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1
Pacheco, D., E. D. Mercerat, F. Courboulex, L. F. Bonilla, A. Laurendeau, and A. Alvarado. "Profiling the Quito basin (Ecuador) using seismic ambient noise." Geophysical Journal International 228, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 1419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab408.
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SUMMARY Quito, the capital of Ecuador, with more than 2.5 M inhabitants, is exposed to a high seismic hazard due to its proximity to the Pacific subduction zone and active crustal faults, both capable of generating significant earthquakes. Furthermore, the city is located in an intermontane piggy-back basin prone to seismic wave amplification. To understand the basin’s seismic response and characterize its geological structure, 20 broad and medium frequency band seismic stations were deployed in Quito’s urban area between May 2016 and July 2018 that continuously recorded ambient seismic noise. We first compute horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to determine the resonant frequency distribution in the entire basin. Secondly, we cross-correlate seismic stations operating simultaneously to retrieve interstations surface-wave Green’s functions in the frequency range of 0.1–2 Hz. We find that Love waves travelling in the basin’s longitudinal direction (NNE–SSW) show much clearer correlograms than those from Rayleigh waves. We then compute Love wave phase-velocity dispersion curves and invert them in conjunction with the HVSR curves to obtain shear-wave velocity profiles throughout the city. The inversions highlight a clear difference in the basin’s structure between its northern and southern parts. In the centre and northern areas, the estimated basin depth and mean shear-wave velocity are about 200 m and 1800 ms−1, respectively, showing resonance frequency values between 0.6 and 0.7 Hz. On the contrary, the basement’s depth and shear-wave velocity in the southern part are about 900 m and 2500 ms−1, having a low resonance frequency value of around 0.3 Hz. This difference in structure between the centre-north and the south of the basin explains the spatial distribution of low-frequency seismic amplifications observed during the Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake in April 2016 in Quito.
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Gierhake, Klaus, and Arturo Curiel. "Creative Cities in the Pacific Basin of Latin American - North Latitude 0-20° (Quito-Guadalajara)." México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 6, no. 16 (January 1, 2017): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v6i16.521.
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Laurendeau, Aurore, Françoise Courboulex, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, Victor Alfonso Naya, Philippe Guéguen, E. Diego Mercerat, et al. "Low‐Frequency Seismic Amplification in the Quito Basin (Ecuador) Revealed by Accelerometric Recordings of the RENAC Network." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 107, no. 6 (October 24, 2017): 2917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120170134.
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Courboulex, Francoise, David Alejandro Castro-Cruz, Aurore Laurendeau, Luis Fabian Bonilla, Alexandra Alvarado, and Etienne Bertrand. "Ground motion simulations in Quito (Ecuador) due to major earthquakes from the subduction zone." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 2192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac044.
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SUMMARY In 1906, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between Mw 8.4 and 8.8 occurred in the subduction zone along the coast of Ecuador and Colombia. This earthquake caused extensive damage on the coast but had a rather small impact on the capital city of Quito, situated 180 km away. At that time, the city of Quito extended over a small area with a few thousand inhabitants, while today it stretches over 40 km and has a population of over 3 million, with most of the city built without paraseismic regulations. The aim of this study is to obtain new insights on the impact that large earthquakes from the subduction zone would have on the city today. This question is crucial since we know that the city of Quito is prone to site effects and that the southern part of the city amplifies seismic waves at low frequencies, around 0.3–0.4 Hz. In April 2016, an Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred on the subduction interface in the Pedernales area. This event was the first large earthquake in the city of Quito to be well recorded by 13 stations of the permanent accelerometric network (RENAC). In this study, we take advantage of this data set (main shock and large aftershock recordings) to (1) test an empirical Green's function blind simulation approach where the input stress drop is taken from a global catalogue of source time functions, (2) compare the synthetic accelerograms and ground motion values we obtain for an Mw 7.8 earthquake with the actual recordings of the Pedernales earthquake and then (3) simulate larger earthquakes of Mw 8.2 and 8.5 from the subduction zone. For Mw 7.8 simulations, our approach allows a good reproduction of the ground motions in the whole frequency bands and properly takes into account site effects. For Mw 8.2 and 8.5 simulations, we obtain for the stations in the southern part of the basin, larger values at low frequencies than the predicted motion given by ground motion models. These values, although high, should be supported by new or recent buildings if they are constructed respecting the building code that applies in Quito. Therefore, for this type of strong but distant earthquake, the seismic standards appear to be well suited and it is imperative to ensure that they are well considered in the design of the new buildings to be constructed, especially in the southern part of the expanding city.
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Tollner, Ernest W., and Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin. "International Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Quantity at the Local, Basin, and Regional Scales." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 6 (2017): 1915–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12687.
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Abstract. This article introduces the five papers in the “International Watershed Technology” collection. These papers were selected from 60 technical presentations at the fifth biennial ASABE 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop: Improving the Quality of Water Resources at Local, Basin, and Regional Scales, held in Quito, Ecuador, on 3-9 December 2016. The conference focused on solving spatial and temporal water quality and quantity problems and addressed topics such as watershed management in developing countries, aquatic ecology and ecohydrology, ecosystem services, climate change mitigation strategies, flood forecasting, remote sensing, and water resource policy and management. While diverse, the presentation topics reflected the continuing evolution of the “data mining” and “big data” themes of past conferences related to geospatial data applications, with increasing emphasis on practical solutions. The papers selected for this collection represent applications of spatial data analyses toward practical ends with a theme of “tools and techniques for sustainability.” The papers address a range of topics, including the matching of crops with water availability, and assessing the environmental impacts of agricultural production. The papers identify some of the latest tools and techniques for improving sustainability in watershed resource management that are relevant to both developing and developed countries. Keywords: Data mining, Modeling, Research, Sustainability, Water quality, Water supply.
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PROVENZANO R., FRANCISCO, and RAMIRO BARRIGA-SALAZAR. "Species of Ancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from Ecuador, with the description of a new species from the Amazon River Basin." Zootaxa 4527, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4527.2.4.
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To elucidate the species of the genus Ancistrus that inhabit freshwater systems of Ecuador, cataloged lots of the Fish Collection, Museo de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional (MEPN), in Quito, were analyzed. Four species were identified: Ancistrus alga (Cope, 1872), A. malacops (Cope, 1872), A. clementinae Rendahl, 1937, and a new species that herein is described. Ancistrus clementinae inhabits aquatic systems of the Pacific slope, mostly in the Guayas River drainage. The other three species live in freshwater systems that drain to the Amazon River Basin. Ancistrus alga inhabit the northern and central portions of eastern Ecuador. Ancistrus malacops has a broad distribution from north to south, but is absent from the Santiago River. Both species occasionally live in sympatry. The new species is restricted to the Santiago River, in Morona-Santiago province. Each species has unique external morphological features and/or a coloration pattern that allow unambiguous identification, at least of males. This paper provides a description of the new species, and a re-description and images of the other three.
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Bracchi, P., F. J. Torrijo, A. Boix, M. Cruz Cabrera, and D. Giordanelli. "URBAN AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL ALERT ON THE MORPHOCLIMATIC RISK AFFECTING QUITO’S WORLD HERITAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-825-2020.
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Abstract. The ecological risk attached to the filling of Quito’s ravines, together with the subsequent loss of a memory about their existence, are the focus of this paper which aims to provide a base for both comprehension and action. Ravines are part of the geomorphology of the city’s basin and play a vital role in the hydrogeological system of Quito’s water cycle. They have been filled over time, disappearing from urban maps. This disrupts ravines’ original course and natural drainage system generating risks. An integral multi-scale perspective that considers geomorphological and hydrogeological modifications is missing. Three problematics can be observed. Technical-infrastructural, Urban-spatial and Architectural-cultural. The conjugation of all the phenomena described above, constitutes a call to consciously establish the risk level to which this territory is exposed. The damage goes beyond material or human loss. It affects history, living memory, identity, and knowledge. All these aspects have contributed to the consideration of HCQ (Historical Centre of Quito) as World Heritage Site. These are valuable legacies that need to be preserved. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake a detailed inventory of: i) the technical constructive state of patrimonial buildings made using raw earth; ii) the modifications and current state of DMQ’s (Metropolitan District of Quito) ravines; iii) the existing interstitial spaces associated to the ravines’ path within the HCQ. The paradigm under consideration for the future is not conservation but integral protection. Rescuing Memory in relation to HCQ’s ravines as an active operator for transformative provisions associated to social, environmental, urban and architectonic dimensions becomes fundamental for future development.
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Stephen Athens, J., Jerome V. Ward, Deborah M. Pearsall, Karol Chandler-Ezell, Dean W. Blinn, and Alex E. Morrison. "Early Prehistoric Maize in Northern Highland Ecuador." Latin American Antiquity 27, no. 1 (March 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.27.1.3.
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The discovery of the fully developed Formative sites of Cotocallao (ca. 3750-2350 cal. B.P.) in the Quito Basin and La Chimba (ca. 2650-1700 cal. B.P.) in the northern highlands of Ecuador has raised questions about their cultural antecedents, which have not been resolved despite decades of archaeological work in the region. Paleoenvironmental coring investigations were conducted at Lake San Pablo in northern highland Ecuador to determine the date for the onset of prehistoric maize farming in the temperate highland valleys of this region. The investigations included analysis of lake sediments for pollen, phytoliths, diatoms, and tephra. Maize pollen was identified as early as 4900 cal. B.P., while maize phytoliths dated even earlier, to 6200 or 6600 cal. B.P. These results demonstrate a long history of maize farming in valleys around Lake San Pablo, but in the context of a punctuated record of major and minor volcanic eruptions. It is concluded that early horticultural sites predating Cotocallao and La Chimba must exist, but to find such sites, archaeologists will have to locate and study deeply buried A-horizon soils.
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Escobar-González, Diego, Mélany S. Singaña-Chasi , Juan González-Vergara , Bolívar Erazo , Miguel Zambrano, Darwin Acosta , Marcos Villacís , Mario Guallpa , Braulio Lahuatte, and Diego H. Peluffo-Ordóñez. "Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curve for Extreme Rainfall Event Characterization, in the High Tropical Andes." Water 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14192998.
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In fields such as hydrology, meteorology, and civil engineering, the study of extreme precipitation events is useful to prevent rainfall related disasters. A widely-used practice to address such a problem is by using statistical inferences about precipitation intensity, duration and frequency (IDF). Despite of its great usefulness, the selection of the adequate data and methodology to characterize precipitation’s IDF in the urban area of high-altitude Andean cities remains an open issue for practitioners and decision makers. In this sense, the present paper develops an approach to schematically build the IDF curves for a sub-basin of the study case Andean city, Quito–Ecuador. The here-used data holds information from 12 meteorological stations. Then, the IDF curves are obtained by using both a parametrization followed by a Gamma distribution and a 3-parameter cumulative distribution function, also called mnp. Finally, the curve-fitting process is estimated numerically by adjusting the Sherman equation. Results (average R2=0.9) demonstrated that the framework is well-suited for the high-altitude regime. As a noticeable outcome, a novel spatial interpolation-based analysis is introduced, which enabled the identification of extreme rainfall events according to its duration.
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PROVENZANO R., FRANCISCO, and RAMIRO BARRIGA S. "The species of Hemiancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Ecuador." Zootaxa 4272, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.2.4.
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At the Fish Collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, three species traditionally grouped in the genus Hemiancistrus were identified: H. annectens (Regan 1904), H. landoni Eigenmann 1916, and a new specie described here. The new species inhabits exclusively in the Esmeraldas River Basin, Pacific slope, northwestern Ecuador. It is easily recognized by the completely naked abdomen, with rounded, dark spots, and a different color pattern on the dorsal and caudal fins. A comparative analysis of bones related to the opercular mobility, shows important differences between H. annectens, H. landoni, and the new species, suggesting that H. annectens does not belong to the genus Hemiancistrus or the Ancistrini group. According to the characteristics observed in these bones, H. annectens shows greater similarity to those reported in species of the Hypostomini group, supporting its inclusion in this group, but placing it in the genus Hypostomus requires further analysis. On the other hand, the conditions observed on the bones of Hemiancistrus landoni and the new species suggest that both are inside of the Ancistrini group. The new species is placed in the genus Hemiancistrus tentatively, pending future analysis.
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Provenzano-Rizzi, FRANCISCO, and RAMIRO BARRIGA-SALAZAR. "New finding of Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): redescription of the genus and description of a new species from Ecuador." Zootaxa 4779, no. 4 (May 21, 2020): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.2.
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The fish collection from the Museum of Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador, has nine lots with 12 specimens assigned to genus Rhadinoloricaria. Specimens come from the Napo and Pastaza rivers, Amazon River basin, eastern Ecuador. One specimen matches accurately with figures and original description of Loricaria macromystax Günther, 1869, type species of Rhadinoloricaria. After 150 years, this is the first secure identification of the species, which allowed an accurate description of the genus Rhadinoloricaria, and the discovery of a new species from Ecuador, described herein. In addition, using available specimens, figures and literature, a comparative analysis on external morphology was performed among the eight species included in Rhadinoloricaria. The analysis documented significant differences between them, in some morphological external characters and in buccal ornamentation. The results suggest that the eight species can be grouped into three or four genera. Rhadinoloricaria, in strict sense, has two species. Apistoloricaria is considered a valid genus, and include the four species previously assigned to it. Rhadinoloricaria bahuaja and R. rhami do not belong to the known genera in the Pseudohemiodon group. At this time, available data suggests that both species could continue included in ‘Rhadinoloricaria’, waiting further analyses to solve their generic status. Results support the use of buccal ornamentation patterns alone or combined with some morphological characters as valuable tool for generic identification within Loricariini.
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Simara Barbosa, Gesiane, Ronaldo Medeiros dos Santos, Vinícius Orlandi Barbosa Lima, Marcelo Rossi Vicente, and Tábata Ritchielle Mendes Martins. "AVALIAÇÃO DE ÁREAS ELEGÍVEIS À IMPLANTAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE MDL FLORESTAIS NA BACIA DO RIO PARDO, EM MINAS GERAIS." Nativa 9, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v9i1.11173.
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No Protocolo de Quito, ratificado em 1997, foi proposto um instrumento de mitigação climática - o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) - em que países desenvolvidos podem cumprir suas metas de redução de emissões financiando projetos florestais em países em desenvolvimento. O ponto de partida consiste na avaliação do potencial de sequestro de CO2 de áreas elegíveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de sequestro CO2 e de geração de créditos de carbono na bacia do Rio Pardo, MG, a partir de projetos de MDL florestais. A metodologia consistiu no mapeamento das áreas elegíveis à implantação de projetos, via análise multitemporal de imagens orbitais, e na simulação de cenários de restauração florestal e reflorestamento com eucalipto. Para restauração florestal, o potencial de sequestro de CO2 foi de, aproximadamente, 10.215.818 Mg, em 20 anos, podendo gerar mais de US$102 milhões em créditos de carbono. Para reflorestamento, o potencial de sequestro de CO2 foi de, aproximadamente, 12.000.000 Mg, em seis anos, e geraria cerca de US$120.000.000. Um cenário misto foi considerado o ideal para a bacia e a metodologia adotada é viável para avaliação em caráter prospectivo, podendo ser consolidada com a utilização de parâmetros locais de biomassa. Palavras-chave: mudanças climáticas; florestas; sequestro de carbono; geoprocessamento. Evaluation of eligible areas for forest CDM projects implementation in the Pardo River basin, in Minas Gerais, Brazil ABSTRACT: An instrument for climate changes mitigation was proposed in Kyoto Protocol, ratified in 1997 – the Clean Development Mechanism – CDM – through which developed countries can meet their emission reduction goals by forestry projects financing in developing countries. For this, the starting point is to assess the CO2 sequestration potential of the eligible areas. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the CO2 sequestration potential and carbon credits generation through forestry CDM projects in the Pardo river basin, Minas Gerais state. The methodology consisted of mapping the eligible and suitable areas for projects implementation, through orbital images multitemporal analysis, and the simulation of forest restoration and reforestation scenarios with eucalyptus species. For forest restoration projects, the CO2 sequestration potential is about 10,215,818 Mg, in 20 years, which could generate more than US $ 102,000,000 in carbon credits. For reforestation, the CO2 sequestration potential is about 12,000,000 Mg in six years, and would generate about US $ 120,000,000. A mixed scenario, with projects in both modalities, was considered ideal for the basin and the proposed methodology is feasible for prospective evaluation, and can be consolidated using local biomass parameters. Keywords: climatic change; forests; carbon sequestration; geoprocessing.
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Filipescu, Sorin, and Angela Miclea. "Elphidium tongaense (Cushman 1931), a quite old Recent foraminifer." Micropaleontology 67, no. 4 (2021): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.67.4.05.
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The late middleMiocene microfossil assemblages from the easternmost Pannonian Basin in Romania preserve numerous evolute and deformed specimens of Elphidium, which are assigned to the Recent species E. tongaense (Cushman 1931) originally described from the Pacific. Ourmaterial suggests that the origin of the species is back in the middle Miocene, when amarine connection between the Paratethys and the Indo-Pacific regions probably existed.
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Anderson, Norman H. "Functional memory requires a quite different value metaphor." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0004214x.
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AbstractThe function of memory is to allow past experience to subserve present goal-oriented thought and action. The defining characteristic of goal-oriented approach/avoidance is value. Value lies beyond the reproductive conception of memory that is basic to both metaphors discussed in Koriat & Goldsmith's target article. Functional memory requires a quite different metaphor, for which a grounded theory is available.
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Quiroga, Carlos Raul, Adriana Vallania, and Beatriz Elena Rosso de Ferradás. "Structure and distribution of Hydrachnidia (Parasitengona-Acari) in the sub-basin of the Grande River (Superior Basin of Quinto River. San Luis-Argentina)." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 22, no. 3 (2010): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/actalb.02203005.
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Kochańczyk-Bonińska, Karolina. "Basil the Great’s references to Eunomius." Vox Patrum 68 (December 16, 2018): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3335.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of Eunomius’ Liber Apologetius and Basil of Cesarea’s Adversus Eunomium. As a result, we can discover that Basil wrote his treatise as a typical refutation and is quite precise when referring to Eunomius. Despite some omissions that can be explained basing on the structure of The Eunomian work or historical context, we can find one important omission which is strongly connected with one of the most important topics of the anti-Eunomian polemic. Although Basil pretends to comment Eunomius’ Liber Apologeticus systematically, he deliberately skips one of the most important elements of his adversary’s teaching.
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Yoshida, M., S. R. Pant, P. C. Adhikary, V. Dangol, and S. Shrestha. "Geophysical study of land subsidence: example from Pokhara basin." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 34 (October 9, 2006): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v34i0.31888.
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Land subsidence is a serious problem in the Pokhara city and surrounding wide areas consisting of recent debris flow deposits. Owing to their calcareous matrix the debris flow deposits are more-or-less well cemented, even though their age ranges just from 12,000 to 700 years BP. There are numerous caves and caverns in these deposits. To investigate the danger of subsidence, ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography were employed to detect and map the caves and caverns. The results are quite encouraging and the above methods are found to be quite effective in formulating the control measures to the land subsidence hazard.
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Whittington, Dale. "Visions of Nile basin development." Water Policy 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0001.
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This paper describes five alternative visions for cooperative Nile development in the hope that they will assist the Nile riparian countries in their search for both a consensus vision and sound development projects. These five alternate visions [(1) Century Storage Plus, (2) Water for Peace, (3) Southern Lights, (4) The Green Nile, and (5) Economic Partners on the Nile] are intentionally stylized to make them easy to understand and remember. There is a common thread tying all five of these alternative visions together: the desire of all riparian countries for peace and economic development. Each of the five visions describes a peaceful future in which its proponents believe economic prosperity will flourish. One of the advantages of thinking explicitly about these alternative visions is that comparisons can reveal surprising compromises - or coalitions - that may become possible between Nile riparian countries even though some members of the political leadership in the riparian countries may still hold quite different ideas about the way to achieve cooperative development.
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Herrera, Olga, and Mireya Frausto. "Violencia escolar y mediación pedagógica en estudiantes de educación básica." Revista Innova Educación 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 438–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35622/j.rie.2021.02.010.es.
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La violencia escolar es un tema muy complejo e interesante, debido a que ha permeado a la sociedad a través de la historia de la escolaridad. Se diseñó una estrategia para prevenir futuros desencuentros en los niños y niñas del grado quinto del colegio Marco Antonio Franco Rodríguez de Villavicencio, Colombia. Para la investigación se utilizó una metodología de tipo mixta, cualitativo y cuantitativo, se recolectó la información a través de una entrevista y una encuesta dirigidas a los estudiantes, mostrando como resultados que la problemática que más se repite es la burla en clase, el robo de cosas y agresiones físicas en el salón. Se puede concluir que la mediación es una oportunidad de cambio sin que haya perdedores, e invita a fomentar el diálogo y la escucha.
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Soper, N. J., and A. K. Higgins. "Thin-skinned structures at the basin-shelf transition in North Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 126 (December 31, 1985): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v126.7914.
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Description is given of the structural pattern in the southern part of the North Greenland fold belt between northern Nyeboe Land and Adolf Jensen Fjord. The structures prove to be of thin-skinned fold-and-thrust type with southeriy vergence, quite distinct from that of the north-verging, multiply deforrned orthotectonic zone to the north.
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HROMOVA, Olga, Anastasiia Abdullaieva, and Anna SHEVCHUK. "CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISE’S EXPORT POTENTIAL." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 310, no. 5(1) (September 29, 2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-310-5(1)-5.
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The effective operation of any company in the market is necessarily related to the analysis of consumer behavior. At the time of constant transformational changes in society, unpredictable risks that arise in the country, the question of understanding the theory of consumer behavior and the possibility of influencing it with the help of available resources is relevant. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of consumer behavior and the main elements that influence the customer’s choice, as well as how to correct behavior and minimize losses during a crisis and martial law. The development of society inevitably affects consumers, their needs are transformed, improved, and costs to satisfy these needs increase. Therefore, consumer behavior is changing and companies need to adapt to new conditions. The process of making purchase decisions, as a rule, takes place under the influence of various factors. This makes appropriate adjustments, facilitates or hinders the adoption of balanced decisions. The main factors that influence purchase decisions. The latest challenge was the coronavirus pandemic, which also affected consumer behavior and made quite a few adjustments. Due to the threat to health and the imposed restrictions, people’s habits, the frequency and places of purchases, the structure and volumes of consumption, the needs of the population and, in general, the behavior of consumers have changed. Now, not only merchandising, but the functioning of the country’s economy in general, satisfaction of consumer needs during the war is an urgent issue. Since the market was quite complicated by the consequences of the pandemic, consumer behavior was strongly influenced by military actions. It is worth noting that even during the war, Ukrainian companies show a high level of customer service that even some European companies cannot provide. Most from the very beginning of the full-scale invasion restored customer support, and later returned, and some even introduced discount systems and personal bonus systems. Government policy was also aimed at supporting users, interest charges, fines and penalties were abolished, which enabled the population to withstand the period of economic shock. In the period of such unpredictable global changes, increased risks, consumer behavior undergoes a noticeable transformation. However, companies constantly monitor the situation and show that they are well aware of the needs of their customers and can adapt to modern trends, thereby supporting the economy of the country and their consumers.
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Bouchelkia, H., F. Belarbi, and B. Remini. "Estimated flows of suspended solids by the statistical analysis of outfall drainage basin of Tafna (Algeria)." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2012-swr.
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The solids transport is a complex phenomenon; the intensity of these phenomena varies greatly with the general environment: geology, degree of rock alteration, hydrology, vegetation, climate, etc. The extent of the phenomenon is out of proportion in semi-arid areas or areas with temperate climates. So Algeria is one of the countries most affected by this phenomenon and its consequences. To enable a rapid response to demands from engineers for the quantification of bed load transport at the outlet of a catchment area, a simple tool easy to implement has been developed. The principle adopted is based on hydrometric data from gauging stations, and seasonal and annual analyses have defined an appropriate method for estimating the sediment yield. The study was conducted by analysis of average flows. The Pierre de Chat Station at the outlet of the Tafna watershed was used for application. The results obtained were quite satisfactory because the correlation coefficients of the model: Q<sub>S</sub> = f (Q) are between 87 and 96%. This method once refined can be generalized to all the watersheds of northern Algeria.
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Molle, François, and Chu Thai Hoanh. "Implementing integrated river basin management in the Red River Basin, Vietnam: a solution looking for a problem?" Water Policy 13, no. 4 (April 23, 2011): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.012.
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Several water policy principles considered to be modern and internationally sanctioned have recently been adopted by Vietnam. This article focuses on the establishment of the Red River Basin Organization but expands its analysis to the wider transformations of the water sector that impinge on the formation and effectiveness of this organization. It shows that the promotion of integrated water resource management icons such as river basin organizations (RBOs) by donors has been quite disconnected from existing institutional frameworks. If policy reforms promoted by donors and development banks have triggered changes, these changes may have come not as a result of the reforms themselves but, rather, due to the institutional confusion they have created when confronted with the emergence of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE). For the MoNRE, the river basin scale became crucial for grounding its legitimacy and asserting its role among the established layers of the administration, while for the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, RBOs became a focal point where power over financial resources and political power might potentially be relocated at its expense. Institutional change is shown to result from the interaction between endogenous processes and external pressures, in ways that are hard to predict.
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Cabrera-Barona, Pablo F., Gualdemar Jimenez, and Pablo Melo. "Types of Crime, Poverty, Population Density and Presence of Police in the Metropolitan District of Quito." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120558.
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This exploratory study identifies spatial patterns of crimes and their associations with the index of Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN), with Communitarian Policy Units (CPU) density, as well as with population density. The case study is the Metropolitan District of Quito. Correlation analyses were applied between number of registers of each type of crime, and the UBN index, CPU density and population density measures. The spatial autocorrelation index of Getis-Ord Gi* was calculated to identify hotspots of the different types of crime. Ordinary least squares regressions and geographically weighted regressions considering types of crime as dependent variables, were calculated. Larceny and robbery were found to be the predominant crimes in the study area. An inverse relationship between the UBN index and number of crimes was identified for each type of crime, while positive relationships were found between crimes and CPU density, and between crimes and population density. Significant hotspots of fraud, homicide, larceny, murder, rape and robbery were found in all urban parishes. Additionally, crime hotspots were identified in eastern rural parishes adjacent to urban parishes. This study provides important implications for crime prevention in the Metropolitan District of Quito (MDQ), and the obtained results contribute to the ecology of crime research in the study area.
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Kessler, Jenő Eugen. "Evolution of Galliformes and their presence in the Carpathian Basin." Ornis Hungarica 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 142–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2019-0021.
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Abstract Due to the number of specimen, their size and weaker flight capabilities they are one of the favorite preys of furred and feathered carnivores. Due to this factor quite a number of skeletal fragments remained and fossilized over millions of years, especially in caves. Their presence in Europe can be traced back to the Eocene, but the majority of finds come from the Neogene and the Quaternary. In the Carpathian Basin they are known since the beginning of the Neogene. The text is complemented with the bibliography concerning the fossilized material, one figure and six table.
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Choi, Moon Seop. "Basic rheology of dermal filler." Archives of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2020.00731.
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Dermal injectables are the most popular material for facial enhancement, including volumizing and wrinkle correction. However, although hyaluronic acid is the most common component of dermal injectables, the character of hyaluronic acid products is quite variable. These materials can be described in terms of their viscoelastic properties using four parameters. In this article, the author would like to describe these properties in detail. Although many physicians consider this material to be convoluted, thoroughly understanding the characteristics of various injectables enables us to tailor procedures accordingly and to enhance the final results.
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Cañar, Carolina, and Dayana Baquero. "Análisis de la Educación Inclusiva: Un enfoque desde la realidad institucional en la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador." Revista Convergencia Educativa, no. 11 (2022): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29035/rce.11.67.
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La Educación Inclusiva permite eliminar las barreras de exclusión social educativa, donde los planteles y sus docentes deben considerar la diversidad presente en la clase, pues existen personas que dependen de una necesidad educativa asociada o no a la discapacidad, de esta manera, es necesario preparar estrategias metodológicas, incentivando el aprendizaje de todos los niños por igual. El propósito del escrito es evidenciar si los centros educativos y sus docentes están preparados para atender a los estudiantes con algún tipo de discapacidad. Por otra parte, los objetivos específicos se basan en indagar la normativa educativa vigente en el país y demostrar la discrepancia que existe entre lo que propone el Estado y lo evidenciado en instituciones fiscales, municipales y particulares de la ciudad de Quito. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 30 docentes y 30 estudiantes de la provincia de Pichincha pertenecientes a instituciones educativas fiscales, municipales y particulares; en donde se registró los datos mediante encuestas. Resultados: se identificó que las instituciones no capacitan al personal docente, asumiendo que 9 de cada 10 escuelas no implementan en sus aulas un equipamiento adecuado y 5 de cada 10 no realizan adaptaciones físicas para atender las NEE de sus estudiantes.
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Karimova, S. "OBSERVING SURFACE CIRCULATION OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN BASIN WITH SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 16, 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-97-2017.
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In this article, the benefits of using satellite imagery of different types (namely thermal infrared, visible-range, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images) for observing surface circulation of marine basins are being discussed. As a region of interest, we use the Western Mediterranean Basin. At first, the areas with sharpest thermal and chlorophyll-a gradients within the region of interest were defined on a seasonal base using the data provided by Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). After that, mesoscale eddies were detected using different sea surface temperature (SST) products and, finally, submesoscale vortices were observed with Envisat Advanced SAR imagery. Thus found locations of eddies were compared with locations of the sharpest fronts discovered in the first part of the study, which showed that the biggest, mostly anticyclonic, eddies tended to correspond to locations of main surface currents; smaller cyclonic eddies were mostly attributed to thermal fronts, while submesoscale eddies were distributed quite homogeneous. The observations performed in that way revealed quite prominent basin-, meso- and submesoscale eddy activity in the region of interest. Additionally, significant seasonal variability in the type of surface water stirring was noted. Thus, the maximum of both meso- and submesoscale eddy activity seems to happen during the warm season, while during winter, presumably due to low Richardson numbers typical for the upper water layer, the turbulent features are still undeveloped and of the smaller spatial scale than during the warm period of year.
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Janjua, Shahmir, Ishtiaq Hassan, Shoaib Muhammad, Saira Ahmed, and Afzal Ahmed. "Water management in Pakistan's Indus Basin: challenges and opportunities." Water Policy 23, no. 6 (October 4, 2021): 1329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2021.068.
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Abstract The Indus River System is a major source of life in Pakistan. A vast array of Pakistan's agricultural and domestic consumption needs are critically dependent on the Indus River System. The Indus River contributes towards 25% of the country's gross domestic product, providing water for almost 90% of the food production in Pakistan. Linked to the water security issues, Pakistan is potentially at risk of facing a severe food shortage in the near future. The World Bank report of 2020–2021 estimates that the water shortage will increase to 32% by 2025, which will result in a food shortage of almost 70 million tons. Water shortage could also result in confrontation between the provinces as river sharing has always been a source of problem for Pakistan. According to recent estimates, siltation and climate change will reduce the water storage capacity by 2025 to almost 30%. As for the per capita water storage capacity in Pakistan, it is about 150 m3, which is quite meagre in comparison with that in other countries. Irrigated agriculture will soon be adversely affected due to the reduced surface water supplies and the consequent increase in groundwater abstraction. To make matters worse, over the past decades, a great deal of distrust has developed among the provinces of Pakistan regarding the water distribution issue, and the successive federal governments have failed to formulate a cohesive inter-provincial National Water Policy. Along with the shortages and increasing demand for water, administrative corruption also plagues the water sector and is quite common. The beneficiaries of this water reallocation system are not only the rural elite, for example the large and politically influential landlords, but also the small and medium capitalist farmers. If not properly addressed, these complications of decreasing water resources could result in serious political and economic hostility among the provinces. If it wants to harness its potential to increase storage capacity, Pakistan must improve its water-use efficiency and manage its groundwater and surface water resources in a sustainable way. Strengthening the institutions and removing mistrust among the provinces are the key elements for maintaining a sustainable irrigated agriculture in the Indus Basin.
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Fesiuk, Vasyl, and Andrij Slusarchuk. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE RIVER OKONKA BASIN AND ITS OPTIMIZATION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.19.
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The impact of economic activity on the environment can best be traced in the scale of small river basins. One of such rivers is the Okonka River, which flows through the territory of the former Manevychi (Kamin-Kashyrskyi according to the new administrative-territorial structure) district. Among the environmental problems of the basin, the most acute are: surface water pollution due to runoff from agricultural fields, livestock farms, unauthorized landfills, etc. Improving the geo-ecological condition of the Okonka River basin on the basis of ecologically safe sustainable development is an urgent problem of the territory's development. The Okonka River Basin is one of the least explored regions of the Volyn Region. Materials from the Regional Office of Water Resources in Volyn Oblast, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Volyn Oblast State Administration, own expeditionary research, cartographic materials, electronic maps (Google Map, OpenStreetMap) and satellite images were used to prepare the publication. Also, more than 20 literature sources and electronic resources, laws and regulations of Ukraine in the field of rational use and protection of water resources were developed. The following methods were used during the research: collection and processing of archival, literary, graphic, cartographic and tabular material, regime quantitative and qualitative observations of river characteristics; field research of channel processes; mathematical and engineering calculations, mathematical modeling, analysis of anthropogenic impact on water resources of the studied region, constructive-geographical method and method of expert assessments. The natural conditions of the basin contribute to the settlement and development of the economy. Particularly favorable are the terrain, climate, inland waters. Within the basin there are 7 objects and territories of the nature reserve fund. The impact of anthropogenic activity on the river basin is quite significant. This is due to intensive agricultural and residential use, the development of drainage reclamation. The level of radiation pollution is assessed as "satisfactory", the use of land resources - "close to normal. The water quality of the Okonka River in the upper line (leak) is assessed by the second class of the third category (water is quite good in quality, quite clean in purity). The environmental index is 2.92. Environmental protection measures are proposed to improve the geoecological condition of the river basin. The complex of environmental protection measures should include: development of a local eco-network; creation of new and expansion of the network of existing nature reserves; improvement of the situation with waste management, elimination of spontaneous dumps; monitoring of soils to protect them from degradation and pollution; monitoring of surface waters in order to protect them from depletion and pollution; an inventory of drainage systems in order to establish the feasibility of further use in agricultural separate areas, the allocation of parts of the drainage systems that can be renaturalized in the future; prevention of peat and forest fires.
Key words: river, river basin, geological condition of the river basin, geographical features of the basin, ecological assessment of river water quality, measures to improve the geoecological condition of the basin.
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Dijkstra, Arie, Hein De Vries, Jolanda Roijackers, and Gerard van Breukelen. "Tailoring information to enhance quitting in smokers with low motivation to quit: Three basic efficacy questions." Health Psychology 17, no. 6 (1998): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.17.6.513.
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Blake, Eric S., and William M. Gray. "Prediction of August Atlantic Basin Hurricane Activity." Weather and Forecasting 19, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1044–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/814.1.
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Abstract Although skillful seasonal hurricane forecasts for the Atlantic basin are now a reality, large gaps remain in our understanding of observed variations in the distribution of activity within the hurricane season. The month of August roughly spans the first third of the climatologically most active part of the season, but activity during the month is quite variable. This paper reports on an initial investigation into forecasting year-to-year variability of August tropical cyclone (TC) activity using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis dataset. It is shown that 55%–75% of the variance of August TC activity can be hindcast using a combination of 4–5 global predictors chosen from a 12-predictor pool with each of the predictors showing precursor associations with TC activity. The most prominent predictive signal is the equatorial July 200-mb wind off the west coast of South America. When this wind is anomalously strong from the northeast during July, Atlantic TC activity in August is almost always enhanced. Other July conditions associated with active Augusts include a weak subtropical high in the North Atlantic, an enhanced subtropical high in the northwest Pacific, and low pressure in the Bering Sea region. The most important application of the August-only forecast is that predicted net tropical cyclone (NTC) activity in August has a significant relationship with the incidence of U.S. August TC landfall events. Better understanding of August-only TC variability will allow for a more complete perspective of total seasonal variability and, as such, assist in making better seasonal forecasts.
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Vasileva, I. V. "Contents of germanium in coal seams Lviv-Volyn basin and Donbas." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2019.3.11-14.
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The main source of germanium sequestration in Ukraine is coal. According to modern requirements, the content of germanium in coal should be more than 10 g/t (air-dry weight), in coking - 3 g/t. Germanium can be obtained from mine water and coal rocks, as well. In Ukraine, germanium carbonate rocks are distributed in the sediments of the Lviv-Volyn and Donetsk basins. The distribution of germanium in the rocks of coal basins is different and rarely obeys laws. All coal layers tested are more or less germanium. Tectonic disturbances had no controlling effect on the accumulation and spread of germanium in the coal basin. The highest content of germanium is found in the central and western parts of the Donetsk coal basin district. The search and reconnaissance work on germanium has been widely disseminated since 1954. The work was carried out at various mineral deposits in order to identify raw materials for the related extraction of germanium. The degree of study and industrial development of these areas are different. The content of germanium in the coal of different layers varies in a wide range. Germanium is used in many industries and demand for it is constantly increasing. The scope of the metal is quite wide; it is used for the manufacture of transistors and circuits, for engineering and electronics. Radar installations use thin germanium films that are pre-applied to the glass substrate. The subsequent withdrawal of germanium is one way to improve the economic performance of the coal industry. Concomitant extraction of germanium from coal, products of its processing and mine waters of Donbass is now quite realistic and can help to increase the profitability of coal enterprises.
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Cartelle Gestal, Monica, Jeannete Zurita, Gabriela Gualpa, Cecibel Gonzalez, and Ariane Paz y Mino. "Early detection and control of an Acinetobacter baumannii multi-resistant outbreak in a hospital in Quito, Ecuador." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 1294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7544.
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Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii (ABA) is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with high mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs). An outbreak in the ICU of a secondary-level hospital in Quito, Ecuador, occurred during April and May 2015 and was successfully controlled. Methodology: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and repetitive element palindromic (REP)-PCR was conducted on all isolates recovered from patients, as well as environmental samples, to confirm the presence of an outbreak. A case-control study was conducted by comparing the clinical histories of the affected patients and of control patients present in the ICU during the outbreak period who did not present a positive culture for ABA. Results: Five patients were infected and two were colonized with the same clonal strain of ABA, which was also identified on the stethoscope and a monitor associated with an isolation room. Statistical analysis of case histories did not identify any additional risk factors, but the outbreak was initiated by one patient in the isolation room of the ICU who was infected with the outbreak strain. All patients who ocupied that room after the index case tested positive for at least one culture of ABA. The outbreak strain was found on the stethoscope, and a subclone was found on the monitor of that room. Conclusion: Having access to basic equipment will enable well-trained professionals to rapidly detect and initiate the control process of an outbreak, saving lives and money spent on nosocomial infection treatments.
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Xu, Y., and A. E. Mynett. "Application of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in river basin management." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.006.
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Considering uncertainty in the decision-making process in river basin management is important because uncertainty is regarded as one of the main obstacles to sound decision-making. In case of high uncertainty, the risks of making a wrong decision could be quite high, which may have severe consequences. This paper applies a screening sensitivity analysis method, the Morris method, to investigate the propagation of uncertainty from factors in a flood damage model into the model outputs and explores the importance of factors based on the sensitivity analysis. Uncertainty reduction in the most influential factors identified by the Morris method is proposed as a means to reduce the uncertainty in model outputs. In this way the risks of making a wrong decision could be reduced. The results in this paper show that the Morris method is an efficient approach to help reduce the uncertainty in model outputs.
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Alvarado Ramírez, Karla, and Víctor Pumisacho Álvaro. "Prácticas de mejora continua, con enfoque Kaizen, en empresas del distrito metropolitano de Quito: Un estudio exploratorio." Intangible Capital 13, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.901.
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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the practice of continuous improvement in medium and large manufacturing companies and services of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ); examine the benefits and difficulties in sustaining continuous improvement; and, to study the participation of the different hierarchical organizational levels in the practice of continuous improvement.Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory study was conducted. They were selected, medium and large companies, both manufacturing and services of the DMQ. Qualitative methods used to obtain the data were: direct observation, document analysis and interviews with semi-structured depth.Findings: The results show a preference for the use of simpler techniques to identify and solve problems such as the seven basic quality tools. Within this article describes in detail the enhancers and barriers that are presented in the maintenance of continuous improvement.Research limitations/implications: This article uses a qualitative methodology, so their results cannot be generalized, can only be referenced using the specific context of the companies studied.Practical implications: The study aims to have an analytical contribution. The results show economic benefits and for the human resource, considering mainly the minimization of unnecessary processes and the opportunity of professional development that is offered to the personnel, important data for those people involved in projects of continuous improvement in DMQ companies.Social implications: The conclusions have important implications for research. Continuous improvement should take into account not only economic benefits but also human factors, same that can influence the quality of life of workers.Originality/value: The paper presents empirical contributions for the literature by exposing of the implementation of the Kaizen concept in the Latin American context, Quito - Ecuador.
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Li, Dong, Ding Yuan, Marcel Goossens, Tom Van Doorsselaere, Wei Su, Ya Wang, Yang Su, and Zongjun Ning. "Ultra-long and quite thin coronal loop without significant expansion." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038433.
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Context. Coronal loops are the basic building blocks of the solar corona. They are related to the mass supply and heating of solar plasmas in the corona. However, their fundamental magnetic structures are still not well understood. Most coronal loops do not expand significantly, but the diverging magnetic field would have an expansion factor of about 5−10 over one pressure scale height. Aims. We investigate a unique coronal loop with a roughly constant cross section. The loop is ultra long and quite thin. A coronal loop model with magnetic helicity is presented to explain the small expansion of the loop width. Methods. This coronal loop was predominantly detectable in the 171 Å channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA). Then, the local magnetic field line was extrapolated within a model of the potential field source-surface. Finally, the differential emission measure analysis made from six AIA bandpasses was applied to obtain the thermal properties of this loop. Results. This coronal loop has a projected length of roughly 130 Mm, a width of about 1.5 ± 0.5 Mm, and a lifetime of about 90 min. It follows an open magnetic field line. The cross section expanded very little (i.e., 1.5−2.0) along the loop length during its whole lifetime. This loop has a nearly constant temperature at about 0.7 ± 0.2 MK, but its density exhibits the typical structure of a stratified atmosphere. Conclusions. We use the theory of a thin twisted flux tube to construct a model for this nonexpanding loop and find that with sufficient twist, a coronal loop can indeed attain equilibrium. However, we cannot rule out other possibilities such as footpoint heating by small-scale reconnection or an elevated scale height by a steady flow along the loop.
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Carbonaro, Fábio Augusto, Jeanninny Carla Comniskey, Heloísa Stok Corral, and Renato Pirani Ghilardi. "Orbiculoidea baini and Orbiculoidea excentrica (Brachiopoda, Discinidae) from the Middle Devonian (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin) of Caiapônia, Goiás (Brazil)." Geologia USP. Série Científica 18, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v18-137847.
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The Devonian brachiopods from Goiás (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin) present records in the cities of Caiapônia, Amorinópolis, and Doverlândia. However, most of the papers only mention the presence of these fossils in these areas, without any taxonomic description. Thus, our aim was to describe the discinoids Orbiculoidea baini, Orbiculoidea excentrica, and Orbiculoidea sp. found in Caiapônia city. These discinoids were preserved in assemblage, instigating a simplified taphonomic approach. The fossils were found parallel to bedding planes in a poorly package assemblage. Most of them are entire and unarticulated. Although in smaller numbers, several fragmented individuals were also found (some quite fragmented). Therefore, the material was transported configuring a parautochthonous to allochthonous taphocenosis. Another interesting aspect is the decreased size of the brachiopods, which were preserved in sandstone lens on the top of a siltstone layer that overlap black shales of the Early Givetian age. These features can be related to the Lilliput Effect, due to the preserved discinoids present both in adult and juvenile forms. The Lilliput Effect resulted from a biotic crisis (KAČÁK Event) that occurred in the Eifelian-Givetian. This is the first piece of evidence of this effect in the Devonian of Goiás (Alto Garças Sub-basin, Paraná Basin).
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Alegre, Estibaliz, Roberta Rizzo, Daria Bortolotti, Sara Fernandez-Landázuri, Enrico Fainardi, and Alvaro González. "Some Basic Aspects of HLA-G Biology." Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/657625.
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Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a low polymorphic nonclassical HLA-I molecule restrictively expressed and with suppressive functions. HLA-G gene products are quite complex, with seven HLA-G isoforms, four membrane bound, and other three soluble isoforms that can suffer different posttranslational modifications or even complex formations. In addition, HLA-G has been described included in exosomes. In this review we will focus on HLA-G biochemistry with special emphasis to the mechanisms that regulate its expression and how the protein modifications affect the quantification in biological fluids.
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Graves, Robert W., and Robert W. Clayton. "Modeling path effects in three-dimensional basin structures." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820010081.
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Abstract Path effects for seismic wave propagation within three-dimensional (3-D) basin structures are analyzed using a reciprocal source experiment. In this experiment, a numerical simulation is performed in which a point source is excited at a given location and then the wave field is propagated and recorded throughout a 3-D grid of points. Using the principle of reciprocity, source and receiver locations are reversed. This allows the modeling of path effects into a particular observation site for all possible source locations using only one simulation. The numerical technique is based on the use of paraxial extrapolators and currently tracks only acoustic waves. However, the method is capable of handling arbitrary media variations; thus, effects due to focusing, diffraction, and the generation of multiple reflections and refractions are modeled quite well. The application of this technique to model path effects for local earthquakes recorded at stations in the Los Angeles area of southern California indicates the strong influence of the 3-D crustal basins of this region on the propagation of seismic energy. The modeling results show that the Los Angeles, San Fernando, and San Gabriel basins create strong patterns of focusing and defocusing for paths into these stations from various source locations. These simulations correlate well with earthquake data recorded at both stations. By comparing these calculations with earthquake data, we can begin to evaluate the importance of these basin effects on observed patterns of strong ground motions.
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Guzmán Rodríguez, Alvaro, Gabriela Mejía Gómez, Vinicio Velásquez Zambrano, and Ramiro Rosón Mesa. "Enseñanza de dimensionamiento lumínico natural en latitud cero: El caso de la ciudad de Quito = Natural illumination teaching on latitude zero: The case of study of city of Quito." Advances in Building Education 3, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/abe.2019.2.3990.
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ResumenLa Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, a través de su escuela de Arquitectura, plantea la sostenibilidad como uno de los ejes fundamentales del aprendizaje, desde la conciencia de la grave situación ambiental que el excesivo consumo de energía en las edificaciones provoca a nivel global. En este sentido, la iluminación natural (IN) y su aprovechamiento constituyen un aspecto imprescindible para el diseño de espacios interiores, dado que no solo brindan confort y salud, sino que también influyen directamente sobre el comportamiento de las personas y el consumo de energía. El clima y las condiciones físicas de un emplazamiento afectan a la incidencia de la IN, definiendo la forma en que se construye la arquitectura local.La ciudad de Quito, emplazada sobre los 2850 msnm en latitud 0° y encajonada en la cordillera de los Andes, cuenta con unas condiciones de incidencia solar particulares, debido al dinamismo de las condiciones de cobertura y densidad de la nubosidad. Sin embargo, en la actualidad todavía son escasos los diseños arquitectónicos en la ciudad que consideran de forma técnica aspectos de IN. La normativa vigente en materia de arquitectura solo contempla de forma superficial algunos aspectos y recomendaciones para el diseño de espacios arquitectónicos interiores que fomentan y fortalecen la utilización de la IN.En este caso, la metodología aplicada consiste en un trabajo grupal de investigación, en el que los estudiantes adquieren nociones fundamentales de bioclimática aplicada a la arquitectura, climatología local, incidencia e importancia de la luz directa y difusa en la arquitectura, geometría solar y dinamismo de las sombras a través del tiempo. El objetivo es aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en un caso de estudio, conjugando las siguientes variables: destino de uso del espacio, orientación y tiempo predominante de utilización de este. Estas variables se analizan en un aplicativo modificable simplificado de estudio de IN para Quito, en el que se consideran las características físicas de la ciudad, permitiendo al diseñador determinar el tamaño adecuado de las aperturas verticales acristaladas, adaptándolas a la realidad de las condiciones climáticas de la ciudad, al espacio específico y su uso. De este modo, los estudiantes pueden visualizar de forma clara si las aperturas planteadas generarán en el usuario sensaciones de penumbra, confort o deslumbramiento, así como los períodos horarios en que se dan estas condiciones.Considerando las características climatológicas y físicas de Quito, el predimensionamiento lumínico natural ayuda a arquitectos y diseñadores, inclusive en etapa de pregrado, a generar espacios arquitectónicos coherentes y contextualizados desde el punto de vista de la IN y que permitan maximizar su uso y reducir el consumo de energía. Este proceso refuerza la importancia que tiene el planteamiento de acristalamientos en arquitectura en altura y latitud 0. Se establecen además las orientaciones de aperturas acristaladas más y menos favorables para Quito, así como los rangos horarios de mayor y menor incidencia y variabilidad de radiación solar, todo lo cual podría ser incluido en normas técnicas sobre diseño arquitectónico para la ciudad de Quito. Por último, se determinan los periodos temporales con mayor probabilidad de cielos despejados, semi-cubiertos y cubiertos, los cuales afectan especialmente a la incidencia de luz solar en un espacio interior.AbstractThe Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, at its School of Architecture, considers sustainability as one of the essential points of learning, in the awareness of the severe environmental crisis which excessive energy consumption in buildings causes worldwide. In this sense, natural illumination (NI) and its use constitute an indispensable aspect in interior design, because it not only provides comfort and welfare, but also influences directly people’s behaviour and energy consumption. The weather and the physical conditions of a location affect the incidence of NI, defining the way which the local architecture is built in.The city of Quito, placed at 2,850 meters above the sea level at 0° latitude and squeezed in the Andes mountain range, shows particular conditions of solar incidence, due the dynamic conditions of sky coverage and cloud density. However, nowadays the architectural designs which consider aspects related to NI on a technical basis are still scarce. The current regulations on architecture only contemplate superficially some features and recommendations for architectural design of interiors which encourage and strengthen the importance of NI.The methodology applied consists in a group of research, where students acquire basic notions related to bioclimatic applied to architecture, local climatology, incidence and importance of direct and diffuse natural lighting, solar geometry and dynamism of shades along the time. The aim is to apply the knowledge acquired in case of study, conjugating the following variables: main use of space, space orientation and predominant schedule of use. These variables are analysed in a simplified modifiable application of a NI study developed for Quito, where the physical characteristics of the city are considered, allowing the designer to determinate the appropriate size of windows, adapting them to the reality of the weather conditions of the city, the specific space and its use. In this way, students are enabled to visualize clearly if the proposed openings will generate sensations of gloom, comfort or glare in the user, as well as the time zones when those lighting conditions affect the space.Considering the physical and climatological characteristics of Quito, natural luminic pre-sizing helps architects and designers, even in the undergraduate stage, to generate architectural spaces coherent and contextualized from the NI perspective, which allow to maximize its use and decrease energy consumption. This process reinforces the importance and implications which has the location of clear openings in highlands located at 0° latitude. Besides, it establishes the most and less favourable orientations for glazed openings in Quito, as well as the time zones with major and minor conditions of solar radiation incidence and variability; which all could be included in technical regulations on architectural design for the city of Quito. Finally, it determines time zones with major and minor probability of clear, semi-covered and covered skies, which specially affect sunlight incidence in an interior space.
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Cheng, Hai Yan, Yin Sheng Ma, Cheng Ming Yin, and Yuan Yuan Yang. "Upper Carboniferous Shale Gas Potential Analysis in Eastern Qaidam Basin, Northwestern China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1425.
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Shale of rich organic matter presents in Upper Carboniferous in Qaidam Basin, Northwest of China. Carboniferous shale thickness is between 100 ~ 300m in the Qaidam Basin, the shale includes silty mudstone shale, calcareous mudstone, shale and carbonaceous shale, and it is very favorable lithology type for shale gas. According to the shale organic geochemical analysis, the abundance of organic matter reaching the middle - good degree of hydrocarbon source rocks; the type of organic matter is mainly II2 and III type. The maturity of organic matter is mainly between 1 % -1.3 %. The Upper Carboniferous shale thermal evolution is in mature oil and gas stage. The Upper Carboniferous hydrocarbon-rich shale distribute stability, with great thickness. Shale gas potential in Upper Carboniferous is quite large.
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Anas, Zhafran, and Agus Budiman. "EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN PEKERJAAN DASAR TEKNIK OTOMOTIF KELAS X TKRO DI SMK NEGERI 1 SEDAYU." Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Otomotif 2, no. 2 (October 5, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpvo.v2i2.33561.
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This research is to find out the Automotive Engineering Basic Work learning program at SMK Negeri 1 Sedayu focused on: context: learning planning; input: teacher, students, and infrastructure; process: media, methods, learning resources, and learning steps; product: student learning outcomes. Includes descriptive CIPP research models (context, input, process, product) evaluation. The results of the study note that the learning program Basic Automotive Engineering Work in SMK Negeri 1 Sedayu in terms of: context: the learning objectives of the PDTO learning program are in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum and not all basic competencies can be conveyed to students; input: PDTO teachers are undergraduate (S1) majoring in Mechanical Engineering Education and have educator certification, student motivation is quite good (46.296%), good classroom facilities and infrastructure (63.634%), and PDTO practice tools are very good (86.318%); process: the use of learning media is quite good (35.185%), the use of learning media is quite good (37.963%), the use of learning resources is quite good (37.963%), and the implementation of learning steps is very good (100%); product: the percentage of students completeness 41.667% and 54.630%.
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Xu, Gui Xi, Shu Zhong Wang, Xiang Rong Luo, and Ze Feng Jing. "Investigation on Jurassic Shale Gas Reservoir Characteristics from Northern Qaidam Basin." Key Engineering Materials 748 (August 2017): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.748.441.
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The Jurassic continental shale from northern Qaidam basin was selected as the research object, through the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption experiment, the mineral composition and pore structure characteristics of Jurassic continental shale from the northern Qaidam basin have been investigated in detail. All shale samples studied are quite rich in clay minerals. The clay mineral content ranges from 59.8% to 83.3% with an average of 74.6%, and the brittle mineral content accounts for 16.5% to 39.3%. Nitrogen adsorption test results indicate that for mesopores and macropores of shale samples the average pore width is 2~200 nm, mainly centering on 10~50 nm, and the micropores of the shale samples have a centralized distribution of 0.5~1 nm. The shale samples show high specific surface areas of 4.6~15.2 m2/g. According to SEM results, interparticle mineral matrix pores are main pore type and slit-type pore are well developed.
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Drinia, Hara. "Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Oligocene Afales Basin, Ithaki island, western Greece." Open Geosciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10085-009-0001-z.
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AbstractAssemblages of benthic foraminifera from one clastic succession in the Afales Basin (Ithaki Island, western Greece) were investigated to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Oligocene. The section consists of alternating hemipelagic marls and detrital deposits, designated as flysch-like beds, attributed to biostratigraphic Zones P20 and P21. Planktic percentages are mostly high (66–80%). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages comprise calcareous and agglutinated taxa (up to 15%). The prevalence of epifaunal foraminifera indicates good ventilation of the bottom water resulting from basin morphology, which enabled the undisturbed flow of water throughout the basin. Palaeodepth estimates imply bathyal deposition, from about 800 to 1200 m deep. The benthic foraminiferal fauna is of high diversity along the section, as is expected in deep marine environments. The abundances of the most common foraminiferal taxa (Cibicidoides spp., Oridorsalis umbonatus, Gyroidinoides spp., Stilostomella spp., Nodosariidae, Nuttallides umbonifera) are quite variable and imply generally oligotrophic to mesotrophic environmental conditions with variable organic flux.
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Hirata, Akira, and Motoharu Noguchi. "Biological wastewater treatment by three-phase fluidization - characteristics and basic design method." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 11 (December 1, 1994): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0549.
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A three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor is expected to treat wastewater quite efficiently, because the reactor has large specific surface area of biofilm, and oxygen for the biodegradation is simultaneously supplied from gas to liquid with oxygen consumption for biooxidation. However the reactor design and operation had been quite difficult particularly with a plug flow type fluidized bed, because of complicated behavior in the reactor. This paper concerns the current research work by the authors in focusing on the following characteristics and basic design method: (1) Behavior of biofilm immobilization on particulate media, fluidization of immobilized biofilm media and characteristics of oxygen absorption and substrates biodegradation. (2) Characteristics of biological treatment by immobilized biofilm. (3) Basic design method of a plug flow type three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor.
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Bauluz, B., A. Yuste, M. J. Mayayo, A. B. Rodríguez-Navarro, and J. M. González-López. "Microtexture and genesis of clay minerals from a turbiditic sequence in a Southern Pyrenees foreland basin (Jaca basin, Eocene)." Clay Minerals 47, no. 3 (September 2012): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.3.02.
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AbstractA set of fine-grained samples from a turbiditic sequence in a Southern Pyrenees foreland basin (Jaca Basin, Eocene) were studied to determine the influence of tectonics (Pyrenean Orogeny) on phyllosilicate recrystallization and infer the grade and basin maturity. The samples from four different outcrops were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with special emphasis on clay-mineral characterization (e.g.illitic phases). The analysed samples have simple mineral assemblages and consist of detrital quartz, albite and calcite, scarce clay matrix (mainly illite with chlorite), and calcite and dolomite cement. The lack of other phyllosilicates such as mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S), pyrophyllite, Na-micas, or kaolin minerals is quite remarkable. On the SEM scale, samples (with marl composition) have poorly sorted textures and high detrital contents. In many cases they show bedding and/or cleavage, and in some cases neither is observed. Most of the clay-sized illites show very similar crystallinity and b0 values (determined by XRD) and distributions of crystallite thickness (measured by TEM) in all the outcrops, which is typical of late-diagenesis illites forming under low-pressure conditions. These illites are parallel (or subparallel) to bedding or randomly orientated. They are also characterized by disordered polytypes and low K contents. In some TEM images, a second type of illite has been observed. This secondary illite occurs parallel to cleavage, with thicker crystals (25–35 layers), K contents in the interlayer, and a 2M1 polytype. The pole figure analysis shows that most of the clays have (00l) planes parallel (or subparallel) to bedding although there are abundant clays with random orientation. There is no trend in the clay orientation/disorientation from the south to the north of the basin. All the data indicate that the strain rate associated with the Pyrenean Orogeny has not been recorded in the turbidite sequence controlling the relative orientation of clays, although anchizonal clay crystallization is favoured as a minor process.
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Šimunek, Zbynek, and Izabela Ploch. "The New flora from the Permian of the Intrasudetic Basin, Poland." Geologia Croatica 75, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.18.
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A floral assemblage was collected from a new Polish locality (Janików) situated on the Czech- Polish border in the Intrasudetic Basin. It was found in the lower Permian (Asselian) Ruprechtice Horizon, of the Olivětín Member, Broumov Formation. The plant fossils were usually fragmentary, and the following taxa were determined: Alloiopteris aff. erosa, Nemejcopteris feminaeformis, Senftenbergia sp., Lobatopteris sp., Sphenopteris sp., Cyathocarpus cf. densifolius, Lobatopteris cf. geinitzii, Lobatopteris nov. sp., Dicksoniites cf. plukenetii, Autunia conferta, Cordaites sp. and seeds. Alloiopteris was first recorded in the Permian. The assemblage is composed predominantly of ferns and pteridosperms that tend to be hygrophilous to mesophilous floral elements. The flora from the Otovice and Ruprechtice horizons is usually rich in walchian conifers and peltasperms (Autunia conferta), and so the Janików flora is quite different with its hygrophilous elements. The fragmentary preservation suggests long transport distances, and probably only the remains of flora growing on the lakeshore were deposited in the calcareous bituminous shales. This coastal vegetation probably formed a barrier to mesophilous plants growing further from the lake, so their fragments are more sporadic.
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Collins, Heidi L., and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Simple, Inexpensive Classroom Experiments for Understanding Basic Gas Laws and Properties of Gases." Advances in Physiology Education 27, no. 4 (December 2003): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00032.2003.
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As educators, we are continually designing new methods and procedures to enhance learning. During this process, good ideas are frequently generated and tested, but the extent of such activities may not be adequate for a full manuscript. Nonetheless, the ideas may be quite beneficial in improving the teaching and learning of physiology. Illuminations is a column designed to facilitate the sharing of these ideas (illuminations). The format of submissions is quite simple: a succinct description of about one or two double-spaced pages (less title and authorship) of something you have used for the classroom, teaching, lab, conference room, etc. You may include one or two simple figures or references. Submit ideas for inclusion in Illuminations directly to the Associate Editor in charge, Stephen DiCarlo (sdicarlo@med.wayne.edu).
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V. Sowmya, K., and Dr JKR Sastry. "Performance evaluation of IOT systems – basic issues." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10279.
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Internet of things (IOT) is a layered network and generally heterogeneous as communication between small things like digital cameras and big things like servers has to happen. The communication speeds of various devices connected on to IOT are in great variance affecting the performance of the entire network. The small devices connected on to IOT are fragile in the sense that they tend to fail quite often affecting the performance of the network. The small devices are low in energy depletion of which is rather fast. The small devices also have heavy latency. Many such issues exists that effect the performance of an IOT network. In this paper, various issues/bottlenecks that hamper the performance of an IOT network are and a mitigation strategy for improving the performance of the IOT networks is discussed.