Journal articles: 'RAAF'

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Brinkman, Anouk. "Johan de Raaf." Pallium 16, no. 1 (February 2014): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12479-014-0002-x.

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Houston, Michael, Kevin Watters, Juergen Moews, and Ross Stewart. "QinetiQ Aircraft Structural Integrity Experience and Lessons Learnt." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1077.

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QinetiQ has been the primary engineering support contractor to the RAAF airworthiness section (ASI-DGTA) since 1996. Over that 16 year time period many airworthiness investigations and assessments of structural integrity have been performed on a wide variety of RAAF aircraft types and Army rotary wing aircraft. A complete capability has been developed to manage structural fatigue in accordance with airworthiness standards, and indeed to transition the management of an aircraft from a design standard to a preferred RAAF management standard in response to capability requirements. Many important lessons have been learnt and have reinforced the capability. This paper describes some of the major programs that QinetiQ has undertaken for the RAAF, and the lessons learnt from them.

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Keurlings, Pim, Frans van Horne, and Julius Janssen. "De pancoasttumor: witte raaf bij schouderpijn." Huisarts en wetenschap 60, no. 8 (August 2017): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12445-017-0249-7.

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Janardhana, Madabhushi, Charles Davies, Adam Bowler, and David Zemel. "Influence of Advances in Technologies for the Management of Aircraft Structural Integrity within RAAF." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.455.

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The basic concept of an Aircraft Stuctural Integrity Program is to ensure that airframes are adequately managed to ensure safe operation without catastrophic failure, to maximise fleet availibilty and to minimise cost of ownership. In managing these three aspects, a number of conventional and advanced technologies are being adopted and applied within the RAAF. Composites and bonding technology has been developed and transitioned onto various RAAF aircraft over many years in the form of Bonded Patch Repairs to airframe structures (wing and fuselage). Based upon conventional heat treatment behaviour of aluminium alloys, Retrogressive Re-Ageing technology is being transitioned to minimise stress corrosion cracking. From structural mechanics and FEA technologies, Geometric Shape Optimisation methods have been applied to minimise peak stress thresholds within aged airframe structures. To manage structural degredation (fatigue and corrosion) a number sensor-based monitors are being developed and applied on RAAF aircraft. Finally, using the reliability methodology, a proactive management program to assess the extent of corrosion degradation within a whole aircraft is being instituted. This methodology is being articulated through a new paradigm known as “Environmental Degradation Management System – Tool Box” (EDMS-TB). Within RAAF it can be demonstrated that candidate technologies which are adopted have direct and in-direct positive influences within ASIPs to address the key structural integrity parameters of Safety, Availability and Cost of Ownership.

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McCusker, J. H., and J. E. Haber. "Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 6 (June 1990): 2941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.6.2941-2949.1990.

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Four new complementation groups of mutations which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. These mutants were isolated on medium containing urea as the nitrogen source, in contrast to previous studies that had used medium containing proline. All four resistance to amino acid analog (raa) complementation groups appear to confer resistance by reducing amino acid analog and amino acid uptake. In some genetic backgrounds, raa leu2 and raa thr4 double mutants are inviable, even on rich medium. The raa4 mutation may affect multiple amino acid transport systems, since raa4 mutants are unable to use proline as a nitrogen source. raa4 is, however, unlinked to a previously described amino acid analog resistance and proline uptake mutant, aap1, or to the general amino acid permease mutant gap1. Both raa4 and gap1 prevent uptake of [3H]leucine in liquid cultures. The raa1, raa2, and raa3 mutants affect only a subset of the amino acid analogs and amino acids affected by raa4. The phenotypes of raa1, -2, and -3 mutants are readily observed on agar plates but are not seen in uptake and incorporation of amino acids measured in liquid media.

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McCusker, J. H., and J. E. Haber. "Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 6 (June 1990): 2941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.6.2941.

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Four new complementation groups of mutations which confer resistance to several amino acid analogs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. These mutants were isolated on medium containing urea as the nitrogen source, in contrast to previous studies that had used medium containing proline. All four resistance to amino acid analog (raa) complementation groups appear to confer resistance by reducing amino acid analog and amino acid uptake. In some genetic backgrounds, raa leu2 and raa thr4 double mutants are inviable, even on rich medium. The raa4 mutation may affect multiple amino acid transport systems, since raa4 mutants are unable to use proline as a nitrogen source. raa4 is, however, unlinked to a previously described amino acid analog resistance and proline uptake mutant, aap1, or to the general amino acid permease mutant gap1. Both raa4 and gap1 prevent uptake of [3H]leucine in liquid cultures. The raa1, raa2, and raa3 mutants affect only a subset of the amino acid analogs and amino acids affected by raa4. The phenotypes of raa1, -2, and -3 mutants are readily observed on agar plates but are not seen in uptake and incorporation of amino acids measured in liquid media.

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COTTEE, John M. "RAAF BASE SCHERGER PEPPAN—CAPE YORK PENINSULA." Australian Planner 31, no. 3 (January 1994): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1994.9657629.

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Heller, M., Jaime Calero, Ron Wescott, Simon A. Barter, Jireh Choi, and Greg Surtees. "Life Extension of F/A-18 LAU-7 Missile Launcher Housings Using Rework Shape Optimisation." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.739.

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LAU-7 missile launcher housings, which are fitted to most Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) F/A-18A/B aircraft, can experience cracking in the guide rail. This paper covers the design, manufacture and validation of a life extension repair for cracked launcher housings. The repair development uses DSTO's rework shape optimisation technology and fatigue testing capabilities. The rework design reduces peak stresses by 33 %, resulting in significant fatigue life enhancements, as demonstrated by representative coupon testing. A special manufacturing jig has been designed and transitioned to the RAAF, which has used it to repair housings. These housings have performed well in flight tests, with no cracking detected.

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Yang, Qifeng, Chi Hou, Kai Yang, Jian Wang, and Yuqin Chen. "Response to Michiel Alexander de Raaf et al." Hypertension Research 44, no. 4 (January 14, 2021): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-00605-x.

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10

Marx, Christina, Christiane Wünsch, and Ulrich Kück. "The Octatricopeptide Repeat Protein Raa8 Is Required for ChloroplasttransSplicing." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 10 (July 24, 2015): 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00096-15.

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ABSTRACTThe mRNA maturation of the tripartite chloroplastpsaAgene from the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtiidepends on various nucleus-encoded factors that participate intranssplicing of two group II introns. Recently, a multiprotein complex was identified that is involved in processing thepsaAprecursor mRNA. Using coupled tandem affinity purification (TAP) and mass spectrometry analyses with thetrans-splicing factor Raa4 as a bait protein, we recently identified a multisubunit ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex comprising the previously characterizedtrans-splicing factors Raa1, Raa3, Raa4, and Rat2 plus novel components. Raa1 and Rat2 share a structural motif, an octatricopeptide repeat (OPR), that presumably functions as an RNA interaction module. Two of the novel RNP complex components also exhibit a predicted OPR motif and were therefore considered potentialtrans-splicing factors. In this study, we selected bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones encoding these OPR proteins and conducted functional complementation assays using previously generatedtrans-splicing mutants. Our assay revealed that thetrans-splicing defect of mutant F19 was restored by a new factor we namedRAA8; molecular characterization of complemented strains verified that Raa8 participates in splicing of the firstpsaAgroup II intron. Three of six OPR motifs are located in the C-terminal end of Raa8, which was shown to be essential for restoringpsaAmRNAtranssplicing. Our results support the important role played by OPR proteins in chloroplast RNA metabolism and also demonstrate that combining TAP and mass spectrometry with functional complementation studies represents a vigorous tool for identifyingtrans-splicing factors.

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Kuseva, Chanita, Terry W. Schultz, Darina Yordanova, Ksenia Tankova, Stela Kutsarova, Todor Pavlov, Atanas Chapkanov, et al. "The implementation of RAAF in the OECD QSAR Toolbox." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 105 (July 2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.03.018.

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12

Schaafstra, Annemieke. "Axiale spondyloartritis op het spreekuur: huismus of witte raaf?" Huisarts en wetenschap 60, no. 7 (July 2017): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12445-017-0204-7.

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13

Robbroeckx, L. M. H. "Pleegzorg: geen ‘witte raaf’ maar een ‘pelikaan’ in hulpverlenersland." Kind en adolescent 15, no. 3 (September 1994): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03060557.

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14

Hulzebos, E. "Reproductive toxicity of Zenolide using analogues and comply with RAAF." Toxicology Letters 350 (September 2021): S210—S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00730-x.

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15

Goldsmith, N. T., G. Clark, and S. A. Barter. "A growth model for catastrophic cracking in an RAAF aircraft." Engineering Failure Analysis 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-6307(96)00014-3.

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16

van Steijnen, B. "Een witte raaf onder de epifysiolysefracturen in het distale femur." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Traumatologie 19, no. 4 (August 2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12506-011-0028-1.

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Kovari, A., N. Andersson, D. Bell, G. Cartlidge, N. Fedtke, A. Kojo, P. Papadaki, E. Stilgenbauer, and F. Temussi. "Read-across in REACH and the read-across assessment framework (RAAF)." Toxicology Letters 295 (October 2018): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.035.

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Stewart, Ross, Alvin Ng, Stuart Trezise, Phillip East, and Kevin Jackson. "C-130H Centre Wing Lower Surface Tang Blend Repair Management." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1071.

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The RAAF found significant corrosion on the C-130H fleet Centre Wing Lower Surface (CWLS) panels at the tangs adjacent to the rainbow fittings. Repair of this corrosion involves blends and spot facing, and often requires the addition of a doubler to reinforce the region. All RAAF C-130H aircraft had various combinations of spot faces, blends and in some cases doublers at this location. Due to the number and combination of repairs, providing fleet wide management advice is problematic. The fleet condition was assessed from damage maps, repairs and previous analyses. From this a number of worst case configurations were determined. A Finite Element Model was developed and used to determine the bearing and by-pass loads in each fastener row of the panel tangs. Stress intensity correction factors were developed for cracks growing from or to a spot face using Stress Check. These correction factors were applied on top of geometry factors for the baseline configuration. A Damage Tolerance Assessment (DTA) was performed to assess the impact of spot face and blend repairs on the centre wing lower surface panel tangs, in order to develop a fleet wide management strategy. Based on the results for the repair cases, it was shown that the repairs identified in the damage maps could be managed within the existing safety by inspection program.

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19

Powell, Bayard L., Hyman B. Muss, and J. Michael Sterchi. "Focal leukemia around a raaf catheter as the initial site of relapse." American Journal of Medicine 81, no. 5 (November 1986): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90376-1.

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Gallagher, Joseph P., and Lorrie Molent. "Effect of Load Spectra and Stress Magnitude on Crack Growth Behavior Variability from Typical Manufacturing Defects." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.100.

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DSTO conducted a comprehensive series of fatigue coupon tests as part of the fatigue life substantiation of the RAAF F/A-18 Hornet. The study employed five spectra which were applied to flat aluminium alloy 7050-T7451 coupons to determine the effects of manufacturing discontinuities and stress magnitude on the fatigue nucleation and crack growth behavior. Crack growth behavior was established using optical microscopy and scanning electron fractography, measuring crack sizes greater than approximately 0.05 mm. This paper reports the fraction of life to failure as well as the probability of occurrence of a crack with a defined size.

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Richarz, A., E. Berggren, and A. Worth. "Evaluation of read-across argumentation according to the ECHA Read-Across Assessment Framework (RAAF)." Toxicology Letters 258 (September 2016): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1305.

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Ayling, James, Adam Bowler, Gregory Brick, and Mladen Ignjatovic. "Practical Application of Structural Repair Fatigue Life Determination on the AP-3C Orion Platform." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1065.

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The AP-3C Orion aircraft is the oldest aircraft in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) inventory. The planned fleet withdrawal has been extended far beyond the original design service objective. Continued safe and effective operation has required the development of a robust ageing aircraft management approach. A fundamental aspect was supplementing the structural certification basis with appropriate standards in the form of fatigue management requirements from Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 25.571 and Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular (FAA AC) 120-93. To develop and underpin the ageing aircraft management plan and transition to the supplementary fatigue management standards, the RAAF collaborated with the Original Equipment Manufacturer, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, the United States Navy (USN) and other operators to form the P-3C Service Life Assessment Program (SLAP). This program provided Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) data, associated analyses and analysis tools to support management in accordance with FAR 25.571. An important element of the ageing aircraft management plan included the introduction of a rigorous Safety By Inspection (SBI) maintenance regime to assure structural airworthiness. FAA AC 120-93 requires assessment of structural repairs to determine revised fatigue management and inspection requirements. Often, this information is derived using tailored analysis tools and detailed models on a case-by-case basis. This approach is specialized, expensive and usually occurs after the repair has been designed and installed. To avoid these limitations, the AP-3C Repair Assessment Manual (RAM) was developed to provide the repair designer with a design handbook approach to fatigue analysis. In conjunction with some simple Finite Element (FE) models, the RAM supports complete repair analysis prior to an aircraft leaving the maintenance venue. This paper will present the history of the SBI program, the genesis of the RAM and actual examples of assessing structural repairs on the P-3 platform using the RAM.

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Kwon, Jeong-Wook. "Revisiting Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Jet Air-to-Air Combat during the Korean War." Korean Journal of Military Affairs 10 (December 31, 2021): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33528/kjma.2021.12.10.139.

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Molent, Lorrie. "A Brief History of Structural Fatigue Testing at Fishermans Bend Australia." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.106.

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This paper presents a brief history of fatigue research at the Fishermans Bend Australia Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) facility from the early days in the 1940s when Mr. H.A. Wills, Head of the then Structures Division, foresaw with remarkable insight the emerging danger of fatigue in aircraft structures. He presented a historic paper at the Second International Aeronautical Conference in 1949 and instituted a comprehensive programme of research on the fatigue of materials and structures which proved to be invaluable within the next decade as fatigue failures began to plague first civil and then military aircraft fleets worldwide. DSTO is still amongst the world leaders on the fatigue of aircraft structures, as many of these research programmes have won international recognition and as fatigue investigations expeditiously undertaken for the RAAF (and at times civil regulators) have supplied valuable information to the aircraft manufacturers, operators and researchers.

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Ponsford, Jennie. "Vale Kevin Walsh, 1925–2017." Brain Impairment 18, no. 3 (December 2017): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2017.36.

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Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment (ASSBI) is deeply saddened by the death of Dr Kevin Walsh, at the age of 92, on 4 December 2017. Kevin has been one of the grandfathers of clinical neuropsychology and was the founder of ASSBI. After serving in the RAAF, he completed a medical degree in 1951 and went straight on to pursue his interest in the study of psychology, by completing Bachelor's and Master's degrees. Whilst assisting in psychosurgery, Kevin wrote his Master's thesis on the assessment of the effects of frontal lobe dysfunction, based on his studies of patients undergoing frontal leucotomies in the 1950s, a truly seminal work in elucidating frontal lobe functions. In 1961, he joined the Department of Psychology at the University of Melbourne. He taught neuropsychology and, forging a close collaboration with neurologist, Dr Peter Bladin, he established the first neuropsychology clinic at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne in 1974.

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Rochaix, J. D., K. Perron, D. Dauvillée, F. Laroche, Y. Takahashi, and M. Goldschmidt-Clermont. "Post-transcriptional steps involved in the assembly of photosystem I in Chlamydomonas." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320567.

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Assembly of the PSI (photosystem I) complex in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms depends on the concerted interactions of the nuclear and chloroplast genetic systems. We have identified several nucleus-encoded factors of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are specifically required for the synthesis of the two large chloroplast-encoded reaction-centre polypeptides, PsaA and PsaB, of photosystem I and that function at plastid post-transcriptional steps. Raa1, Raa2 and Raa3 are required for the splicing of the three discontinuous psaA precursor transcripts; they are part of large RNA–protein complexes that are reminiscent of spliceosomal particles. Tab1 and Tab2 are involved in the initiation of translation of the psaB mRNA and are localized in the membrane and stromal phases of the chloroplast, where they are associated with high-molecular-mass complexes. Moreover, two chloroplast-encoded proteins, Ycf3 and Ycf4, are required for the primary steps of assembling the photosystem I subunits into a functional complex.

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Tiong, Ung Hing, Bruce R. Crawford, and Graham Clark. "Influence of Mechanical Loading on Failure of Aircraft Protective Coatings." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2503.

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The degradation and failure of protective coatings (paints and sealants) is a key element influencing the service life of aircraft. Such degradation is influenced by the response of coatings to environmental factors such as high temperatures and exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as well as chemical factors. However, the effect of loading and load history on coating durability has received little attention, despite clearly being a factor in determining failure sites (such as joints) and the rate of degradation. This paper describes the key characteristics of coatings at aircraft joints, and the nature of the strains experienced by coatings in locations influenced by in-service loads. It is first step in assessing the complex strain history at joint strain concentration locations as part of developing a prognostic capability for the service life of aircraft coatings. The configuration of coating layers at different joints is important and this research has considered a simplification of a butt strap joint from a RAAF military aircraft and a generic lap joint; predictions of critical movements/displacements have been made using finite element analysis; the predictions will be tested later as part of an experimental program associated with a full-scale fatigue test.

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Moore, Murdock M. "Buffaloes Over Singapore: RAF, RAAF, RNZAF and Dutch Brewster Fighters in Action Over Malaya and the East Indies 1941-1942 (review)." Journal of Military History 71, no. 2 (2007): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2007.0139.

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Sałaciński, Michał, Magdalena Zabłocka, and Piotr Synaszko. "Using Sandblasting and Sol Gel Techniques for the Preparation of a Metal Surface and Their Effects on the Durability of Epoxy-Bonded Joints." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2012, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10164-012-0061-6.

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Abstract The epoxy-bonded joints are widely employed in aerospace in the Composite Patch Bonded Repair (CPBR) method used for repair metallic and composite structures. The properties of epoxy usually meet the mechanical and environmental requirements, but the durability of bonded joints depends also on the surface preparation. The most common techniques used for the surface preparation are Forest Product Laboratory’s (FPL) technique and Phosphoric Acid Anodizing (PAA). Both methods ensure very good adhesion but they have some disadvantages. They require the application of toxic and aggressive acids, dangerous for the operator. Also, the use of acids for cleaning the surfaces can cause corrosion. The sandblasting treatment of metal surfaces ensures quite good adhesion. This technique requires neither specialist equipment nor the use of toxic substances. Recommended by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) the technique is also used by the Air Force Institute of Technology. Sol Gel is a new product developed for the treatment of metal surfaces before bonding. It is not hazardous for the operator and it does not cause corrosion due to its specific chemical composition. The article describes the behavior of bonded joints between two metal surfaces prepared using sandblasting and Sol Gel. The investigations were carried out in various environment conditions according to the ASTM Standards.

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Lotze, Michael T. "Book Review Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Diagnosis and Treatment Edited by John H. Raaf. 483 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, 1993. $95. 0-8151-7003-3." New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 17 (October 21, 1993): 1284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199310213291726.

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Neilsen, Philip. "Literary Non-Fiction: Recording and Reconstructing the Air War of 1939–1945." Queensland Review 2, no. 2 (September 1995): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000817.

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Accounts of the air war of 1939–45 still hold a fascination for many: any comprehensive second hand bookshop will have at least one shelf devoted to aviation or war memoirs. My own longstanding interest began with a childhood awareness of my father's involvement in the war. Born in Maryborough and educated at Brisbane State High, he had been a pilot, first in the RAAF, then the RAF. He had joined up on his eighteenth birthday in 1942, gained his wings in Australia, received advanced training in England on Blenheim bombers then Beaufighters, and volunteered for the Middle East. But even these scant details I only managed to interrogate from him in the past year or so. Fifty years after the war, he has just started to talk about it to me, though selectively. Most of his friends were killed, either shot down or in flying accidents. As well, the Beaufighter was notorious as one of the most difficult and dangerous planes to fly. One pilot in my father's unit sensibly asked to be transferred to a different kind of plane because he found he couldn't handle the twin-engined fighter; the response of the Commanding Officer was to have the pilot immediately classified LMF — Lack of Moral Fibre — a fate most aircrew considered worse than death. It is absurd incidents such as this — brave men condemned by inflexible superiors, and so many others killed in accidents, often in landing or taking off under extreme conditions of weather and weariness — that emerge in the accounts by survivors as an antidote to more idealised reconstructions of the air war.

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Jacobs, L. D. "Die makro-gesprekstrategie in 1 Korintiërs 1-4." Verbum et Ecclesia 7, no. 2 (July 17, 1986): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v7i2.952.

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In die bestudering van die Nuwe-Testamentiese briefliteratuur is daar tot op datum nie genoeg aandag geskenk aan die kommunikatiewe aspek van die briewe as sodanig nie. Roberts raak hierdie probleem aan wanneer hy tereg beweer: "Paulus is in sy briewe nie besig om sy teologie sistematies te ontwikkel en van brief tot brief sy groeiende insigte uit te spel nie. Inteendeel: Vanuit 'n bepaalde teologiese oortuiging is hy telkens besig om mense in hulle bepaalde situasie van raad te bedien of te vermaan of te onderrig. (Eie kursivering).

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Obayelu, Abiodun Elijah, Agatha Osivweneta Ogbe, and Sarah E. Edewor. "Gender gaps and female labour participation in agriculture in Nigeria." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-03-2019-0128.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming communities in 16 states in Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique. Findings It was interesting to note that an average male was older and had more educational qualification than their female counterparts. In the same vein, he owned more assets (virgin lands, other plots and buildings) when compared with their female counterparts and earned higher incomes from farming and other labour activities with the exception of trading. Furthermore, the result revealed females spent more time taking care of children, cooking and schooling than their male counterparts. It can therefore be concluded that a gender gap exists in agricultural labour participation with the males playing dominant roles as compared with their female counterparts. Analysis of women’s agricultural should not neglect the structural bases of their inequality. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by lack of enough data base on women’s and men’s engagement in labour force and on agricultural activities which can be analysed for policy formulation and implementation. Social implications The paper elucidates some of the possible social, economic and biological implications of changes in women’s work and their participation in agriculture in Nigeria. Originality/value The paper is original in nature and will add value to the integration of women into the development process in Nigeria.

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Schweizer, Günther, Thomas Held, Albert Raff, and Gerhard Raff. "Rezension von: Held, Thomas; Raff, Albert; Raff, Gerhard, Raff." Schwäbische Heimat 68, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/sh.v68i2.1644.

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Thomas Held, Albert und Gerhard Raff: Raff. Familiengeschichte(n) aus sieben Jahrhunderten. Degerloch 2016. Fester Einband, 372 Seiten. Fest gebunden € 30,–. (erhältlich bei Dr. Gerhard Raff, Karl- Pfaff-Straße 2, Stuttgart-Degerloch)

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Oakes, DJ, HE Ritchie, PDC Woodman, E. Narup, M. Moscova, K. Picker, and WS Webster. "Genotoxicity studies of a desealant solvent mixture, SR-51®." Toxicology and Industrial Health 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233709103037.

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The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) has reported that personnel involved in F-111 fuel tank maintenance were concerned that exposure to a range of chemicals during the period 1977 to mid-1990s was the cause of health problems, including cancer. Particular concern was directed at SR-51®, a desealant chemical mixture containing the following four solvents: aromatic 150 solvent (Aro150), dimethylacetamide, thiophenol (TP), and triethylphosphate. The present study examined the mutagenic potential of SR-51® using a range of well-known mutagen and genotoxin assays. The tests used were i) a modified version of the Ames test, ii) the mouse lymphoma assay, iii) the comet assay (a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay), and iv) a mouse micronucleus test. The modified Ames test used mixed bacterial strains in liquid suspension media. The Ames test results showed that SR-51® (tested up to the cytotoxic concentration of 36 μg/ml, 30 min incubation) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation was not mutagenic. The mouse lymphoma assay used cultured mouse lymphoma cells in a microwell suspension method. The mouse lymphoma assay was also negative with SR-51® (tested up to the cytotoxic concentration of 22.5 μg/ml, 3 h incubation) in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation. The Comet assay, using cultured mouse lymphoma cells, showed no evidence of DNA damage in cells exposed up to the cytotoxic concentration of SR-51® at 11.25 μg/ml. The in-vivo mouse micronucleus test was undertaken in wild-type C57Bl6J male mice dosed orally with SR-51® for 14 days with a single daily dose up to 360 mg/kg/day (the maximum-tolerated dose). No increases were observed in micronuclei (MN) frequency in bone marrow collected (24 h after final dose) from SR-51®-treated mice compared to the number of MN observed in bone marrow collected from untreated mice. Tissues collected from treated mice at necropsy demonstrated a significant increase in spleen weights in the high dose mice. Gas chromatography analysis of SR-51® identified more than 40 individual components and an oxidation product, diphenyldisulfide derived from TP under conditions of mild heating. In conclusion, there was no evidence that SR-51® is mutagenic.

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Wang, Wei, Zhaolei Jiang, Rongxin Lu, Hao Liu, Nan Ma, Jie Cai, Min Tang, and Ju Mei. "Effects of Renal Denervation via Renal Artery Adventitial Cryoablation on Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Neural Remodeling." Cardiology Research and Practice 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2603025.

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Introduction. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) could reduce cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and inhibit atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the reliability is uncertain, because the renal sympathetic nerves are mainly distributed in the adventitial surface of the renal artery. Objective. The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that renal artery adventitial ablation (RAAA) definitely had the effects of RDN and to study the effects of RDN via renal artery adventitial cryoablation (RAAC) on AF and cardiac neural remodeling. Methods. Twenty beagle canines were randomly assigned to two groups: the left RDN group (LRDN, n=10), which underwent left RDN via RAAC; the Sham group (n=10). After 2 months of postoperative recovery, AF vulnerability, AF duration, and histological examination were performed in both groups. Results. Compared with the Sham group, left stellate ganglion (LSG) tissue fibrosis was increased in the LRDN group. LRDN significantly increased the percentage of TH-negative ganglionic cells and decreased the density of TH-positive nerves in the LSG (P<0.001). Also, the densities of TH-positive nerves and GAP43 immunoreactivity within the left atrium (LA) were significantly decreased in the LRDN group (P<0.05). After LA burst pacing, all 10 canines (100%) could be induced AF in the Sham group, but only 4 of 10 canines (40%) could be induced AF in the LRDN group (P=0.011). The percentage of LA burst stimulation with induced AF was 26.7% (8/30) in the LRDN group, which was significantly decreased compared with that of the Sham group (53.3%, 16/30) (P=0.035). In addition, AF duration was also significantly decreased in the LRDN group (13.3 ± 5.1 s) compared with that of the Sham group (20.3 ± 7.3 s, P=0.024). Conclusions. RDN via RAAC could cause cardiac neural remodeling and effectively inhibit AF inducibility and shorten AF duration. It may be useful in selecting therapeutic approaches for AF patients.

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Reski, Ralf. "Ralf Reski." Current Biology 32, no. 15 (August 2022): R811—R813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.018.

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&NA;. "Bud Raas." Hearing Journal 57, no. 4 (April 2004): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000292430.21481.bb.

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Birmingham, Karen. "Martin Raff." Nature Medicine 7, no. 9 (September 2001): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0901-985.

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Raff, Jordan. "Martin Raff." Current Biology 28, no. 2 (January 2018): R54—R56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.001.

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Schueler, Els. "Beetje raar." Denkbeeld 30, no. 3 (June 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12428-018-0048-3.

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Durand, Béatrice, and Valérie Wallace. "Martin Raff." Cell Cycle 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cc.2.1.184.

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Ultee, Wout. "Niks Raar!" Sociologie 1, no. 3 (September 2005): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1347/sogi.2005.1.3.325.

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Surawicz, Borys. "Wilhelm raab." Clinical Cardiology 20, no. 3 (March 1997): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960200325.

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Shiau, Ai-Li, Pu-Ste Liu, and Chao-Liang Wu. "Novel Strategy for Generation and Titration of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors." Journal of Virology 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.1.193-201.2005.

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ABSTRACT Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have many advantages for gene therapeutic applications compared with other vector systems. Several methods that use plasmids or helper viruses have been reported for the generation of rAAV vectors. Unfortunately, the preparation of large-scale rAAV stocks is labor-intensive. Moreover, the biological titration of rAAV is still difficult, which may limit its preclinical and clinical applications. For this study, we developed a novel strategy to generate and biologically titrate rAAV vectors. A recombinant pseudorabies virus (PrV) with defects in its gD, gE, and thymidine kinase genes was engineered to express the AAV rep and cap genes, yielding PS virus, which served as a packaging and helper virus for the generation of rAAV vectors. PS virus was useful not only for generating high-titer rAAV vectors by cotransfection with an rAAV vector plasmid, but also for amplifying rAAV stocks. Notably, the biological titration of rAAV vectors was also feasible when cells were coinfected with rAAV and PS virus. Based on this strategy, we produced an rAAV that expresses prothymosin α (ProT). Expression of the ProT protein in vitro and in vivo mediated by rAAV/ProT gene transfer was detected by immunohistochemistry and a bioassay. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the PrV vector-based system is useful for generating rAAV vectors carrying various transgenes.

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Ding, Wei, Ziying Yan, Roman Zak, Milene Saavedra, David M. Rodman, and John F. Engelhardt. "Second-Strand Genome Conversion of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV-2) and AAV-5 Is Not Rate Limiting following Apical Infection of Polarized Human Airway Epithelia." Journal of Virology 77, no. 13 (July 1, 2003): 7361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.13.7361-7366.2003.

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ABSTRACT Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (rAAV-5) is known to efficiently transduce airway epithelia via apical infection. In contrast, rAAV-2 has been shown to be inherently ineffective at transducing airway epithelia from the apical surface. However, tripeptide proteasome inhibitors (such as LLnL) can dramatically enhance rAAV-2 transduction from the apical surface of human polarized airway epithelia by modulating the intracellular trafficking and processing of the virus. To further investigate potential differences between rAAV-2 and rAAV-5 that might explain their altered ability to transduce airway epithelia from the apical membrane, we examined the functional involvement of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and rate-limiting aspects of second-strand synthesis for these two rAAV serotypes. To this end, we conducted studies to compare the extent to which LLnL alters transduction efficiencies with both rAAV-2 and rAAV-2/5 by using luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter vectors. Our results demonstrate that the coadministration of LLnL at the time of viral infection significantly enhanced transduction of both rAAV-2/5 and rAAV-2 from the apical surface of airway epithelia. Although rAAV-2/5 was slightly more effective at transducing epithelia from the apical membrane, rAAV-2 transduction was superior to that of rAAV-2/5 in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Interestingly, the basolateral membrane entry pathways for both serotypes were not significantly affected by the addition of LLnL, which suggests that apical and basolateral infectious pathways possess distinctive intracellular processing pathways for both rAAV-2 and rAAV-5. Studies comparing the transduction of short self-complementary (scAAV) to full-length conventional AAV EGFP vectors suggested that second-strand synthesis of rAAV genomes was not rate limiting for either serotype or altered by proteasome inhibitors following apical infection of polarized airway epithelia. These findings suggest that both rAAV-2 and rAAV-5 share similar intracellular viral processing barriers that involve the ubiquitin/proteasome system, but do not appear to involve second-strand synthesis.

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Utrini, Heitor Carlos Santos. "Raab, a meretriz:." Revista Brasileira de Interpretação Bíblica 3, no. 5 (June 30, 2022): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46859/pucrio.acad.rebiblica.2596-2922.2022v3n5p49.

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A história da prostituta Raab é contada no Antigo Testamento em Js 2,1-21; 6,22-25. Depois de acolher os espiões hebreus e escondê-los em sua casa, ela os envia em segurança de volta ao acampamento de Israel recebendo deles a promessa de que ela e sua família escapariam da matança quando Jericó fosse invadida. Essa narrativa serviu de inspiração para que autores do Novo Testamento, bem como mestres judeus, destacassem suas virtudes, apresentando-a como modelo, não obstante sua condição de prostituta. Inúmeros testemunhos antigos chamam a atenção sobretudo porque, enquanto as mulheres em geral, e de modo especial as meretrizes eram vistas como gente abjeta e lhes era negado qualquer tipo de direitos civis e religiosos, desde a Escritura Raab foi retratada como uma das principais protagonistas da tomada de Jericó e suas virtudes celebradas através dos tempos. O presente artigo dividir-se-á em três momentos: depois de um breve comentário ao texto de Josué, a segunda etapa consiste na exposição e análise das passagens neotestamentárias nas quais Raab comparece. Por fim, a partir da tradição judaica – Flávio Josefo, Talmud e diversos midrašim – será evidenciado como os judeus apresentaram a personagem em questão que ainda hoje pode inspirar comportamentos de acordo com sua fé no Deus verdadeiro.

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NAKAMURA, Motonobu. "Prof. Ralf Paus." Nishi Nihon Hifuka 70, no. 3 (2008): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.70.327.

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Moufang, Rainer. "Ralf Uhrich: Stoffschutz." Zeitschrift für geistiges Eigentum 3, no. 2 (2011): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/186723711796366953.

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Moczek, Armin P., Jonathan J. Henry, and Maria Byrne. "Rudolf A. Raff." Evolution & Development 21, no. 3 (May 2019): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.12290.

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Journal articles on the topic 'RAAF'

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