Academic literature on the topic 'R K Narayan`s'
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Journal articles on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Kumar, Dr Raman. "R. K. Narayan’s Mr. Sampath: A Study in the Dialectic of Being and Becoming." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 12 (December 28, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10216.
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Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami (1906-2001) popularly known as R. K. Narayan, an award winning novelist, essayist and storywriter is generally considered one of the greatest Indians writing in English. He shares this honour with Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao. D. S. Maini has observed in this regard: “Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao, and R. K. Narayan- brought the Indian novel to the point of ripeness”. But R. K. Narayan enjoys a place of rare distinction among these great writers too and it is partly because of the rare setting of his novels, his close association with the traditional Indian society, his simple language, his humour and irony, and his characterization, which is so varied and colourful. Many critics have praised R. K. Narayan for his literariness and for his aestheticism. V. Y. Kantak has observed, “…when we come to weigh Indian writing of fiction in English to date, Narayan with his penny whistle seems to have wrought more than most others with their highly pretentious and obstreperous brass” (21). R. K. Narayan has fourteen novels to his credit alongwith a large number of short stories. Narayan’s The Guide (1958) won him great fame and was widely acknowledged as a masterpiece by the world’s literary community. It also won him the much-coveted Sahitya Akademi Award in 1960.
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Narayan, Roger. "(Invited) integration of Microneedles and Electrochemical Sensors for Medical Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 34 (August 28, 2023): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01341942mtgabs.
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Microneedles are small-scale devices that may be used for access to interstitial fluid and/or capillary blood for transdermal monitoring of chemicals [1]. In this presentation, the integration of several types of electrochemical sensors with hollow microneedles will be considered. For example, carbon fiber electrodes have been integrated with digital micromirror device-produced microneedles; ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide were detected with these devices [2]. Carbon paste electrodes have also been integrated with digital micromirror device-produced microneedles; electrodes made from rhodium-dispersed carbon paste were used for hydrogen peroxide sensing [3]. In addition, lactate oxidase-modified rhodium-dispersed carbon paste electrodes were demonstrated for lactate sensing, including in the presence of interferents such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen. A multiplexed microneedle array containing digital micromirror device-produced microneedles was subsequently used for amperometric detection of glucose, lactate, and pH; detection of these analytes in complex media was shown [4]. More recently, digital micromirror device-produced hollow microneedles were modified with a working sensor, which was prepared with graphene ink and 4 (3-Butyl-1-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonate) ionic liquid. Direct oxidation of fentanyl via square-wave voltammetry was shown; a detection limit of 27.8 μM was demonstrated using this approach [5]. Two photon polymerization has also been used to create hollow microneedles for biosensing; a porous carbon electrode created using interference lithography was used for potassium ion sensing in the presence of interfering sodium ions [6]. In another study, nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond coatings were deposited on Ti –6Al–4V alloy microneedles using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; dopamine and uric acid were electrochemically detected in an in vitro study [7]. These studies indicate that microneedles may have utility for minimally invasive detection of analytes in a real time manner. Benefits and disadvantages of the microneedle-based sensing approach as well as efforts needed for clinical translation of microneedle-based sensing technology will be considered. References [1] Miller PR, Narayan RJ, Polsky R. Microneedle-based sensors for medical diagnosis. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2016;4:1379-1383. [2] Miller PR, Gittard SD, Edwards TL, Lopez DM, Xiao X, Wheeler DR, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Brozik SM, Polsky R, Narayan RJ. Integrated carbon fiber electrodes within hollow polymer microneedles for transdermal electrochemical sensing. Biomicrofluidics. 2011;5:013415. [3] Windmiller JR, Zhou N, Chuang MC, Ramírez GV, Santhosh P, Miller PR, Narayan R, Wang J. Microneedle array-based carbon paste amperometric sensors and biosensors. Analyst. 2011;136:1846-1851. [4] Miller PR, Skoog SA, Edwards TL, Lopez DM, Wheeler DR, Arango DC, Xiao X, Brozik SM, Wang J, Polsky R, Narayan RJ. Multiplexed microneedle-based biosensor array for characterization of metabolic acidosis. Talanta. 2012;88:739–742. [5] Joshi P, Riley PR, Mishra R, Azizi Machekposhti S, Narayan R. Transdermal polymeric microneedle sensing platform for fentanyl detection in biofluid. Biosensors. 2022 Mar 27;12:198. [6] Miller PR, Xiao X, Brener I, Burckel DB, Narayan R, Polsky R. Microneedle-based transdermal sensor for on-chip potentiometric determination of K+. Advanced Healthcare Materials. 2014;3:876-881. [7] Skoog SA, Miller PR, Boehn RD, Sumant AV, Polsky R, Narayan RJ. Nitrogen-incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond microneedle arrays for electrochemical biosensing. Diamond and Related Materials. 2015;54:39-46.
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Cochrane, Thomas, and Todd Stretton. "Enhancing Health Care Education and Practice Post COVID." Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v4i1.121.
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Healthcare education and practice has significantly been impacted by COVID-19. This includes the challenge on pedagogical approaches that highlight the potential of technology to facilitate innovative new approaches in response to social distancing, lockdowns, remote learning and improving the patient experience and positive outcomes. Many of these innovative approaches are not fundamentally new but are now seeing relevance beyond early adopters to mainstream implementation. This presentation draws upon collaborations with educational researchers and technologists that have explored the integration of technology into healthcare education and practice.
COVID-19 Adversity to Opportunity
Many healthcare programmes required reenvisaging teaching and learning approaches in response to COVID-19 restrictions. This had a particular impact on the development of interpersonal and practical knowledge and skills essential for healthcare graduates.
The limited access to on-campus learning provided an opportunity for both institutional and individual evaluation of pedagogical practices. The affordances of traditional, didactic, and “hands-on” skills were compared with those that could be facilitated using online asynchronous/ synchronous strategies. A particular concern was the development of the interpersonal and practical skills required in safe and effective healthcare practice. Alongside easing of restrictions, these skills were adapted using online demonstrations within the limits of socially distanced “bubbles”, telehealth and limited clinical placements. Reconsideration of summative assessments was also required- with the introduction online synchronous and asynchronous verbal assessments, and asynchronous submissions of practical skills online (Cochrane et al., 2021; Narayan et al., 2021).
In the prospect of COVID-19 restrictions continuing to lift, it is envisioned that most of the reenvisaged pedagogical approaches to healthcare education will persist, without compromising student critical thinking or practical skills.
Interprofessional Collaboration
This presentation will highlight the importance of interprofessional collaboration in healthcare curriculum design using a Design-Based-Research methodology (Chen et al., 2020; Kartoğlu et al., 2020) to facilitate authentic learning and develop self-determined learning capabilities for healthcare professionals.
DBR- Design Principles in response to COVID
Transferable design principles will be introduced for enhancing healthcare education that will improve practice in a COVID19 world, particularly drawing from eight healthcare projects including: STUDIO602 – enhancing clinical practice with mobile technologies (Cochrane & Sinfield, 2021), developing a virtual reality handover experience for healthcare students (Cochrane et al., 2018), using immersive reality to develop critical thinking in clinical health education (Stretton et al., 2018), enhancing first responder clinical simulation education using immersive reality and biometrics (Cochrane et al., 2020), designing authentic learning for graduate entry nursing students (Macdiarmid et al., 2021), designing public and environmental health education (Kersey et al., 2018), Biomedical engineering (Lam et al., 2021), and physiology education (Fabris et al., 2019).
References
Chen, W., Sandars, J., & Reeves, T. C. (2020). Navigating complexity: The importance of design-based research for faculty development. Medical Teacher, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1774530
Cochrane, T., Aiello, S., Cook, S., Aguayo, C., & Wilkinson, N. (2020). MESH360: A framework for designing MMR enhanced Clinical Simulations [Journal]. Research in Learning Technology, 28(Mobile Mixed Reality - Themed Collection). https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v28.2357
Cochrane, T., Narayan, V., Aiello, S., Birt, J., Cowie, N., Cowling, M., Deneen, C., Goldacre, P., Alizadeh, M., Sinfield, D., Stretton, T., & Worthington, T. (2021, 29th November- 1st December 2021). Post Pandemic Socially Constructed Blended Synchronous Learning: Vignettes from the Mobile Learning SIG. ASCILITE 2021: 38th International Conference on Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, Australia.
Cochrane, T., & Sinfield, D. (2021). STUDIO602: A model for designing real world collaborations between Higher education and Industry. In K. MacCallum & D. Parsons (Eds.), Industry Practices, Processes and Techniques Adopted in Education - Supporting innovative teaching and learning practice (Vol. In preparation). Springer. http://davidparsons.ac.nz/industry-in-ed/
Cochrane, T., Stretton, T., Aiello, S., Britnell, S., Cook, S., & Narayan, V. (2018). Authentic Interprofessional Health Education Scenarios using Mobile VR [Journal]. Research in Learning Technology, 26, 2130. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.2130
Fabris, C. P., Rathner, J. A., Fong, A. Y., & Sevigny, C. P. (2019). Virtual Reality in Higher Education. International Journal of Innovation in Science and Mathematics Education (formerly CAL-laborate International), 27(8).
Kartoğlu, Ü., Siagian, R. C., & Reeves, T. C. (2020). Creating a "Good Clinical Practices Inspection" Authentic Online Learning Environment through Educational Design Research. TechTrends : for leaders in education & training, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00509-0
Kersey, K., Lees, A., Conn, C., Cochrane, T., Narayan, V., & Williams, M. (2018). “Context matters”: The challenges and opportunities of designing tertiary public and environmental health education in South Auckland. Pacific Health, 1(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24135/pacifichealth.v1i1.8
Lam, L., Cochrane, T., Rajagopal, V., Davey, K., & John, S. (2021). Enhancing student learning through trans-disciplinary project-based assessment in bioengineering. Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 3(1), 4-5. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v3i1.80
Macdiarmid, R., Winnington, R., Cochrane, T., & Merrick, E. (2021). Using educational design research to develop authentic learning for Graduate Entry Nursing students in New Zealand. Nurse Education in Practice, 102965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.102965
Narayan, V., Cochrane, T., Aiello, S., Birt, J., Cowie, N., Cowling, M., Deneen, C., Goldacre, P., Alizadeh, M., Sinfield, D., Stretton, T., & Worthington, T. (2021, 29 November - 1 December). Mobile learning and socially constructed blended learning through the lens of Activity Theory. ASCILITE 2021: 38th International Conference on Innovation, Practice and Research in the Use of Educational Technologies in Tertiary Education, University of New England (UNE), Armidale, Australia.
Stretton, T., Cochrane, T., & Narayan, V. (2018). Exploring Mobile Mixed Reality in Healthcare Higher Education: A Systematic Review [Journal]. Research in Learning Technology, 26, 2131. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.2131
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Roy, Anjali Gera. "Fiction into Film 7." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 9 (August 1, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v9i.99.
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R. K. Narayan’s The Guide, considered a masterpiece, was made into an equally successful film. Guide was made in two versions — an English version in collaboration with Pearl S. Buck and directed by Ted Danielewski to introduce Dev Anand to Western audiences and the Hindi version directed by Dev Anand’s younger brother, Vijay Anand. Despite being warned by all and sundry not to touch the project and his brother’s strong reluctance to direct, Anand persisted with the film, which went on to fetch awards in almost all categories and remains a landmark in Indian Cinema. R. K. Narayan was most unhappy with the final film as he felt it deviated too much from his novel, particularly in Anand’s change of setting from Malgudi to Udaipur and the film’s ending, and disowned the film. The author’s disappointment with the cinematic translation of his text is understandable. But it overlooks the difference between fiction and film, the main issue being that the novel is a verbal medium whereas film is primarily a visual genre. What is the process through which the filmmaker translates the verbal into the visual mode? How did Vijay Anand translate Narayan’s complex fictional narrative that weaves in modernization, social reform, and development with spiritual quest in a cinematic code? How did he weave in the emboxed narrative of the unhappy dancer Rosie into the frame story about the Hindu concepts of the power of faith and renunciation? How did he handle descriptions of characters: “complexion not white, but dusky, which made her only half visible, as if you saw her through a film of tender coconut juice” and mood: “‘I’m prepared to spend the whole night here,’ she said. ‘He will, of course, be glad to be left alone. Here at least we have silence and darkness, welcome things, and something to wait for out of that darkness’”; interior monologue; the passage of time; the switch from the frame to the emboxed tale and so on? Through examining The Guide, this paper will engage with the handling of narrative in fiction and film.
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Young, Derek. "Techniques for determining equality of the maximum nullity and the zero forcing number of a graph." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 37 (May 10, 2021): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2021.4967.
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It is known that the zero forcing number of a graph is an upper bound for the maximum nullity of the graph (see [AIM Minimum Rank - Special Graphs Work Group (F. Barioli, W. Barrett, S. Butler, S. Cioab$\breve{\text{a}}$, D. Cvetkovi$\acute{\text{c}}$, S. Fallat, C. Godsil, W. Haemers, L. Hogben, R. Mikkelson, S. Narayan, O. Pryporova, I. Sciriha, W. So, D. Stevanovi$\acute{\text{c}}$, H. van der Holst, K. Vander Meulen, and A. Wangsness). Linear Algebra Appl., 428(7):1628--1648, 2008]). In this paper, we search for characteristics of a graph that guarantee the maximum nullity of the graph and the zero forcing number of the graph are the same by studying a variety of graph parameters that give lower bounds on the maximum nullity of a graph. Inparticular, we introduce a new graph parameter which acts as a lower bound for the maximum nullity of the graph. As a result, we show that the Aztec Diamond graph's maximum nullity and zero forcing number are the same. Other graph parameters that are considered are a Colin de Verdiére type parameter and vertex connectivity. We also use matrices, such as a divisor matrix of a graph and an equitable partition of the adjacency matrix of a graph, to establish a lower bound for the nullity of the graph's adjacency matrix.
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Seneviratne, Sinali, Mark Marriott, and Mastura Monif. "065 Presence of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in the serum of two patients following alemtuzumab therapy for suspected multiple sclerosis." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A21.2—A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.57.
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IntroductionMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody mediated disease is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder which can resemble multiple sclerosis (MS).1 2 Thus, this condition can be misdiagnosed and treated as MS.3 We present the clinical trajectory of two cases initially diagnosed as MS, treated with Alemtuzumab followed by clinical and radiological deterioration. Both were subsequently found to have anti MOG antibody in their serum.MethodsThis is a retrospective case study based on a medical record search of neuroimmunology clinics in two teaching hospitals in Victoria. We searched for patients treated with Alemtuzumab who subsequently tested positive for MOG antibody.ResultsWe found two young women who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. One patient presented with dizziness and vertigo, the other with unilateral optic neuritis. Both had supratentorial MRI lesions and were both diagnosed as having MS. Both patients experienced multiple relapses while on treatment for MS. Hence, they were commenced on Alemtuzumab therapy. Unexpectedly, both patients experienced a decline in their clinical status with worsening of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and an increasing lesion load on MRI brain. Their serum anti MOG antibodies were then found to be positive. Subsequently, patients were treated with rituximab and plasma exchange with a favorable response.ConclusionsThese two cases demonstrate that Alemtuzumab is ineffective and in fact can worsen cases of anti-MOG antibody associated encephalomyelitis. This highlights the importance of anti MOG antibody testing when patients diagnosed with MS do not respond to Alemtuzumab and in those patients presenting with atypical features of MS.ReferencesWeber MS, Derfuss T, Metz I, Bruck W. Defining distinct features of anti-MOG antibody associated central nervous system demyelination. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2018;11:1756286418762083.Narayan R, Simpson A, Fritsche K, Salama S, Pardo S, Mealy M, et al. MOG antibody disease: A review of MOG antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018;25:66–72.Wildemann B, Jarius S, Schwarz A, Diem R, Viehover A, Hahnel S, et al. Failure of alemtuzumab therapy to control MOG encephalomyelitis. Neurology 2017;89(2):207–9.
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Londoño, Diana, Yunhong Bai, Wolfram R. Zückert, Harald Gelderblom, and Diego Cadavid. "Cardiac Apoptosis in Severe Relapsing Fever Borreliosis." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7669-7676.2005.
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ABSTRACT Previous studies revealed that the heart suffers significant injury during experimental Lyme and relapsing fever borreliosis when the immune response is impaired (D. Cadavid, Y. Bai, E. Hodzic, K. Narayan, S. W. Barthold, and A. R. Pachner, Lab. Investig. 84:1439-1450, 2004; D. Cadavid, T. O'Neill, H. Schaefer, and A. R. Pachner, Lab. Investig. 80:1043-1054, 2000; and D. Cadavid, D. D. Thomas, R. Crawley, and A. G. Barbour, J. Exp. Med. 179:631-642, 1994). To investigate cardiac injury in borrelia carditis, we used antibody-deficient mice persistently infected with isogenic serotypes of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia turicatae. We studied infection in hearts 1 to 2 months after inoculation by TaqMan reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and inflammation by hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome staining, IHC, and in situ hybridization (ISH). We studied apoptosis by terminal transferase-mediated DNA nick end labeling assay and measured expression of apoptotic molecules by RNase protection assay, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot. All antibody-deficient mice, but none of the immunocompetent controls, developed persistent infection of the heart. Antibody-deficient mice infected with serotype 2 had more severe cardiac infection and injury than serotype 1-infected mice. The injury was more severe around the base of the heart and pericardium, corresponding to sites of marked infiltration by activated macrophages and upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Infected hearts showed evidence of apoptosis of macrophages and cardiomyocytes as well as significant upregulation of caspases, most notably caspase-1. We conclude that persistent infection with relapsing fever borrelias causes significant loss of cardiomyocytes associated with prominent infiltration by activated macrophages, upregulation of IL-6, induction of caspase-1, and apoptosis.
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Agarwal, Anupam, and Sonal Shukla. "Untouchable and Coolie: The Soul of Social Realism." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 1 (2014): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.211421.
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Mulk Raj Anand is very well- known as an Indian novelist, distinguished writer, reformer, art critic, editor, journalist, a short story writer and political activist. He opened a new section of writers of fiction along with Raja Rao and R. K. Narayan and produced a great deal of English literature and his mastery in the realistic and sympathetic portrayal of the exploited class of Indian society marks his genius as a socially committed novelist. That‟s why he is not only known as India‟s Charles dickens but also considered the messiah of the have-nots, unloved, down trodden and unwanted. The exploitation of the downtrodden in Indian society made him focus his attention on their miserable and pathetic condition and formed the major theme of his works. His writings reflect his urgent social concern, preoccupations and the social impulse and made the reader to be immediately aware of the exploitation faced by the downtrodden through the heart throbbing description of their wretched state. Painted with the colors of social realism Mulk Raj Anand‟s two novels Untouchable and Coolie reflect the hard core reality of the Indian society of early decades of twentieth century.. Written with a purpose both these novels condemn the modern capitalistic Indian society and feudal system for the shameless and tragic exploitation of the poor and underdog as there is nothing but a true, real and bitter reflection of the society in both the novels dealing with a similar central theme of social exploitation, the exploitation of the downtrodden and the under-privileged because of the curse of untouchability, poverty, hunger, child labour, social governance, social set up of society, customs, religious belief, prejudices and the suffering of the Indian masses by the forces of capitalism, industrialism and colonialism. The present paper shows the true colours of social realism in Untouchable and Coolie; the epic like novels of M. K. Anand to strike a cord in the hearts of the consciententious Indians through a beautiful and real to life portrayal of the exploited masses of Indian society.
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Hanumatha Reddy, K. "Short Story: A Vehicle for Reflection of Socio-Economic Concerns of the Nation." Shanlax International Journal of English 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v9i3.3841.
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The history of the short story is as old as human civilization. The parable, fable and folk tale are its different forms and all of them, share their origin and pattern with poetry. After the maturity of the novel as a genuine genre, the descendent craft of the short story writing sprang up from a variety of soil late in the nintenth century, previously, the short story was assigned an inferior statues, mostly recognized as a little piece of literature that an author/writer tossed of between major productions. At present, the prolific writers in this field have considered the modern short story as a complex form, making in depth but lacks in length.With the advent of literary art, the yearning for tales has acquired new dimensions. The range and scope of the stories has become extensive, wide and universal. Now the writer of short stories endeavours to explore various manifestations of life which primarily include inter-personal relationship,man’s association with nature,the learning experiences of life and other social issues. The human relationship continues to be the nucleus of any literary work. In a country like India,anyone, who wishes to be a writer,has to shoulder moral responsibility. The author through his work provides an outlet to his innermost unexpressed feelings and frees his mind from these emotions. Sometimes he brings to the notice of his readers his observations of social and cultural setup,thus performing the role of a social reformer. As a genuine artist the author needs to shoulder the responsibility to interpret life in all its shades and colours for the common man. The prominent Indian practitioner’s off short story as a literary form included K S Venkataramani, K Nagarajan, Raja Rao, Rabindranath Tagore, Mulk Raj Anand, Ruskin Bond, R K Narayan, etc.
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Setiakarnawijaya, Yasep, Karisda Pradityana, and Nofi Marlina Siregar. "Mapping The Landscape of Childhood Obesity Research: Insights from A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis in Scopus Journals." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.181.04.
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This study aims to determine the development of scientific publications, mapping the scope and theme of publications related to obesity in early childhood published in Scopus-indexed journals from 2013-2023. This study uses the Scopus database which is retrieved using the publish or perish application. From the results of data extraction, 200 articles were obtained with keywords in the article titled Childhood Obesity. This research uses keyword co-occurrence analysis to identify and explore the main fields and topics that appear in publications. The application used to analyze the data is Vos Viewer. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 clusters were obtained. This study provides information to researchers, especially researchers in Indonesia about publication trends related to Childhood obesity. It is hoped that this research can be a foundation for further research, scientific development, and implementation in the fields of early childhood, health, and physical education. Keywords: childhood obesity, early childhood education, bibliometrics. References: An, R. (2020). Projecting the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on childhood obesity in the United States: A microsimulation model. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(4), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.006 Biro, F. M., & Wien, M. (2010). Childhood obesity and adult morbidities. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(5), 1499S-1505S. Cunningham, S. A., Kramer, M. R., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2014). Incidence of Childhood Obesity in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(5), 403–411. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1309753 Famelia, R., Tsuda, E., Bakhtiar, S., & Goodway, J. D. (2018). Relationships among perceived and actual motor skill competence and physical activity in Indonesian preschoolers. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 6, S403–S423. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0072 Gao, Z., Zeng, N., Pope, Z. C., Wang, R., & Yu, F. (2019). Effects of exergaming on motor skill competence, perceived competence, and physical activity in preschool children. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.12.001 Genin, P. M., Lambert, C., Larras, B., Pereira, B., Toussaint, J. F., Baker, J. S., Tremblay, A., Thivel, D., & Duclos, M. (2021). How did the COVID-19 confinement period affect our physical activity level and sedentary behaviors? Methodology and first results from the French national ONAPS survey. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(3), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1123/JPAH.2020-0449 Giles, L. C., Whitrow, M. J., Davies, M. J., Davies, C. E., Rumbold, A. R., & Moore, V. M. (2015). Growth trajectories in early childhood, their relationship with antenatal and postnatal factors, and development of obesity by age 9 years: Results from an Australian birth cohort study. International Journal of Obesity, 39(7), 1049–1056. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.42 Huang, S. Y., Hogg, J., Zandieh, S., & Bostwick, S. B. (2012). A ballroom dance classroom program promotes moderate to vigorous physical activity in elementary school children. American Journal of Health Promotion, 26(3), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.090625-QUAN-203 Ji, C. Y., & Cheng, T. O. (2008). Prevalence and geographic distribution of childhood obesity in China in 2005. In International journal of cardiology (Vol. 131, Issue 1, pp. 1–8). Elsevier. Jia, P., Xue, H., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Time trend and demographic and geographic disparities in childhood obesity prevalence in China—evidence from twenty years of longitudinal data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040369 Kawuki, J., Ghimire, U., Papabathini, S. S., Obore, N., & Musa, T. H. (2021). A bibliometric analysis of childhood obesity research from China indexed in Web of Science. Journal of Public Health and Emergency, 5(February). https://doi.org/10.21037/jphe-20-95 Kesehatan RI, K. (2021). Epidemi Obesitas. In Epidemi Obesitas (pp. 1–8). Milliken, S., Allen, R. M., & Lamont, R. F. (2019). The role of antimicrobial treatment during pregnancy on the neonatal gut microbiome and the development of atopy, asthma, allergy and obesity in childhood. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 18(3), 173–185. Min, J., Fang Yan, A., & Wang, Y. (2018). Mismatch in Children’s Weight Assessment, Ideal Body Image, and Rapidly Increased Obesity Prevalence in China: A 10‐Year, Nationwide, Longitudinal Study. Obesity, 26(11), 1777–1784. Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014a). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806–814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732 Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014b). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama, 311(8), 806–814. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.732 Osunsan, O. K., Ijjo, A. T., Mugisha, J. F., Samuel, P., & Muhwezi, M. (2022). Publish or Perish’: A Systematic Review. Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 1. Ranjani, H., Mehreen, T. S., Pradeepa, R., Anjana, R. M., Garg, R., Anand, K., & Mohan, V. (2016). Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: A systematic review. In Indian Journal of Medical Research (Vol. 143, Issue FEBRUARY, pp. 160–174). https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.180203 Reyes-Olavarría, D., Latorre-Román, P. Á., Guzmán-Guzmán, I. P., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Caamaño-Navarrete, F., & Delgado-Floody, P. (2020). Positive and negative changes in food habits, physical activity patterns, and weight status during covid-19 confinement: Associated factors in the chilean population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155431 Russell, C. G., & Russell, A. (2019). 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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Chaudhuri, Nanda Kishore. "Themes and Characters of R K Narayan`s Novel- a critical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1155.
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ANGIBAUD, LAIDET ANNE MARIE. "R. K. Narayan, ecrivain postcolonial." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070087.
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Reconnaissant l'importance historique d'une oeuvre nee a la veille de l'independance de l'inde et poursuivie un demi-siecle apres, constatant que la critique n'a pas entierement rendu justice a r. K. Narayan, notre etude se propose de demontrer que son message qualifie de 'simple' cache complexite et sophistication. Le mode oblique et ironique ainsi que le non-dit font partie d'une pratique discursive qui s'inscrit dans le courant postcolonial. Tout en exposant clairement la forte identite culturelle de son pays et celebrant l'immense reservoir de sens qu'il represente, l'auteur toujours attentif au detail denonce les abus de pouvoir minant les membres de la petite communaute d'inde du sud imaginee a partir de ce qu'il observe au quotidien. Dans un premier temps nous presentons l'oeuvre comme produit du fait colonial et montrons comment elle s'insere dans les grands courants d'idees du debut du siecle, pourquoi l'auteur etablit un remarquable equilibre entre imitation et resistance aux structures de pensee dominantes. La chronologie de l'oeuvre donne son sens a l'evolution du discours : denonciation indirecte des abus de pouvoir dans une societe de colonises au debut de l'oeuvre puis resistance a l'emergence de nouvelles formes d'imperialisme et condamnation de tout rapport de domination. La derniere partie analyse la portee du paradoxe exprime dans la position feministe de narayan et a travers la richesse de ses portraits feminins, la determination de l'auteur a articuler les nouveaux enjeux crees par la prise de conscience de l'individualite des femmes indiennesTaking into account the historical importance of a literary work started just before the independence of india and continued fifty years after, our essay will attempt to show the complexity and sophistication of narayan's message often qualified as 'simple' by a kind of literary criticism which has overlooked the undertones of the author's writing. He makes a constant use of irony, oblique angles, and implicit statements, all of which are part of the discursive practice of postcolonial literature. While all along narayan clearly states the strong cultural identity of his country and celebrates its huge and significant potential, at the same time through meaningful but inconspicuous details he denounces the abusers of power oppressing the members of the small south indian community he imagined, based on his daily observations. In the first part of our study, we present narayan's work as an outcome of the colonial situation, show how it is linked to the main ideological concerns of the beginning of the century and why the writer remarkably balances mimicry and resistance to the prevaling currents of thought. The chronology of the novels especially gives its full meaning to the evolution of narayan's discourse : first, he obliquely condemns the strategies of power oppressing colonized people, then he opposes cultural resistance and subversion to the new forms of imperialism to finally condemn all aspects of domination, and this is the focus of our second part. In the third part we analyse the impact of the paradox expressed in narayan's feminism and through the diversification of his female portraits, the writer's dedication to articulate the values at stake in the newly acquired individual consciousness of indian women
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Wendling, Cathy-Anne. "Entre Orient et Occident : les romans malgudiens de R. K. Narayan : perspectives critiques." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21023.
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Ce travail porte sur l'œuvre de R. K. Narayan à la croisée de deux civilisations. L’écriture de cet auteur, qui reflète les aspects sociaux et culturels de son appartenance première, se métisse avec les apports anglo-saxons. Toutefois l'analyse montre que les romans malgudiens rejettent implicitement le monde britannique pour privilégier la voix du passe védique. La structure esthétique de cette fiction est au diapason : les techniques narratives de R. K. Narayan puisent dans le fonds ancien de la théorie sanscrite du Rasa. Ce système artistique met l'accent sur l'identification, l'empathie et le rôle du récipiendaire. Cette dimension spécifique justifie l'emploi de la théorie de la réception dont les concepts sont apparentés pour l'étude de la littérature indo-anglaise de R. K. Narayan. Le métissage s'opère alors également au niveau des instances de lecture, permettant la découverte de l'autreThis dissertation deals with R. K. Narayan's novels that are between two civilizations. His work, which reflects the social and cultural aspects of India, is also cross-fertilized because of the use of the English language. However, further analysis shows that the malgudian novels implicitly reject British culture and put the emphasis on the past and on Vedic thought. The aesthetics of these novels match this aspect: R. K. Narayan's narrative techniques are rooted in the field of rasa theory which emphasizes reader's participation and empathy. This explains why it seems logical to use the tools of the modem reception theory to study his work since its tenets are very similar to rasa. Thus we can see that the cross-fertilization can also take place during the reading process which enables every reader to discover and appreciate an exogenous culture
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Ramos, Ana Lúcia Charrua Bento. "Seleção de contos de R. K. Narayan: reflexões sobre uma proposta de tradução." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14035.
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R. K. Narayan é um nome marcante na literatura de expressão inglesa. Originário da Índia, embora escrevendo em língua inglesa, este autor conseguiu criar um mundo imaginário, centrado numa cidade ficcional, mas tipicamente indiana. Nas suas histórias, encontramos astrólogos, encantadores de serpentes, crianças destemidas, eremitas – uma multiplicidade de personagens que cativam o leitor, através de uma combinação única de realismo e fantasia, de sabedoria e humor.
Não obstante o apelo óbvio da escrita de Narayan, em Portugal não há ainda traduções das obras deste escritor, pelo que nos propusemos selecionar alguns dos seus contos para tradução. Este trabalho de projeto procura, portanto, explicitar as principais questões levantadas durante esse processo de tradução, fazendo o devido enquadramento teórico, quer em termos da teoria da tradução (no geral e, especificamente, no que toca à tradução literária), quer em termos da contextualização do autor, no âmbito das literaturas pós-coloniais de expressão inglesa; ABSTRACT:R. K. Narayan é um nome marcante na literatura de expressão inglesa. Originário da Índia, embora escrevendo em língua inglesa, este autor conseguiu criar um mundo imaginário, centrado numa cidade ficcional, mas tipicamente indiana. Nas suas histórias, encontramos astrólogos, encantadores de serpentes, crianças destemidas, eremitas – uma multiplicidade de personagens que cativam o leitor, através de uma combinação única de realismo e fantasia, de sabedoria e humor.
Não obstante o apelo óbvio da escrita de Narayan, em Portugal não há ainda traduções das obras deste escritor, pelo que nos propusemos selecionar alguns dos seus contos para tradução. Este trabalho de projeto procura, portanto, explicitar as principais questões levantadas durante esse processo de tradução, fazendo o devido enquadramento teórico, quer em termos da teoria da tradução (no geral e, especificamente, no que toca à tradução literária), quer em termos da contextualização do autor, no âmbito das literaturas pós-coloniais de expressão inglesa; ABSTRACT:R. K. Narayan is a significant name for English literature. Born in India, but writing in English, this author succeeded in creating an imaginary world, centered on a fictional, typically Indian, little town. Going through his tales, we come across astrologers, snake charmers, high-spirited children, hermits – a variety of characters who captivate the reader, through a unique blend of reality and folklore, wisdom and humor.
Despite the noticeable appeal of Narayan’s stories, none of his work is yet translated into Portuguese; hence, we have decided to select and translate some of his short-stories. This project, therefore, aims to clarify the main issues arising from that translation process, offering the necessary theoretical frames (concerning translation theory in general, and particularly literary translation), as well as contextualization of the author within post-colonial English literatures.
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Pousse, Michel. "La révolution indienne dans les années trente à travers les romans de M. R. Anand, de R. Rao et de R K. Narayan." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030028.
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Dans les annees trente, les evenements politiques qui se deroulent en inde affectent les ecrivains indiens d'expression anglaise. Mulk raj anand, raja rao et r. K. Narayan publient alors leurs premiers romans. Avec le recul que permet le passage du temps, il apparait aujourd'hui que ces romans, salues lors de leur parution comme des descriptions objectives de l'inde profonde, ne furent en fait qu'un moyen, pour chacun des trois ecrivains, d'exprimer ses convictions politiques. Apres une presentation des ecrivains, des antecedants de la litterature indo-anglaise et du contexte politico-social de l'epoque, trois parties sont consacrees a la presentation des anglais en inde, a celle des indiens et a la contribution litteraire qui fut celle de ces romans a l'ideal revolutionnaire indien. En conclusion, il est montre que les sept romans etudies portent temoignage de l'esprit d'une epoque bien precise plus q'ils ne font preuve de nouveaute stylistiquePolitical events taking place in india in the thirties directly affect the works of indian novelists writing in english. These are the years when m. R. Anand, raja rao and r. K. Narayan publish their first novels. Today, it would seem that these novels, acclaimed at the time of publication as the first unbiased descriptions of india were exponents of the authors' political convictions. The presentation of each of the theree novelists, of the indoanglian literary movement and of the socio-political context of the day is followed by three main parts dealing with the literary presentation of the english in india, of the indian themselves and of the literary contribution of the novels under study to the revolutionary movement. It is shown in the conclusion that the seven novels studied in this work bear witness to the spirit of the time more than they prove the literary innovations they have too long been regarded as
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Naher, Shamsun. "Chronotopic manifestations and narrative discourse : a comparative study of the works of Naguib Mahfouz and R. K. Narayan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442056.
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Griffiths, Sheila Margaret. "Kim and his progeny." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21240966.
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Rohde, Larissa. "An annotated translation of Narayan's novel The Guide." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/33236.
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Esta tese consiste em uma tradução anotada do romance O Guia (1958), de R. K. Narayan. A tese apresenta uma discussão crítica de aspectos práticos e suposições teóricas subjacentes ao processo de tradução. Nas últimas décadas, a área de estudos da tradução expandiu-se e apropriou-se de vários significados, e atualmente vai muito além da dimensão textual. O conceito de tradução hoje engloba não só aspectos linguísticos como também questões culturais e históricas. As notas, portanto, dividem-se em duas categorias distintas: a) notas em português sobre expressões e palavras culturalmente específicas, que tem por objetivo fazer uma ponte entre barreiras culturais em relação ao leitor brasileiro, suplementando o texto traduzido; e b) notas sobre o processo de tradução como tal, discutidas em relação ao processo de análise e tomada de decisões do tradutor. Obras traduzidas desempenham um papel fundamental na propagação de tendências literárias no mundo todo, como demonstra o recente influxo de obras dos chamados escritores da diáspora a partir de regiões antigamente sob domínio colonial europeu. R. K. Narayan foi o primeiro escritor de língua inglesa profissional bem sucedido na Índia moderna, e abriu caminho para a literatura Indiana de língua inglesa contemporânea. O objetivo da tese se desdobra em dois eixos. Em um nível pragmático, o propósito principal é oferecer uma tradução informativa de O Guia para o meio acadêmico brasileiro. As notas explicam as escolhas feitas pelo tradutor e esclarecem as diversas questões culturais envolvidas na tradução. Em um nível analítico, o objetivo é pesquisar a dinâmica do processo tradutório, bem como os elementos que interagem nas tomadas de decisão e subsequente re-estruturação do texto na língua de chegada. bloco tem dois capítulos: A Cena Literária, um estudo introdutório sobre a vida do autor e contexto de sua obra, e A Cena nos Estudos de Tradução, que aborda alguns pressupostos teóricos, privilegiando a tradução orientada para o texto de partida. O segundo bloco, O Processo, apresenta a análise da tradução e o conjunto de estratégias empregadas. Este bloco tem dois capítulos: Notas sobre Aspectos Culturais, que traz a análise dos dois tipos de notas e Notas sobre o Processo de Tradução, o qual se compõe das seguintes seções: O Nivel Textual apresenta uma leitura crítica do romance, com ênfase na análise literária do processo de tradução, e também discute a presença da ironia e o papel do narrador. As seções O Nivel Sintático e O Nível Lexical complementam a discussão. O resultado final da pesquisa, a tradução anotada para fins acadêmicos, compõe o terceiro bloco. A tese é uma contribuição aos estudos de tradução no meio acadêmico brasileiro.This dissertation consists of an informative annotated translation of R. K. Narayan’s novel The Guide (1958). The dissertation provides a critical discussion of practical aspects and underlying theoretical assumptions to the translating process. The field of translation studies has in the last decades taken on many meanings and now encompasses realms beyond the textual dimension. Translation today is as much about the translation of cultural and historical contexts and concepts as it is about language itself. The notes therefore fall into two distinct categories: a) notes in Portuguese about culturally specific phrases and words, which aim at bridging cross cultural barriers to the Brazilian reader and supplement the text translated; b) notes about the translation process itself discussed in the light of the process of analysis and decision making. Translations have played a critical role in spurring literary trends all over the world, as the recent influx of the so called "diaspora writers" from European colonial backgrounds attest. R. K. Narayan was modern India's first successful professional writer in English and cleared the path for contemporary Indian fiction in English. The objective of the dissertation is twofold. On a pragmatic level, the main objective is to provide the Brazilian academy with an informative translation of The Guide. The annotations are used to explain the choices made by the translator, and to clarify the manifold cultural issues involved in the translation. On an analytical level, the objective is to research the dynamics of the translation process, observing the nature of the elements that interact in the moment of the translator's decision and in the subsequent restructuring of the translated text. The dissertation is divided into three major blocks, The Premises, the Process and the Product. The first block contains two chapters: The Literary Scene, an introductory study of Narayan’s life and context of writing and The Translation Studies Scene, which deals with selected theoretical points and states the preference for a source text oriented approach. The second block, The Process, is the analysis of the translation of the novel itself and the set of strategies employed. This block has two chapters: Notes on Cultural Aspects presents an analysis of the two kinds of notes and Notes on the Translation Process, which is divided into the following sections. The Textual Level presents a close reading of the novel, points out to the importance of the literary analysis to the translation process, as well as discusses instances of irony and the role of the narrator. The sections Syntactic Level and Lexical Level complement the discussion. The final result of the work, the annotated translation itself, which is intended for academic research purposes only, is presented in the third block. The dissertation aims at contributing to the ongoing Brazilian studies of translation.
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Muthiah, Kalaivahni Chelliah Shobhana Lakshmi. "Fictionalized Indian English speech and the representations of ideology in Indian novels in English." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12168.
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Kyselová, Markéta. "Problematika řízení nákladů a výnosů ve firmě J. S. K. Partner, s. r. o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3982.
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V práci jsou analyzovány jednotlivé nákladové položky, jsou vyhodnoceny jednotlivé ukazatele nákladovosti, zhodnocení řízení nákladů a výnosů. Firma J. S. K. Partner, s. r. o. podniká v různých oborech podnikání. Firma sídlí v Kamenici nad Lipou. Nejprve jsem charakterizovala jednotlivé nákladové položky za roky 2002 až 2006. Výsledkem byl základní pohled na ekonomickou situaci firmy. Pro detailnější analýzu nákladů jsem provedla analýzu ukazatelů nákladovosti.
Books on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Holmstrom, Lakshmi. The novels of R. K. Narayan. 2nd ed. Calcutta: Writers Workshop, 1992.
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Ramteke, S. R. R. K. Narayan and his social perspective. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishing, 1998.
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R.K. Narayan. Devon, United Kingdom: Northcote/British Council, 2011.
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Yolande, Cantù, ed. R.K. Narayan, The guide: A critical view. London: Collins in association with the British Council, 1985.
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Beatina, Mary. Narayan: A study in transcendence. New York: P. Lang, 1993.
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R.K. Narayan: Romamcier et témoin. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1992.
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R.K. Narayan: A painter of modern India. New York: P. Lang, 1995.
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1925-, Krishnan S., ed. Malgudi landscapes: The best of R.K. Narayan. New Delhi, India: Penguin Books, 1992.
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Mere Humanity: G. K. Chesterton, C. S. Lewis, And J. R. R. Tolkien on the Human Condition. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2006.
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"V Peterburge my soidemsia snova--": A. K. Shervashidze, S. B. Virsaladze, R. L. Gabriadze, G. V. Aleksi-Meskhishvili. Sankt-Peterburg: [Art-Deko], 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Riemenschneider, Dieter. "Narayan, R. K." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16815-1.
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Kreutzer, Eberhard. "Narayan, R. K.: The Guide." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16816-1.
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Riemenschneider, Dieter. "Narayan, R. K.: The Financial Expert." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16819-1.
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Riemenschneider, Dieter. "Narayan, R. K.: The Painter of Signs." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16818-1.
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Riemenschneider, Dieter. "Narayan, R. K.: The Man-Eater of Malgudi." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16817-1.
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Bogaschewsky, Ronald. "S*P*A*R*K." In Wissensbasierte Systeme in der Wirtschaft 1991, 51–83. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-12855-7_3.
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Bogaschewsky, Ronald. "Der S*P*A*R*K-Teacher — eine Hypertext Applikation." In Hypertext / Hypermedia ’91, 63–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76698-5_6.
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Washington-Nortey, Melissa, Everett L. Worthington, and Rihana Ahmed. "The Scientific Study of Religion/Spirituality, Forgiveness, and Hope." In Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality, 361–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10274-5_23.
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AbstractWithin both positive psychology and the psychology of religion and spirituality (R/S), forgiveness and hope are considered key virtues or character strengths. When relationships are beset by transgressions, engaging in forgiveness is related to hope that the relationship is repairable. When people participate in forgiveness interventions, they increase their hope. There are religious and spiritual, empirical, and theoretical reasons why forgiveness and hope are interrelated. We explore these reasons using an evidence-based theoretical model of forgiveness and relational spirituality, which is at the intersection of positive psychology and the psychology of R/S. The forgiveness and relational spirituality model combines basic and intervention research to conceptualize how R/S is related to forgiving. The model posits a sacred dimension to the interrelationships among the victim, offender, and transgression, which are embedded in a particular forgiveness-relevant event. We incorporate hope into this theoretical model and review recent scientific research (2012–2020) on hope, forgiveness, and R/S conjointly (k = 27) and on forgiveness and R/S specifically (k = 72). Almost all this research has been cross-sectional and correlational. We hypothesize causal connections to guide future research and propose ways to guide practitioners as they help people navigate relational forgiveness with more hope.
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Howard Lee, M., Jongbae Hong, and Jangil Kim. "Dynamic Properties of an Electron Gas at r s =3.5 and k ≫ k p and Application to Deep Inelastic Scattering." In Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems, 445–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47086-1_80.
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Barocchi, F., and R. Magli. "Three-Body Forces and Virial Expansions of S(k) and g(r) in Gaseous Kr." In Static and Dynamic Properties of Liquids, 205–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74907-0_27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Manikandan, G., R. Perumal, and R. Arulprakasam. "Strong K(r, s) seminear-rings." In THE 11TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112301.
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Ovsiannikova alla viktorovna, Zenkova vera nikolaevna Viktorovna, and Vera Nikolaevna Zenkova. "Formirovanie u detei s OVZ pozitivnogo otnosheniia k miru s pomoshch'iu mnemotekhniki." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-470085.
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Diachkova, Natalia Leonidovna. "K probleme oznakomleniia detei s fol'klorom arkhangel'skoi oblasti." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-557611.
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Mikheeva, Tatiana Nikolaevna. "Analiz tekhnologicheskogo protsessa zapisi k vrachu s tochki zreniia vozmozhnogo reinzhiniringa." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-472767.
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Gruzdev, Mikhail Aleksandrovich. "Nastavnichestvo kak sposob raboty s detskim teatral'nym kollektivom. "Ot zamysla k spektakliu"." In IV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-106780.
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Maralov, Vladimir Georgievich, and Svetlana Nikolaevna Sadardinova. "Psikhologicheskie osobennosti vzaimosviazi razdrazhitel'nosti k liudiam s proiavleniiami agressii v podrostkovom vozraste." In II Сollection of articles. Publishing house Sreda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-21896.
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Ponomarev, Vasilii Ivanovich. "Vzaimosviaz' smyslozhiznennykh orientatsii i tipov otnosheniia k bolezni u patsientov s arterial'noi gipertoniei." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-472500.
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Liu, Qiang. "K-Coverage Reliability Evaluation for Wireless Sensor Networks Using 2 Dimensional k / r×s / m×n:F System." In 2018 12th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability, and Safety (ICRMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrms.2018.00025.
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Koroleva, Iuliia Aleksandrovna. "Psikhologicheskaia gotovnost' pedagogov Rossii i Kazakhstana k inkliuzivnomu obucheniiu lits s ogranichennymi vozmozhnostiami zdorov'ia." In International Research-to-practice conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-86219.
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Nikitin, Andrei Vladimirovich. "K voprosu vybora formata zapisei dlia proektirovaniia onlain-kursov s matematicheskim soderzhaniem dlia shkol'nikov." In All-Russian Scientific Conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-108099.
Full textReports on the topic "R K Narayan`s"
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Aubert, B. Constraints on r{sub B} and gamma in B{sup {+-}} rightarrow D{sup 0}K{sup {+-}} decays by a Dalitz analysis of D{sup 0} rightarrow K{sub S} pi{sup -} pi{sup +}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829781.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: fascículo 38: toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004025.
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Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo los niños podrán realizar diferentes actividades para conocer el sonido y la escritura de la letra K-k. Les ayudaremos a combinarlas con las vocales y las consonantes y las consonantes M-m, P-p, N-n, L-l, S-s, F-f, T-t, B-b, D-d, C-c, QU-qu, Y-y, Ll-ll, H-h, Ch-ch, R-r, G-g, J-j, Z-z, -ñ.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 39: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004026.
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Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo los niños podrán realizar diferentes actividades para conocer los sonidos la letra X-x. Al inicio de las palabras suena /s/. A la mitad o al final de las palabras la X-x tiene dos sonidos juntos, ks. Les ayudaremos a combinarlas con las vocales y las consonantes y las consonantes M-m, P-p, N-n, L-l, S-s, F-f, T-t, B-b, D-d, C-c, QU-qu, Y-y, Ll-ll, H-h, Ch-ch, R-r, G-g, J-j, Z-z, -ñ, K-k.
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De Varela, Ana Lorena, and Silvia Martínez Álvarez. Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 40: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004027.
Full textAbstract:
Aprendamos Todos a Leer es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo los niños podrán realizar diferentes actividades para conocer el sonido u cuando se escribe con la letra W-w. Les ayudaremos a combinarlas con las vocales y las consonantes y las consonantes M-m, P-p, N-n, L-l, S-s, F-f, T-t, B-b, D-d, C-c, QU-qu, Y-y, Ll-ll, H-h, Ch-ch, R-r, G-g, J-j, Z-z, -ñ, K-k, X-x.
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Blais-Stevens, A., A. Castagner, A. Grenier, and K D Brewer. Preliminary results from a subbottom profiling survey of Seton Lake, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332277.
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Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.
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Wallace, ina F., Meera Viswanathan, Stephanie McInnis, and Jessica Sobolewski. How Effective Are Interactive Social Media Interventions for Changing Health and Health Behaviors? A Cochrane Review Summary with Commentary. RTI Press, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.rb.0034.2309.
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This brief summarizes the published Cochrane Review, “Behavioural Interventions Delivered Through Interactive Social Media for Health Behaviour Change, Health Outcomes, and Health Equity in the Adult Population,” by J. Petkovic, S. Duench, J. Trawin, O. Dewidar, J. Pardo Pardo, R. Simeon, M. DesMeules, D. Gagnon, J. Hatcher Roberts, A. Hossain, K. Pottie, T. Rader, P. Tugwell, M. Yoganathan, J. Presseau, & V. Welch (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012932.pub2). The Cochrane Review examines whether interactive social media interventions improve health behaviors and health outcomes, concluding that such interventions may benefit physical activity, weight loss, and well-being, but the evidence is not strong due to extensive heterogeneity and small effects. The review defines interactive social media as “activities, practices, or behaviours among communities of people who have gathered online to interactively to share information, knowledge, and opinions… in which adults are able to communicate directly with each other” (p. 1). The review and original commentary acknowledge the limitations, suggesting that future social media intervention trials use a common set of outcome measures, examine the role of mediating variables, and measure adherence. The original commentary describes other social media research that has shown an impact.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.
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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.