Books: 'Quota system'

1

Tan, Ling Hui. Rationing rules and outcomes: The experience of Singapore's vehicle quota system. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2001.

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2

Fujimori, Hideo. The abolition of the quota system: Potential impact on Philippine garment export. Manila: Yuchengco Center, De La Salle University, 2008.

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3

Denny, Steve. The quota system and American immigration: A re-creation of the conflict between Congressional factions in the 1920's debating whether or not to adopt a quota system for immigrants. Carlsbad, Calif: Interaction Publishers, DBA Interact, 1992.

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4

Akiyama, T. Impact of the International Coffee Agreement's export quota system on the world's coffee market. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington DC 20433): International Economic Dept., World Bank, 1989.

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5

Lightfoot, Mary Ann. Off-line field test design for evaluating two approaches to person-job matching: The Army Recruit Quota System (REQUEST) and the Enlisted Personnel Allocation System (EPAS). Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 2003.

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6

Lightfoot, Mary Ann. Off-line field test design for evaluating two approaches to person-job matching: The Army Recruit Quota System (REQUEST) and the Enlisted Personnel Allocation System (EPAS). Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 2003.

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7

Lightfoot, Mary Ann. Off-line field test design for evaluating two approaches to person-job matching: The Army Recruit Quota System (REQUEST) and the Enlisted Personnel Allocation System (EPAS). Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 2003.

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8

A, Kandawasvika-Nhundu Rumbidzai, Larserud Stina, and International IDEA/Nepal, eds. Electoral system and quotas in Nepal. Lalitpur: International IDEA, 2010.

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9

Hofmann, Cecilia. Issue brief on quota systems for women's political participation. Quezon City, Philippines: Women in Politics Program, Congressional Research and Training Service, 1994.

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10

Sarin, Ankur. Quotas under RTE: Leading towards an egalitarian education system. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, 2013.

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11

(Canada), National Farmers Union. Memorandum to Agriculture Canada on proposals for a national check-off system, March 30, 1990. Saskatoon: The Union, 1990.

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12

Jin kou xu ke zhi du min yong shang pin ru jin jian zheng guan li ban fa: Administrative measures on entry verification of civil commodities subject to import licensing system. Beijing: Zhongguo biao zhun chu ban she, 2010.

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13

Larserud, Stina. Designing for equality: Best-fit, medium-fit and non-favourable combinations of electoral systems and gender quotas. Stockholm: International IDEA, 2007.

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14

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade. Export of U.S. telecommunications products: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congess, first session, May 3, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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15

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade. Export of U.S. telecommunications products: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 3, 1985. Washington: U.S.G.P.O., 1985.

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16

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade. Export of U.S. telecommunications products: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 3, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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17

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade. Export of U.S. telecommunications products: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 3, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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18

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade. Export of U.S. telecommunications products: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Trade of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, May 3, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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19

Heinlein, Peer. The book of IMAP: Building a mail server with Courier and Cyrus. Munich: Open Source Press, 2008.

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20

Jensenius, Francesca R. Social Justice through Inclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646608.001.0001.

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India has one of the most extensive quota systems in the world: the reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes (SCs, the former “untouchables”) in the country’s legislative assemblies. Combining evidence from quantitative datasets from the period 1969–2012, archival work, and in-depth interviews with politicians, civil servants, and voters across India, this book explores the long-term effects these quotas have had for the political elite and for the general population. It finds that the quotas have played an important role in reducing caste-based discrimination, particularly at the elite level. Contrary to what one might expect, this is not because the quota system has led to more group representation—SC politicians working specifically for SC interests—but because it has created and empowered a new SC elite who have gradually become integrated into mainstream politics. The findings and discussions have broader implications beyond the case of India. Policies such as quotas are often implemented with the explicit goal of changing society and are supported with arguments that assume various positive, long-term consequences. The nuanced discussions in this book shed light on how the quotas for SCs have shaped the incentives for politicians, parties, and voters, noting the trade-offs inherent in how such policies of group inclusion are designed.

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21

Review of night noise quota system at Bristol International Airport: Consultation report 2002. Bristol: Bristol International Airport, 2002.

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22

Joo, ChulAn. The politics of implementing educational reform: A graduation quota system in Korean higher educational institutions. 1990.

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23

Jensenius, Francesca R. Chipping Away at the Caste Hierarchy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646608.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 is about recognition for SCs in Indian society, and how quotas have affected caste-based discrimination. After summarizing key findings in the literature on intragroup and intergroup relations, and the ritual practices of SCs in India today, the chapter presents evidence from two surveys that provide indications of a lessening in caste-based discrimination in SC-reserved areas. The patterns are not robust and the surveys do not have samples that are representative of large areas, so the findings should be treated as tentative. Nonetheless, in both cases the evidence points toward potentially wide-ranging social changes resulting from implementation of the quota system. These patterns are further corroborated by findings from studies of village-level quotas for SCs.

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24

Off-Line Field Test Design for Evaluating Two Approaches to Person-Job Matching: The Army Recruit Quota System (REQUEST) and the Enlisted Personnel Allocation System (EPAS). Storming Media, 2003.

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25

Oforchukwu, Joachim Ifezuo. Implementation of Quota System and Its Effects on School Dropout in the Federal Secondary Schools in the South East and South South Regions of Nigeria. Xlibris Corporation, 2006.

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26

David, Colman, University of Manchester. School of Economic Studies. Centre for Agriculture, Food and Resoucre Economics., Great Britain. Welsh Office. Agriculture Department., Great Britain. Scottish Office. Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department., Great Britain. Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland., and Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food., eds. Economic evaluation of the UK milk quota system: Report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Welsh Office, Department of Agriculture for Northen Ireland, Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department. Manchester: University of Manchester, School of Economic Studies, 1998.

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27

Electoral system and quotas in Nepal. Lalitpur: International IDEA, 2010.

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28

Jensenius, Francesca R. From Representation to Integration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646608.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides an introduction to SCs as a group. It presents a historical overview of how quotas became an important policy tool for addressing social injustice in India, and notes primary sources on the initial debates about the design of electoral institutions in the early twentieth century. Tracing the debate on electoral quotas between 1905 and 1950, the chapter shows the gradual shift in focus from group representation to group integration. This was reflected in disagreements about the optimal institutional design for combating the caste system: should SC politicians be elected by SC voters only, or by voters from all caste groups? The latter view prevailed, with quotas explicitly designed to integrate SC politicians into mainstream politics by making it necessary for them to appeal to voters from all caste groups.

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29

Morris, Shireen. Mechanisms for Indigenous Representation, Participation and Consultation in Constitutional Systems: International Examples to Inspire Chile. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.106.

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Indigenous peoples in Chile have suffered dispossession and discrimination by colonizing forces, like many Indigenous peoples globally, and did not have a fair say in the development of successive constitutions establishing new political systems on their land. In the October 2020 referendum, Chileans voted to create a new constitution. This presents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to create a fairer power relationship with the Chilean state. For the first time, the constitutional convention includes a specific quota for 17 Indigenous representatives. This will enable Indigenous peoples to contribute to the constitutional design process. This report presents comparative examples of self-determinative institutional mechanisms that empower Indigenous peoples to be heard by and influence decision making in state institutions. The focus of the paper is on options for institutional structures that enable Indigenous representation, participation and consultation with respect to Indigenous peoples’ own affairs.

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30

Murphy, Jim. Breakthrough!: How Three People Saved "Blue Babies" and Changed Medicine Forever. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2015.

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31

Breakthrough!: How Three People Saved "Blue Babies" and Changed Medicine Forever. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2019.

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32

Manon, Tremblay, ed. Women and legislative representation: Electoral systems, political parties, and sex quotas. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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33

Women and Legislative Representation: Electoral Systems, Political Parties, and Sex Quotas. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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34

Schor, Paul. From Statistics by Country of Birth to the System of National Origins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses changes in the categories of ethnicity and immigration in the US census. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the 1930s, statistics on immigration and ethnicity took first place in schedules, published reports, and public policy. Not only did census figures establish immigration quotas, but census statisticians, with their methods and their culture, constructed the mechanism for exclusion by national origin. However, after 1928 there was a retreat from measuring ethnicity, which became evident in the 1930 and 1940 censuses by a marked lack of interest in questions of place of birth, mother tongue, and degree of assimilation. The history of the categories that made it possible to measure ethnicity is a complex one, involving three main groups of actors: advocates of immigration restriction, representatives of immigrant populations, and Census Bureau statisticians, with each group attempting to respond to contradictory demands and to defend their own interests.

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35

Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 4 Equality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0004.

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This chapter reviews the Colombian Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence on equality. In accordance with the constitutional text, the Court has developed a substantive conception of equality, one that allows and even encourages special measures on behalf of historically disadvantaged groups. This case law is of particular importance given the historically stratified and unequal nature of Colombian society. This chapter reviews the Court’s jurisprudence legalizing same-sex marriage, allowing gender quotas on behalf of female public officials, and requiring that the Bogota authorities take steps to make the public transportation system handicapped-accessible. In all of these cases, the Court has taken steps toward the achievement of substantive equality on behalf of the historically disadvantaged.

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36

Feldman, David, Meenakshi Balaraman, and Craig Anderson. Hope and Meaning-in-Life. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.21.

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Freidrich Nietzsche famously said, “He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how,” a quote that pioneering existential psychiatrist Viktor Frankl cited often. This chapter argues that it is through the whys in people’s lives—their goals—that they establish a sense of meaning. The chapter makes both an empirical and a theoretical case that, linked by an emphasis on goals, hope and meaning in life are closely connected. It begins by defining the meaning-in-life construct, continues with a discussion of the empirical relationships between hope and meaning, and concludes with a theoretical exploration of hope in the context of existential philosophical systems.

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37

Reimers, David. The Impact of Immigration Legislation. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.002.

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Racism and economics account for the first laws directed at Chinese and Japanese. Entering as “picture brides,” Japanese women evaded the Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907-1908 between the United States and Japan, but by use of the naturalization qualifications in the 1920s, Congress effectively closed the door to Asian immigration. For southern and eastern Europeans, national-origin quotas of the same decade cut their immigration drastically. After 1945, Congress and U.S. presidents relaxed the tight restrictions, and, in 1965, Congress passed the Hart-Celler Act, which created a new and more liberal system that stressed family unification. Major issues in recent years have concerned terrorism and undocumented immigration. Throughout this period, the results of the laws were often unintended, largely because the flow of immediate family members and chain migration were unseen.

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38

Jensenius, Francesca R. Trade-Offs in Institutional Design. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646608.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 summarizes the empirical findings and argues that quotas for SCs have played an important role in breaking down the social barriers associated with the caste system. This success is only partial, as SC politicians are still perceived as weaker than other politicians, and they still experience subtle forms of discrimination. However, important achievements have been made: members of this large community that probably would have been excluded from politics have had the opportunity to gain political experience and know-how, and it now appears less socially acceptable to treat SC elites disrespectfully in public. How, then, do these findings speak to other cases? The findings from India demonstrate that institutional design is important in shaping the behavior of political parties, politicians, and voters—but also that a policy that incentivizes integration rather than group representation may produce important effects.

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39

Designing for Equality: Best-Fit, Medium-Fit and Non-Favourable Combinations of Electoral Systems and Gender Quotas. International Idea, 2007.

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40

Battisti, Danielle. Whom We Shall Welcome. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284399.001.0001.

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This book looks at Italian American campaigns to reform American immigration laws from 1945 to 1965. It argues that even while Italian Americans were members of a coalition that pushed for liberal immigration reforms, their campaigns reflected a mix of liberalism and conservatism. Italian American immigration reformers invoked both secular principles of democratic liberalism and arguments based on Catholic social thought to call for a more humane and equal system of regulating immigration than the one in place based on a system of National Origins quotas. Yet in practice, Italian American campaign rhetoric and legislative strategies often reflected a socially and racially conservative vision of Americanism. Through displays of anti-communism, household mass consumption, assimilation, and advancing narratives of immigrant contributions to the nation, Italian Americans largely asserted their group’s fitness for immigration and citizenship rights in the United States. Each of those displays was highly racialized and hardly contested accepted political and social boundaries, but rather reaffirmed them. Those actions demonstrated that Italian Americans were just as concerned with their group’s political and social equality with older-stock whites as they were with liberalizing American immigration laws.

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41

gac, Di. Geometric Solar System Science Art Creative Funny Image Quote Notebook and Journal - Diary Size 6x9 Inch 120 Pages... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .: Creative Funny Image Quote Notebook and Journal - Diary Size 6x9 Inch 120 Pages... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . Independently Published, 2020.

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42

Bosha, Sarah L. The Importance of Gender Equality and Women’s Inclusion for Resolving Conflict and Sustaining Peace. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0005.

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The meaningful participation of women in peace talks, peacebuilding, and post-conflict reconstruction is critical to lasting and sustainable peace. Women bring new issues, different experience of war, and the views of a wider section of society to the table and have key skills useful for sustaining or resuscitating talks. Yet they encounter barriers, including the dominance of patriarchal views. The global governance system needs to create legal and policy responses to deal with such exclusion. The UN needs to appoint more women to senior mediation and negotiation roles. States and global institutions should consider the use of quotas to increase the number of women in peacekeeping and set aside predicable, accessible and flexible funding for women’s participation. Global institutions and member states should also create judicial mechanisms and rigorous follow-up mechanisms to ensure there is no impunity for peacekeeper sexual abuse and exploitation.

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43

Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A., and Santiago Alles. Women in Legislatures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0004.

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Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer and Santiago Alles argue that the influx of women into Latin American legislatures has been substantial, but once in office, women have struggled to attain full access to political power. They present a statistical analysis that shows that the main explanations for variation in women’s representation lie with gender quotas and party system fragmentation. They show that women in national legislatures have brought women’s issues to the legislative arena, and they provide a new analysis showing that female legislators are more supportive of liberal gender equality, abortion, and divorce laws. However, they argue that women have not gained access to diverse committee leadership posts or served in top chamber leadership posts to the same extent as men. Finally, they show that the presence of women in legislatures has had important effects on citizen support for female political leaders, political engagement and participation, and supportiveness of representative democracy.

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44

Barney, Jay B., and David Schmidtz. Behind Every Great Fortune is an Equally Great Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825067.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the accuracy of the quote “behind every great fortune is an equally great crime”, attributed to Balzac. In our times great individual fortunes are generally generated via the instrument of the business firm. The question then becomes when are firm profits a crime? Firm profits are, in general, explained by one or more of three factors: luck, efficiency, and collusion. While it is difficult to regard luck as a crime, luck does not reflect merit. Profits due to efficiency seem like the least problematic case, and collusion seems the clearest case of when fortune coincides with crime. A variety of cases lie, at least in a dynamic sense, at the intersection of the three conditions. Unfortunately, history suggests that big business and big government can collude to keep profits flowing to the former and contributions flowing to the latter. While luck and efficiency may help initiate wealth, the system tolerates connivance, making Balzac’s statement more plausible than it ought to be.

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45

Ferdinand, Peter. 9. Votes, Elections, Legislatures, and Legislators. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0010.

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This chapter examines some of the central issues associated with voting and electoral systems, along with the functions of legislatures. It begins by discussing the two paradoxes of voting. First, the huge number of citizens in any modern state means that no individual's vote is likely to make the difference between two or more choices, making it potentially ‘irrational’ for any individual to bother to vote at all. Yet votes make democracy possible. The second voting paradox concerns the difficulty of relying upon votes to determine the objective preferences of the public. The chapter proceeds by considering measures that aim to establish quotas to increase gender equality in legislative recruitment. It also describes different types of legislatures and the internal structure of legislatures. Finally, it analyses trends in the backgrounds of legislators in various countries, specifically focusing upon the criticism that they constitute a ‘political class’.

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46

Programme, United Nations Environment. ODS Import/Export Licensing Systems Resource Module: Promoting Compliance with the Trade and Licensing Provisions of the Montreal Protocol in Countries with Economies in Transition - Policy Design and Setting up of Legislation. United Nations Publications, 2000.

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47

United Nations Environment Programme. Technology, Industry and Economics, Global Environment Facility, and OzonAction Programme, eds. Promoting compliance with the trade and licensing provisions of the Montreal Protocol in countries with economies in transition: Policy design and setting up of legislation : ODS import/export licensing systems : resource module, 1999. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme, Technology, Industry and Economics, 1999.

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48

United Nations Environment Programme. Technology, Industry and Economics., Global Environment Facility, and OzonAction Programme, eds. Promoting compliance with the trade and licensing provisions of the Montreal Protocol in countries with economies in transition: Policy design and setting up of legislation : ODS import/export licensing systems : resource module, 1999. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme, Technology, Industry and Economics, 1999.

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49

Securities and Exchange Commission: Rule 11AC1-4 (limit order display rule) and amendments to rule 11 AC1-1 (quote rule). Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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50

IMAP and POP3: Building a Mail Server with Courier and Cyrus. No Starch Press, 2008.

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Books on the topic 'Quota system'

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