Academic literature on the topic 'RAAEC'

This study investigated the impact of socialization and workshops about the Read- Answer-Discuss-Explain-and Create (RADEC) learning model on teacher readiness to implement it. The investigation involved 92 teachers (elementary school, middle school, and high school teachers). The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part questionnaire was given before the activity and was intended to reveal the experience of the teachers to implement currently familiar innovative learning models. The second part questionnaire was given after the activity and was intended to reveal the teachers' readiness to implement the RADEC learning model. Data were processed quantitatively and qualitatively. The research results of the first questionnaire show that teachers had not been able to implement currently familiar innovative learning models for various reasons. The research results of the second indicate that the social- ization and workshop can prepare teachers to implement the RADEC learning model. This can be seen from the majority of those who argue that (1) the syntax of the RADEC learning model is easy to remember and understand; (2) the RADEC learning model can practice 21st century skills; and (3) they are interested in researching the implementation of the RADEC learning model.

The Alt-RAMEC protocol was introduced by Liou in the year 2005. It allows for sutural mobilisation by opening and closing the RME screw for 7-9 weeks. Maxillary protraction after the use of Alt-Ramec (alternate rapid maxillary expansion and contraction) protocol is an efficient method for early treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion. This case report shows the results of using a hyrax bonded maxillary expander with the Alt-RAMEC protocol to treat a maxillary hypoplasia Class III malocclusion. A 12-year-old patient with skeletal class III malocclusion with anterior as well as the unilateral posterior crossbite was treated using this protocol. CBCT scans were taken before and after expansion. These CBCT scans were used for assessing and analysing the skeletal changes that have occurred after using the AltRamec protocol. The objective of this case report is to assess skeletal changes after using the Alt-RAMEC protocol.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) induces proliferation of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Since NPY increased the permeability of RAEC monolayers to large molecules via the NPY Y3 receptor, RAEC proliferation has been evaluated in terms of NPY-receptor subtypes and also intracellular mechanisms. RAECs were incubated with gases containing 20, 15, or 10% O2 and a certain amount of N2, depending on the O2 content in 5% CO2 incubators. NPY (10−9–10−6 M) increased the RAEC numbers under hypoxic conditions, such as 15 or 10% O2. Peptide YY elicited no proliferative effect on RAEC, and NPY-(18-36) inhibited the NPY-induced increase in cell number, suggesting that NPY increases the RAEC count through the NPY Y3 receptor. Pertussis toxin, U-73122, GF-109203X, myristorylated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, and wortmannin inhibited the NPY-induced proliferation of RAEC concentration dependently. DY9760e little affected the proliferation caused by NPY. ML-9 and imatinib actually enhanced the NPY-induced proliferation of cells. These results indicated that the NPY Y3 receptor is coupled with Gi protein, and that NPY-induced increases in RAEC proliferation are mediated by phospholipase C-protein kinase C and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. In intracellular Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent pathways, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II partly participates in the NPY-induced cell proliferation. Regarding the previously reported effect of NPY on the permeability of RAEC monolayers to large molecules, it is probable that protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways are activated for both permeability and cell proliferation induced by NPY under hypoxia, relevant to new insights into the roles of NPY in ischemia-hypoxia.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a repeated reading and question generation intervention entitled Re-read-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend (RAAC) with a modified RAAC intervention without the repeated reading component. The sample included 30 students in Grades 3 through 5. The students received services in reading within a three-tiered response to intervention framework or in special education. Students were randomly assigned to the nonrepetitive condition or the control repeated reading condition and participated in 50 intervention sessions over a 4-month period. Regardless of condition, all students made gains in oral reading fluency on independent passages. The modified RAAC program without passage repetition appeared to be as effective if not more so at increasing reading fluency when compared to the RAAC program with passage repetition.

Abstract Objective: To analyze quantitatively the circumaxillary suture opening after alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions (Alt-RAMEC). Materials and Methods: Twelve inbred cats were randomly grouped into two equal groups for 1 week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) (1 mm/day) or 5 weeks of Alt-RAMEC (1 mm/day). At the end of the experiment, the craniofacial skeleton of each cat was harvested. Each circumaxillary suture was then probed at three sites with a 0.5-mm pointed periodontal probe. A smooth probing without penetration was an ineffective suture opening (<0.5 mm), while a probing with penetration was an effective suture opening (>0.5 mm). For each suture, the quantity of suture opening (%) was the effective suture opening/(effective + ineffective suture opening). The intergroup differences were analyzed by chi-square test (P < .05). Results: Five weeks of Alt-RAMEC opened the circumaxillary sutures significantly more than 1 week of RME. This affected the circumaxillary sutures running coronally and articulating directly to the maxilla (56.9% vs 36.1%, P < .001), the sutures running sagittally, but articulating indirectly to the maxilla (94.4% vs 64.8%, P < .001), and the sutures running coronally, but articulating indirectly to the maxilla (58.3% vs 33.3%, P < .01). The sutures running sagittally were opened significantly more (94.4%–100.0%) than those running coronally (56.9%–58.3%), no matter if they articulated directly or indirectly with the maxilla. Conclusions: Alt-RAMEC opens both the sagittally and coronally running circumaxillary sutures quantitatively more than conventional RME. However, more than 5 weeks of Alt-RAMEC would be needed to increase the opening of the coronally running circumaxillary sutures. (Angle Orthod. 2009:79; )

Twenty-eight bell pepper cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to the crown and stem rot phase of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) and for silvering of fruit at two sites in southern New Jersey in 2005. A randomized complete block design with four replications was setup at Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center (RAREC), Bridgeton, New Jersey and at an on-farm site in Vineland, NJ. Number and weight of fruit with silvering varied significantly depending on pepper line, harvest date, and location. Percentage of phytophthora-infected plants ranged from 0% to 26% at RAREC and 0% to 78% at the on-farm site depending on pepper line. In some cases, new breeding lines exhibited levels of Phytophthora-resistance comparable to the resistant cultivar Paladin. Depending on pepper line, percentage of harvested fruit with silvering decreased with later harvest dates. The percentage of fruit with silvering ranged from 0% to 92% during first harvest, 1% to 56% during second harvest and from 5% to 35% during third harvest at RAREC, and from 0% to 22% during second and 0% to 15% during third harvest at the on-farm site depending on pepper line. Less fruit silvering developed in lines with no resistance or tolerance to P. capsici. Reports have suggested that phytophthora-resistance is linked to increased silvering in fruit. Silvering in Paladin was 66%, 56%, and 35% compared to only 0%, 1%, and 5% in Camelot (susceptible cultivar) during each harvest at RAREC and was 22% and 15% in Paladin compared to 0% in Camelot at the on-farm site. Interestingly, silvering was lower when pepper lines were grown on high-ridged bare soil beds with overhead irrigation (on-farm site) compared to same pepper lines grown on black plastic mulch with drip irrigation (RAREC).

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran secara komprehensif mengenai keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran RADEC berorientasi penyelidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu mixed methods, dengan sampel sebanyak 29 orang mahasiswa PGSD. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes keterampilan berpikir kritis mengacu pada 5 aspek Critical Thinking Abilities yang dikembangkan Ennis (2011). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD pada materi perkembangbiakan pada tumbuhan melalui pembelajaran RADEC berorientasi penyelidikan memiliki kategori cukup (53,4%). Adapun keterampilan berpikir kritis tertinggi pada aspek the bases for a decision (59,1%) dan persentase terendah pada aspek basic clarification (44,5%). Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan software SPSS 22 menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan keterampilan berpikir kritis antara mahasiswa PGSD perempuan dan laki-laki. Namun demikian, nilai rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis perempuan (55,3) lebih besar daripada laki-laki (45,8), maka dapat disimpulkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD perempuan lebih tinggi daripada keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD laki-laki.Kata kunci: Keterampilan berpikir kritis, RADEC, Penyelidikan

Treating Class III malocclusion is a challenge for orthodontists. It is best to treat it at growing stage with Dentofacial Orthopedics. Alt-RAMEC protocol was introduced by Liou in the year 2005. It allows for sutural mobilisation by opening and closing the RME screw for 7-9 weeks. Maxillary protraction after the use of Alt-Ramec protocol is an efficient method for early treatment skeletal Class III malocclusion. The objective of this review is to explain to the clinicians a modified and efficient method for treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patients.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is evaluate the transversal effects of the Alt-RAMEC(Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction) protocol on both craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures and to compare the transversal effects of the RME(Rapid Maxillary Expansion) protocol. Materials and Methods In our archive, selected patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 22 patients(12boys,10girls, mean age 11.61±2.11years) who had been treated with 5 weeks of Alt-RAMEC. Group 2 comprised 21 patients(11boys,10girls, mean age 11.66±1.23years) who had been treated with 1 week of RME. Transversal measurements were also performed on the study models pre-(T0) and post-treatment(T1) with digital caliper. Internasal, interzygomatic, interjugular and intergonial width measurements were made on posteroanterior radiographs. The initial measurements and the mean changes within the groups were analysed using a student’s t test. Results According to the results of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of chronological age, gender distribution and initial values. The expansion protocols showed a statistically significant increase in the widths of intercanine, interpremolar, intermolar and alveolar base widths in the maxilla(p<0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in both groups(p>0.05) in mandible. The changes in maxillary intercanine, interpremolar widths between the two groups were statistically significant(p<0.05). In the posteroanterior measurements, only statistically significant difference was found between the groups in internasal width(p<0.05). Conclusions Alt-RAMEC and RME protocols are effective treatment protocols for correction of transverse deficiency in growing patients. 5-weeks Alt-RAMEC protocol significantly increased intercanine and interpremolar widths compared to 1-week RME. Clinical Relevance Since there are no studies in the literature comparing the effects of two different expansion protocols in the transverse direction, this is both the first. Most importantly, clinicians will see which of these two protocols is more singular in the treatment of transversal problems. Keywords: RME, Alt-RAMEC, tranversal measurements

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is evaluate the transversal effects of the Alt-RAMEC(Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction) protocol on both craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures and to compare the transversal effects of the RME(Rapid Maxillary Expansion) protocol. Materials and Methods In our archive, selected patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 22 patients(12boys,10girls, mean age 11.61±2.11years) who had been treated with 5 weeks of Alt-RAMEC. Group 2 comprised 21 patients(11boys,10girls, mean age 11.66±1.23years) who had been treated with 1 week of RME. Transversal measurements were also performed on the study models pre-(T0) and post-treatment(T1) with digital caliper. Internasal, interzygomatic, interjugular and intergonial width measurements were made on posteroanterior radiographs. The initial measurements and the mean changes within the groups were analysed using a student’s t test. Results According to the results of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of chronological age, gender distribution and initial values. The expansion protocols showed a statistically significant increase in the widths of intercanine, interpremolar, intermolar and alveolar base widths in the maxilla(p<0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in both groups(p>0.05) in mandible. The changes in maxillary intercanine, interpremolar widths between the two groups were statistically significant(p<0.05). In the posteroanterior measurements, only statistically significant difference was found between the groups in internasal width(p<0.05). Conclusions Alt-RAMEC and RME protocols are effective treatment protocols for correction of transverse deficiency in growing patients. 5-weeks Alt-RAMEC protocol significantly increased intercanine and interpremolar widths compared to 1-week RME. Clinical Relevance Since there are no studies in the literature comparing the effects of two different expansion protocols in the transverse direction, this is both the first. Most importantly, clinicians will see which of these two protocols is more singular in the treatment of transversal problems. Keywords: RME, Alt-RAMEC, tranversal measurements

In 1983 there was a dramatic change in the activities of the Royal Australian Army Educational Corps (RAAEC). From 1965 to 1983, the RAAEC satisfied the educational needs of soldiers in the Regular Army by conducting the Australian Army Certificate of Education Class 1 (AACE 1) and the Australian Army Certificate of Education Class 2 (AACE 2). These courses were originally designed to parallel civilian secondary school studies, and as a result, the AACE program's structure, subject range and content were similar to those of the civilian educational system. This duplication was so complete that credit towards the AACE qualifications was granted for secondary school studies at, or above, Year 9. In August 1983 the AACE program was replaced by a new program of Army education. This program consisted of two courses - Subject 3 Level 1 and Subject 3 Level 2. Whereas the AACE courses were lengthy and included an extensive range of subjects, the Subject 3 courses were of relatively short duration and addressed only literacy and numeracy skills. As this change was carefully planned and deliberately executed to better satisfy the educational needs of soldiers, for the purposes of this field study, it was described as an innovation - the Subject 3 innovation. The study reported here reviewed the Subject 3 innovation process. To ensure that the review was comprehensive, the innovation process was examined from a number of different perspectives. These included an historical description, an analysis of the innovation strategy, a review of the curriculum development tool and decision making, and a determination of the process necessary to confirm and remediate any deficiencies in the innovation process. The outcomes of this review of the Subject 3 innovation process gave cause to question the validity of many fundamental characteristics of the Subject 3 courses, e.g. the scope of the course content, the content validity of the terminal assessment instruments, and the exit standards of the courses. The field study concluded that there was an urgent need to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Subject 3 courses to verify and correct these shortcomings.

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The urban growth and the disordered occupation of cities have increased the frequency and severity of flooding in urban areas, which occur mainly due to the modification on rainwater natural infiltration, as a result of soil imperviousness increase. The use of compensatory techniques (CT) for stormwater control has been encouraged through public polices, attempting to apply for sustainable solutions to mitigate the urbanization´s impact. An alternative already widespread in some Brazilian cities is the use of micro reservoirs (MR), which temporarily store volumes from impervious areas, and gradually emptying the water stored. Along this requirement, implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Reservoirs (RHR) to non-potable purposes is often encouraged in order to reduce the consumption of drinking water for less noble purposes, and to preserve the fountainheads. Some bibliographies suggest that in addition to these benefits, the RHR can be considered a CT also, once it stores the stormwater runoff, and therefore, in some cities where the MR is required, many buildings are already using the RHR to replace it. However, there are not many conclusive studies related to the real benefits and impacts that capturing rainwater and its use have on micro drainage networks, and specifically if such technique can be considered as a compensatory one. Thus, the main objective of this research was to evaluate whether RHR can be considered as an alternative to promote the quantitative stormwater control. For that, a comparative analysis was made between the impact that RHR use generates on micro drainage flows and networks, and the impact generated on a MR containing system. Such analysis was performed through a modeling of a urban watershed from Porto Alegre / RS, with 977 ha, 30.720 standard lots and around 70 km of micro drainage networks. The simulated MRs were designed according to the Decree No. 15.371/06 of the city of Porto Alegre, which aim to control the runoff at the source and it resulted in volumes of 3.13 m³ and 3.75 m³ for rainfall project with return period of 5 and 10 years (CP-CP-TR5 and TR10), respectively, answering to the allowable flow restriction at the lot outlet (VR = 0.624 L / s). The micro drainage networks were designed for both situations, with and without MRs, for CP-TR5 and CP-TR10. For sizing of the RHRs a continuous simulation of 12 years of precipitation data and demands series for non-potable uses data was performed, both with time step equal 5 minutes, resulting in volumes of 5.000, 10.000 and 15.000 liters due to the achieved service guarantee. These volumes of RHRs replaced the MRs and new modeling were performed considering observed rainfall data real from the continuum time series. It was found that the RHRs were not effective to maintain the VR at lots outlet, and the restriction value was exceeded for several times. For the simulated time seriess only the volume of 750 m³ would be appropriate to ensure only one offense within 10 years of simulation. That occurs because must have sufficient volume to store the expected drained volume, without spillage, regardless of the reservoir storage condition. However, if there is a very large storage capacity and demands are comparatively small, the reservoir does not empty. It was found, therefore, that exists an antagonism when trying to use the RHR for two functions: runoff control and water supply for non-potable purposes demand, since the attempt to ensure the fulfillment to the first function prevents the deployment of such large volumes. Overtopping of RHRs to 12 critical simulated events committed the microdrainage networks capacity, generating flooding in the streets along several drainage network ranges. Considering the same 12 critical events and MRs in lots were identified only four overflowing and lower overflows, which ended up committing a lower extent of drainage networks. Therefore, based on analysis of the continuous simulation with RHRs, it was found that it is not possible to consider it an equivalent technique to the MRs for storm water runoff control, unless the reservation volumes are extremely high, which would make its implementation on a few square meters lot impossible.
O crescimento urbano e a ocupação desordenada das cidades têm aumentado a frequência e a severidade das enchentes em áreas urbanas, que ocorrem, principalmente, devido à modificação nas condições naturais de infiltração das águas pluviais, decorrentes do aumento da impermeabilização do solo. Em busca de soluções sustentáveis para mitigar os impactos da urbanização, as políticas públicas vêm incentivando o uso de técnicas compensatórias (TC) para o controle do escoamento superficial. Uma alternativa já difundida em algumas cidades brasileiras é o uso de microrreservatório (MR), que armazena temporariamente os volumes oriundos do escoamento das áreas impermeáveis, esvaziando gradativamente a água armazenada. Paralelamente a essa exigência, a implementação de reservatórios para o aproveitamento da água da chuva (RAAC) com fins não potáveis vem sendo incentivada, com o intuito de reduzir o consumo de água tratada para fins menos nobres e preservar os mananciais. Algumas bibliografias sugerem que além desses benefícios, o RAAC pode ser considerado igualmente uma TC, já que armazenaria o escoamento pluvial, e por essa razão, em algumas cidades onde o MR é exigido, muitas edificações já estão utilizando o RAAC em substituição a este. No entanto, verifica-se uma falta de estudos conclusivos a respeito dos reais benefícios e impactos que a captação da água da chuva e seu aproveitamento têm sobre as redes de microdrenagem pluvial e, especificamente, se esta técnica pode ser considerada como compensatória. Assim, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar se os RAACs podem ser considerados como medidas para o controle quantitativo do escoamento pluvial. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do impacto que a sua utilização gera sobre as vazões e redes de microdrenagem, com o impacto gerado em um sistema com MR. A análise foi realizada mediante modelagem matemática de uma bacia hidrográfica urbana da cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, com 977 ha, 30.720 lotes padrão e cerca de 70 km de redes de microdrenagem. Os MRs simulados foram dimensionados de acordo com o Decreto n° 15.371/06 da cidade de Porto Alegre para o controle do escoamento na fonte, resultando em volumes de 3,13 m³ e 3,75 m³, para chuvas de projeto com 5 e 10 anos de período de recorrência (CP-TR5 e CP-TR10), respectivamente, atendendo à vazão de restrição permissível na saída do lote (VR = 0,624 L/s). As redes de microdrenagem foram dimensionadas para as situações que contemplaram os MRs e para a situação sem os MRs, para CP-TR5 e CP-TR10. Para o dimensionamento dos RAACs foi realizada uma simulação contínua de 12 anos de dados de chuvas e série de demandas para fins não potáveis, ambas com intervalo de tempo de 5 minutos, tendo sido determinados os volumes de 5.000, 10.000 e 15.000 litros como os mais adequados para a edificação, em razão da garantia de atendimento atingida. Esses volumes de RAACs substituíram os MRs e novas modelagens foram realizadas considerando tanto eventos de projeto, como as chuvas reais da série contínua. Verificou-se que os RAACs não são eficientes na manutenção da VR na saída dos lotes, sendo que ao longo da série história simulada a mesma foi infringida várias vezes. Para a série histórica simulada apenas um volume de 750 m³ seria adequado para garantir apenas uma infração em 10 anos da simulação. Isso ocorre porque deve haver volume de espera suficiente para armazenar os volumes escoados, sem que haja vertimento, independentemente da condição de armazenamento do reservatório; no entanto, se existe uma capacidade de armazenamento muito grande, e as demandas são comparativamente pequenas, o reservatório não esvazia. Constatou-se, dessa forma, que existe um antagonismo quando se pretende utilizar o RAAC para as duas funções: controle de escoamento superficial e garantia de atendimento à demanda com fins não potáveis, visto que a tentativa de garantir o cumprimento da primeira função inviabiliza a implantação de volumes tão grandes. O extravasamento dos RAACs para 12 eventos críticos simulados comprometeu a capacidade das redes de microdrenagem, gerando armazenamento de água nas ruas ao longo de vários trechos. Considerando os mesmos 12 eventos críticos e os MRs nos lotes foram identificados apenas 4 extravasamentos e menores vazões extravasadas, o que acabou comprometendo uma menor extensão das redes de drenagem. Portanto, com base nas análises da simulação contínua com os RAACs, verificou-se que não é possível considerá-lo uma técnica equivalente aos MRs para o controle do escoamento pluvial, a menos que os volumes de reservação sejam extremamente elevados, o que tornaria impossível a sua implementação em um lote de poucos metros quadrados.

Définie comme droit national puis comme droit communautaire depuis l’adoption de la Convention de Dublin en 1990 par les États membres, la politique d’asile de l’Union européenne est devenue indissociable de sa politique migratoire. Le contexte des arrivées massives d’exilés dans l’Union européenne au cours des années 2010 a permis à l’UE de renforcer l’intégration de la demande d’asile dans une politique sécuritaire en la hiérarchisant, la catégorisant et en renforçant l’externalisation de son traitement. Cependant, en confirmant le mécanisme « Dublin » qui appelle à la solidarité des États membres dans la prise en charge des demandeurs d’asile, l’Union européenne, qui formait jusque-là un bloc unifié institutionnellement autour des valeurs des droits de l’Homme et de la démocratie, est désormais traversée par des conflits qui laissent ouverte la question de l’intégration et du rejet des demandeurs d’asile et qui révèlent une crise plus large
Defined as national law and then as Community law since the adoption of the Dublin Convention in 1990 by the Member States, the asylum policy of the European Union has become inseparable from its migration policy. The context of the mass influx of exiles into the European Union in the course of 2010 has allowed the EU to strengthen the integration of asylum demand into a security policy by prioritizing, categorizing and strengthening the outsourcing of its treatment. However, by confirming the « Dublin » mechanism which calls for the solidarity of the Member States in the care of asylum seekers, the European Union, which until then formed an institutionally unified blocaround the values of the human rights and democracy, is now crossed by conflicts that leave open the question of integration and rejection of asylum seekers and reveal a wider crisis

La crise du droit d’asile au sein de l’Union Européenne fait aujourd’hui l’objet de préoccupations récurrentes. En plus de celle-ci, les personnes qui recherchent une protection dans l’ « espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice » de l’Union, se trouvent face à une autre crise, celle du droit à l’asile. A partir de ce constat, il est apparu pertinent de s’interroger sur les droits des demandeurs d’asile dans le cadre du régime d’asile européen commun (RAEC). Plus précisément, il s’agit de l’étude de l’effectivité des droits confrontés aux obstacles d’accès à l’Union Européenne et aux procédures d’asile de ses Etats membres, des droits liés à la procédure d’examen des demandes d’asile et des droits dont les personnes disposent pendant cet examen. La protection de ces droits, en plus du problème traditionnel de la mise en oeuvre des engagements internationaux au niveau national, a été confrontée à un nouveau régime régional ainsi qu’à une harmonisation ambiguë. A travers l’étude des droits, cette recherche vise à démontrer les causes de la crise et à proposer éventuellement des solutions orientées vers le respect du Droit International pour sortir de celle-ci, afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la condition des demandeurs d’asile dans l’espace européen. A cet effet, notre approche est également comparatiste car l’examen des deux exemples concrets sert d’outil d’analyse, de réflexion et enfin d’évaluation du RAEC, qui a commencé à répartir les charges au sein de l’Union Européenne par le mécanisme de Dublin avant que les procédures d’examen des demandes d’asile ainsi que les conditions d’accueil dans les Etats membres aient été harmonisées. Une analyse de droit comparé entre deux Etats membres, en l’espèce la France et la Grèce, nous semble en effet s’imposer, afin de démontrer les enjeux actuels de l’harmonisation européenne en matière d’asile et d’éclairer les défis de la protection des droits
The crisis of asylum law within the European Union is currently the subject of recurring concerns. In addition to that, people who seek protection in the "area of freedom, security and justice" of the European Union, face another crisis, that of the right to asylum. Following this observation, it seems relevant to consider the rights of asylum seekers under the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). More specifically, we study the effectiveness of rights before the obstacles of access to the European Union and its Member States’ asylum procedures, the rights related to the procedure for examining asylum applications and the rights accorded during this examination. The protection of these rights, in addition to the traditional problem of the implementation of international commitments at national level, was faced with a new regional system as well as an ambiguous harmonization. Through the study of human rights, this research aims to demonstrate the causes of the crisis, to propose possible solutions oriented to the respect of international law and contribute to the improvement of the status of asylum seekers in the European space. To this end, our approach is also comparative because the examination of two concrete examples is useful for analysis, reflection and finally evaluation of the CEAS, which began to distribute the burden in the European Union by the Dublin mechanism before the examination procedures and reception conditions in the member states have been harmonized. A comparative law analysis between two member states, France and Greece, it seems to be necessary in order to demonstrate the current challenges of European harmonization on asylum and illuminate the challenges of rights’ protection.Keywords :

Ce mémoire concerne le droit d’asile dans l’Union Européenne. Il s’agit non seulement d’une analyse législative de la mise en œuvre d’une politique européenne commune d’asile issue de la création de l’espace de liberté, sécurité et justice établi par le Traité d’Amsterdam, mais aussi de l’évaluation du niveau d’harmonisation atteint par cette politique au sein de l’Union, et enfin d’une réflexion sur la relation entre le processus de mise en œuvre de la politique commune d’asile d’une part, et le respect des droits fondamentaux des chercheurs et des demandeurs de la protection internationale par les États Membres et la Communauté d’autre part.
This thesis relates to the right of asylum in the European Union. It is not only a legislative analysis on the implementation of the Common European Asylum System as a consequence of the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice by the Amsterdam Treaty, but also it is an assessment of the harmonization level that this Common European Asylum System has reached within the EU, and finally it is an appraisal of the relationship between the implementation of this Common European Asylum System on one side and the respect for human rights of asylum seekers and international protection seekers by Member States and by the Community on the other side.