Academic literature on the topic 'R-3 validation approch'
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Journal articles on the topic "R-3 validation approch"
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Mukminatien, Nur, Rahmati Putri Yaniafari, Taufik Kurniawan, and Agung Wiradimadja. "CLIL Audio Materials: A Speaking Model for Library Science Department Students." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 07 (April 8, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i07.13223.
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To respond to the need of suitable materials for students of Library Science Department of Universitas Negeri Malang, this R&D project was designed to produce audio speaking materials using CLIL approach for blended learning. The method of development covered three main stages: exploring (identification and exploration of needs), developing (pedagogical realization of the product), and validating using peer review, practitioners’ validation, media expert validation, and try out. Three innovations were produced in this study: (1) Competence- CLIL-Based Speaking Syllabus completed with a speaking assessment instrument covering a speaking prompt and a scoring rubric, (2) audio materials accessible through Edmodo, (3) and a module for Speaking activities. The results show that the materials are suitable for the students’ communicative needs, interesting and meaningful for them. They also make learners motivated to learn
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Wan Md Adnan, Wan Nazirah, Nofri Yenita Dahlan, and Ismail Musirin. "Modeling Baseline Energy Using Artificial Neural Network – A Small Dataset Approach." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp662-669.
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In this work, baseline energy model development using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with resampling techniques; Cross Validation (CV) and Bootstrap (BS) are presented. Resampling techniques are used to examine the ability of the ANN model to deal with a small dataset. Working days, class days and Cooling Degree Days (CDD) are used as ANN input meanwhile the ANN output is monthly electricity consumption. The coefficient of correlation (R) is used as performance function to evaluate the model accuracy. For this analysis, R is calculated for the entire data set (R_all) and separately for training set (R_train), validation set (R_valid) dan testing set (R_test). The closer R to 1, the higher similarities between targeted and predicted output. The total of two different models with several number of neurons are developed and compared. It can be concluded that all models are capable to train the network. Artificial Neural Network with Bootstrap Cross Validation technique (ANN-BSCV) outperforms Artificial Neural Network with Cross Validation technique (ANN-CV). The 3-6-1 ANN-BSCV, with R_train = 0.95668, R_valid = 0.97553, R_test = 0.85726 and R_all = 0.94079 is selected as the baseline energy model to predict energy consumption for Option C IPMVP.
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Wardani, Riza Ayu, Zulhelmi Zulhelmi2),, and M. Rahmad. "PHYSICS LEARNING DEVELOPMENT WITH APPLYING OUTDOOR INQUIRY APPROACH TO GROW STUDENT SCIENTIFIC WORK HABITS ON GRADE XI SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL." Jurnal Geliga Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 1 (August 13, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jgs.6.1.47-52.
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The purpose of this research to produce learning devices by applying an outdoor-inquiry approach tofostering scientific work habits on the rotational dynamic material and the equilibrium of a valid rigid objects. The benefits of this research are the product can be used as teaching materials teacher guides, add science insight , guide students in self-development and foster the habits of student scientific work. Tthe method research was a Research and Development (R & D). Method steps include potentials and problems, literature studies and information gathering, product design, validation, and proven design. Data collection was done through learning device validation sheet by 5 validators, consisting of 3 physics education lecturers and 2 physics teachers. The instrument of learning device validity developed consisted of RPP validation instrument, LKPD and understanding items. Validation is done by two stages, that is validation phase I and validation phase II. The result of learning device validation phase I get the average value 2,78 with high category. The result of learning device validation phase II obtained the average value 3,15 with high category.
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Gorumutchu, Giri Prasad, and Venkata Nadh Ratnakaram. "Oxidative Coupling: A Tranquil Approach for Determination of Selexipag by Visible Spectrophotometry." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2018): 3112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340656.
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The present study is a first report on development of a spectrophotometric method for determination of selexipag (used to cure pulmonary arterial hypertension) in bulk and tablet formulation and its validation. The basis of the proposed method is formation of a chromophore (of λ max 600 nm) in presence of acidic ferric chloride by oxidative coupling reaction between selexipag and MBTH (3-methylbenzo-thiazolin-2-one hydrazone) solution. Regression analysis (r > 0.999) shows that the plotted calibration curve exhibits good linearity in the studied range of concentration (5 – 30 μg mL-1). As per the existing guidelines of ICH, various parameters of the method were tested for validation. Low values of R.S.D. (< 2 %) were observed indicating that the proposed method is reproducible, accurate and precise.
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Fitria, Endah, Buyung Buyung, and Aisyah Aisyah. "PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL SISWA KELAS X MIA SMAN 9 KOTA JAMBI." PHI: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/phi.v2i1.21.
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Abstract: This research is motivated by the existence of problems in the preparation of LKS being used in SMA Negeri 9 Kota Jambi. LKS is a teaching material that also plays an important role in improving the quality of learning. Preparation of the appropriate LKS and in accordance with the curriculum used is expected to achieve the learning objectives, so it needs continuous LKS development activities. The purpose of this research is to develop LKS based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on linear equation system material three valid, practical and effective variables.This type of research development is Research and Development (R & D) with the ADDIE development model. Stages of the ADDIE development model consist of analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The research instrument consists of Questionnaire and question instrument. Questionnaires consist of validation sheet by the material expert, validation assessment sheet by design expert, validation assessment sheet by media expert, individualized trial evaluation sheet, small group trial evaluation sheet, and evaluation field test sheet. while the question instrument consists of a pre-test and post-test questions. LKS developed, then validated by the validator. Validation results obtained LKS with revisions based on suggestions and comments validator. Validity is illustrated by the percentage of material expert, designer and media experts in 82,61% in "highly valid" category, 76,16% in "valid" category, 90% in "very valid" category. LKS was then piloted into three stages: individual trials with 3 medium and low-skilled students, small group trials with 6 students, and field trials conducted in the real classroom of class X MIA 2 with 34 students. Judging from the comparison of pre-test and post-test values obtained tcount of 15.37 and ttable of 2.03 then tcount > ttable stated there are significant differences. Based on the results of validation, test and test results of learning then obtained the results of research that shows the feasibility of LKS with CTL approach pertained in categories valid, practical and effective.Keywords: Student Worksheet, Contextual Teaching and Learning, the development model of ADDIE
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Stauder, Adrienne, Michael Witthöft, and Ferenc Köteles. "Validation of the Hungarian PHQ-15. A latent variable approach." Ideggyógyászati szemle 74, no. 5-6 (2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.74.0183.
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Somatic symptoms without a clear-cut organic or biomedical background, also called “medically unexplained” or “somatoform” symptoms, are frequent in primary and secondary health care. They are often accompanied by depression and/or anxiety, and cause functional impairment. The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic Symptom Scale (PHQ-15) was developed to measure somatic symptom distress based on the frequency and bothersomeness of non-specific somatic symptoms. The study aimed to (1) evaluate the Hungarian version of the PHQ-15 from a psychometric point of view; (2) replicate the bifactor structure and associations with negative affect described in the literature; and (3) provide the Hungarian clinical and scientific community with reference (normal) values split by sex and age groups. PHQ-15, depression (BDI-R), and subjective well-being (WHO-5) scores obtained from a large (n = 5020) and close to representative community sample (Hungarostudy 2006) were subjected to correlation analysis and linear structural equation modeling. The PHQ-15 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.810; McDonald’s ω = 0.819) and moderate to strong correlation with the BDI-R (rs = .49, p < 0.001) and WHO-5 (rs = -.48, p < 0.001). Fit of the bifactor structure was excellent; in independent analyses, the general factor was strongly associated with depression (β = 0.656±0.017, p < 0.001) and well-being (β = -0.575±0.015, p < 0.001), whereas the symptom specific factors were only weakly or not related to these constructs. The PHQ-15 score was higher in females and showed a weak positive association with age. The Hungarian PHQ-15 is a psychometrically sound scale which is positively associated with depression and negatively related to subjective well-being. The bifactor structure indicates the existence and meaningfulness of a general factor representing the affective-motivational component of somatic symptom distress. The Hungarian version of the PHQ-15 is a brief and usable tool for the pre-screening of somatization disorder (DSM-IV) or somatic symptom disorder (DSM-5). The reported reference values can be used in the future for both clinical and research purposes.
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Rudakova, Olha, Svitlana Gubar, Nataliia Smielova, Maksym Yaremenko, Nataliia Bevz, and Victoriya Georgiyants. "Development of a unified approach to the method of identification, quantitative determination of active substances and accompanying impurities in a combined drug by HPLC method." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2(36) (April 29, 2022): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.255851.
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The aim of the work is to develop a method of identification, quantification of acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acids in the combined presence and concomitant impurities in the combined drug in the form of effervescent powder for preparation of oral solution by liquid chromatography and study of validation characteristics. Materials and methods. ProStar liquid chromatograph with “Varian” spectrophotometric detector. Chromatographic column with a size of 150×4.6 mm, filled with aminopropylsilyl silica gel for chromatography (Supelcosil LC-NH2, “Supelco”) with a precolumn (particle size 3 μm), mobile phase - buffer solution pH 3.2 - acetonitrile P (80:20), elution mode – isocratic; mobile phase velocity – 1.2 ml/min; the detection wavelength is 240 nm. Results. To determine acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, the optimal chromatographic conditions were selected considering the influence of other active and excipients in the drug. To prove the possibility of applying the proposed technique in the subsequent analysis of the effervescent powder, its validation was performed. The obtained validation characteristics indicate that the method of quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid in the studied dosage form corresponds to the parameters: accuracy, precision, linearity ( =0.92≤max =1.60, d=0.19≤maxd=0.51, a=0.17 max a=2.60, r=0.9994 min r=0.9981). In the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in the combined effervescent powder it is established that the correctness, precision, linearity are performed ( =0.86≤max =1.60, d=0.02≤max d=0.51, a=1.99 max a=2.60, r=0.9997 min r=0.9981). Conclusions. A new method for the identification, quantification of acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acids in the combined presence and concomitant impurities in the effervescent powder using high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The validation of the proposed method is carried out and its acceptability for use in pharmaceutical analysis is proved
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Ilmiyah, Azni Maziyatul, Aulia Sthephani, Rezi Ariawan, Agus Dahlia, and Riska Novia Sari. "Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan CTL materi segi empat kelas VII MTs Negeri 3 Siak." Journal of Didactic Mathematics 2, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jdm.v2i3.959.
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The purpose of this research to describe the level validity of mathematics lesson plan by using the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach on Quadrangle Substance at Grade VII MTs Negeri 3 Siak which was valid test. The development model in this research used an R&D model with six stages were the researcher have modified depends on the needs and conditions with current situation now it’s covid-19 pandemic. These six stages arepotential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision and final product. The data collection technique used in this research was the validation of lesson plan, the kind of data collection instrument was the form of a validation sheet. While the data analysis technique used in the form of descriptive analysis by describing the validity of the lesson plan which was developed by the researcher. The results of this research, the RPP validation were 85.86% with very valid criteria. While the results of LKPD validation were 89.81% with very valid criteria. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the development of mathematics lesson plan with a Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach on quadrangle substance at grade VII MTs Negeri 3 Siak has been suitable for the validity.
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Melinda, Nur Oktavia, and Rezi Ariawan. "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) pada Materi Prisma Dan Limas Kelas VIII SMP." Jurnal Absis: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Matematika 4, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30606/absis.v4i1.837.
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This study aims to produce mathematics learning tools in the form of Lesson Plans (RPP) and Student Worksheets (LKPD) with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approaches in Junior High Schools that have been tested valid. This study uses the development or R&D method using the ADDIE model, namely: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. The data collection technique used is validation data from experts. The data analysis technique is validation data analysis. From the study results, the results of the RPP validation were 86.77% in the very valid category, and the LKPD validation results were 85.41% in the very valid category. This study obtained that the mathematics learning tools with the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach in Junior High Schools were very valid.
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Rahmawati, Lia Hariski, and Siti Sri Wulandari. "Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Scientific Approach Pada Mata Pelajaran Administrasi Umum Semester Genap Kelas X OTKP di SMK Negeri 1 Jombang." Jurnal Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran (JPAP) 8, no. 3 (July 17, 2020): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpap.v8n3.p504-515.
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This research development od student activity sheets aims to(1) describe the results of developing students scientific approach based sheets on general administration subjects, (2) describe the feasibility of developed students scientific approach on the subject, (3) describe the learner response to the application development studensts scientific approach that has been developed on the subjects. In general Administration subjects for class X OTKP 1 students at SMK N 1 Jombang. This research is a development uses R&D (the research and development) research with 4-D model consisting of 4 stages, namely defining, designing, development and distributing. this research was conducted at 20 learners in class X OTKP 1 at in SMK Negeri 1 Jombang, the results of the validation of the LKPDoverall score of 86%. The validation from material expersts score is 85%. The validation score of the linguist is 80 % and the validation of the graphic expert is 94% with very strong interpretation. So it can be conluded that the development students research scientific approach based sheets on general Administration subject even semester at SMK Negeri 1 Jombang is declared fit to be used as teaching materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "R-3 validation approch"
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Bokhari, Mahmoud Abdulwahab K. "Genetic Improvement of Software for Energy E ciency in Noisy and Fragmented Eco-Systems." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130174.
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Software has made its way to every aspect of our daily life. Users of smart devices expect
almost continuous availability and uninterrupted service. However, such devices operate on
restricted energy resources. As energy eficiency of software is relatively a new concern for
software practitioners, there is a lack of knowledge and tools to support the development
of energy eficient software. Optimising the energy consumption of software requires measuring
or estimating its energy use and then optimising it. Generalised models of energy
behaviour suffer from heterogeneous and fragmented eco-systems (i.e. diverse hardware
and operating systems). The nature of such optimisation environments favours in-vivo
optimisation which provides the ground-truth for energy behaviour of an application on
a given platform. One key challenge in in-vivo energy optimisation is noisy energy readings.
This is because complete isolation of the effects of software optimisation is simply
infeasible, owing to random and systematic noise from the platform.
In this dissertation we explore in-vivo optimisation using Genetic Improvement of Software
(GI) for energy eficiency in noisy and fragmented eco-systems.
First, we document expected and unexpected technical challenges and their solutions
when conducting energy optimisation experiments. This can be used as guidelines for
software practitioners when conducting energy related experiments.
Second, we demonstrate the technical feasibility of in-vivo energy optimisation using
GI on smart devices. We implement a new approach for mitigating noisy readings based
on simple code rewrite.
Third, we propose a new conceptual framework to determine the minimum number of
samples required to show significant differences between software variants competing in
tournaments. We demonstrate that the number of samples can vary drastically between
different platforms as well as from one point of time to another within a single platform.
It is crucial to take into consideration these observations when optimising in the wild or
across several devices in a control environment.
Finally, we implement a new validation approach for energy optimisation experiments.
Through experiments, we demonstrate that the current validation approaches can mislead
software practitioners to draw wrong conclusions. Our approach outperforms the current
validation techniques in terms of specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing differences
between validation solutions.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science, 2020
Conference papers on the topic "R-3 validation approch"
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Tiku, Sanjay, Morvarid Ghovanlou, Aaron Dinovitzer, Mark Piazza, and T. A. Jones. "Full Scale Test Validation of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Flaws in ERW Pipe." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9705.
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Abstract While the general fracture mechanics principles and methodologies for calculating fatigue lives are well documented and validated, their application in the prediction of pipeline system fatigue lives differed from field experience. The source and magnitude of the conservatism inherent in the calculated fatigue life estimates are an important element when establishing integrity management programs. Of particular interest are the fatigue life estimates used in integrity management programs for electric resistance welded (ERW) pipeline systems that may have pipe seam anomalies oriented along the pipe axis. BMT Canada Ltd (BMT) was contracted by Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) to develop a pipeline material fatigue crack growth database and conduct full scale cyclic pressure fatigue tests to develop improved crack growth rate parameters. A pipeline material fatigue crack growth database was developed using 185 fatigue crack growth rate tests on 45 pipeline materials ranging in grade from X46 to X70 and in vintage from 1937 to 2014. The database included fatigue crack growth rate tests on 18 pipe body base materials (BM) and 27 ERW weld seam materials at two different, stress ratios (R), of R-ratio = 0.1 and R-ratio = 0.6. The sampled crack growth rates observed in the pipeline steels, tested in the project were 2 to 3 times lower than the crack growth rates recommended in BS 7910. This paper presents the proposed power (Paris) law fatigue crack growth equation parameters, C and m, developed in the study. Two full-scale cyclic pressure tests were carried out to validate the use of recommended crack growth rate parameters. Axial flaws were machined in the pipe body and weld center line (WCL). Fifty-one (51) flaws of different lengths and depths were machined. The crack growth rates were monitored during the cyclic pressure tests by recording crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). The calibration curves for correlating CMODs with crack depths were developed and validated against finite element (FE) analysis. The fatigue crack growth rates observed in the full-scale tests were then compared with existing BS 7910 and API 579 formulations. The comparison confirmed that the BS 7910 approach results in very conservative estimates of fatigue crack growth rates for axial flaws. The BS 7910 stress intensity factor formulation overestimated the bulging correction for axially oriented flaws. The API 579 fracture mechanics-based fatigue crack growth formulation combined with crack growth rate parameters developed in this program provided improved estimates for fatigue life. The fatigue crack growth rates for line pipe and ERW weld seams developed in this project were shown to be less conservative and better predictors for fatigue crack growth and represent a valuable tool for pipeline integrity management. The use of this information will enable pipeline operators to focus remedial actions on features that have the lowest estimated fatigue lives.
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Ajibola, Olabode, James Sheng, Ebru Unal, Christopher Armistead, James Rutley, and John Smitherman. "Evaluating Reservoir Pressure Gradient Trend for the Delaware Basin’s Potash Area Using Machine Learning & Geophysical Log Cross-Sections Approach." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209899-ms.
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Abstract The reservoir pressure trend prediction for the potash area of Delaware Basin would enhance its optimum producible depths selection. It is significant for safe drilling, effective, and efficient governmental drilling permits approval in the area. Avoiding kicks, blowouts, fluid loss, pipe differential sticking, and heaving shales prevention improved wellbore control. This also leads to dependable wellbore integrity and better reservoir or well fluids control which are some of the benefits of proper reservoir pressure trend prediction. This study used the reservoir pressures predicted by Multilinear Regression machine learning model to verify the reservoir pressures calculated using drilling data from the potash area. Then, pressure trends are built for the area with Petra using geophysical log cross-sections. The results from these pressure trends are presented in 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional forms for the area to connect permitting optimum safely producible depths with hydrocarbon production. The study utilized drilling and well logs data from about 229 wells. All the wells were drilled and completed within the Potash Area to at least the base of Wolfcamp formation. The geophysical log cross-sections were created in 2- and 3-Dimensional forms using Petra, Matlab, and R machine languages. For the Multilinear Regression model over 330,000 data points from model parameters such as Deep & Shallow Laterolog Resistivities, Gamma Ray log, Neutron & Density Porosity Limestone logs, Sonic logs, caliper log, depth, lithology, mud weight, Photoelectric Cross-section, average porosity, water saturation, corrected bulk density log, and bulk density log were used. The datasets were grouped into 70 percent training and 30 percent testing randomly. The Multilinear Regression model predicted the reservoir pressures with high accuracy where the coefficient of determination (R2) is greater than 0.990. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranges from 0.0086 to 0.034 psi/ft between the predicted and the measured reservoir pressure data. The validation of the Regression model was done using another dataset. The reservoir pressures were predicted by the model with high accuracy using the validation dataset. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.99. This study shows that the regression model is reliable and can predict the reservoir pressures for the area accurately using well logs, drilling data, and geophysical data. Furthermore, verified reservoir pressures is used to build reservoir pressure trends for the area. The reservoir pressure trend can then be used to select the optimum producible depths in the area in order to promote safe, cost efficient, and optimum hydrocarbon recovery in the area. This study will also promote concurrent operations in prospecting for, developing, and producing oil and gas and potash deposits owned by the United States within the Designated Potash Area (DPA) (BLM Secretary Order, 2012).
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Alusta, Gamal, Hossein Algdamsi, Ahmed Amtereg, Ammar Agnia, Ahmed Alkouh, and Bacem Kcharem. "Integration of Self Organizing Map and Date Driven Methods to Predict Oil Formation Volume Factor: North Africa Crude Oil Examples." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205782-ms.
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Abstract In this paper we introduce for the first time an innovative approach for deriving Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo) by mean of artificial intelligence method. In a new proposed application Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technology has been merged with statistical prediction methods integrating in a single step dimensionality reduction, extraction of input data structure pattern and prediction of formation volume factor Bo. The SOM neural network method applies an unsupervised training algorithm combined with back propagation neural network BPNN to subdivide the entire set of PVT input into different patterns identifying a set of data that have something in common and run individual MLFF ANN models for each specific PVT cluster and computing Bo. PVT data for more than two hundred oil samples (total of 804 data points) were collected from the north African region representing different basin and covering a greater geographical area were used in this study. To establish clear Bound on the accuracy of Bo determination several statistical parameters and terminology included in the presentation of the result from SOM-Neural Network solution. the main outcome is the reduction of error obtained by the new proposed competitive Learning Structure integration of SOM and MLFF ANN to less than 1 % compared to other method. however also investigated in this work five independents means of model driven and data driven approach for estimating Bo theses are 1) Optimal Transformations for Multiple Regression as introduced by (McCain, 1998) using alternating conditional expectations (ACE) for selecting multiple regression transformations 2), Genetic programing and heuristic modeling using Symbolic Regression (SR) and cross validation for model automatic tuning 3) Machine learning predictive model (Nearest Neighbor Regression, Kernel Ridge regression, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Random Forest Regression (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVM), Decision Tree Regression (DT), Gradient Boosting Machine Regression (GBM), Group modeling data handling (GMDH). Regression Model Accuracy Metrics (Average absolute relative error, R-square), diagnostic plot was used to address the more adequate techniques and model for predicting Bo.
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Mendes, Alexandra, Franc¸ois Cellier, Carine Ablitzer, Christophe Perrais, Alain Dolliet, and Gilles Flamant. "Modeling of the SB-CVD Process Used for TRISO Coated Fuels Fabrication." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58118.
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For a few years, AREVA and the Commissariat a` l’Energie Atomique (CEA) have been conducting an extensive R&D program on V/HTR fuels with the objective is to optimize the TRISO fuel coatings produced in a Spouted Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition (SB-CVD) reactor. Numerical simulation models of this SB-CVD process have been developed in this work, describing physical and chemical phenomena occurring in high temperature spouted bed reactors. These models have been used to link external operating conditions (gas flow rate, precursor concentration, temperature, etc.) to local deposition conditions (concentration and temperature fields, deposition rate profiles, etc...). The adopted strategy has been to develop simplified models based on a process engineering approach, which require low computational efforts but can handle complex chemical systems and provide relatively accurate predictions. A model based on a hydrodynamic stream tube formulation (pseudo 2D model) and including a complete description of heat and mass transfer has thus been developed. Bed hydrodynamic has been described using high temperature correlations developed in the frame of this work. Radiation and heat transfer at reactor walls, which are of key importance for an accurate description of coupled transfer phenomena, have been implemented in the model formulation. The heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical mechanisms involved in the SB-CVD process have been first selected from the literature, then developed and reduced according to the main reaction paths. The pseudo 2D model developed and the specific high temperature correlations used have been validated by in-situ pressure and temperature profile measurement in 2″ and 3″ diameter SB-CVD reactors and finally by measurements of deposition rates on coated ZrO2 and UO2 kernels. The results presented in this paper show that the model is capable of handling rather large chemical schemes and combines simplicity and relatively good accuracy; hence it can be used for preliminary design and optimization of HTR fuel coating fabrication. Calculations have shown that particular attention must be paid to the heat transfer description in high temperature spouted bed reactors. A forthcoming work will focus on further model validation by varying the experimental conditions and using different SB-CVD furnace sizes and configurations. In addition further analyses and optimization studies of the chemical mechanisms involved are planned, which aim to increase the model accuracy and reliability. A better understanding of the SB-CVD process through accurate modeling will be very helpful for the optimization of coating deposition parameters on an industrial scale and for the design and scale up of large SB-CVD reactors.