Dissertations / Theses: 'Quota system'

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Boas, Andrew, and n/a. "Institutions, cooperation, and the quota management system." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 1994. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070531.130233.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the evolution of New Zealand�s Quota Management System (QMS) for marine fisheries. Analysis is performed using institutional theory and methodology. A broad review of institutional theory is made. In contrast to neoclassical economic theory, of which institutionalists have been a major voice of dissent, institutionalism stresses a holistic approach to policy analysis. An understanding of the the forces for institutional change and the structure of that change are the primary focus of institutionalism. An institutional framework for understanding the common pool nature of fishery resources is adopted. This highlights how the physical and technical characteristics of the resource and related decision-making arrangements influence the patterns of human interaction that determine the outcomes of a management regime such as the QMS. It is shown that the QMS was adopted in 1986 to address the biological crisis that had occurred because of past open access management policies. The fiscal crisis and the economic ideology prevailing at the time were also influential in promoting the QMS. The system was not able to be expanded as was intended because of a series of challenges from Maori disputing the Crown�s right to fishery resources. The Deed of Settlement signed in 1992, has supposedly settled Maori claims to commercial fisheries and allowed expansion of the QMS. Assessing the QMS using the institutional framework developed, showed the strong influence that neoclassical ideology has played in determining the outcomes achieved. Inadequate information concerning biophysical, social and economic implications of fishing constrain the ability of the QMS to successfully manage the resource. Inconsistencies and inadequacies in the legislation are only just being addressed as part of a comprehensive legislative review process. The future development of the QMS is also addressed in terms of the likelihood of cooperative common property management regimes being adopted. The common pool nature of the fisheries makes common property management regimes preferable. Cooperative community cultures are claimed by institutionalists to improve the outcomes achieved in common property regimes. There was considered, however, to be only limited potential for cooperation within the current institutional structure for New Zealand�s fisheries. Although the changes of the legislative review appear to be making some progressive changes, the diversity of interest groups and the prevailing western culture are seen as potential impediments to a comprehensive cooperative regime.

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Chan, Tung-wai, and 陳棟偉. "An analysis of the textile quota control system in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964400.

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Tam, Oi-lan, and 譚愛蘭. "The quota and points system of Hong Kong's public rental housing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207659.

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Prior to 1985, individuals were generally not allowed to apply for public rental housing (PRH) on their own. In 1985, in order to response to the demand from the elderly and those affected by redevelopment or living in temporary housing areas, the restriction was released. The release of restriction attracts many one-person households to apply PRH. In 1989/90, applicants of age 18 to 24 occupied 4% of the newly registered Waiting List (WL) One-person Applications. But in 2004/05, the age group 18 to 24 applicants occupy 21% of the newly registered applications (Hong Kong Housing Authority, Housing Subsidised Committee SHC 58/2005, p.1 of Annex B). The Hong Kong Housing Authority found that the sharp increase number of Non-elderly One-person Applicants has adversely impacted to the 3 years rehousing performance pledge. It started to address the housing priority problem through the introduction of Quota and Points System (QPS) in September 2005. The Points System is based on two factors to assign points – the age of the applicant and whether the applicant is a PRH tenant or not. The priority of Non-elderly One-person WL applicants will be determined according to the points received. The more points the Applicant scores, the top priority and the earlier the Applicant will be offered a flat, subject to the fulfillment of all the other PRH eligibility criteria. Housing Authority sets an annual quota for Non-elderly One-person Applicants. This study aims at reviewing and evaluating the equitable issue of QPS. Equity is to ensure fairness of treatment between households. QPS is an important policy to rationalize housing priority to the Non-elderly One-person Applicants under scarce public housing resources. This study approaches the equity issue from both a theoretical analysis and a qualitative measurement by questionnaire survey. Based on various literature reviews, the concept of justice, equity, equality and housing needs are elaborated in theoretical analysis. Also, the experience of public housing application in some developed countries is described. The Points System of developed countries and Fordham’s suitability test are taken into account on setting of questionnaire. Most of the findings under theoretical analysis are agreed with the findings from the questionnaire survey. This study focuses on analysis in equity issue of QPS and to suggest recommendations to improve the equity among applicants.
published_or_final_version
Housing Management
Master
Master of Housing Management

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Chan, Tung-wai. "An analysis of the textile quota control system in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13762163.

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Zamfirescu-Pereira, John Dalbert. "Measuring the performance of a Distributed Quota Enforcement system for spam control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37095.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72).
In this thesis, I evaluate Distributed Quota Enforcement (DQE), a system for enforcing quotas on e-mail use as a spam control mechanism. I briefly describe the design and implementation of DQE, and then evaluate the enforcer's performance in several ways. My evaluation includes: the capacity of a single node; how the enforcer scales with added nodes; how well the enforcer tolerates faults; the relationship between the enforcer's size and time to respond (request latency); and the impact of globally distributing the enforcer's nodes. Salient features of the evaluation include: an enforcer composed to a few thousand high-end PCs can handle the world's current e-mail volume; the enforcer is resistant to failures: even with 20% of its nodes down, stamps are reused on average only 1.5 times; the main bottleneck in the enforcer's performance is disk seeks.
by John Dalbert Zamfirescu-Pereira.
M.Eng.

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Lee, Yuk-kei Angela, and 李玉琪. "The textiles quota system in Hong Kong: a study of efficient allocation under rationing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209270.

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Persson, Joakim. "The impact of a quota system on women's empowerment : a field study in West Bengali, India /." Lund, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/594030978.pdf.

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Matthee, Jossette. "The new fishing quota system for the small scale, traditional fishers at Hawston: problems and prospects." University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7797.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
Hawston, a small fishing town situated in Greater Hermanus is famous for its lucrative abalone resource. Since the drastic reduction of the abalone quota, which was implemented from 1994-2001, black commercial abalone divers have been on the receiving end of the new fishing legislation. The decimation of abalone by illegal harvesters, and the annual allocation of one and a half ton of abalone to all black commercial divers at present, are serious factors that influence the future of the commercial abalone divers and their counterparts. An abalone quota plays a pivotal role regarding the existence of various groups of people namely the Southern boat assistants, Overberg commercial abalone divers, Hawston fishing community etc. This study attempts to examine the effects of the drastic reduction of the abalone quota on the commercial divers (from 22-ton to one and a half ton), the boat assistants and the Hawston fishing community. The mentioned groups are also engaged in harvesting their allocated crayfish quotas, the research project mainly focuses on the effect of the new quota system on the allocation of abalone and crayfish quotas in Hawston. In essence, this research project seeks to examine the validity or invalidity of the White Paper regarding policies of the new Living Resources Act on commercial abalone divers, the boat assistants and the Hawston fishing community. The researcher has noted the various shortcomings in the White Paper on Marine Resources and the associated indiscrepancies being practiced by the Department of Environmental Affairs. In the study, a qualitative method is used to assess the impact of the implementation of new fishing quotas on various social groups in Hawston (existing and new groups). This was done by means of in-depth interviews. Some of the policy makers at the Department of Environmental Affairs were also interviewed. An evaluation of data gathered through the use of interviews and review of primary and secondary literature, revealed that equitable fishing quota allocation systems are not addressing the needs of the small-scale fishers in Hawston. By means of reports, it was concluded that various factors are infringing on the rights of those excluded from receiving allocation systems and also has the effect of fuelling uncertainty for the future of commercial abalone divers and small scale fishers in Hawston. The primary objective of this study is to investigate if the White Paper Policy on Marine Resources is benefiting the disadvantaged small-scale fishers in Hawston. Most important for the commercial abalone diver in Hawston, is the effect of the decimation of abalone and how legislation in the new quota system will influence their lives.

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Novák, Jaroslav. "Mýtný systém a jeho vliv na silniční dopravu v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232659.

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This thesis deals with the toll systems which have been in operation in the Czech Republic since 2007. The first part defines the basic concepts of transportation and describes the development, goals and the direction of transport policy of the European Union, and the Czech Republic. It also describes the different ways of collecting tolls on roads and the possibility of charging for entrance into cities. The second part analyses the current state of the toll system, not only in our country, but also in neighboring countries. Practical knowledge is supplemented by the hand counting of trucks, avoiding toll communication and a questionnaire survey among carriers. The third part is focused on proposals for solving current situations. The aims are: bring trucks back to the toll roads, reduce the noise levels on highways at night, improve the quality of roads in the Czech Republic, increase user comfort levels of toll systems and increase the number of "green" trucks on the roads

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Pavlíková, Gabriela. "Současný sociální systém Rakouska." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76189.

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The question of social systems is a topical issue today. In this thesis I consider the social system in Austria. The Austrian social system is very generously funded, but at the same time very carefully planned, and its social benefits are distributed in the same way. In the first part of my thesis I will deal with the historical development of the Austrian social system. In the next section, I focus on the functioning of the current social system, especially in crucial areas - pension, health and social insurance. I also describe the implemented reforms of the pension and health insurance. Austria, in respect of these reform measures, has made significant strides to maintain long-term financial sustainability of its pension and health system. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether it would be appropriate to implement the selected elements of the Austrian social system into the Czech social system. In my thesis I also look at the current manifestations of crisis of the social state, particularly demographic factors and the problem of legitimacy.

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Greenston, Jessica Diane. "Assessing the suitability of an individual transferable quota system to address unregulated by-catch in South Africa's inshore trawl fishery." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4749.

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Martinová, Jitka. "Analýza daňových systémů vybraných rozvojových zemí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10515.

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Thesis deals with the tax systems, specifically with tax system of selected developing countries (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, China, India, South Africa and Ghana). First, briefly introduce each country, according economic indicators. Then introduce tax systems (especially the tax quata and tax mix) of selected developing countries and all groups of countries (as defined by Internationa Monetary Fund).

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Bennerstedt, Patrik, and Johan Grelsson. "Spain's electricity market design : A case study." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98488.

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Spain’s rapid implementation of renewable energy has been described as a success but thegovernmental cost associated to this rapid implementation has grown significantly. The purposeof this report is to investigate Spain’s electricity market, its current situation and present it, usingthe Swedish system as a reference.The report commences with a presentation of the Spanish and the Swedish electricity markets,followed by a chapter where they are compared. The renewable electricity production and theassociated development during the last decade is one focus of the comparison. The other focus ishow the costs of the subsidy systems have evolved and how they are connected to the differentenergy sources. Two sources, wind and solar, receives a higher interest than the others.Wind power shows a strong development in electricity production and contributes to asignificant part of the Spanish electricity mix. The costs of subsidies connected to the windpower reflect the produced electricity. Wind power in Sweden has had a rapid development overthe last two years and the subsidies costs are aligned with the electricity production through theuse of a quota system.There are great differences between the two countries regarding solar power. Sweden has hardlyany, while Spain has a noticeable contribution of electricity from solar power to its electricitymix. Solar power has an even more noticeable share in the Spanish subsidy system. The highsubsidies to solar power, which have not followed the reduced investment costs of equipment inrecent years, have led to a high degree of participation which has led to soaring costs for thesystem. Spain’s subsidy system is based on fixed earnings and variable costs and in combinationwith higher than expected costs, an annual deficit between the earnings and cost has been createdfor the government. This yearly deficit has increased and the Spanish government is now in debtto the five largest energy suppliers. The Swedish subsidy system carries its own costs and theSwedish government does not have a financial risk associated with the system.This study shows that the Spanish subsidy system has been too generous towards solar powerwhich is a large part, but not the only one, to the country’s huge deficit and debt. Sweden, withits quota system constructed without fixed earnings, does not risk creating a debt similar toSpain’s. Spain’s large part of wind power and how the volatile power is regulated could be ofinterest for Sweden which aims to increase its share of wind power in the future. This study findthe answer to how Spain copes with its high share of intermittent power production in that itaccepts a lower efficiency in its gas turbines in order to regulate the power output. Sweden, acountry without a large share of gas in its electricity mix, but with a large share of hydro power,uses its hydro capacity to regulate volatility in electricity system. Prior studies have already beenmade in this area with the result that 30 TWh of electricity from wind power, more thanSweden’s goal for 2020 regarding wind power, would be possible to regulate with the presentsystem each year.

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Kleinová, Nikola. "Statistické zachycení daní." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205598.

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Nowadays taxes are the most important tax income of the state budget and at the same time they affect the standard of living of the population in various ways. Although the countries try to harmonize tax systems, there are still considerable differences between them. The aim of the thesis is to capture taxes in the Czech Republic from the point of view of statistics and then perform the comparison within the countries of the European Union. The thesis contains a brief characterization of the national accounts and the classification of the taxes in the national accounts according to the ESA 2010. It further deals with the description of the Czech tax system, including a definition of the individual taxes. The subsequent section captures the tax burden expressed by tax quota and the rest of the thesis is devoted to the cluster analysis, which is then applied to the data from the annual national accounts. Using cluster analysis, EU countries have been divided into groups according to similarities and differences in tax systems and in particular on the basis of the tax quota.

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Mueller-Fischler, Falco. "Assessing the impact of new Individual Vessel Quota legislation on the sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta fishery." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92528.

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The Peruvian anchoveta fishery was for nearly 60 years characterized by the unsustainable dynamics of open access resource pools. This thesis investigates whether the 2009 Peruvian Legislative Decree 1084 on Individual Vessel Quotas (IVQ's) is an effective response to the industrial overcapacity and race-to-fish problems that threatened the environment before its implementation. It employs Common-Pool Resource theory to assess the impact of the new IVQ scheme on collective dynamics, and Ribot and Peluso's access theory (2009) to elucidate evolving power relations in the fishery. In this framework, DL1084 is evaluated as a regulatory instrument, as a lens on fisheries governance in Peru, and as a source of insight into how environmental impact serves in developing regulations of natural resource exploitation. A triangulated mixed-method design is employed: (1) a two-stream literature review of fisheries management and of the fishery's political ecology; (2) a quantitative analysis of daily state-published landings reports; and (3) seven in-depth intensive interviews with key actors in the fishery, conducted in Peru over two field-trips of approximately 2 months in total. Results indicate that although IVQ's supported existing trends towards large-scale economic efficiency and altered extreme competitive strategies previously associated with open access, fishing companies have built larger ships, favour bigger catches and still concentrate fishing effort around a given annual peak. Meanwhile, capacity has again increased in the unregulated artisanal fishery sector. DL1084 appears to reflect a broader process of growing private sector involvement in managing the fishery, made official by its institutionalization of market self-regulation. Ultimately, it evidences deep structure and capacity limitations in the state's ability to govern marine resources. The law was nevertheless seen as a landmark for the environmental legal process in Peru and an opportunity for reform. This thesis suggests that studying such legislations can provide insight into state identity and the evolving relationship between a nation and its geography.
Durante casi 60 años, la pesquería peruana de anchoveta estaba caracterizada por las dinámicas insostenibles de la explotación de recursos de propiedad común en situación de acceso abierto. Esta tesis investiga si el Decreto Legislativo Peruano 1084 (DL1084) sobre Límites Máximos de Captura por Embarcación (LMCE) es una respuesta efectiva a los problemas de sobrecapacidad industrial y de carrera por el recurso que amenazaban el ambiente antes de su aplicación en 2009. Se basa en la teoría de los Recursos de Propiedad Común (Common-Pool Resource theory) para evaluar el impacto del nuevo modelo de gestión por LMCE sobre las dinámicas colectivas, y en la teoría del Acceso de Ribot y Peluso (2009) para trazar la evolución de las relaciones de poder en la pesquería. En este marco, el DL1084 es evaluado como herramienta regulatoria, como lente sobre la gobernanza pesquera en el Perú y como reflejo del proceso por el cual el impacto ambiental sirve como base para el desarrollo de regulaciones sobre el acceso a recursos naturales. Sigue un diseño triangulado de métodos combinados: (1) una revisión de literatura en dos ramas de la gestión de pesquería como campo general y de la ecología política de la pesquería de anchoveta; (2) un análisis cuantitativo de los informes diarios de desembarques publicados por el estado (IMARPE); y (3) siete entrevistas intensivas de fondo con actores claves en la pesquería, realizadas en Perú durante dos visitas de aproximadamente dos meses en total. Los resultados indican que a pesar de que los LMCE soportaron una tendencia existente hacia una eficiencia económica de mayor escala y alteraron las estrategias competitivas extremas asociadas con el acceso abierto, las empresas pesqueras han construido embarcaciones más grandes, favorecen capturas de mayor tamaño y todavía concentran su esfuerzo pesquero alrededor de un pico anual de abundancia. En paralelo, ha aumentado la capacidad de captura en el sector artesanal, el cual no cuenta con límites de captura. El DL1084 aparece como parte de un proceso más general de creciente involucramiento del sector privado en el manejo de la pesquería, haciéndolo oficial por su misma institucionalización de la autorregulación del mercado. Por último, pone en evidencia profundas limitaciones de estructura y de capacidad en el estado en cuanto a cómo gobierna los recursos marinos. La ley ha sin embargo sido vista como un precedente importante para el proceso legislativo ambiental en el Perú así como una oportunidad para impulsar otras reformas. Esta tesis sugiere que el estudio de tales legislaciones puede ofrecer una mirada sobre los procesos de formación de la identidad de un estado y sobre la evolución de la relación entre una nación y su geografía.

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Pereira, Olga Maria Lima. "A TRAJETÓRIA DOS ALUNOS AFRODESCENDENTES NOS CURSOS SUPERIORES DO IF SUL-RIO-GRANDENSE CAMPUS PELOTAS: UM OLHAR SOBRE A NECESSIDADE DO SISTEMA DE COTAS." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2010. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/129.

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This work makes a call about the need to implement the quota system or inclusive policies at the Instituto Federal de Educação Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Pelotas. It demonstrates, through research, the history of exclusion experienced by black / African descendants from the colonial Brazil until today. It makes a reading and analyzing various laws of the black support in the pre-and post-abolitionist, and a look at the constitution of 1988, emphasizing many of the objectives listed there, such as: inequalities, cultural diversity, human dignity , and guarantees rights, social rights and basic fundamental, as well as the right to education as a fundamental human right for all and, finally, a critical view on the opinions for and against the quota system, its own Statute of Racial Equality, the which has yet to contemplate, with dignity, equal rights for African descendants. Such approaches have enabled analysis more committed against the black / African descent with respect to the inclusion through the Quota System. Thus, it is intended to deepen and scoring difficulties that make the rules guiding support to the black / African descendants in Brazilian society, something which is increasingly distant from the reality experienced in terms of access to higher education
Este trabalho de pesquisa faz um chamamento sobre a necessidade de implantação do Sistema de Cotas ou de políticas inclusivas no Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, Campus Pelotas. Demonstra, por meio da pesquisa, o histórico de exclusão social sofrida pelo negro/afrodescendente desde o Brasil-Colônia até a atualidade. Faz uma leitura e análise de diversas leis de amparo ao negro no período pré e pós-abolicionista, bem como um olhar sobre o texto constitucional de 1988, procurando enfatizar muito dos objetivos ali elencados, como: desigualdades, diversidade cultural, dignidade da pessoa humana, direitos e garantias, direitos sociais e fundamentais básicos, assim como o direito à educação como um direito humano fundamental a todos e, finalmente, uma abordagem crítica sobre as opiniões favoráveis e contrárias ao Sistema de Cotas e ao próprio Estatuto da Igualdade Racial, o qual ainda não conseguiu contemplar, com dignidade, uma igualdade de direitos para os afrodescendentes. Tais abordagens possibilitaram análises mais comprometidas em relação ao negro/afrodescendente no que se refere à inclusão por meio do Sistema de Cotas. Com isso, pretende-se, aprofundar e pontuar as dificuldades norteadoras que tornam a legislação de amparo ao negro/afrodescendente na sociedade brasileira algo cada vez mais distante da realidade vivenciada em termos de acesso ao Ensino Superior

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Ezimoha, Stella. "Flexibla identiteter i formella system : En idealtypsanalys avseende klassificering av kvinnor och kvalificering för kvotering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353224.

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There are two parallel developments in European and, particularly important for this study, Swedish policy. The trend is that the individual's self-determination of his gender identity, rather than psychological investigations, medical assessments and legal sections, should be legitimate in recognizing gender identity. Furthermore, there are intensive political debates on positive discrimination of women as a tool for achieving gender equality in response to that men and masculinity are still claiming and maintaining a leading role in society. This study takes root in these two political developments and investigates how two Swedish parliamentary parties, Vänsterpartiet and Socialdemokraterna, take position to transgender womens’ right to determine their gender identity and, at the same time, determine which women should be able to be gender quoted. The result showed that the parties, in political material regarding transgender, assume a trans-inclusionary attitude towards trans women in relation to women as a group, whereas the political material on gender equality of women has a trans-exclusionary approach. The conclusion is that there is a need for a political strategy for managing flexible identities in formal systems.

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Tychnová, Michala. "Daňové výnosy v postsocialistických zemích Evropské unie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114480.

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The subject of this thesis is the analysis of tax revenue of the post-socialist countries that are members of the European Union. In the theoretical part there are characterized tax systems of individual states. In the practical part I compare the tax revenues of the post-socialist countries. I analyze the tax quota, the tax mix and budgetary determination of taxes. Furthermore, I compare the tax revenues of the post-socialist member states and 15 original member states of the European Union. I focus on the tax quota, the tax mix and budgetary determination of taxes. From the analyses it is clear that the tax quota of the post-socialist countries is lower than in the older Member States of the European Union. Most of the tax revenue of the post-socialist countries stems from indirect taxation, particularly value added tax.

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Melo, Janaína Farias de. "Significado do sistema de cotas para o ingresso no ensino superior para estudantes negros de escolas públicas de Fortaleza." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18090.

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MELO, Janaína Farias de. Significado do sistema de cotas para o ingresso no ensino superior para estudantes negros de escolas públicas de Fortaleza. 2016. 107f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.
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This dissertation has as objective to analyze the meaning of Affirmative Action Policity – Quota System for adolescents and young people from public schools in Fortaleza, who declared themselves as African descendants, from the changes in access to public university process. The methodology is qualitative approach, using Focus Group with students from a school in which the students have shown greater knowledge about the Affirmative Action Policity, based on the analysis of responses to a questionnaire, applied on 464 students which participated the survey “Expectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de fortaleza: implicações da implantação do Sistema de Cotas no Ceará” (2014-2015). The material registered in the focus group had been interpreted based on the analysis of Bakhtin’s Speech coming from the linguistic theory and the Cultural History that is based on the assumption of language as a dialogical process and producer of human subjectivity. The understanding of the meanings and the sense constructed by subjects in relation to their educational future against of the deployment of the quota system, as well as the regards issues related to ethnic identity had been valorized. Was departed, then the assumption that new meanings was produced by theses students about access to higher education as they know the opportunities arising from the affirmative action’s policy for expanding the admission of black students in higher education. With the Focus Group, we conclude that students demonstrated do not have a meaningfully differentiated knowledge of the Quota System, understanding superficially how it works and the changes it can bring to your entrances in higher education, but not empowering as protagonists of these rights or understanding more deeply of the system implementation reasons. Thus, the significance and the meanings produced by the students regarding the changes related to entrance to the higher education resemble those of common sense, i.e. they are not based on fundamentals that guide the elaboration of the quota policy, which take them to a favorable position to the social quotas and to a rejection of racial quotas, because they believe that the racial one will promote the intensification of prejudice, dissociating the ethnic-racial issue of historical, economic and social factor. We see based on the results the necessity of thinking ways of dissemination and discussion of quotas for students in high school, order to give them the understanding of the historical and political significance of its implementation and they can empower the rights, not moving away from a policy that is being done to the students themselves.
Essa dissertação possui por objetivo analisar, o significado da Política de Ações Afirmativas – Sistema de Cotas para adolescentes e jovens de ensino médio de Escolas Públicas de Fortaleza, que se autodeclaram como negros, a partir das mudanças no processo de acesso à universidade pública. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de Grupo Focal com estudantes de uma das escolas em que os alunos demonstraram maior conhecimento acerca das Políticas de Ações Afirmativas, a partir da análise das respostas de um questionário, aplicado em 464 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa “Expectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de fortaleza: implicações da implantação do Sistema de Cotas no Ceará” (2014-2015). O material registrado no grupo focal foi interpretado com base na Análise do Discurso de orientação bakhtiniana, teoria proveniente da linguística, e na Teoria Histórico Cultural que partem do pressuposto da linguagem como um processo dialógico e produtor da subjetividade humana. Valorizou-se a compreensão dos significados e sentidos construídos pelos sujeitos em relação ao seu futuro educacional diante da implantação do sistema de cotas, bem como em relação às questões referentes à identidade étnica. Partiu-se, então, da hipótese de que novos significados são produzidos por esses estudantes acerca do ingresso no ensino superior, na medida em que conhecem oportunidades surgidas com a política de ações afirmativas voltadas para a ampliação do ingresso de estudantes negros no ensino superior. Com o Grupo Focal, concluímos que os alunos não demonstraram possuir um conhecimento significativamente diferenciado acerca do Sistema de Cotas, entendendo, de forma superficial como funciona e as mudanças que pode trazer para seus ingressos no ensino superior, mas não se empoderando como protagonistas destes direitos, nem compreendendo de forma mais aprofundada os motivos de implementação do sistema. Assim, os significados e sentidos produzidos pelos alunos em relação às mudanças relacionadas ao ingresso no Ensino Superior se assemelham aos do senso comum, isto é, não estão baseados nos fundamentos que norteiam a elaboração da política de cotas, o que os levam a um posicionamento favorável às cotas sociais e a uma rejeição às cotas raciais, por acreditarem promover o acirramento do preconceito, dissociando a questão étnico-racial dos fatores históricos, econômicos e sociais. Vemos, a partir dos resultados, a necessidade de se pensar em formas de divulgação e debate sobre as cotas para os alunos de Ensino Médio, para que os mesmos compreendam o significado histórico e político de sua implementação e possam se empoderar de seus direitos

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Martínez, von Dossow Carlos. "Modélisation, analyse et contrôle de la croissance microalgale en cultures à haute densité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS255.pdf.

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Les microalgues sont des microorganismes photosynthétiques avec un grand potentiel industriel. Néanmoins, contrôler les conditions optimales de cultures algales à grande échelle reste un défi difficile. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ces systèmes à l'aide de modèles mathématiques basés sur des équations différentielles. Ces modèles décrivent la croissance microalgale dans des cultures à haute densité en fonction de différents facteurs comme la disponibilité en lumière et en nutriments. Dans une première partie, on étudie l'impact de la photoinhibition et de la turbidité du milieu sur la croissance microalgale limitée par la lumière. Ensuite, le comportement à long terme d'une population microalgale colimitée par un nutriment et la lumière est analysé. Des conditions pour éviter l'extinction de la population sont identifiées. En particulier, on montre que le fonctionnement en continu, avec entrées périodiques (concentrations dans l'alimentation et taux de dilution périodiques) sous variations périodiques de l'environnement (source de lumière et température), conduit la population à un état périodique. Dans une troisième partie, une stratégie est proposée pour maximiser la productivité microalgale en extérieur, en contrôlant l'ombrage. Par la suite, dans le contexte du traitement des eaux usées, on détermine numériquement la profondeur optimale pour une culture limitée par la lumière et par un substrat (à dépolluer). Dans une dernière partie, un modèle est proposé et validé pour rendre compte de la limitation par la lumière, l'azote et le phosphore, tout en incluant la dynamique de photoacclimatation
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with a high biotechnological potential. They have many industrial applications, including biofuel and wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, controlling optimal growth conditions for full-scale outdoor cultivation of microalgae is challenging. Mathematical models based on differential equations are of great help to better manage these nonlinear and dynamical systems. The aim of this thesis is to better understand how different factors such as the availability of light and nutrients affect microalgae growth in high density cultures. In a first part, we study the impacts of photo-inhibition and medium turbidity when microalgae growth is only limited by light. Then, we analyse the long-term behaviour of a microalgae population accounting both for nutrient and light limitations. We determine the conditions to avoid population extinction. In particular, we show that continuous periodic culture operation (periodic dilution rate and nutrient supply) under periodic fluctuations of environmental conditions (such as the light source or temperature) leads to a periodic behavior. In a third part, we show how to maximize microalgae productivity. We determine a strategy for shading outdoor cultures to protect microalgae from excess light. We also find the optimal incident light for photobioreactors operated at steady state. In the context of wastewater treatment, we determine numerically the optimal depth of a culture limited by light and nutrient. Finally, the last part of this work proposes and validates a mathematical model accounting for light, nitrogen, and phosphorus limitations, including photoacclimation dynamics

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Gericke, Gun. "Beurteilung von vorherrschender Meinungsmacht privater Fernsehunternehmen nach dem Rundfunkstaatsvertrag." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964721589.

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22

Santos, Marizângela Melo dos. "Implantação de políticas públicas de ações afirmativas no contexto da UFAL: estudo de caso de 2005 a 2006." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1574.

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Education changes through time according to the socioeconomic and political context in relation to the society in which it therefore applies variable. The concept of education is a goal to achieve and Brazil has been making major investments in the area to raise their level of basic and higher education, however, still insufficient to show a real increase in international education development index. With so many differences Brazil has been investing in public policies, as a means of providing to reduce inequality, whether social, racial and gender order, giving the needy a new perspective on life. The public policy of affirmative action for admission to higher education are fair and necessary, represent part of the government's investment and at the same time raise a big difference in the quality and lack of elementary and secondary education of needy social layer in relation to the wealthy. Thus this dissertation shows how the implementation of quotas in the Federal University occurred, analyzing how this deployment is providing access to the upper level. Evidently the quota system is positive about many aspects both for the institution, and for the teachers and students.
A Educação muda através do tempo de acordo com o contexto socioeconômico e político em relação à sociedade em que se aplica, portanto, variável. O conceito de Educação representa um objetivo a se alcançar e o Brasil, vem fazendo grandes investimentos na área para elevar seu nível de educação de base e superior, porém, ainda insuficientes para evidenciar um aumento real dos índices internacionais de desenvolvimento da educação. Com tantas diferenças o Brasil vem apostando nas políticas públicas, como meio de proporcionar a diminuição das desigualdades, seja de ordem social, racial e gênero, propiciando a população necessitada uma nova perspectiva de vida. A política pública das ações afirmativas de acesso ao ensino superior são justas e necessárias, representam parte dos investimentos do governo e ao mesmo tempo suscitam a grande diferença da qualidade e carência do ensino fundamental e médio da camada social carente em relação à abastada. Dessa forma a presente dissertação mostra como ocorreu a implantação das cotas na Universidade Federal, analisando como essa implantação está proporcionando o acesso ao nível superior. Evidentemente que o sistema de cotas é positivo sobre diversos aspectos tanto para a Instituição, quanto para o corpo docente e discente.

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Oliveira, Antonia Soares Silveira e. "Alunos com deficiência no ensino superior: subsídios para a política de inclusão da UNIMONTES." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2876.

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This study starts from our professional concerns in all segments of Basic Education and Higher Education in both Public and Private Institutions. Questions have arisen over the implementation of Inclusive Education, the Quota System and Educational Policy at the State University of Montes Claros - UNIMONTES. To ensure the admission, access and permanence of students with disabilities in higher education go far beyond suitable physical facilities. To establish a policy of inclusion in the University in relation to the disabled is necessary. We cannot deny the social role of UNIMONTES in the North of the State of Minas Gerais and its commitment to provide a more fair and democratic educational process for the production of knowledge and application of inclusion policies that meet the diversity, contributing to social inclusion and human development. In this sense, this research fits into this scenario, whose main axis was to investigate the admission, access and permanence of students with disabilities at the State University of Montes Claros - UNIMONTES admitted through the quota System and also to develop a diagnosis of inclusion policy of this university. In order to identify the study subjects, to examine the documents of COTEC, General Secretary and the Coordination of 27 graduate courses at the institution, within their respective campus Learning Centers based in the city of Montes Claros, was necessary. This analysis revealed then the subjects, who were students who had been admitted by the quota system in Category C (disabled), enrolled in undergraduate courses of this institution in the period of 2005 to 2009. This study was based on the principles of inclusion, that everybody has the right to education, regardless of the difficulties and differences. The research was conducted with the quantitative and descriptive methodology and the data collection instrument were official documents of the institution. The final considerations indicate the need to increase the limited mapping studies of students with disabilities in order to locate them and offer them decent conditions of permanence in the institution, along with institutional actions that will meet their expectations to ensure education for all.
Este estudo parte de nossas inquietações como profissional atuante em todos os segmentos da Educação Básica e Superior na Instituição Pública e Privada. Abrem- se interrogações quanto à implantação da Educação Inclusiva, o Sistema de Cotas e a Política Educacional da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros UNIMONTES. Garantir o ingresso, acesso e permanência de acadêmicos com deficiência no Ensino Superior vai muito além de adequar as instalações físicas. É necessário que se estabeleça uma política de inclusão na Universidade em relação ao deficiente. É inegável o papel social da UNIMONTES no norte de Minas e seu compromisso de proporcionar um processo educacional mais justo e democrático para a produção de conhecimentos e efetivação de políticas de inclusão, que venham atender a diversidade. Nesse sentido insere-se esta pesquisa, cujo eixo foi a investigação do ingresso, acesso e permanência de alunos com deficiência na Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros UNIMONTES inscritos pelo Sistema de Cotas e traçar um diagnóstico da política de inclusão dessa universidade. Para identificar os sujeitos pesquisados, foi necessário, analisar os documentos da COTEC, Secretaria Geral e da Coordenação dos 27 cursos de graduação da instituição, dentro de seus respectivos Centros de Ensino do campus - sede na cidade de Montes Claros. Desta análise surgiram, então, os sujeitos da pesquisa, que foram os alunos que tiveram o ingresso pelo Sistema de Cotas na Categoria C (deficientes), matriculados nos cursos de graduação desta instituição no período de 2005 a 2009. Embasou-se este estudo nos princípios da inclusão de que todos têm direito à educação, independente das dificuldades e das diferenças. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a metodologia quantitativa, descritiva e, como instrumento de coleta de dados, foram utilizados documentos oficiais da instituição. As considerações finais indicam a necessidade de incrementar os escassos estudos de mapeamento desses acadêmicos com deficiência, no sentido de localizá-los e poder oferecer-lhes condições dignas de permanência na instituição, juntamente com ações institucionais que venham ao encontro de suas expectativas, de forma a garantir uma educação para todos.

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Melo, JanaÃna Farias de. "Significado do sistema de cotas para o ingresso no ensino superior para estudantes negros de escolas pÃblicas de Fortaleza." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=17113.

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Essa dissertaÃÃo possui por objetivo analisar, o significado da PolÃtica de AÃÃes Afirmativas â Sistema de Cotas para adolescentes e jovens de ensino mÃdio de Escolas PÃblicas de Fortaleza, que se autodeclaram como negros, a partir das mudanÃas no processo de acesso Ã universidade pÃblica. A metodologia Ã de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de Grupo Focal com estudantes de uma das escolas em que os alunos demonstraram maior conhecimento acerca das PolÃticas de AÃÃes Afirmativas, a partir da anÃlise das respostas de um questionÃrio, aplicado em 464 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa âExpectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino MÃdio de escolas pÃblicas de fortaleza: implicaÃÃes da implantaÃÃo do Sistema de Cotas no CearÃâ (2014-2015). O material registrado no grupo focal foi interpretado com base na AnÃlise do Discurso de orientaÃÃo bakhtiniana, teoria proveniente da linguÃstica, e na Teoria HistÃrico Cultural que partem do pressuposto da linguagem como um processo dialÃgico e produtor da subjetividade humana. Valorizou-se a compreensÃo dos significados e sentidos construÃdos pelos sujeitos em relaÃÃo ao seu futuro educacional diante da implantaÃÃo do sistema de cotas, bem como em relaÃÃo Ãs questÃes referentes Ã identidade Ãtnica. Partiu-se, entÃo, da hipÃtese de que novos significados sÃo produzidos por esses estudantes acerca do ingresso no ensino superior, na medida em que conhecem oportunidades surgidas com a polÃtica de aÃÃes afirmativas voltadas para a ampliaÃÃo do ingresso de estudantes negros no ensino superior. Com o Grupo Focal, concluÃmos que os alunos nÃo demonstraram possuir um conhecimento significativamente diferenciado acerca do Sistema de Cotas, entendendo, de forma superficial como funciona e as mudanÃas que pode trazer para seus ingressos no ensino superior, mas nÃo se empoderando como protagonistas destes direitos, nem compreendendo de forma mais aprofundada os motivos de implementaÃÃo do sistema. Assim, os significados e sentidos produzidos pelos alunos em relaÃÃo Ãs mudanÃas relacionadas ao ingresso no Ensino Superior se assemelham aos do senso comum, isto Ã, nÃo estÃo baseados nos fundamentos que norteiam a elaboraÃÃo da polÃtica de cotas, o que os levam a um posicionamento favorÃvel Ãs cotas sociais e a uma rejeiÃÃo Ãs cotas raciais, por acreditarem promover o acirramento do preconceito, dissociando a questÃo Ãtnico-racial dos fatores histÃricos, econÃmicos e sociais. Vemos, a partir dos resultados, a necessidade de se pensar em formas de divulgaÃÃo e debate sobre as cotas para os alunos de Ensino MÃdio, para que os mesmos compreendam o significado histÃrico e polÃtico de sua implementaÃÃo e possam se empoderar de seus direitos
This dissertation has as objective to analyze the meaning of Affirmative Action Policity â Quota System for adolescents and young people from public schools in Fortaleza, who declared themselves as African descendants, from the changes in access to public university process. The methodology is qualitative approach, using Focus Group with students from a school in which the students have shown greater knowledge about the Affirmative Action Policity, based on the analysis of responses to a questionnaire, applied on 464 students which participated the survey âExpectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino MÃdio de escolas pÃblicas de fortaleza: implicaÃÃes da implantaÃÃo do Sistema de Cotas no CearÃâ (2014-2015). The material registered in the focus group had been interpreted based on the analysis of Bakhtinâs Speech coming from the linguistic theory and the Cultural History that is based on the assumption of language as a dialogical process and producer of human subjectivity. The understanding of the meanings and the sense constructed by subjects in relation to their educational future against of the deployment of the quota system, as well as the regards issues related to ethnic identity had been valorized. Was departed, then the assumption that new meanings was produced by theses students about access to higher education as they know the opportunities arising from the affirmative actionâs policy for expanding the admission of black students in higher education. With the Focus Group, we conclude that students demonstrated do not have a meaningfully differentiated knowledge of the Quota System, understanding superficially how it works and the changes it can bring to your entrances in higher education, but not empowering as protagonists of these rights or understanding more deeply of the system implementation reasons. Thus, the significance and the meanings produced by the students regarding the changes related to entrance to the higher education resemble those of common sense, i.e. they are not based on fundamentals that guide the elaboration of the quota policy, which take them to a favorable position to the social quotas and to a rejection of racial quotas, because they believe that the racial one will promote the intensification of prejudice, dissociating the ethnic-racial issue of historical, economic and social factor. We see based on the results the necessity of thinking ways of dissemination and discussion of quotas for students in high school, order to give them the understanding of the historical and political significance of its implementation and they can empower the rights, not moving away from a policy that is being done to the students themselves.

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25

Mello, Marcus Rômulo Maia de. "Cotas sociorraciais em universidades." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1250.

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The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the socio-racial quota system in universities. This is not to study the legal, social or legal effectiveness of its rules, which comes to be, respectively, the ability to produce legal effects, the actual legal effects themselves and the fulfillment of its precepts by society. It aims to study the effectiveness of the quota system from the goals it intends to achieve. We want to understand if the model adopted is able to achieve its social purpose. The affirmative action programs are policies to combat discrimination, the reduction of inequality and social inclusion of minorities. The socio-racial quotas are effective if at the end they are able to turn into reality what they envision. The beneficiaries of these quotas are low-income people, especially black students. Its immediate purpose is their access to services and opportunities of which they have been historically excluded. The mediate purpose is to give economic and social ascension to racial minorities, integrating them to the state of well-being and allowing its representatives to occupy social positions to which they had always been subordinate before. If this system achieves these primary purposes, it will be possible to say that affirmative action policy was effective. It's still early for this assertion, but it is possible to evaluate their suitability through the hypothetical-deductive method, checking if the formula adopted allows it to be effective in the future or if it is destined to failure. For that, after exposing the origin and evolution of the affirmative actions, their minorities, the normative political theories that support them and the design that inspired the Brazilian model, we proceeded to study the relevant law, the legal rules that formed the program as well as the collection of information contained in the copious literature on the subject, published in statistics and iterative court decisions on the matter, including the decision of the Supreme Court that held the quota system as constitutional. At the end, worrying misconceptions, such as percentage of quotas established in excessively high standards were observed; also adoption of model that keeps people separated by race categories; election of the controversial method of straight statement where the individual is confronted by a committee to confirm their breed standard; a methodology that honors the graduating students of public education and has harmed scholarship students and underperforming students from private schools. The socio-racial quotas in universities are an exclusionary system, which discredits the low-income population who did not study high school in public schools. The affirmative action policies practiced in universities are not able to achieve the noble goals that shape it, in that the most coveted spaces will remain unattainable for the vast majority of their clientele and will be occupied by a small elite segment of education audience that is not necessarily the recipient of the program.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a eficácia do sistema de cotas sociorraciais nas universidades. Não se trata de estudar a eficácia legal, jurídica ou social das suas normas, que vem a ser, respectivamente, a aptidão para produzir efeitos jurídicos, os efeitos jurídicos propriamente ditos e o cumprimento dos seus preceitos pela sociedade. Cuida-se de estudar a efetividade do sistema de cotas a partir das metas que ele intenta alcançar. Quer-se compreender se o modelo adotado é apto a atingir sua finalidade social. Os programas de ação afirmativa são políticas públicas voltadas ao combate à discriminação, à diminuição da desigualdade e à inclusão social de minorias. As cotas sociorraciais serão eficazes se alfim tiverem transformando em realidade aquilo que almejaram. Os beneficiários dessas cotas são as pessoas de baixa renda, especialmente os estudantes negros. Sua finalidade imediata é o acesso dessas pessoas a serviços e oportunidades dos quais elas foram historicamente excluídas. A finalidade mediata é conferir às minorias raciais ascensão econômica e social, integrando-as ao estado de bemestar e permitindo que seus representantes ocupem posições sociais as quais sempre estiveram subordinados antes. Se atingir essas finalidades primaciais, poder-se-á dizer que a política de ação afirmativa foi eficaz. Ainda é cedo para tal afirmação, mas é possível avaliar sua idoneidade pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, aferindo se a fórmula adotada permite que ela seja eficaz no futuro ou se está destinada ao malogro. Para tanto, após uma exposição da origem e evolução das ações afirmativas, das suas minorias, das teorias políticas normativas que lhe dão suporte e da concepção que inspirou o modelo brasileiro, procedeu-se ao estudo da legislação pertinente, das normas jurídicas que formataram o programa, bem como ao levantamento de informações contidas em copiosa doutrina sobre o tema, em estatísticas publicadas e em iterativas jurisprudências dos tribunais sobre a matéria, inclusive da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que considerou o sistema de cotas constitucional. Ao final, foram constatados equívocos preocupantes, tais como percentuais de cotas estabelecidos em padrões excessivamente altos; adoção de modelo que mantém as pessoas separadas por categorias raciais; eleição do método controverso da heterodeclaração, em que o indivíduo é confrontado por um comitê encarregado de confirmar o seu padrão racial; metodologia que prestigia os alunos egressos do ensino público e tem prejudicado estudantes bolsistas e alunos de escolas privadas de baixo desempenho. As cotas sociorraciais nas universidades são um sistema excludente, que desprestigia a população de baixa renda que não estudou o ensino médio em escola pública. As políticas de ação afirmativa praticadas nas universidades não são aptas a alcançar as finalidades nobres que a enformam, na medida em que os espaços mais cobiçados continuarão a ser inalcançáveis para a grande maioria de sua clientela e serão ocupados por um pequeno segmento de elite do ensino público que não é necessariamente o destinatário do programa.

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Dahlerup, Drude Freidenvall Anita. "Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe /." Brussels : European Parliament, 2008. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/download.do?file=22091.

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27

Adiguzel, Ozge. "Institutional And Attitudinal Determinants Of Women&#039." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605561/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the process of women&rsquo
s legislative recruitment in Turkey by focusing on the interaction among the certain features of the Turkish political system including the attitudes of the party elite toward the enhancement of women&rsquo
s political representation. It has been demonstrated in earlier studies that one of the reasons behind women&rsquo
s low level of parliamentary representation in Turkey is the fact that the selectors in the political parties fail to support women candidates adequately in the elections. Related to that, women&rsquo
s legislative recruitment is also likely to be impeded by the unsupportive nature of the main dynamics of political system such as political culture, party system and the v electoral system. Considering the fact that these institutional and attitudinal factors are highly inter-related with each other, the insufficient number of women candidates nominated by the major social democratic party, the Republican People&rsquo
s Party in the 1990s, including the latest national elections on November 3rd, 2002 calls for an analysis of not only the attitudes of the RPP selectors toward positive discrimination mechanisms such as the quotas for women but also of the relevant party institutional factors rooted in the Turkish political system. The study contends that the RPP&rsquo
s women-friendly party culture and selectors&rsquo
positive perspectives towards women&rsquo
s political integration are not sufficient factors for the promotion of women&rsquo
s legislative recruitment within the party. The weakness of the intra-party democracy in the RPP which is particularly the result of the oligarchic structure and the problems with institutionalization significantly impede women&rsquo
s legislative recruitment within the party. The study has found that the low level of women&rsquo
s legislative recruitment in the RPP is a consequence of the interaction between the institutional and attitudinal factors within the RPP which perpetuates patriarchal elite oligarchy in the nomination process. The documented gap between the RPP&rsquo
s party rhetoric and practice in this study is found as the reflection of the party&rsquo
s problems in internalizing social democratic values.

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28

Henze, Carsten. "Bedeutung der Milchleistungsmerkmale bei Wegfall der Milchquotenregelung in der Europäischen Union." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16347.

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Die Milchgarantiemengenregelung der EU hat nur noch eine vorgesehene Laufzeit bis 2008, welche Regelungen danach gelten werden, ist noch unklar. Um für die Zuchtplanung bei Milchrindern die ökonomisch-genetische Gewichtung der Milchleistungsmerkmale bei zukünftigen wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen zu erhalten, wurde ein Selektionsindexes erstellt. Als Datenmaterial dienten die Ergebnisse der Milchleistungsprüfungen der Kühe des Rinderzuchtverbandes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Hieraus wurden die genetischen Parameter für die Milchleistungsmerkmale Fettmenge, Eiweißmenge, Fettgehalt und Eiweißgehalt sowie für die Verzögerungszeit mit den Computerprogrammen SAS, PEST und VCE4 geschätzt. Diese Merkmale wurden dann in Selektionsindices aufgenommen, welche die derzeitige genetische Struktur der Rinderpopulation in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und die zukünftig zu erwartenden politischen Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigen. Zur Aufstellung der Selektionsindices wurden mehrere Varianten einer Liberalisierung des EU-Milchmarktes mit Hilfe des SWOPSIM-Marktmodels simuliert und für die Milchinhaltsstoffe Milchfett und Milcheiweiß die Marktpreise geschätzt. Das Preisniveau wird nach diesen Schätzungen nach einer Marktliberalisierung für Rohmilch bei ca. 0,22-0,25 €/kg liegen, für Milchfett bei ca. 2,05-2,25 €/kg und für Milcheiweiß bei ca.3,89-4,45 €/kg.
The Milk-Quota-System of the European Union will probably end in 2008. It is not clear which arrangement will prevail afterwards. A selection index was built to get the economic-genetic weights of different traits for the breeding-planning of dairy-cattle for future conditions. The data was taken from the milk-yield-testings of the cattle breeding organisation of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. From these data the genetic parameters for fat yield, protein yield, fat content, protein content and the time from the first to the successfully insemination was estimated with the computer programs SAS, PEST and VCE4. With these traits a selection index was built which contains the actual genetic structure of the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern cattle population and the future economic and political conditions. To get the future economic parameters, different variants of liberalization of the European milk market had been simulated with the SWOPSIM-framework. Market prices for milk fat and milk protein have been estimated. After a liberalization in the EU the price level will be 0,22-0,25 €/kg for raw milk, 2,05-2,25 €/kg for milk fat and 3,89-4,45 €/kg for milk protein.

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Bueno, Rita de Cássia Soares de Souza. "Políticas públicas na educação superior : as ações de permanência para estudantes cotistas no programa de ações afirmativas da UFRGS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134695.

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O principal objetivo deste estudo é incentivar a pesquisa e o debate acerca do tema: ações de permanência – no programa de ações afirmativas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, que foi instituído através da Decisão Nº 134/2007 e da Decisão Nº 268/2012 do Conselho Universitário. A investigação surge a partir de um dos objetivos constante das supras decisões, que propõe: desenvolver ações visando a apoiar a permanência dos estudantes cotistas. A partir da discussão sobre a institucionalização das ações para apoiar a permanência, intenciona compreender como e se, este objetivo, em seu processo de implementação, está permeado pelos referenciais de inclusão social e justiça social; partindo do pressuposto de que tais políticas, de alguma forma, são mediadas pelo sentido desses preceitos. Introduz a materialidade do objeto, procurando trabalhar o tema em suas inter-relações, contextualizando a situação nacional e local no que tange os textos políticos-normativos, verificando o tratamento que é dado ao assunto nas formas da lei, resoluções, portarias, decretos e decisões. Para pensar sobre as práticas institucionais, relaciona alguns referenciais teórico-metodológicos multidimensionais que tratam sobre inclusão social (Bourdieu 1996, 1998 e 2011) e justiça social (Fraser, 2001, 2006, 2007 e 2010), trazendo princípios que exigem reflexões em uma sociedade tão desigual como a brasileira Essa abordagem é necessária para que, de fato, possa-se falar em direito à educação no âmbito da igualdade de condições na oferta educacional das políticas de permanência para os acadêmicos cotistas, refletindo sobre as desigualdades que são constantes no processo de inclusão, antes do acesso, acompanhando-os no ingresso, na permanência e na realização dos seus estudos dentro da universidade. Dentre os dados de pesquisa, traz análises qualitativas e quantitativas dos relatórios institucionais que avaliam o programa de ações afirmativas da UFRGS, que foram apresentados em 2012 e 2014. Ainda, traz entrevistas realizadas com os atores/gestores da macroestrutura institucional envolvidos, diretamente, com a formulação, implantação e avaliação das ações de permanência no âmbito do programa de ações afirmativas da UFRGS. As análises dos dados institucionais indicam que a UFRGS necessita enfrentar desafios significativos na implementação das ações de permanência para os acadêmicos cotistas, principalmente na dimensão transformativa, para propor mudanças estruturais na instituição. No contexto das práticas, ao relacionar os resultados de pesquisa com os referenciais teórico-analíticos, percebe-se que as ações de permanências apontam para um modelo unidimensional. Contudo, encaminham-se para um modelo bidimensional, que incorpore tanto as questões compensatórias, quanto as transformativas. Entretanto, apresentam-se fragilizadas na perspectiva de um modelo multidimensional, que envolva tanto as ações compensatórias e transformativas, quanto a participação democrática na construção das políticas.
The main purpose of this study is to foment the search and debate over the subject of permanence actions in the framework of the Affirmative Actions Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), which was established through the University Council Decisions n° 134/2007 and n° 268/2012. The inquiry arises from one of the objectives included in the Decisions, namely: developing actions aiming to support the permanence of the quota students. Building on the discussion about the institutionalization of actions that support the permanence of students, the present study aims to understand if it is in fact the case and how this objective, in the process of its implementation, is permeated by the frameworks of social inclusion and social justice; upon the assumption that such policies are somehow brokered by the meaning of these precepts. The study introduces the materiality of the object, aiming at dealing with the topic in its inter-relations, by means of contextualizing the current national and local state of affairs regarding the political and regulatory texts, investigating the handling of the subject in the forms of laws, resolutions, ordinances, decrees and decisions. In order to reflect upon the institutional practices, the present study makes use of some theoretical-methodological multidimensional frameworks which deal with social inclusion (Bourdieu 1996, 1998 and 2011) and social justice (Fraser 2001, 2006, 2007 and 2010), bringing about principles that call for consideration in a society that is so unequal This approach is necessary in order to be able to speak in a concrete way about the right of education in the context of conditions equality in permanence policies for the quota students, pondering about the inequalities that persist in the inclusion process, even before admission, during the stay and the completion of their studies at the university. This study incorporates qualitative and quantitative analyses of institutional reports on the Affirmative Actions Program at the UFRGS in the years 2012 and 2014. In addition, it contains interviews with actors/managers from the institutional macrostructure directly involved in the formulation, deployment and assessment of the permanence actions in the framework of the Affirmative Actions Program at UFRGS. Analyses of institutional results indicate that the UFRGS need to face significant challenges in implementing the permanence actions to the quota students, especially in the transformative dimension to propose structural changes in the institution. In the context of practice in linking the search results with the theoretical and analytical frameworks, it is clear that stays of actions point to a one-dimensional model. However, heads for a two-dimensional model, which incorporates both compensatory issues as transformative. However, they present themselves vulnerable in view of a multidimensional model, involving both compensatory and transformative actions, as democratic participation in the construction of policies.
El objetivo de este estudio es fomentar la investigación y el debate sobre el tema: las acciones de permanencia - en el programa de acción afirmativa de la Universidad Federal de Río Grande do Sur, que fue establecido por la Decisión Nº 134/2007 y la Decisión Nº 268 / 2012 del Consejo Universitario. La investigación surge de uno de los objetivos constantes de las supra decisiones, que propone: desarrollar acciones de apoyo a la permanencia de los estudiantes de cuotas. A partir de la discusión de la institucionalización de las acciones de apoyo a la permanencia, tiene la intención de comprender cómo y si este objetivo en su proceso de aplicación, está impregnado por las referencias de inclusión social y de justicia social; suponiendo que tales políticas, de alguna manera, están mediadas por el significado de estos preceptos. Introduce la materialidad del objeto, buscando trabajar el tema en sus interrelaciones, contextualizando la situación nacional y local en materia de sus textos políticos normativos, examinando el tratamiento que se le da al tema en forma de ley, resoluciones, ordenanzas, decretos y decisiones. Para reflexionar sobre las prácticas institucionales, cerca algunas referencias teórico-metodológicas multidimensionales que tienen que ver con la inclusión social (Bourdieu 1996, 1998 y 2011) y la justicia social (Fraser, 2001, 2006, 2007 y 2010), trayendo principios que requieren reflexiones en una sociedad tan desigual como la brasileña. Este enfoque es necesario para que, de hecho, se puede hablar del derecho a la educación y en igualdad de condiciones en la oferta educativa de las políticas de permanencia para los estudiantes de cuotas, reflexionando sobre las desigualdades que son constantes en el proceso de inclusión antes de la acceso, acompañándoles en la permanencia y en la realización de sus estudios en la universidad Entre los resultados de la investigación, trae un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los informes institucionales que evalúan el programa de acción afirmativa de la UFRGS, que se presentaron en 2012 y 2014. También, trae entrevistas con actores involucrados en la macro estructura institucional, directamente, con la formulación, implementación y evaluación de las acciones de permanencia en el programa de acción afirmativa de la UFRGS. Los análisis de los datos institucionales muestran que la UFRGS necesita enfrentar importantes desafíos en la implementación de las acciones de permanencia para los académicos de cuotas, sobre todo en la dimensión transformativa, para proponer cambios estructurales en la institución. En el contexto de la práctica, al vincular los resultados de investigaciones con los marcos teóricos y analíticos, fue posible percibir que las acciones de permanencia apuntan para un modelo unidimensional. Sin embargo, direccionan-se para un modelo de dos dimensiones, que incorpora ambas cuestiones: compensatorias y transformativas. No obstante, se presentan vulnerables a la perspectiva de un modelo multidimensional, que involucra acciones tanto compensatorias y transformativas, cuanto de participación democrática en la construcción de las políticas.

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Ay, Gokce Mehmet. "&quot." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605283/index.pdf.

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This thesis focuses on the design of an electrical drive system for the purpose of high precision motion control. A modern electrical drive is usually equipped with a current regulated voltage source along with powerful motion controller system utilizing one or more micro-controllers and/or digital signal processors (DSPs). That is, the motor drive control is mostly performed by a dedicated digital-motion controller system. Such a motor drive mostly interfaces with its host processor via various serial communication protocols such as Profibus, CAN+, RS-485 etc. for the purpose of receiving commands and sending out important status/control signals. Considering that the motor drives lie at the heart of every (multi-axis) motion control system, the aim of this thesis is to explore the design and implementation of a conventional DC motor drive system suitable for most industrial applications that require precision and accuracy. To achieve this goal, various underlying control concepts and important implementation details are rigorously investigated in this study. A low power DC motor drive system with a power module, a current regulator and a motion controller is built and tested. Several design revisions on these subsystems are made so as to improve the overall performance of the drive system itself. Consequently, important &ldquo
know-how&rdquo
required for building high performance (and high power) DC motor drives is gained in this research.

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Sandholm, Thomas. "Managing Service Levels in Grid Computing Systems : Quota Policy and Computational Market Approaches." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4346.

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We study techniques to enforce and provision differentiated service levels in Computational Grid systems. The Grid offers simplified provisioning of peak-capacity for applications with computational requirements beyond local machines and clusters, by sharing resources across organizational boundaries. Current systems have focussed on access control, i.e., managing who is allowed to run applications on remote sites. Very little work has been done on providing differentiated service levels for those applications that are admitted. This leads to a number of problems when scheduling jobs in a fair and efficient way. For example, users with a large number of long-running jobs could starve out others, both intentionally and non-intentionally. We investigate the requirements of High Performance Computing (HPC) applications that run in academic Grid systems, and propose two models of service-level management. Our first model is based on global real-time quota enforcement, where projects are granted resource quota, such as CPU hours, across the Grid by a centralized allocation authority. We implement the SweGrid Accounting System to enforce quota allocated by the Swedish National Allocations Committee in the SweGrid production Grid, which connects six Swedish HPC centers. A flexible authorization policy framework allows provisioning and enforcement of two different service levels across the SweGrid clusters; high-priority and low-priority jobs. As a solution to more fine-grained control over service levels we propose and implement a Grid Market system, using a market-based resource allocator called Tycoon. The conclusion of our research is that although the Grid accounting solution offers better service level enforcement support than state-of-the-art production Grid systems, it turned out to be complex to set the resource price and other policies manually, while ensuring fairness and efficiency of the system. Our Grid Market on the other hand sets the price according to the dynamic demand, and it is further incentive compatible, in that the overall system state remains healthy even in the presence of strategic users.

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Frazier, Merav. "Gender, Quota Laws, and the Struggles of Women’s Social Movements in Latin America." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/252.

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Assuming gender neutrality in comparative analysis, i.e. not including either explicit or implicit references to a particular gender or sex, runs the risk of camouflaging the unequal distribution of political power, economic influence, and political access for men and women. Unfortunately, in assuming such neutrality, one is blinded to the inherent flaws of political systems, the inequalities they create, and their lack of consideration of gender and women's rights. To counteract this inequality between the sexes, women's social movements are fighting to create gender awareness and establish formal policies that place them at the same level as their male counterparts, and feminist ideals are slowly becoming more prominent. As in other regions, in Latin America, quota laws have been established as affirmative action-type mechanisms that are meant to create a balance in view of the inequalities women face in ascending to political office. My study focuses on whether or not quota laws have increased women's presence in Latin American political legislatures and if they have met the intended objectives by the women's social movements that advocated for them. My results indicate that quota laws have not worked in every Latin American country to dramatically increase women's presence in politics. The literature also suggests that quota laws have not entirely been able to produce the desired outcomes as proposed by women's social movements in the region. I also address the question of what has made quota laws successful in some countries, yet not in others. My research indicates that the effectiveness of quota laws depends on how they are drafted and implemented, that is if institutions have effectively been altered and if the government is taking specific measures to ensure that the law is being enforced. Since women have not been able to rely on the good faith of the political parties to determine their entry to positions of public authority, traditional procedures for candidate selection have been in need of alteration. I conclude that if quota laws are not customized to a country's electoral system and applied meticulously by political parties, they will hardly produce any results for women.

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Yuan, Kai-Jung. "Gender Quotas and Electoral Systems : A case study of Taiwan." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534925.

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Ali, Ashique. "Human resource management practices and national culture : empirical evidence from Pakistan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5323.

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Marcelino, Mariana Proença Azevedo. "Impacto do sistema de quotas no comprometimento e satisfação dos colaboradores : análise do setor hoteleiro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19272.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
A igualdade de géneros e de oportunidades são temas marcantes e cada vez mais debatidos no mundo em que hoje vivemos. Nas organizações, a Gestão de Recursos Humanos deve estar atenta a estes temas e adaptar os seus processos à realidade que se vive, nomeadamente em relação às leis emergentes nos países que tentam combater os problemas de desigualdade. A Lei de Quotas aparece precisamente para combatê-los e arranjar uma solução que pode levar as organizações a um patamar mais equitativo e motivador na inclusão da diferença. Apesar disto, ainda não existem estudos que comprovem os possíveis impactos desta lei nos colaboradores, ao nível da sua perceção de justiça geral, comprometimento organizacional e satisfação com o trabalho. O presente estudo pretende analisar as variáveis supra indicadas e tenta demonstrar como é percecionada a Lei de Quotas no setor da Hotelaria em Portugal, após análise de diversos estudos que observaram os problemas oriundos de leis similares, nos restantes países da Europa.
Gender equality and equal opportunities are striking and increasingly debated topics in the world we live in today. In organizations, Human Resource Management must be aware of these issues and adapt their processes to the current reality, particularly in relation to emerging laws in countries that try to fight inequality problems. The Quota Law appears precisely to tackle these problems and to find a solution that can lead organizations to a higher standard, more equitable and motivating in the inclusion of difference. Despite this, there are no studies that prove the potential impacts of this law on employees in terms of the overall justice perception, engagement and job satisfaction. The present study analyses the variables stated above and tries to demonstrate how the Quota Law is perceived in the hospitality sector in Portugal, after analysing several studies that observed the problems arising from similar laws in other European countries.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Grams, Michael. "Analyse der EU-Milchmarktpolitik bei Unsicherheit." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97252942X.

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Quilis, Rita de Cássia Zangerolamo. "Igualdade e discriminação e o direito fundamental à educação: o acesso ao ensino superior e o sistema de cotas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8679.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This present work was done to ascertain concepts, chains and doctrines concerning the Principle of Equality and Discrimination; having the fundamental right to educations main capacity turned to Superior Education and the System of Quotas. Analyzing the Principle of Equality and Discrimination in all Brazilian Constitution, from the Empire until the actual valid Federative; accepting the starting point of doctrines and the home land legislations, always, the equality in the presence of the law. Inside the Fundamental Right of Education, an historical analyzes of past Constitutions. We present the pros and cons of the program that inserts the system of quotas on the, public and private universities, further analyzing the temporary measures, the actual laws and the jurisprudences. We defend the acceptance on an university thru a meritocratic system, thru the governmental politics of elementary and middle schools of public education, that would prepare an individual since childhood, so one have the intellectual condition to dispute a place in a public or private university, in equality and condition of the candidate that had attended a private elementary and middle schools. At last, we have to improve our public elementary and middle schools, so that the students will get to a superior education, thru their own merits, without depending on palliatives or discriminatory measures
O presente trabalho visa averiguar conceitos, correntes e doutrinas acerca do princípio da igualdade e a discriminação; tendo o direito fundamental à educação como aporte principal voltado para o ensino superior e ao sistema de cotas. Analisamos o princípio da igualdade e a discriminação em todas as Constituições brasileiras, do Império até a Federativa vigente; partindo do ponto aceito pela doutrina e legislação pátria, desde sempre, que é o da igualdade perante a lei. Adentramos ao Direito Fundamental à Educação fazendo uma análise histórica das Constituições passadas. Apresentamos os prós e os contras do programa que insere o sistema de cotas nas universidades públicas e privadas, além de analisarmos as medidas provisórias, as leis vigentes e as jurisprudências. Defendemos o ingresso na universidade por um sistema meritocrático, através de políticas governamentais de ensino público fundamental e médio, que prepare o indivíduo desde a sua infância, para que este tenha condições intelectuais de disputar uma vaga em universidade pública ou privada em igualdade de condições com o candidato que tenha cursado o ensino fundamental e médio em escola particular. Enfim, precisamos melhorar o ensino público fundamental e médio para que o aluno ingresse no superior, por seus próprios méritos, sem depender de medidas paliativas entendidas por nós, como discriminatórias

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Brasileiro, Gustavo Tambelini. "Dignidade humana: art. 93 da Lei 8213/1991: uma realização no acesso ao trabalho." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1265.

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This research was conceived under the perspective of many legal institutes. Despite their distinctive nature, all of them have a main tonic, the human being. Its intention is to show a person with disabilities as a pro-active individual amongst social community, being able to participate and deserving the fundamental right of labor so that he or she may glimpse at the possibility of a quantitative-qualitative insertion in the social-economical conviviality. The article 93 of act 8.213/ 1991 Act of Labor Market Reservation Quota System is examined in order to celebrate the access of people with disabilities in the market as a way of achieving the principle of human dignity. However, first the fundamental human rights are examined through a historical research, leading us to the importance of its historical evolution and its different classification, being placed in the Brazilian legal-constitutional system. In the second part of the process, the principle of human dignity is explored, from its very beginning, examining its formation as doctrinal concepts and, finally, leading to an interrelation with the fundamental human rights. This step discusses the solidification of dignity and its inseparable relation regarding fundamental rights. It also reveals a search for a new perspective related to the legal knowledge, the study of Living Law . As a third step, indications referring to labor law and its function as a social justice mechanism were made. All of these digressions are made in order to assert the importance of the human dignity principle and of the fundamental rights, especially regarding the Fundamental Labor Rights, so that, in the end, they may be seen under the perspective of people with disabilities. This is where the animus of this paper resides their access to the fundamental labor rights as a way of achieving human dignity. This project is elaborated in a way that regards the value of human beings and the legal-social institutes capable of carrying out social promotion.
Esta pesquisa é concebida sob a ótica de vários institutos jurídicos. Embora distintos, todos se aglutinam em uma tônica central, o ser humano. Visa a demonstrar a pessoa portadora de deficiência como sujeito pró-ativo no seio da comunidade social, participante e merecedora do direito fundamental do trabalho para, enfim, vislumbrar sua inserção quantitativo-qualitativa no convívio sócio-econômico. Verifica-se o art. 93 da lei 8.213/ 1991 Lei de Reserva de Mercado (Sistema de Cotas) a fim de celebrar o acesso ao mercado de trabalho à pessoa portadora de deficiência como forma de realização do princípio da dignidade humana. Entretanto, primeiramente, examinam-se os direitos humanos fundamentais, faz-se uma viagem histórica, remetendo-nos à importância de sua evolução histórica e suas diferentes classificações, posicionando-os no ordenamento jurídico- constitucional brasileiro. Num segundo momento, envereda-se pela seara do princípio da dignidade humana, percorre desde a gênese à sua conceituação doutrinária, até, por fim, desembocar na inter-relação com os direitos humanos fundamentais. Nessa fase, aduz sobre a concretude da dignidade e sua indissociável relação no respeito aos direitos fundamentais. Revela, também, a busca por uma nova perspectiva quanto ao saber jurídico, o estudo do direito vivo . E, num terceiro instante, realizam-se apontamentos concernentes ao direito do trabalho e sua função de mecanismo de justiça social. Todas essas digressões serão realizadas para asseverar a importância do princípio da dignidade humana e dos direitos fundamentais, mais precisamente no que toca ao Direito fundamental do Trabalho, para então, demonstrá-los sob a ótica da pessoa portadora de deficiência. Nesse ponto reside o animus do ensaio o acesso ao direito fundamental do trabalho pela pessoa com deficiência como forma de consecução da dignidade humana. O presente trabalho desenvolve-se com os olhos voltados para a valorização do ser humano e para os institutos jurídico-sociais capazes de efetivar a promoção social.

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Duljković, Zenon. "Investiční a daňové prostředí vybraných zemí bývalé Jugoslávie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199956.

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The Master's thesis "Investment and tax environment of selected former Yugoslavian countries" deals with current tax systems and investment environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia. The first three chapters of the thesis are focused on the economic situation of selected countries, their business relations among themselves and the EU countries, foreign direct investment and rating. The fourth key chapter starts with the tax theory and fiscal harmonization within the European Union in order to give detailed analysis of tax systems with emphasis on current development. In conclusion is elaborated the comparison of selected tax systems.

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Basahal, Abdulrahman Sameer O. "Firms' HRM capacity and responses to shifts in regulatory demands : the case of private sector firms and coercive employment quota systems in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15623/.

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This thesis furthers our understanding of how regulations, organisational strategy and firm-level Human Resource Management (HRM) capacity interact to enable a firm to cope with changing regulations. Specifically, it focuses on the recent changes in the Saudi labour market following the introduction of the Nitaqat regulations, aimed at increasing the employment of Saudi nationals in the private sector. Earlier approaches had largely failed as they were poorly designed and weakly enforced. However, Nitaqat operates to a strict quota based system and is underpinned by much stronger monitoring and strict penalties. To study the interaction between regulatory system and HRM capacity, this thesis adopts the framework provided by the concept of Dynamic Capabilities as this offers an invaluable tool to understand the interaction between organisational capacity, organisational strategy and the regulatory environment. The research design meant it was possible to compare the impact of two very different approaches to labour market regulation on organisational behaviour and, in doing so, shed light on the type of HRM capacity a firm needs in order to cope with the demands of externally imposed regulations. Methodologically, this thesis adopts a qualitative approach and semi structured interviews as the dominant tool for data collection, and it is based on six case studies, three from the service sector and three manufacturing sector. The cases provided evidence that the shift in regulatory approach triggered changes of HRM capacity in some firms but the precise nature of any change is dependent on the circumstances of the individual firm and in particular on their prevailing business strategy, and HRM strategy and capacity. In turn, HRM capacity creates the scope for choice of strategic response although the actual approach was dependent on factors specific to that firm. Equally, a firm that fails to develop HRM capacity seems to be limited in how it can respond to a regulatory shock. In effect, the relationship between regulatory demand and HRM capacity is strongly mediated by organisational strategy. In other words, HRM capacity reflects and enables organisational strategy rather than forming a direct response to the regulatory environment. This is not to say that the regulatory environment has no impact, but it was clear from this research that different firms have different levels of exposure and vulnerability to the regulatory demands. Even under Nitaqat, one firm was found to have retained an old approach to HRM capacity, since it was still able to recruit from a large pool of relatively cheap labour and not offer any sustained training or development after their employment. This suggests that the HRM capacity need by the firm is linked to organisational strategy rather than the regulatory framework. In turn, organisational strategy, in terms of the recruitment of Saudi nationals, was found to be influenced by factors such as the attitudes of senior staff, the extent that the firm felt it owed a favour to the state and some very specific dynamics in the labour market that affected that firm (in one instance there were no trained Saudi staff who could be recruited to a key role in the firm). This also presents a complex view of when regulations can be effective. What is clear is there is weak linkage between regulatory regime and specific organisational response but if the regulations are strictly enforced, there is much less scope for complete rejection.

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41

Klages, Rainer. "Microscopic Chaos, Fractals, and Transport in Nonequilibrium Steady States. - (Die Veröffentlichung einer ergänzten und überarbeiteten Version bei "World Scientific Publishing" ist für 2005/06 geplant.)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1107426004665-22819.

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A fundamental challenge is to understand nonequilibrium statistical mechanics starting from microscopic chaos in the equations of motion of a many-particle system. In this thesis we summarize recent theoretical advances along these lines. We focus on two different approaches to nonequilibrium transport: One considers Hamiltonian dynamical systems under nonequilibrium boundary conditions, another one suggests a non-Hamiltonian approach to nonequilibrium situations created by external electric fields and by temperature or velocity gradients. A surprising result related to the former approach is that in simple low-dimensional periodic models the deterministic transport coefficients are typically fractal functions of control parameters. These fractal transport coefficients yield the first central theme of this thesis. We exemplify this phenomenon by deterministic diffusion in a simple chaotic map. We then construct an arsenal of analytical and numerical methods for computing further transport coefficients such as electrical conductivities andchemical reaction rates. These methods are applied to hierarchies of chaotic dynamical systems that are successively getting more complex, starting from abstract one-dimensional maps generalizing a simple random walk on the line up to particle billiards that should be directly accessible in experiments. In all cases, the resulting transport coefficients turn out to be either strictly fractal, or at least to be profoundly irregular. The impact of random perturbations on these quantities is also investigated. We furthermore provide some access roads towards a physical understanding of these fractalities. The second central theme is formed by a critical assessment of the non-Hamiltonian approach to nonequilibrium transport. Here we consider situations where the nonequilibrium constraints pump energy into a system, hence there must be some thermal reservoir that prevents the system from heating up. For this purpose a deterministic and time-reversible modeling of thermal reservoirs was proposed in form of Gaussian and Nose-Hoover thermostats. This approach yielded simple relations between fundamental quantities of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and of dynamical systems theory. Our goal is to critically assesses the universality of these results. As a vehicle of demonstration we employ the driven periodic Lorentz gas, a toy model for the classical dynamics of an electron in a metal under application of an electric field. Applying different types of thermal reservoirs to this system we compare the resulting nonequilibrium steady states with each other. Along the same lines we discuss an interacting many-particle system under shear and heat. Finally, we outline an unexpected relationship between deterministic thermostats and active Brownian particles modeling biophysical cell motility.

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42

Klages, Rainer. "Microscopic Chaos, Fractals, and Transport in Nonequilibrium Steady States. - (Die Veröffentlichung einer ergänzten und überarbeiteten Version bei "World Scientific Publishing" ist für 2005/06 geplant.)." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24458.

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A fundamental challenge is to understand nonequilibrium statistical mechanics starting from microscopic chaos in the equations of motion of a many-particle system. In this thesis we summarize recent theoretical advances along these lines. We focus on two different approaches to nonequilibrium transport: One considers Hamiltonian dynamical systems under nonequilibrium boundary conditions, another one suggests a non-Hamiltonian approach to nonequilibrium situations created by external electric fields and by temperature or velocity gradients. A surprising result related to the former approach is that in simple low-dimensional periodic models the deterministic transport coefficients are typically fractal functions of control parameters. These fractal transport coefficients yield the first central theme of this thesis. We exemplify this phenomenon by deterministic diffusion in a simple chaotic map. We then construct an arsenal of analytical and numerical methods for computing further transport coefficients such as electrical conductivities andchemical reaction rates. These methods are applied to hierarchies of chaotic dynamical systems that are successively getting more complex, starting from abstract one-dimensional maps generalizing a simple random walk on the line up to particle billiards that should be directly accessible in experiments. In all cases, the resulting transport coefficients turn out to be either strictly fractal, or at least to be profoundly irregular. The impact of random perturbations on these quantities is also investigated. We furthermore provide some access roads towards a physical understanding of these fractalities. The second central theme is formed by a critical assessment of the non-Hamiltonian approach to nonequilibrium transport. Here we consider situations where the nonequilibrium constraints pump energy into a system, hence there must be some thermal reservoir that prevents the system from heating up. For this purpose a deterministic and time-reversible modeling of thermal reservoirs was proposed in form of Gaussian and Nose-Hoover thermostats. This approach yielded simple relations between fundamental quantities of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and of dynamical systems theory. Our goal is to critically assesses the universality of these results. As a vehicle of demonstration we employ the driven periodic Lorentz gas, a toy model for the classical dynamics of an electron in a metal under application of an electric field. Applying different types of thermal reservoirs to this system we compare the resulting nonequilibrium steady states with each other. Along the same lines we discuss an interacting many-particle system under shear and heat. Finally, we outline an unexpected relationship between deterministic thermostats and active Brownian particles modeling biophysical cell motility.

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43

Quemin, Simon. "Essays on Spatial and Temporal Interconnections between and within Emissions Trading Systems." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED070/document.

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Les systèmes d’échange de quotas d’émission (SEQEs) sont un instrument de régulation environnementale important et ont un rôle clef à jouer dans la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre pour l’atténuation du changement climatique. Cette thèse a une double orientation : les liaisons spatiales entre SEQEs d'une part et les échanges inter-temporels au sein d’un SEQE d'autre part.Les liaisons entre SEQEs peuvent aider à établir un futur cadre de politique climatique mondiale coût-efficient. Cependant, ces liaisons sont difficiles à mettre en place et à ce jour, peu nombreuses. Dans un premier temps, à l’aide d’un modèle simple et unifié et en se basant sur des expériences réelles de SEQEs, nous comparons différentes restrictions à l’échange comme éléments facilitants une transition vers le libre échange de quotas. Dans un deuxième temps, nous construisons un modèle qui décrit et caractérise analytiquement les effets et gains associés à des liaisons multilatérales sous incertitude. Ensuite, le modèle est calibré sur émissions historiques de différentes juridictions pour illustrer les déterminants des préférences de liaison.Les SEQEs sont sujets à de l’incertitude réglementaire, ce qui peut affaiblir leurs efficience coût dynamique et signal prix de long terme. La prévalence d’une telle incertitude peut être assimilée à une situation d’ambiguïté. Nous analysons alors les décisions inter-temporelles d’entités couvertes par un SEQE et averses à l’ambiguïté puis caractérisons les distorsions induites sur le fonctionnement du système. Nous discutons enfin de l’éclairage apportés par ces résultats en rapport aux observations faites dans les SEQEs existants
Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) are an important instsrument in regulating pollution and have a key role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change. This dissertation has a twin focus: spatial linkages between ETSs at a point in time and intertemporal trading within an ETS.Linkages between ETSs are crucial for cost-effectiveness of the future climate policy architecture. Complete linkages, however, are difficult to agree and to date, few and far between. Here, our contribution is twofold. First, using a simple and unified model and drawing on experiences with real-world ETSs, we compare alternative trade restrictions on bilateral linkages in facilitating the transition to an unrestricted link. Second, we provide a general model to describe and analytically characterize the effects and gains from multilateral linkages under uncertainty. The model is then calibrated to historical emissions of real-world jurisdictions to illustrate the determinants of linkage preferences.ETSs are subject to regulatory uncertainty, which can disrupt dynamic cost-effectiveness and undermine their long-term price signal. The prevalence of regulatory uncertainty can be assimilated to a situation of ambiguity. Here, our contribution is to analyze regulated entities’ intertemporal decisions under ambiguity aversion, characterize the induced distortions in market functioning, and discuss how these can help explain observations from existing ETSs

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44

Berger, Christian, and Valerie Purth. "Feministische Rechtswissenschaft." Universität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15945.

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Feministische Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit der Vergeschlechtlichung des Rechts und seiner Diskurse. Sie benennt und analysiert Ungleichheiten aufgrund des Geschlechts, die durch das Recht legitimiert oder hergestellt werden. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft setzt sich mit dem Potenzial von Recht als feministischem und emanzipatorischem Instrument auseinander. Anhand des ‚Dilemmas der Differenz‘ wird deutlich, wie ambivalent rechtliche Bemühungen um Gleichstellung ausfallen. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft knüpft an die Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen* an und ist in allen Rechtsgebieten – vom Verfassungsrecht über die Rechtsgeschichte bis hin zu Familien-, Arbeits- und Strafrecht – vertreten.

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45

Lee, Wai-tak. "A study of white-collar crime : the circumvention of the textiles export control system of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649488.

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46

Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.

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L’objectif de cette étude est d’appréhender, à travers l’exemple du système européen d’échange des quotas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre, les conditions d’efficacité d’un instrument particulier de réalisation du développement durable : la technique de marché. Définie comme un instrument de police consistant en la poursuite d’un objectif de politique publique, préalablement défini par les pouvoirs publics, au moyen de la création volontaire d’un marché, c’est-à-dire l’organisation d’échanges d’« unités » entre opérateurs économiques, la technique de marché est utilisée de manière privilégiée en matière environnementale. La création ex nihilo d’un marché pour protéger l’environnement ne doit pas induire en erreur : la technique de marché ne conduit pas à une substitution de la liberté à la puissance publique. Au contraire, la technique de marché n’est efficace que si elle est sous-tendue par une action publique forte. Une intervention permanente – au stade de l’élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre de cet instrument – et multiforme – au niveau international, régional et national – de la puissance publique est nécessaire. La « main invisible » du marché ne produit ses effets que grâce à la « main visible » de la puissance publique
By taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities

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47

Lee, Wai-tak, and 李偉德. "A study of white-collar crime: the circumvention of the textiles export control system of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978113.

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Friedrich, Rafael. "UMA PROPOSTA DE DIÁLOGO INTERCULTURAL NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA ALUNOS COTISTAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7188.

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The equality is to be seen as a right to be guaranteed by the State in an equivalent proportion to the different citizens; equality means that each person may be different, and while being assisted by the State to minimize the situations that may put them at a disadvantage. It is inefficient to treat individuals in a generic and abstract way. It is necessary the specification of the subject of law, which must be seen in its particularities and peculiarities, considered the cultural contexts in which it is inserted, their history. In Brazil, as it has occurred in the USA in 1960 s, Affirmative Actions were adopted, aiming the realization of the equal opportunities and the neutralization of the effects of racial discrimination, gender, age, national origin and physical complexion, which materialize, for example, by reserving vacancies by public institutions of higher education in their student selection contests. Along these lines, this present research was conducted within the line Formation, knowledge and professional development - LP1, where I propose intercultural education as a dialogical solution of the conflicts arising from new relations established in the classroom with the admission of students in Universities through the system of quotas. The quota policy aims to reduce the given inequality to social groups historically marginalized in the society. However, the faculty and students of the institutions has been directly affected by the diversity of opinions, often expressed through words, often in attitudes. Passing through the historical origins of affirmative policies, that originated the quota system, as well as the legal foundations that supported its implementation, we sought to investigate possible ways of mobilizing teacher training , through theoretical and epistemological contributions from the perspective of Intercultural Education integrated into the faculty act, as a proposal for dialogue solution of tensions arising from the arrival of 'new' students to higher education Institutions. To carry out this study, I adopted the qualitative research as methodology, and also, as a process of execution of the methodology itself, being method, the way to be gone to achieve the proposed objectives. At the end, I conclude, therefore, that it is necessary to be developed teacher training towards teaching methodologies that integrates these new students to the classroom, which are proposed, occurs in intercultural perspective.
A igualdade há de ser vista como um direito a ser garantido pelo Estado de forma proporcionalmente equivalente aos diferentes cidadãos; igualdade significa que cada pessoa possa ser diferente, e ao mesmo tempo ser assistida pelo Estado na minimização das situações que possam lhe colocar em desvantagem. É ineficiente, portanto, tratar os indivíduos de forma genérica e abstrata. Faz-se necessária a especificação do sujeito de direito, que deve ser visto em suas peculiaridades e particularidades, considerados os contextos culturais em que está inserido, sua história. No Brasil, a exemplo do que ocorreu nos EUA na década de 1960, foram adotadas Ações Afirmativas, visando à concretização da igualdade de oportunidades e à neutralização dos efeitos da discriminação racial, de gênero, de idade, de origem nacional e de compleição física, que se materializam, no caso da presente pesquisa, através da reserva de vagas pelas instituições públicas de educação superior em seus concursos de seleção de alunos. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida dentro da linha Formação, saberes e desenvolvimento profissional LP1, onde proponho a educação intercultural como solução dialógica dos conflitos decorrentes das novas relações estabelecidas em sala de aula com o ingresso de alunos nas Universidades através do sistema de cotas. A política de cotas visa diminuir a desigualdade imprimida a grupos sociais historicamente marginalizados na sociedade. Contudo, o corpo docente e discente das instituições tem sido diretamente afetado pela diversidade de opiniões, por vezes manifestada por meio de palavras, por vezes em atitudes. Passando pelas origens históricas das políticas afirmativas, que originaram o sistema de cotas, assim como, pelos fundamentos jurídicos que sustentaram a sua implementação, buscou-se investigar as possíveis formas de mobilizar a formação de professores, através de contribuições teóricas e epistemológicas da perspectiva de Educação Intercultural integrada no fazer docente, como proposta de solução dialógica de tensões advindas da chegada de novos alunos às instituições de ensino superior. Para a realização deste estudo, adotei a pesquisa qualitativa como metodologia, e também, como um processo de execução da própria metodologia, sendo método, o caminho a ser percorrido para atingir os objetivos propostos. Ao final, concluo, pois, que, é necessário que seja desenvolvida a formação de professores em direção à metodologias de ensino que integrem esses novos alunos à sala de aula, o que propõem-se, ocorra na perspectiva intercultural.

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Peng, Feng. "La politique chinoise en matière de changement climatique : évolutions et perspectives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1041.

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Le changement climatique est l'un des plus importants enjeux mondiaux. D'une part, la question du changement climatique est liée aux intérêts fondamentaux de l'humanité tout entière, dont elle menace le développement et la destinée future voire la survie. D'autre part, la diplomatie, dans les principaux domaines de la politique internationale, et en raison du manque de moyens, peine à atteindre une logique d’action collective et à établir une gouvernance climatique mondiale. Par sa croissance économique rapide, la Chine est devenue le plus grand émetteur mondial de gaz à effet de serre, et joue un rôle clé dans la diplomatie climatique. L’évolution de sa position dans les négociations sur le climat influence l’architecture du changement climatique international, pour la période pré-2020 aussi bien que pour l’après-2020. La recherche se concentre sur les interactions entre politiques locales, politiques nationales et la diplomatie sur le climat pour mettre en évidence les perspectives de la politique du changement climatique en Chine. Selon cette étude, la construction d’une civilisation écologique et la dé-carbonisation profonde de la Chine reposent principalement sur la transformation de son mode de développement économique. L’instrument de marché d'échange de carbone jouera un rôle décisif dans la future politique climatique de la Chine. Cela déterminera sa politique étrangère future, et lui permettra de jouer un rôle plus constructif
Climate change is one of the most important global issues of the world. On the one hand, the issue of climate change relates to the fundamental interests of the whole humanity, its development and future destiny, and even threats its survival. On the other hand, climate diplomacy, from the different perspectives of the main areas of international politics, and for lack of means, struggles to reach a logic of collective action in global climate governance. With its rapid economic growth, China has become the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases and plays a key role in climate diplomacy. The evolution of its climate negotiation position influences the international climate change architecture for the pre and post-2020 period. The research will focus on the interaction between local policies, national policies and climate change foreign policy, in order to highlight the perspectives of climate change policy in China. According to this research, the construction of ecological civilization and its deep decarbonisation action in China need the transformation of the economic mode of development. Carbon trading market instruments will play a decisive role in China’s future climate policy. It will determine its foreign policy, and allow China to play a more constructive role

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Adão, Jorge Manoel. "Políticas públicas de ações afirmativas, educação e Abá (pensamento) negro-brasileiro diaspórico." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13281.

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A presente tese de doutoramento consiste na abordagem das Políticas Públicas de Ações Afirmativas, entendidas como decorrentes das organizações e das ações históricas do Movimento Negro; da paulatina aliança e inserção desse Movimento na Academia; cujo conhecimento produzido, subsidiou e continua subsidiando as Políticas Públicas voltadas à população negra brasileira. Com a constatação de que este conhecimento, que deu origem e sustenta estas Políticas, consiste em um pensamento colonizado: impregnado da influência norte-americana, formulo um àbá (pensamento) negro-brasileiro diaspórico, que abrange não só os aspectos socioeconômicos da população negra. Especificamente, no presente trabalho, analiso os discursos, as narrativas, o ideário e os sustentáculos das Políticas Públicas de Ações Afirmativas em Educação de negros – sob a perspectiva dos direitos humanos – concretizadas nas leis, projetos e programas do atual governo federal brasileiro (de 2003 a 2006); ou seja, as Políticas de Cotas em Universidades Públicas brasileiras, presentificando as ações que se imbricam nesta temática da Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Alfabetização e Diversidade do Ministério da Educação; da Fundação Cultural Palmares do Ministério da Cultura; do Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação do Ministério da Justiça; e da Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial da Presidência da República. O àbá (pensamento) negro-brasileiro diaspórico, elaborado no âmbito deste trabalho, é constituído, em especial e simultaneamente, a partir: das categorias da oralidade, espaço-tempo e ancestralidade, que refletem tradição e cultura, modus vivendi, religiosidade e festividade da população brasileira a partir de valores africanos, intermediados pela população negra brasileira; dos estudos e pesquisas e da organização e atuação do Movimento Negro sobre essa temática; e da teoria moriniana da complexidade – princípios dialógico, hologramático e recursivo – que se embasa em relações concomitantes de complementaridade, de concorrência e de antagonismo.
The present thesis of PhD degree, consists of the boarding of the Public Politics of Affirmative Actions, as a result of the organizations and the historical actions of the Black Movement; of the gradual alliance and insertion of this Movement in the Academy; which produced knowledge, subsidized and continues subsidizing the directed Public Politics to the Brazilian Black population. With the perception of that this knowledge, that gave origin and supports these Politics, consists of a colonized thought: impregnated of the North American influence, I formulate an àbá (thought) diasporic black-Brazilian, who not only encloses the socials and economics aspects of the black population. Specifically, in the present work, I analyze the speeches, the narratives, the ideas and the sustentation of the Public Politics of Affirmative Actions in Education of blacks - under the perspective of the human rights - materialize in the laws, projects and programs of the current Brazilian Federal Government (from 2003 to 2006); that is, the Politics of Quotas in Brazilian Public Universities, with the actions that if attend of this thematic one of the Secretariat of Continued Education, Alphabetization and Diversity of the Ministry of Education; of the Cultural Foundation Palmares of the Ministry of Culture; of the National Advice of Combat to the Discrimination of the Ministry of Justice; and The Special Secretary of Politics of Promotion of the Racial Equality of the Presidency of the Republic. Àbá (thought) diasporic black-Brazilian, elaborated in the scope of this work, is constituted, in special and simultaneously, to leave: of the categories of the orality, space-time and ancestry, that reflect tradition and culture, way of life, religiosity and festivity of the Brazilian population from African values, intermediated for the Brazilian black population; on the studies and research and the organization and performance of the Black Movement on this thematic one; e of the moriniana theory of the complexity - principles dialogic, hologramatic and recursive - that is based in concomitant relations of complementally, competition and antagonism.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quota system'

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