμα, ταυτόχρονα και αρμονικά. Με βάση την μελέτη των υδατικών πόρων, την καταγραφή του ενεργειακού δυναμικού από ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας, την διαχείριση του φυσικού και δομημένου περιβάλλοντος του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου, την μελέτη των επιπτώσεων, θετικών και αρνητικών, της ύπαρξης εξορυκτικής βιομηχανίας στην περιοχή προτάθηκε ένα ολοκληρωμένο σχέδιο αειφόρου ανάπτυξης, προσαρμοσμένο στις απόψεις και τοποθετήσεις, της άμεσα ενδιαφερόμενης, τοπικής κοινωνίας. Από αυτό το ολοκληρωμένο σχέδιο προκύπτουν προτάσεις για την ολοκληρωμένη διαχείριση του ηφαιστείου της Νισύρου οι οποίες ικανοποιούν ισότιμα, ισοδύναμα, ταυτόχρονα και αρμονικά τις αρχές της αειφόρου ανάπτυξης στοχεύοντας στον επαναπροσανατολισμό της τοπικής οικονομίας, την διαχείριση του φυσικού και δομημένου περιβάλλοντος και την κοινωνική ανάπτυξη.
The Kos - Nisyros study area is located at the easternmost edge of the active Quaternary volcanic arc of the southern Aegean Sea and includes the islands of Kos and Nisyros and the islets of Gyali, Strongyli, Pachia and Pyrgoussa. The volcanic activity of Kos island is characterized by Upper – Miocene ignimbrite deposits and Pliocene - Pleistocene volcanic products such as volcanic domes, the Kefalos pyroclastic sequence of hydromagmatic tuffs and the large-scale pyroclastic formation Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) deposits which is also found on the Kalymnos, Pserimos and Tilos islands. Nisyros is a calcalkaline stratovolcano which consists of Pliocene volcanic products such as andesite and basaltic andesite lavas that are overlain by pyroclastic deposits, lava flows and lava domes of dacitic – rhyodacitic composition. The islets of Gyali, Strongyli, Pachia and Pyrgoussa represent Pliocene lava domes of rhyolitic (Gyali), andesitic (Strogyli) and dacitic composition (Pachia and Pyrgoussa) On these domes, pyroclastic deposits of the Upper Pumice unit of Gyali (in Strogyli) and pyroclastic deposits of the Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) and Panayia Kyra formation (in Pachia and Pyrgoussa) have been identified. In this thesis, the volcanic products of the Kos-Nisyros area are examined using mineral chemistry, geochemical and petrographical methods, while volcanic structures and morphological features are identified and mapped using remote sensing techniques. The aim of this thesis is to understand the volcanic evolution of the study area, by drawing conclusions regarding the consanguineous relationship of the magmatic products, magma mixing phenomena and the magma chamber system of the area, as well as, the surface expression of this magma chamber system in the form of caldera structures. For this purpose, in this thesis, it is investigated the consanguineous relationship of the Kos Tuff (Kos Plateau Tuff) found on Kos, Tilos and Kalymnos islands, as well as, the geochemical differentiation of the most violent and explosive ignimbrite units D and E of the Kos Tuff, confirming the stratigraphic correlation of these deposits as it was previously presented by physical volcanology data. The petrochemical study of the Kos - Nisyros area as a single "volcanic complex" reveals that the volcanism of the study area is divided into a Miocene and a Pliocene – Pleistocene activity. The Miocene activity is characterized by magmatic and volcanic products such as the monzonite of Kos and the Miocene ignimbrites of Kos and the Pliocene – Pleistocene volcanic activity consists of volcanic products such as lava domes and pyroclastic deposits from Kos, Gyali and Nisyros volcanoes where it is revealed the consanguineous magmatic relationship of these Pliocene – Pleistocene products. Using “Nomarski” interferometry method it is revealed that magma mixing/mingling phenomena are unquestionable for the magma chamber system of Nisyros and provide evidence that these phenomena were active throughout the volcanic evolution of Nisyros volcano. Field observations and remote sensing methods revealed caldera structures in the Kos - Nisyros area which are identified and classified according to new perceptions regarding the volcanic evolution. The volcanic structures of Nisyros volcano are examined using remote sensing methods such as satellite image and digital elevation models interpretation, as well as, the geomorphometric analysis of the Nisyros terrain in combination with geomorphotectonic features of the volcano as presented by other researchers and new perceptions on the volcanic evolution. It is also presented a model of proto-caldera, caldera and post-caldera evolution of Nisyros volcano based on new perceptions on the volcanic evolution in relation to the stratigraphic evolution. Finally, it is studied the subvolcanic magma chamber system of the Kos - Nisyros area, as well as, mixing phenomena in the volcano of Nisyros using the “Nomarski” interferometry method and the distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements revealing the consanguineous nature of these volcanic centers by providing the widest volcanic area of Kos - Nisyros as a major volcanic center characterized by a complex caldera system. Sustainable development of Nisyros volcano represents a management tool which combines the volcanic evolution with the environmental preservation and can promote volcanic regions as geotopes. The investigation of the present conditions of the island reveals, despite the fact that Nisyros is characterized by a strong environmental, energy, social, cultural and economic potential, it remains undeveloped and unexploited due to lack of an integrated sustainable development management plan, based on which, decisions should be equal, equivalent simultaneously and in harmony. Based on the study of the Nisyros water resources, the energy potential from renewable energy sources, the management of natural and urban environment of the volcano of Nisyros and the study of the positive and/or negative effects of the mining industry in Gyali volcanic islet it is proposed an integrated sustainable development according to the views and the perspectives of the local community. From this intergraded plan are generated recommendations for an integrated management of the volcano of Nisyros which satisfy equal, equivalent, simultaneously and in harmony the principles of sustainable development aiming to refocus the local economy, the management of natural and urban environment and the social development.